camping 2.0 → 2.1
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- data/CHANGELOG +11 -0
- data/Rakefile +21 -3
- data/bin/camping +2 -85
- data/book/51_upgrading +17 -0
- data/lib/camping-unabridged.rb +56 -16
- data/lib/camping.rb +37 -32
- data/lib/camping/mab.rb +2 -0
- data/lib/camping/reloader.rb +39 -45
- data/lib/camping/server.rb +217 -130
- data/lib/camping/session.rb +5 -6
- data/lib/camping/template.rb +17 -0
- data/test/app_markup.rb +51 -0
- data/test/app_route_generating.rb +22 -0
- data/test/app_sessions.rb +46 -0
- data/test/app_simple.rb +97 -0
- data/test/test_helper.rb +51 -0
- metadata +9 -16
- data/doc/api.html +0 -1953
- data/doc/book.html +0 -73
- data/doc/book/01_introduction.html +0 -57
- data/doc/book/02_getting_started.html +0 -573
- data/doc/book/51_upgrading.html +0 -146
- data/doc/created.rid +0 -1
- data/doc/images/Camping.gif +0 -0
- data/doc/images/loadingAnimation.gif +0 -0
- data/doc/images/permalink.gif +0 -0
- data/doc/index.html +0 -148
- data/doc/js/camping.js +0 -79
- data/doc/js/jquery.js +0 -32
- data/doc/rdoc.css +0 -117
data/doc/book.html
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<p class="header">Fri Apr 09 16:33:39 +0200 2010</p>
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<h1>Camping, the Book</h1>
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<a href="book/01_introduction.html">Introduction</a>
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<a href="book/02_getting_started.html">Getting Started</a>
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<li><a href="book/02_getting_started.html#enjoying-the-view">Enjoying the view</a></li>
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<li><a href="book/02_getting_started.html#routes">Routes</a></li>
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<a href="book/51_upgrading.html">Appendix I: Upgrade Notes</a>
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<li><a href="book/51_upgrading.html#from-15-to-20">From 1.5 to 2.0</a></li>
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<p id="version">Camping 2.0</p>
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<p class="header">Fri Apr 09 16:33:39 +0200 2010</p>
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<h1>Introduction</h1>
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<p>
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<a href="../api.html#class-Camping">Camping</a> is a small web framework,
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less than 4k, a little white blood cell in the vein of Rails. This little
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book will start with a tutorial which takes about fifteen minutes - by the
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end you should have a little <a
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href="../api.html#class-Camping">Camping</a> site up. The following
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chapters will eventually go deeper into how both <a
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href="../api.html#class-Camping">Camping</a>, HTTP and Rack works.
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(“Eventually”, because these chapters are not written yet. This
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book is currently a very much work in progress, and we’ll be very
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grateful if you want to help out.)
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If you at any moment need some help or have any questions or comments, we
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highly recommend <a
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href="http://rubyforge.org/mailman/listinfo/camping-list">the mailing
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list</a> which got plenty of nice people willing to help. We also have an
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IRC-channel at <a href="http://java.freenode.net/?channel=camping">#camping
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@ irc.freenode.net</a> if you’re into that sort of things.
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Enough talk. Ready? Let’s <a href="02_getting_started.html">"get
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started"</a>.
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<p id="version">Camping 2.0</p>
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<h1>Getting Started</h1>
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<p>
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Start a new text file called nuts.rb. Here’s what you put inside:
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<pre>
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Camping.goes :Nuts
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Save it. Then, open a command prompt in the same directory. You’ll
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want to run:
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$ camping nuts.rb
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And you should get a message which reads:
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<pre>
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** Camping running on 0.0.0.0:3301.
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This means that right now The <a
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href="../api.html#class-Camping">Camping</a> Server is running on port 3301
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on your machine. Open your browser and visit <a
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href="http://localhost:3301/.">localhost:3301/.</a>
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Your browser window should show:
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<pre>
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Camping Problem!
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/ Not found
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No problem with that. The <a href="../api.html#class-Camping">Camping</a>
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Server is running, but it doesn’t know what to show. Let’s tell
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him.
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<h2 class="ruled" id="hello-clock">Hello clock</h2>
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So, you’ve got <a href="../api.html#class-Camping">Camping</a>
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installed and it’s running. Keep it running. You can edit files and
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automatically. When you need to stop the server, press Control-C.
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Let’s show something. At the bottom of nuts.rb add:
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<pre>
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module Nuts::Controllers
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class Index < R '/'
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def get
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Time.now.to_s
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end
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end
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</pre>
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Save the file and refresh the browser window. Your browser window should
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show the time, e.g.
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Sun Jul 15 12:56:15 +0200 2007
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<h2 class="ruled" id="enjoying-the-view">Enjoying the view</h2>
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The <a href="../api.html#class-Camping">Camping</a> microframework allows
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us to separate our code using the MVC (Model-View-Controller) design
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pattern. Let’s add a view to our Nuts application. Replace the
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<tt>module Nuts::Controllers</tt> with:
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@time = Time.now
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render :sundial
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module Nuts::Views
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def layout
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html do
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head do
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title { "Nuts And GORP" }
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body { self << yield }
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Save the file and refresh your browser window and it should show a message
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like:
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And the window title reads “Nuts And GORP”.
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Here you can see we call <tt>render :sundial</tt> from our controller. This
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does exactly what it says, and renders our <tt>sundial</tt> method.
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We’ve also added a special method called <tt>layout</tt> which <a
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href="../api.html#class-Camping">Camping</a> will automatically wrap our
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sundial output in. If you’re familiar with HTML, you’ll see
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that our view contains what looks HTML tag names. This is Markaby, which is
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like writing HTML using Ruby!
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Soon enough, you’ll find that you can return anything from the
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controller, and it will be sent to the browser. But let’s keep that
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for later and start investigating the routes.
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<h2 class="ruled" id="routes">Routes</h2>
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This is an uncommon feature of Ruby that is used in our favorite
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microframework, to describe the routes which the controller can be accessed
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on.
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These routes can be very powerful, but we’re going to have look at
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the simplest ones first.
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module Nuts::Controllers
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class Words < R '/welcome/to/my/site'
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def get
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"You got here by: /welcome/to/my/site"
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end
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class Digits < R '/nuts/(\d+)'
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def get(number)
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"You got here by: /nuts/#{number}"
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end
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class Segment < R '/gorp/([^/]+)'
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"You got here by: /gorp/#{everything_else_than_a_slash}"
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end
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end
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class DigitsAndEverything < R '/nuts/(\d+)/([^/]+)'
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"You got here by: /nuts/#{number}/#{everything}"
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<p>
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Add this to nuts.rb and try if you can hit all of the controllers.
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<p>
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Also notice how everything inside a parenthesis gets passed into the
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method, and is ready at your disposal.
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<h3>Simpler routes</h3>
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This just in:
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<pre>
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module Nuts::Controllers
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class Index
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class WelcomeToMySite
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class NutsN
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end
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class GorpX
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"You got here by: /gorp/#{everything_else_than_a_slash}"
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end
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class NutsNX
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"You got here by: /nuts/#{number}/#{everything}"
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</pre>
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<p>
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Drop the <tt>< R</tt>-part and it attemps to read your mind. It
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won’t always succeed, but it can simplify your application once in a
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while.
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<h2 class="ruled" id="modeling-the-world">Modeling the world</h2>
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<p>
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You can get pretty far with what you’ve learned now, and hopefully
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you’ve been playing a bit off-book, but it’s time to take the
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next step: Storing data.
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Let’s start over again.
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<pre>
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Camping.goes :Nuts
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class Page < Base
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end
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end
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</pre>
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<p>
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Obviously, this won’t do anything, since we don’t have any
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controllers, but let’s rather have a look at we <em>do</em> have.
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<p>
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We have a model named Page. This means we now can store wiki pages and
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retrieve them later. In fact, we can have as many models as we want. Need
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one for your users and one for your blog posts? Well, I think you already
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know how to do it.
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<p>
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However, our model is missing something essential: a skeleton.
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<pre>
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Camping.goes :Nuts
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class Page < Base
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end
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class BasicFields < V 1.0
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def self.up
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create_table Page.table_name do |t|
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t.text :content
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# This gives us created_at and updated_at
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t.timestamps
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end
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end
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def self.down
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drop_table Page.table_name
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end
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end
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end
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</pre>
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<p>
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Now we have our first version of our model. It says:
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</p>
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<pre>
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If you want to migrate up to version one,
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create the skeleton for the Page model,
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which should be able to store,
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"title" which is a string,
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"content" which is a larger text,
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"created_at" which is the time it was created,
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"updated_at" which is the previous time it was updated.
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If you want to migrate down from version one,
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remove the skeleton for the Page model.
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</pre>
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<p>
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This is called a <em>migration</em>. Whenever you want to change or add new
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models you simply add a new migration below, where you increase the version
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number. All of these migrations builds upon each other like LEGO blocks.
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</p>
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<p>
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|
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Now we just need to tell <a href="../api.html#class-Camping">Camping</a> to
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use our migration. Write this at the bottom of nuts.rb
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</p>
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<pre>
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|
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def Nuts.create
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|
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Nuts::Models.create_schema
|
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|
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end
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|
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</pre>
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|
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<p>
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|
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When The <a href="../api.html#class-Camping">Camping</a> Server boots up,
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it will automatically call <tt>Nuts.create</tt>. You can put all kind of
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startup-code here, but right now we only want to create our skeleton (or
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upgrade if needed). Start The <a
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href="../api.html#class-Camping">Camping</a> Server again and observe:
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</p>
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|
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<pre>
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|
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$ camping nuts.rb
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|
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** Starting Mongrel on 0.0.0.0:3301
|
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|
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-- create_table("nuts_schema_infos")
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|
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-> 0.1035s
|
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|
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== Nuts::Models::BasicFields: migrating ===================================
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|
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-- create_table(:nuts_pages)
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|
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-> 0.0033s
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|
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== Nuts::Models::BasicFields: migrated (0.0038s) ==========================
|
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|
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</pre>
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|
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<p>
|
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|
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Restart it, and enjoy the silence. There’s no point of re-creating
|
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|
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the skeleton this time.
|
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|
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</p>
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|
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<p>
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|
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Before we go on, there’s one rule you must known: Always place your
|
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models before your migrations.
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|
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</p>
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|
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<h2 class="ruled" id="using-our-model">Using our model</h2>
|
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|
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<p>
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|
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Let’s explore how our model works by going into the <em>console</em>
|
|
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|
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</p>
|
|
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|
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<pre>
|
|
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|
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$ camping -C nuts.rb
|
|
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|
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** Starting console
|
|
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|
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>>
|
|
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|
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</pre>
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|
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<p>
|
|
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|
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Now it’s waiting for your input, and will give you the answer when
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|
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|
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you press Enter. Here’s what I did, leaving out the boring answers.
|
|
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|
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You should add your own pages.
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|
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|
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</p>
|
|
354
|
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<pre>
|
|
355
|
-
>> Page = Nuts::Models::Page
|
|
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|
-
|
|
357
|
-
>> hiking = Page.new(:title => "Hiking")
|
|
358
|
-
>> hiking.content = "You can also set the values like this."
|
|
359
|
-
>> hiking.save
|
|
360
|
-
|
|
361
|
-
>> page = Page.find_by_title("Hiking")
|
|
362
|
-
=> #<Nuts::Models::Page id: 1, ... >
|
|
363
|
-
>> page = Page.find(1)
|
|
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|
-
=> #<Nuts::Models::Page id: 1, ... >
|
|
365
|
-
>> page.title
|
|
366
|
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>> page.content
|
|
367
|
-
>> page.created_at
|
|
368
|
-
>> page.updated_at
|
|
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|
-
|
|
370
|
-
>> Page.find_by_title("Fishing")
|
|
371
|
-
=> nil
|
|
372
|
-
|
|
373
|
-
## Page.create automatically saves the page for you.
|
|
374
|
-
>> Page.create(:title => "Fishing", :content => "Go fish!")
|
|
375
|
-
|
|
376
|
-
>> Page.count
|
|
377
|
-
=> 2
|
|
378
|
-
</pre>
|
|
379
|
-
<p>
|
|
380
|
-
Now I have two pages: One about hiking and one about fishing.
|
|
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|
-
</p>
|
|
382
|
-
<h2 class="ruled" id="wrapping-it-up">Wrapping it up</h2>
|
|
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|
-
<p>
|
|
384
|
-
Wouldn’t it be nice if we could show this wonderful our pages in a
|
|
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|
-
browser? Update nuts.rb so it also contains something like this:
|
|
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|
-
</p>
|
|
387
|
-
<pre>
|
|
388
|
-
module Nuts::Controllers
|
|
389
|
-
class Pages
|
|
390
|
-
def get
|
|
391
|
-
# Only fetch the titles of the pages.
|
|
392
|
-
@pages = Page.all(:select => "title")
|
|
393
|
-
render :list
|
|
394
|
-
end
|
|
395
|
-
end
|
|
396
|
-
|
|
397
|
-
class PageX
|
|
398
|
-
def get(title)
|
|
399
|
-
@page = Page.find_by_title(title)
|
|
400
|
-
render :view
|
|
401
|
-
end
|
|
402
|
-
end
|
|
403
|
-
end
|
|
404
|
-
|
|
405
|
-
module Nuts::Views
|
|
406
|
-
def list
|
|
407
|
-
h1 "All pages"
|
|
408
|
-
ul do
|
|
409
|
-
@pages.each do |page|
|
|
410
|
-
li do
|
|
411
|
-
a page.title, :href => R(PageX, page.title)
|
|
412
|
-
end
|
|
413
|
-
end
|
|
414
|
-
end
|
|
415
|
-
end
|
|
416
|
-
|
|
417
|
-
def view
|
|
418
|
-
h1 @page.title
|
|
419
|
-
self << @page.content
|
|
420
|
-
end
|
|
421
|
-
end
|
|
422
|
-
</pre>
|
|
423
|
-
<p>
|
|
424
|
-
Here we meet our first <em>helper</em>:
|
|
425
|
-
</p>
|
|
426
|
-
<pre>
|
|
427
|
-
R(PageX, page.title)
|
|
428
|
-
</pre>
|
|
429
|
-
<p>
|
|
430
|
-
This is the <em>reversed router</em> and it generates a URL based on a
|
|
431
|
-
controller. <a href="../api.html#class-Camping">Camping</a> ships with a
|
|
432
|
-
few, but very useful, helpers and you can easily add your owns. Have a look
|
|
433
|
-
at <a href="../api.html#class-Camping-Helpers">Camping::Helpers</a> for how
|
|
434
|
-
you use these.
|
|
435
|
-
</p>
|
|
436
|
-
<p>
|
|
437
|
-
There’s a lot of improvements you could do here. Let me suggest:
|
|
438
|
-
</p>
|
|
439
|
-
<ul>
|
|
440
|
-
<li>Show when the page was created and last updated.
|
|
441
|
-
|
|
442
|
-
</li>
|
|
443
|
-
<li>What happens when the page doesn’t exist?
|
|
444
|
-
|
|
445
|
-
</li>
|
|
446
|
-
<li>What should the front page show?
|
|
447
|
-
|
|
448
|
-
</li>
|
|
449
|
-
<li>Add a layout.
|
|
450
|
-
|
|
451
|
-
</li>
|
|
452
|
-
<li>Jazz it up a bit.
|
|
453
|
-
|
|
454
|
-
</li>
|
|
455
|
-
</ul>
|
|
456
|
-
<h2 class="ruled" id="the-last-touch">The last touch</h2>
|
|
457
|
-
<p>
|
|
458
|
-
We have one major flaw in our little application. You can’t edit or
|
|
459
|
-
add new pages. Let’s see if we can fix that:
|
|
460
|
-
</p>
|
|
461
|
-
<pre>
|
|
462
|
-
module Nuts::Controllers
|
|
463
|
-
class PageX
|
|
464
|
-
def get(title)
|
|
465
|
-
if @page = Page.find_by_title(title)
|
|
466
|
-
render :view
|
|
467
|
-
else
|
|
468
|
-
redirect PageXEdit, title
|
|
469
|
-
end
|
|
470
|
-
end
|
|
471
|
-
|
|
472
|
-
def post(title)
|
|
473
|
-
# If it doesn't exist, initialize it:
|
|
474
|
-
@page = Page.find_or_initialize_by_title(title)
|
|
475
|
-
# This is the same as:
|
|
476
|
-
# @page = Page.find_by_title(title) || Page.new(:title => title)
|
|
477
|
-
|
|
478
|
-
@page.content = @input.content
|
|
479
|
-
@page.save
|
|
480
|
-
redirect PageX, title
|
|
481
|
-
end
|
|
482
|
-
end
|
|
483
|
-
|
|
484
|
-
class PageXEdit
|
|
485
|
-
def get(title)
|
|
486
|
-
@page = Page.find_or_initialize_by_title(title)
|
|
487
|
-
render :edit
|
|
488
|
-
end
|
|
489
|
-
end
|
|
490
|
-
end
|
|
491
|
-
</pre>
|
|
492
|
-
<p>
|
|
493
|
-
The core of this code lies in the new <tt>post</tt> method in the PageX
|
|
494
|
-
controller. When someone types an address or follows a link, they’ll
|
|
495
|
-
end up at the <tt>get</tt> method, but you can easily create a form which
|
|
496
|
-
rather sends you to the <tt>post</tt> when submitted.
|
|
497
|
-
</p>
|
|
498
|
-
<p>
|
|
499
|
-
There are other names you can use, but they won’t always work. So for
|
|
500
|
-
now, don’t be fancy and just stick to <tt>get</tt> and <tt>post</tt>.
|
|
501
|
-
We’ll show you how this really works later.
|
|
502
|
-
</p>
|
|
503
|
-
<p>
|
|
504
|
-
You might also notice that we use <tt>@input.content</tt>. The
|
|
505
|
-
<tt>@input</tt>-hash contains any extra parameters sent, like those in the
|
|
506
|
-
forms and those in the URL (<tt>/posts?page=50</tt>).
|
|
507
|
-
</p>
|
|
508
|
-
<p>
|
|
509
|
-
Here’s an <tt>edit</tt>-view, but you can probably do better. See if
|
|
510
|
-
you can integrate all of this with what you already have.
|
|
511
|
-
</p>
|
|
512
|
-
<pre>
|
|
513
|
-
module Nuts::Views
|
|
514
|
-
def edit
|
|
515
|
-
h1 @page.title
|
|
516
|
-
form :action => R(PageX, @page.title), :method => :post do
|
|
517
|
-
textarea @page.content, :name => :content,
|
|
518
|
-
:rows => 10, :cols => 50
|
|
519
|
-
|
|
520
|
-
br
|
|
521
|
-
|
|
522
|
-
input :type => :submit, :value => "Submit!"
|
|
523
|
-
end
|
|
524
|
-
end
|
|
525
|
-
end
|
|
526
|
-
</pre>
|
|
527
|
-
<h2 class="ruled" id="phew">Phew.</h2>
|
|
528
|
-
<p>
|
|
529
|
-
You’ve taken quite a few steps in the last minutes. You deserve a
|
|
530
|
-
break. But let’s recap for a moment:
|
|
531
|
-
</p>
|
|
532
|
-
<ul>
|
|
533
|
-
<li>Always place <tt><a href="../api.html#M000028">Camping.goes</a> :App</tt>
|
|
534
|
-
at the top of your file.
|
|
535
|
-
|
|
536
|
-
</li>
|
|
537
|
-
<li>Every route ends at a controller, but …
|
|
538
|
-
|
|
539
|
-
</li>
|
|
540
|
-
<li>… the controller only delegates the work.
|
|
541
|
-
|
|
542
|
-
</li>
|
|
543
|
-
<li><tt>@input</tt> contains the extra parameters.
|
|
544
|
-
|
|
545
|
-
</li>
|
|
546
|
-
<li>The views are HTML disguised as Ruby.
|
|
547
|
-
|
|
548
|
-
</li>
|
|
549
|
-
<li>They can access the instances variables (those that starts with a single
|
|
550
|
-
at-sign) from the controller.
|
|
551
|
-
|
|
552
|
-
</li>
|
|
553
|
-
<li>The models allows you to store all kinds of data.
|
|
554
|
-
|
|
555
|
-
</li>
|
|
556
|
-
<li>Place your models before your migrations.
|
|
557
|
-
|
|
558
|
-
</li>
|
|
559
|
-
<li>Helpers are helpful.
|
|
560
|
-
|
|
561
|
-
</li>
|
|
562
|
-
</ul>
|
|
563
|
-
<p>
|
|
564
|
-
Unfortunately, the book stops here for now. Come back in a few months, or
|
|
565
|
-
join the mailing list to stay updated, and hopefully there’s another
|
|
566
|
-
chapter waiting for you.
|
|
567
|
-
</p>
|
|
568
|
-
|
|
569
|
-
</div>
|
|
570
|
-
</div>
|
|
571
|
-
</div>
|
|
572
|
-
</body>
|
|
573
|
-
</html>
|