camping 2.0 → 2.1
This diff represents the content of publicly available package versions that have been released to one of the supported registries. The information contained in this diff is provided for informational purposes only and reflects changes between package versions as they appear in their respective public registries.
- data/CHANGELOG +11 -0
- data/Rakefile +21 -3
- data/bin/camping +2 -85
- data/book/51_upgrading +17 -0
- data/lib/camping-unabridged.rb +56 -16
- data/lib/camping.rb +37 -32
- data/lib/camping/mab.rb +2 -0
- data/lib/camping/reloader.rb +39 -45
- data/lib/camping/server.rb +217 -130
- data/lib/camping/session.rb +5 -6
- data/lib/camping/template.rb +17 -0
- data/test/app_markup.rb +51 -0
- data/test/app_route_generating.rb +22 -0
- data/test/app_sessions.rb +46 -0
- data/test/app_simple.rb +97 -0
- data/test/test_helper.rb +51 -0
- metadata +9 -16
- data/doc/api.html +0 -1953
- data/doc/book.html +0 -73
- data/doc/book/01_introduction.html +0 -57
- data/doc/book/02_getting_started.html +0 -573
- data/doc/book/51_upgrading.html +0 -146
- data/doc/created.rid +0 -1
- data/doc/images/Camping.gif +0 -0
- data/doc/images/loadingAnimation.gif +0 -0
- data/doc/images/permalink.gif +0 -0
- data/doc/index.html +0 -148
- data/doc/js/camping.js +0 -79
- data/doc/js/jquery.js +0 -32
- data/doc/rdoc.css +0 -117
data/doc/book.html
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<title>Camping, a Microframework</title>
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<li><a href="http://wiki.github.com/camping/camping">wiki</a> | </li>
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<li><a href="http://github.com/camping/camping">code</a></li>
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</ul>
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<p id="version">Camping 2.0</p>
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<p class="header">Fri Apr 09 16:33:39 +0200 2010</p>
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<h1>Camping, the Book</h1>
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<li>
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<a href="book/01_introduction.html">Introduction</a>
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<a href="book/02_getting_started.html">Getting Started</a>
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<li><a href="book/02_getting_started.html#hello-clock">Hello clock</a></li>
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<li><a href="book/02_getting_started.html#enjoying-the-view">Enjoying the view</a></li>
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<li><a href="book/02_getting_started.html#routes">Routes</a></li>
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<li><a href="book/02_getting_started.html#modeling-the-world">Modeling the world</a></li>
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<li><a href="book/02_getting_started.html#using-our-model">Using our model</a></li>
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<li><a href="book/02_getting_started.html#wrapping-it-up">Wrapping it up</a></li>
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<li><a href="book/02_getting_started.html#the-last-touch">The last touch</a></li>
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<li><a href="book/02_getting_started.html#phew">Phew.</a></li>
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<a href="book/51_upgrading.html">Appendix I: Upgrade Notes</a>
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<li><a href="book/51_upgrading.html#from-15-to-20">From 1.5 to 2.0</a></li>
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<li><a href="http://wiki.github.com/camping/camping">wiki</a> | </li>
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<li><a href="http://github.com/camping/camping">code</a></li>
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<p id="version">Camping 2.0</p>
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<p class="header">Fri Apr 09 16:33:39 +0200 2010</p>
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<h1>Introduction</h1>
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<a href="../api.html#class-Camping">Camping</a> is a small web framework,
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less than 4k, a little white blood cell in the vein of Rails. This little
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book will start with a tutorial which takes about fifteen minutes - by the
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end you should have a little <a
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href="../api.html#class-Camping">Camping</a> site up. The following
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chapters will eventually go deeper into how both <a
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href="../api.html#class-Camping">Camping</a>, HTTP and Rack works.
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(“Eventually”, because these chapters are not written yet. This
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book is currently a very much work in progress, and we’ll be very
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grateful if you want to help out.)
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<p>
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If you at any moment need some help or have any questions or comments, we
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highly recommend <a
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href="http://rubyforge.org/mailman/listinfo/camping-list">the mailing
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list</a> which got plenty of nice people willing to help. We also have an
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IRC-channel at <a href="http://java.freenode.net/?channel=camping">#camping
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@ irc.freenode.net</a> if you’re into that sort of things.
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Enough talk. Ready? Let’s <a href="02_getting_started.html">"get
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started"</a>.
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<li><a href="../api.html">reference</a> | </li>
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<li><a href="http://wiki.github.com/camping/camping">wiki</a> | </li>
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<li><a href="http://github.com/camping/camping">code</a></li>
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<p id="version">Camping 2.0</p>
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<h1>Getting Started</h1>
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<p>
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Start a new text file called nuts.rb. Here’s what you put inside:
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<pre>
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Camping.goes :Nuts
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Save it. Then, open a command prompt in the same directory. You’ll
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want to run:
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$ camping nuts.rb
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And you should get a message which reads:
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** Camping running on 0.0.0.0:3301.
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</pre>
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This means that right now The <a
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href="../api.html#class-Camping">Camping</a> Server is running on port 3301
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on your machine. Open your browser and visit <a
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href="http://localhost:3301/.">localhost:3301/.</a>
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Your browser window should show:
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<pre>
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Camping Problem!
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/ Not found
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No problem with that. The <a href="../api.html#class-Camping">Camping</a>
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Server is running, but it doesn’t know what to show. Let’s tell
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him.
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</p>
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<h2 class="ruled" id="hello-clock">Hello clock</h2>
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<p>
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So, you’ve got <a href="../api.html#class-Camping">Camping</a>
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installed and it’s running. Keep it running. You can edit files and
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automatically. When you need to stop the server, press Control-C.
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Let’s show something. At the bottom of nuts.rb add:
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module Nuts::Controllers
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class Index < R '/'
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def get
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end
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end
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Save the file and refresh the browser window. Your browser window should
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show the time, e.g.
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Sun Jul 15 12:56:15 +0200 2007
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<h2 class="ruled" id="enjoying-the-view">Enjoying the view</h2>
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The <a href="../api.html#class-Camping">Camping</a> microframework allows
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us to separate our code using the MVC (Model-View-Controller) design
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pattern. Let’s add a view to our Nuts application. Replace the
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<tt>module Nuts::Controllers</tt> with:
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module Nuts::Controllers
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class Index < R '/'
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def get
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render :sundial
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end
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end
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html do
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head do
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title { "Nuts And GORP" }
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end
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body { self << yield }
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end
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end
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end
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The current time is: Sun Jul 15 13:05:41 +0200 2007
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And the window title reads “Nuts And GORP”.
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Here you can see we call <tt>render :sundial</tt> from our controller. This
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does exactly what it says, and renders our <tt>sundial</tt> method.
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We’ve also added a special method called <tt>layout</tt> which <a
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href="../api.html#class-Camping">Camping</a> will automatically wrap our
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sundial output in. If you’re familiar with HTML, you’ll see
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that our view contains what looks HTML tag names. This is Markaby, which is
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like writing HTML using Ruby!
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Soon enough, you’ll find that you can return anything from the
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controller, and it will be sent to the browser. But let’s keep that
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for later and start investigating the routes.
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You probably noticed the weird <tt>R '/'</tt> syntax in the previous page.
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This is an uncommon feature of Ruby that is used in our favorite
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microframework, to describe the routes which the controller can be accessed
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on.
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These routes can be very powerful, but we’re going to have look at
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the simplest ones first.
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class Words < R '/welcome/to/my/site'
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def get
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end
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end
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class Digits < R '/nuts/(\d+)'
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def get(number)
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end
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end
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class Segment < R '/gorp/([^/]+)'
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def get(everything_else_than_a_slash)
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"You got here by: /gorp/#{everything_else_than_a_slash}"
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class DigitsAndEverything < R '/nuts/(\d+)/([^/]+)'
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</pre>
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<p>
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Add this to nuts.rb and try if you can hit all of the controllers.
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<p>
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Also notice how everything inside a parenthesis gets passed into the
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method, and is ready at your disposal.
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<h3>Simpler routes</h3>
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This just in:
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<pre>
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module Nuts::Controllers
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class Index
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end
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class WelcomeToMySite
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class NutsN
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end
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class GorpX
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"You got here by: /gorp/#{everything_else_than_a_slash}"
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end
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class NutsNX
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"You got here by: /nuts/#{number}/#{everything}"
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</pre>
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<p>
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Drop the <tt>< R</tt>-part and it attemps to read your mind. It
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won’t always succeed, but it can simplify your application once in a
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while.
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<h2 class="ruled" id="modeling-the-world">Modeling the world</h2>
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You can get pretty far with what you’ve learned now, and hopefully
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you’ve been playing a bit off-book, but it’s time to take the
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next step: Storing data.
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Let’s start over again.
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<pre>
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Camping.goes :Nuts
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class Page < Base
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end
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end
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</pre>
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<p>
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Obviously, this won’t do anything, since we don’t have any
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controllers, but let’s rather have a look at we <em>do</em> have.
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<p>
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We have a model named Page. This means we now can store wiki pages and
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retrieve them later. In fact, we can have as many models as we want. Need
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one for your users and one for your blog posts? Well, I think you already
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know how to do it.
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<p>
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However, our model is missing something essential: a skeleton.
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<pre>
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Camping.goes :Nuts
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class Page < Base
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end
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class BasicFields < V 1.0
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def self.up
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create_table Page.table_name do |t|
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t.text :content
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# This gives us created_at and updated_at
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t.timestamps
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end
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end
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def self.down
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drop_table Page.table_name
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end
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end
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end
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</pre>
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<p>
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Now we have our first version of our model. It says:
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</p>
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<pre>
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If you want to migrate up to version one,
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create the skeleton for the Page model,
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which should be able to store,
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"title" which is a string,
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"content" which is a larger text,
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"created_at" which is the time it was created,
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"updated_at" which is the previous time it was updated.
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If you want to migrate down from version one,
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remove the skeleton for the Page model.
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</pre>
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<p>
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This is called a <em>migration</em>. Whenever you want to change or add new
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models you simply add a new migration below, where you increase the version
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number. All of these migrations builds upon each other like LEGO blocks.
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</p>
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<p>
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Now we just need to tell <a href="../api.html#class-Camping">Camping</a> to
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use our migration. Write this at the bottom of nuts.rb
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</p>
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<pre>
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|
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def Nuts.create
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|
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Nuts::Models.create_schema
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|
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end
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</pre>
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<p>
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When The <a href="../api.html#class-Camping">Camping</a> Server boots up,
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it will automatically call <tt>Nuts.create</tt>. You can put all kind of
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startup-code here, but right now we only want to create our skeleton (or
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upgrade if needed). Start The <a
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href="../api.html#class-Camping">Camping</a> Server again and observe:
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</p>
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<pre>
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|
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$ camping nuts.rb
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|
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** Starting Mongrel on 0.0.0.0:3301
|
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|
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-- create_table("nuts_schema_infos")
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|
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-> 0.1035s
|
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|
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== Nuts::Models::BasicFields: migrating ===================================
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|
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-- create_table(:nuts_pages)
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|
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-> 0.0033s
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|
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== Nuts::Models::BasicFields: migrated (0.0038s) ==========================
|
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|
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</pre>
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|
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<p>
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|
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Restart it, and enjoy the silence. There’s no point of re-creating
|
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|
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the skeleton this time.
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|
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</p>
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|
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<p>
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|
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Before we go on, there’s one rule you must known: Always place your
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models before your migrations.
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</p>
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|
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<h2 class="ruled" id="using-our-model">Using our model</h2>
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|
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<p>
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|
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Let’s explore how our model works by going into the <em>console</em>
|
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|
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</p>
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|
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|
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<pre>
|
|
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|
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$ camping -C nuts.rb
|
|
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|
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** Starting console
|
|
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|
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>>
|
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|
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</pre>
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|
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|
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<p>
|
|
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|
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Now it’s waiting for your input, and will give you the answer when
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|
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|
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you press Enter. Here’s what I did, leaving out the boring answers.
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|
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|
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You should add your own pages.
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|
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|
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</p>
|
|
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|
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<pre>
|
|
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|
-
>> Page = Nuts::Models::Page
|
|
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|
-
|
|
357
|
-
>> hiking = Page.new(:title => "Hiking")
|
|
358
|
-
>> hiking.content = "You can also set the values like this."
|
|
359
|
-
>> hiking.save
|
|
360
|
-
|
|
361
|
-
>> page = Page.find_by_title("Hiking")
|
|
362
|
-
=> #<Nuts::Models::Page id: 1, ... >
|
|
363
|
-
>> page = Page.find(1)
|
|
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|
-
=> #<Nuts::Models::Page id: 1, ... >
|
|
365
|
-
>> page.title
|
|
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|
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>> page.content
|
|
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|
-
>> page.created_at
|
|
368
|
-
>> page.updated_at
|
|
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|
-
|
|
370
|
-
>> Page.find_by_title("Fishing")
|
|
371
|
-
=> nil
|
|
372
|
-
|
|
373
|
-
## Page.create automatically saves the page for you.
|
|
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|
-
>> Page.create(:title => "Fishing", :content => "Go fish!")
|
|
375
|
-
|
|
376
|
-
>> Page.count
|
|
377
|
-
=> 2
|
|
378
|
-
</pre>
|
|
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|
-
<p>
|
|
380
|
-
Now I have two pages: One about hiking and one about fishing.
|
|
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|
-
</p>
|
|
382
|
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<h2 class="ruled" id="wrapping-it-up">Wrapping it up</h2>
|
|
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|
-
<p>
|
|
384
|
-
Wouldn’t it be nice if we could show this wonderful our pages in a
|
|
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|
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browser? Update nuts.rb so it also contains something like this:
|
|
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|
-
</p>
|
|
387
|
-
<pre>
|
|
388
|
-
module Nuts::Controllers
|
|
389
|
-
class Pages
|
|
390
|
-
def get
|
|
391
|
-
# Only fetch the titles of the pages.
|
|
392
|
-
@pages = Page.all(:select => "title")
|
|
393
|
-
render :list
|
|
394
|
-
end
|
|
395
|
-
end
|
|
396
|
-
|
|
397
|
-
class PageX
|
|
398
|
-
def get(title)
|
|
399
|
-
@page = Page.find_by_title(title)
|
|
400
|
-
render :view
|
|
401
|
-
end
|
|
402
|
-
end
|
|
403
|
-
end
|
|
404
|
-
|
|
405
|
-
module Nuts::Views
|
|
406
|
-
def list
|
|
407
|
-
h1 "All pages"
|
|
408
|
-
ul do
|
|
409
|
-
@pages.each do |page|
|
|
410
|
-
li do
|
|
411
|
-
a page.title, :href => R(PageX, page.title)
|
|
412
|
-
end
|
|
413
|
-
end
|
|
414
|
-
end
|
|
415
|
-
end
|
|
416
|
-
|
|
417
|
-
def view
|
|
418
|
-
h1 @page.title
|
|
419
|
-
self << @page.content
|
|
420
|
-
end
|
|
421
|
-
end
|
|
422
|
-
</pre>
|
|
423
|
-
<p>
|
|
424
|
-
Here we meet our first <em>helper</em>:
|
|
425
|
-
</p>
|
|
426
|
-
<pre>
|
|
427
|
-
R(PageX, page.title)
|
|
428
|
-
</pre>
|
|
429
|
-
<p>
|
|
430
|
-
This is the <em>reversed router</em> and it generates a URL based on a
|
|
431
|
-
controller. <a href="../api.html#class-Camping">Camping</a> ships with a
|
|
432
|
-
few, but very useful, helpers and you can easily add your owns. Have a look
|
|
433
|
-
at <a href="../api.html#class-Camping-Helpers">Camping::Helpers</a> for how
|
|
434
|
-
you use these.
|
|
435
|
-
</p>
|
|
436
|
-
<p>
|
|
437
|
-
There’s a lot of improvements you could do here. Let me suggest:
|
|
438
|
-
</p>
|
|
439
|
-
<ul>
|
|
440
|
-
<li>Show when the page was created and last updated.
|
|
441
|
-
|
|
442
|
-
</li>
|
|
443
|
-
<li>What happens when the page doesn’t exist?
|
|
444
|
-
|
|
445
|
-
</li>
|
|
446
|
-
<li>What should the front page show?
|
|
447
|
-
|
|
448
|
-
</li>
|
|
449
|
-
<li>Add a layout.
|
|
450
|
-
|
|
451
|
-
</li>
|
|
452
|
-
<li>Jazz it up a bit.
|
|
453
|
-
|
|
454
|
-
</li>
|
|
455
|
-
</ul>
|
|
456
|
-
<h2 class="ruled" id="the-last-touch">The last touch</h2>
|
|
457
|
-
<p>
|
|
458
|
-
We have one major flaw in our little application. You can’t edit or
|
|
459
|
-
add new pages. Let’s see if we can fix that:
|
|
460
|
-
</p>
|
|
461
|
-
<pre>
|
|
462
|
-
module Nuts::Controllers
|
|
463
|
-
class PageX
|
|
464
|
-
def get(title)
|
|
465
|
-
if @page = Page.find_by_title(title)
|
|
466
|
-
render :view
|
|
467
|
-
else
|
|
468
|
-
redirect PageXEdit, title
|
|
469
|
-
end
|
|
470
|
-
end
|
|
471
|
-
|
|
472
|
-
def post(title)
|
|
473
|
-
# If it doesn't exist, initialize it:
|
|
474
|
-
@page = Page.find_or_initialize_by_title(title)
|
|
475
|
-
# This is the same as:
|
|
476
|
-
# @page = Page.find_by_title(title) || Page.new(:title => title)
|
|
477
|
-
|
|
478
|
-
@page.content = @input.content
|
|
479
|
-
@page.save
|
|
480
|
-
redirect PageX, title
|
|
481
|
-
end
|
|
482
|
-
end
|
|
483
|
-
|
|
484
|
-
class PageXEdit
|
|
485
|
-
def get(title)
|
|
486
|
-
@page = Page.find_or_initialize_by_title(title)
|
|
487
|
-
render :edit
|
|
488
|
-
end
|
|
489
|
-
end
|
|
490
|
-
end
|
|
491
|
-
</pre>
|
|
492
|
-
<p>
|
|
493
|
-
The core of this code lies in the new <tt>post</tt> method in the PageX
|
|
494
|
-
controller. When someone types an address or follows a link, they’ll
|
|
495
|
-
end up at the <tt>get</tt> method, but you can easily create a form which
|
|
496
|
-
rather sends you to the <tt>post</tt> when submitted.
|
|
497
|
-
</p>
|
|
498
|
-
<p>
|
|
499
|
-
There are other names you can use, but they won’t always work. So for
|
|
500
|
-
now, don’t be fancy and just stick to <tt>get</tt> and <tt>post</tt>.
|
|
501
|
-
We’ll show you how this really works later.
|
|
502
|
-
</p>
|
|
503
|
-
<p>
|
|
504
|
-
You might also notice that we use <tt>@input.content</tt>. The
|
|
505
|
-
<tt>@input</tt>-hash contains any extra parameters sent, like those in the
|
|
506
|
-
forms and those in the URL (<tt>/posts?page=50</tt>).
|
|
507
|
-
</p>
|
|
508
|
-
<p>
|
|
509
|
-
Here’s an <tt>edit</tt>-view, but you can probably do better. See if
|
|
510
|
-
you can integrate all of this with what you already have.
|
|
511
|
-
</p>
|
|
512
|
-
<pre>
|
|
513
|
-
module Nuts::Views
|
|
514
|
-
def edit
|
|
515
|
-
h1 @page.title
|
|
516
|
-
form :action => R(PageX, @page.title), :method => :post do
|
|
517
|
-
textarea @page.content, :name => :content,
|
|
518
|
-
:rows => 10, :cols => 50
|
|
519
|
-
|
|
520
|
-
br
|
|
521
|
-
|
|
522
|
-
input :type => :submit, :value => "Submit!"
|
|
523
|
-
end
|
|
524
|
-
end
|
|
525
|
-
end
|
|
526
|
-
</pre>
|
|
527
|
-
<h2 class="ruled" id="phew">Phew.</h2>
|
|
528
|
-
<p>
|
|
529
|
-
You’ve taken quite a few steps in the last minutes. You deserve a
|
|
530
|
-
break. But let’s recap for a moment:
|
|
531
|
-
</p>
|
|
532
|
-
<ul>
|
|
533
|
-
<li>Always place <tt><a href="../api.html#M000028">Camping.goes</a> :App</tt>
|
|
534
|
-
at the top of your file.
|
|
535
|
-
|
|
536
|
-
</li>
|
|
537
|
-
<li>Every route ends at a controller, but …
|
|
538
|
-
|
|
539
|
-
</li>
|
|
540
|
-
<li>… the controller only delegates the work.
|
|
541
|
-
|
|
542
|
-
</li>
|
|
543
|
-
<li><tt>@input</tt> contains the extra parameters.
|
|
544
|
-
|
|
545
|
-
</li>
|
|
546
|
-
<li>The views are HTML disguised as Ruby.
|
|
547
|
-
|
|
548
|
-
</li>
|
|
549
|
-
<li>They can access the instances variables (those that starts with a single
|
|
550
|
-
at-sign) from the controller.
|
|
551
|
-
|
|
552
|
-
</li>
|
|
553
|
-
<li>The models allows you to store all kinds of data.
|
|
554
|
-
|
|
555
|
-
</li>
|
|
556
|
-
<li>Place your models before your migrations.
|
|
557
|
-
|
|
558
|
-
</li>
|
|
559
|
-
<li>Helpers are helpful.
|
|
560
|
-
|
|
561
|
-
</li>
|
|
562
|
-
</ul>
|
|
563
|
-
<p>
|
|
564
|
-
Unfortunately, the book stops here for now. Come back in a few months, or
|
|
565
|
-
join the mailing list to stay updated, and hopefully there’s another
|
|
566
|
-
chapter waiting for you.
|
|
567
|
-
</p>
|
|
568
|
-
|
|
569
|
-
</div>
|
|
570
|
-
</div>
|
|
571
|
-
</div>
|
|
572
|
-
</body>
|
|
573
|
-
</html>
|