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data/vendor/local/share/man/man5/fonts-conf.5

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+.\\" auto-generated by docbook2man-spec $Revision: 1.2 $
+.TH "FONTS-CONF" "5" "18 November 2009" "" ""
+.SH NAME
+fonts.conf \- Font configuration files
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.sp
+.nf
+   /etc/fonts/fonts.conf
+   /etc/fonts/fonts.dtd
+   /etc/fonts/conf.d
+   ~/.fonts.conf.d
+   ~/.fonts.conf
+.sp
+.fi
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+Fontconfig is a library designed to provide system-wide font configuration,
+customization and application access.
+.SH "FUNCTIONAL OVERVIEW"
+.PP
+Fontconfig contains two essential modules, the configuration module which
+builds an internal configuration from XML files and the matching module
+which accepts font patterns and returns the nearest matching font.
+.SS "FONT CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The configuration module consists of the FcConfig datatype, libexpat and
+FcConfigParse which walks over an XML tree and amends a configuration with
+data found within. From an external perspective, configuration of the
+library consists of generating a valid XML tree and feeding that to
+FcConfigParse. The only other mechanism provided to applications for
+changing the running configuration is to add fonts and directories to the
+list of application-provided font files. 
+.PP
+The intent is to make font configurations relatively static, and shared by
+as many applications as possible. It is hoped that this will lead to more
+stable font selection when passing names from one application to another.
+XML was chosen as a configuration file format because it provides a format
+which is easy for external agents to edit while retaining the correct
+structure and syntax.
+.PP
+Font configuration is separate from font matching; applications needing to
+do their own matching can access the available fonts from the library and
+perform private matching. The intent is to permit applications to pick and
+choose appropriate functionality from the library instead of forcing them to
+choose between this library and a private configuration mechanism. The hope
+is that this will ensure that configuration of fonts for all applications
+can be centralized in one place. Centralizing font configuration will
+simplify and regularize font installation and customization.
+.SS "FONT PROPERTIES"
+.PP
+While font patterns may contain essentially any properties, there are some
+well known properties with associated types. Fontconfig uses some of these
+properties for font matching and font completion. Others are provided as a
+convenience for the applications' rendering mechanism.
+.sp
+.nf
+  Property        Type    Description
+  --------------------------------------------------------------
+  family          String  Font family names
+  familylang      String  Languages corresponding to each family
+  style           String  Font style. Overrides weight and slant
+  stylelang       String  Languages corresponding to each style
+  fullname        String  Font full names (often includes style)
+  fullnamelang    String  Languages corresponding to each fullname
+  slant           Int     Italic, oblique or roman
+  weight          Int     Light, medium, demibold, bold or black
+  size            Double  Point size
+  width           Int     Condensed, normal or expanded
+  aspect          Double  Stretches glyphs horizontally before hinting
+  pixelsize       Double  Pixel size
+  spacing         Int     Proportional, dual-width, monospace or charcell
+  foundry         String  Font foundry name
+  antialias       Bool    Whether glyphs can be antialiased
+  hinting         Bool    Whether the rasterizer should use hinting
+  hintstyle       Int     Automatic hinting style
+  verticallayout  Bool    Use vertical layout
+  autohint        Bool    Use autohinter instead of normal hinter
+  globaladvance   Bool    Use font global advance data
+  file            String  The filename holding the font
+  index           Int     The index of the font within the file
+  ftface          FT_Face Use the specified FreeType face object
+  rasterizer      String  Which rasterizer is in use
+  outline         Bool    Whether the glyphs are outlines
+  scalable        Bool    Whether glyphs can be scaled
+  scale           Double  Scale factor for point->pixel conversions
+  dpi             Double  Target dots per inch
+  rgba            Int     unknown, rgb, bgr, vrgb, vbgr,
+                          none - subpixel geometry
+  lcdfilter       Int     Type of LCD filter
+  minspace        Bool    Eliminate leading from line spacing
+  charset         CharSet Unicode chars encoded by the font
+  lang            String  List of RFC-3066-style languages this
+                          font supports
+  fontversion     Int     Version number of the font
+  capability      String  List of layout capabilities in the font
+  embolden        Bool    Rasterizer should synthetically embolden the font
+    
+.sp
+.fi
+.SS "FONT MATCHING"
+.PP
+Fontconfig performs matching by measuring the distance from a provided
+pattern to all of the available fonts in the system. The closest matching
+font is selected. This ensures that a font will always be returned, but
+doesn't ensure that it is anything like the requested pattern.
+.PP
+Font matching starts with an application constructed pattern. The desired
+attributes of the resulting font are collected together in a pattern. Each
+property of the pattern can contain one or more values; these are listed in
+priority order; matches earlier in the list are considered "closer" than
+matches later in the list.
+.PP
+The initial pattern is modified by applying the list of editing instructions
+specific to patterns found in the configuration; each consists of a match
+predicate and a set of editing operations. They are executed in the order
+they appeared in the configuration. Each match causes the associated
+sequence of editing operations to be applied.
+.PP
+After the pattern has been edited, a sequence of default substitutions are
+performed to canonicalize the set of available properties; this avoids the
+need for the lower layers to constantly provide default values for various
+font properties during rendering.
+.PP
+The canonical font pattern is finally matched against all available fonts.
+The distance from the pattern to the font is measured for each of several
+properties: foundry, charset, family, lang, spacing, pixelsize, style,
+slant, weight, antialias, rasterizer and outline. This list is in priority
+order -- results of comparing earlier elements of this list weigh more
+heavily than later elements.
+.PP
+There is one special case to this rule; family names are split into two
+bindings; strong and weak. Strong family names are given greater precedence
+in the match than lang elements while weak family names are given lower
+precedence than lang elements. This permits the document language to drive
+font selection when any document specified font is unavailable.
+.PP
+The pattern representing that font is augmented to include any properties
+found in the pattern but not found in the font itself; this permits the
+application to pass rendering instructions or any other data through the
+matching system. Finally, the list of editing instructions specific to
+fonts found in the configuration are applied to the pattern. This modified
+pattern is returned to the application.
+.PP
+The return value contains sufficient information to locate and rasterize the
+font, including the file name, pixel size and other rendering data. As
+none of the information involved pertains to the FreeType library,
+applications are free to use any rasterization engine or even to take
+the identified font file and access it directly.
+.PP
+The match/edit sequences in the configuration are performed in two passes
+because there are essentially two different operations necessary -- the
+first is to modify how fonts are selected; aliasing families and adding
+suitable defaults. The second is to modify how the selected fonts are
+rasterized. Those must apply to the selected font, not the original pattern
+as false matches will often occur.
+.SS "FONT NAMES"
+.PP
+Fontconfig provides a textual representation for patterns that the library
+can both accept and generate. The representation is in three parts, first a
+list of family names, second a list of point sizes and finally a list of
+additional properties:
+.sp
+.nf
+	<families>-<point sizes>:<name1>=<values1>:<name2>=<values2>\&...
+    
+.sp
+.fi
+.PP
+Values in a list are separated with commas. The name needn't include either
+families or point sizes; they can be elided. In addition, there are
+symbolic constants that simultaneously indicate both a name and a value.
+Here are some examples:
+.sp
+.nf
+  Name                            Meaning
+  ----------------------------------------------------------
+  Times-12                        12 point Times Roman
+  Times-12:bold                   12 point Times Bold
+  Courier:italic                  Courier Italic in the default size
+  Monospace:matrix=1 .1 0 1       The users preferred monospace font
+                                  with artificial obliquing
+    
+.sp
+.fi
+.PP
+The '\\', '-', ':' and ',' characters in family names must be preceeded by a
+\&'\\' character to avoid having them misinterpreted. Similarly, values
+containing '\\', '=', '_', ':' and ',' must also have them preceeded by a
+\&'\\' character. The '\\' characters are stripped out of the family name and
+values as the font name is read.
+.SH "DEBUGGING APPLICATIONS"
+.PP
+To help diagnose font and applications problems, fontconfig is built with a
+large amount of internal debugging left enabled. It is controlled by means
+of the FC_DEBUG environment variable. The value of this variable is
+interpreted as a number, and each bit within that value controls different
+debugging messages.
+.sp
+.nf
+  Name         Value    Meaning
+  ---------------------------------------------------------
+  MATCH            1    Brief information about font matching
+  MATCHV           2    Extensive font matching information
+  EDIT             4    Monitor match/test/edit execution
+  FONTSET          8    Track loading of font information at startup
+  CACHE           16    Watch cache files being written
+  CACHEV          32    Extensive cache file writing information
+  PARSE           64    (no longer in use)
+  SCAN           128    Watch font files being scanned to build caches
+  SCANV          256    Verbose font file scanning information
+  MEMORY         512    Monitor fontconfig memory usage
+  CONFIG        1024    Monitor which config files are loaded
+  LANGSET       2048    Dump char sets used to construct lang values
+  OBJTYPES      4096    Display message when value typechecks fail
+  
+.sp
+.fi
+.PP
+Add the value of the desired debug levels together and assign that (in
+base 10) to the FC_DEBUG environment variable before running the
+application. Output from these statements is sent to stdout.
+.SH "LANG TAGS"
+.PP
+Each font in the database contains a list of languages it supports. This is
+computed by comparing the Unicode coverage of the font with the orthography
+of each language. Languages are tagged using an RFC-3066 compatible naming
+and occur in two parts -- the ISO 639 language tag followed a hyphen and then
+by the ISO 3166 country code. The hyphen and country code may be elided.
+.PP
+Fontconfig has orthographies for several languages built into the library.
+No provision has been made for adding new ones aside from rebuilding the
+library. It currently supports 122 of the 139 languages named in ISO 639-1,
+141 of the languages with two-letter codes from ISO 639-2 and another 30
+languages with only three-letter codes. Languages with both two and three
+letter codes are provided with only the two letter code.
+.PP
+For languages used in multiple territories with radically different
+character sets, fontconfig includes per-territory orthographies. This
+includes Azerbaijani, Kurdish, Pashto, Tigrinya and Chinese.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION FILE FORMAT"
+.PP
+Configuration files for fontconfig are stored in XML format; this
+format makes external configuration tools easier to write and ensures that
+they will generate syntactically correct configuration files. As XML
+files are plain text, they can also be manipulated by the expert user using
+a text editor.
+.PP
+The fontconfig document type definition resides in the external entity
+"fonts.dtd"; this is normally stored in the default font configuration
+directory (/etc/fonts). Each configuration file should contain the
+following structure:
+.sp
+.nf
+	<?xml version="1.0"?>
+	<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd">
+	<fontconfig>
+\&...
+	</fontconfig>
+    
+.sp
+.fi
+.SS "<FONTCONFIG>"
+.PP
+This is the top level element for a font configuration and can contain
+<dir>, <cache>, <include>, <match> and <alias> elements in any order.
+.SS "<DIR>"
+.PP
+This element contains a directory name which will be scanned for font files
+to include in the set of available fonts.
+.SS "<CACHE>"
+.PP
+This element contains a file name for the per-user cache of font
+information. If it starts with '~', it refers to a file in the users
+home directory. This file is used to hold information about fonts that
+isn't present in the per-directory cache files. It is automatically
+maintained by the fontconfig library. The default for this file 
+is ``~/.fonts.cache-<version>\&'', where <version> is the font configuration
+file version number (currently 2).
+.SS "<INCLUDE IGNORE_MISSING=\&"NO\&">"
+.PP
+This element contains the name of an additional configuration file or
+directory. If a directory, every file within that directory starting with an
+ASCII digit (U+0030 - U+0039) and ending with the string ``.conf'' will be processed in sorted order. When
+the XML datatype is traversed by FcConfigParse, the contents of the file(s)
+will also be incorporated into the configuration by passing the filename(s) to
+FcConfigLoadAndParse. If 'ignore_missing' is set to "yes" instead of the
+default "no", a missing file or directory will elicit no warning message from
+the library.
+.SS "<CONFIG>"
+.PP
+This element provides a place to consolidate additional configuration
+information. <config> can contain <blank> and <rescan> elements in any
+order.
+.SS "<BLANK>"
+.PP
+Fonts often include "broken" glyphs which appear in the encoding but are
+drawn as blanks on the screen. Within the <blank> element, place each
+Unicode characters which is supposed to be blank in an <int> element.
+Characters outside of this set which are drawn as blank will be elided from
+the set of characters supported by the font.
+.SS "<RESCAN>"
+.PP
+The <rescan> element holds an <int> element which indicates the default
+interval between automatic checks for font configuration changes.
+Fontconfig will validate all of the configuration files and directories and
+automatically rebuild the internal datastructures when this interval passes.
+.SS "<SELECTFONT>"
+.PP
+This element is used to black/white list fonts from being listed or matched
+against. It holds acceptfont and rejectfont elements.
+.SS "<ACCEPTFONT>"
+.PP
+Fonts matched by an acceptfont element are "whitelisted"; such fonts are
+explicitly included in the set of fonts used to resolve list and match
+requests; including them in this list protects them from being "blacklisted"
+by a rejectfont element. Acceptfont elements include glob and pattern
+elements which are used to match fonts.
+.SS "<REJECTFONT>"
+.PP
+Fonts matched by an rejectfont element are "blacklisted"; such fonts are
+excluded from the set of fonts used to resolve list and match requests as if
+they didn't exist in the system. Rejectfont elements include glob and
+pattern elements which are used to match fonts.
+.SS "<GLOB>"
+.PP
+Glob elements hold shell-style filename matching patterns (including ? and
+*) which match fonts based on their complete pathnames. This can be used to
+exclude a set of directories (/usr/share/fonts/uglyfont*), or particular
+font file types (*.pcf.gz), but the latter mechanism relies rather heavily
+on filenaming conventions which can't be relied upon. Note that globs
+only apply to directories, not to individual fonts.
+.SS "<PATTERN>"
+.PP
+Pattern elements perform list-style matching on incoming fonts; that is,
+they hold a list of elements and associated values. If all of those
+elements have a matching value, then the pattern matches the font. This can
+be used to select fonts based on attributes of the font (scalable, bold,
+etc), which is a more reliable mechanism than using file extensions.
+Pattern elements include patelt elements.
+.SS "<PATELT NAME=\&"PROPERTY\&">"
+.PP
+Patelt elements hold a single pattern element and list of values. They must
+have a 'name' attribute which indicates the pattern element name. Patelt
+elements include int, double, string, matrix, bool, charset and const
+elements.
+.SS "<MATCH TARGET=\&"PATTERN\&">"
+.PP
+This element holds first a (possibly empty) list of <test> elements and then
+a (possibly empty) list of <edit> elements. Patterns which match all of the
+tests are subjected to all the edits. If 'target' is set to "font" instead
+of the default "pattern", then this element applies to the font name
+resulting from a match rather than a font pattern to be matched. If 'target'
+is set to "scan", then this element applies when the font is scanned to
+build the fontconfig database.
+.SS "<TEST QUAL=\&"ANY\&" NAME=\&"PROPERTY\&" TARGET=\&"DEFAULT\&" COMPARE=\&"EQ\&">"
+.PP
+This element contains a single value which is compared with the target
+('pattern', 'font', 'scan' or 'default') property "property" (substitute any of the property names seen 
+above). 'compare' can be one of "eq", "not_eq", "less", "less_eq", "more", or
+"more_eq". 'qual' may either be the default, "any", in which case the match
+succeeds if any value associated with the property matches the test value, or
+"all", in which case all of the values associated with the property must
+match the test value. When used in a <match target="font"> element,
+the target= attribute in the <test> element selects between matching
+the original pattern or the font. "default" selects whichever target the
+outer <match> element has selected.
+.SS "<EDIT NAME=\&"PROPERTY\&" MODE=\&"ASSIGN\&" BINDING=\&"WEAK\&">"
+.PP
+This element contains a list of expression elements (any of the value or
+operator elements). The expression elements are evaluated at run-time and
+modify the property "property". The modification depends on whether
+"property" was matched by one of the associated <test> elements, if so, the
+modification may affect the first matched value. Any values inserted into
+the property are given the indicated binding ("strong", "weak" or "same")
+with "same" binding using the value from the matched pattern element.
+\&'mode' is one of:
+.sp
+.nf
+  Mode                    With Match              Without Match
+  ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+  "assign"                Replace matching value  Replace all values
+  "assign_replace"        Replace all values      Replace all values
+  "prepend"               Insert before matching  Insert at head of list
+  "prepend_first"         Insert at head of list  Insert at head of list
+  "append"                Append after matching   Append at end of list
+  "append_last"           Append at end of list   Append at end of list
+    
+.sp
+.fi
+.SS "<INT>, <DOUBLE>, <STRING>, <BOOL>"
+.PP
+These elements hold a single value of the indicated type. <bool>
+elements hold either true or false. An important limitation exists in
+the parsing of floating point numbers -- fontconfig requires that
+the mantissa start with a digit, not a decimal point, so insert a leading
+zero for purely fractional values (e.g. use 0.5 instead of .5 and -0.5
+instead of -.5).
+.SS "<MATRIX>"
+.PP
+This element holds the four <double> elements of an affine
+transformation.
+.SS "<NAME>"
+.PP
+Holds a property name. Evaluates to the first value from the property of
+the font, not the pattern.
+.SS "<CONST>"
+.PP
+Holds the name of a constant; these are always integers and serve as
+symbolic names for common font values:
+.sp
+.nf
+  Constant        Property        Value
+  -------------------------------------
+  thin            weight          0
+  extralight      weight          40
+  ultralight      weight          40
+  light           weight          50
+  book            weight          75
+  regular         weight          80
+  normal          weight          80
+  medium          weight          100
+  demibold        weight          180
+  semibold        weight          180
+  bold            weight          200
+  extrabold       weight          205
+  black           weight          210
+  heavy           weight          210
+  roman           slant           0
+  italic          slant           100
+  oblique         slant           110
+  ultracondensed  width           50
+  extracondensed  width           63
+  condensed       width           75
+  semicondensed   width           87
+  normal          width           100
+  semiexpanded    width           113
+  expanded        width           125
+  extraexpanded   width           150
+  ultraexpanded   width           200
+  proportional    spacing         0
+  dual            spacing         90
+  mono            spacing         100
+  charcell        spacing         110
+  unknown         rgba            0
+  rgb             rgba            1
+  bgr             rgba            2
+  vrgb            rgba            3
+  vbgr            rgba            4
+  none            rgba            5
+  lcdnone         lcdfilter       0
+  lcddefault      lcdfilter       1
+  lcdlight        lcdfilter       2
+  lcdlegacy       lcdfilter       3
+  hintnone        hintstyle       0
+  hintslight      hintstyle       1
+  hintmedium      hintstyle       2
+  hintfull        hintstyle       3
+    
+.sp
+.fi
+.SS "<OR>, <AND>, <PLUS>, <MINUS>, <TIMES>, <DIVIDE>"
+.PP
+These elements perform the specified operation on a list of expression
+elements. <or> and <and> are boolean, not bitwise.
+.SS "<EQ>, <NOT_EQ>, <LESS>, <LESS_EQ>, <MORE>, <MORE_EQ>"
+.PP
+These elements compare two values, producing a boolean result.
+.SS "<NOT>"
+.PP
+Inverts the boolean sense of its one expression element
+.SS "<IF>"
+.PP
+This element takes three expression elements; if the value of the first is
+true, it produces the value of the second, otherwise it produces the value
+of the third.
+.SS "<ALIAS>"
+.PP
+Alias elements provide a shorthand notation for the set of common match
+operations needed to substitute one font family for another. They contain a
+<family> element followed by optional <prefer>, <accept> and <default>
+elements. Fonts matching the <family> element are edited to prepend the
+list of <prefer>ed families before the matching <family>, append the
+<accept>able families after the matching <family> and append the <default>
+families to the end of the family list.
+.SS "<FAMILY>"
+.PP
+Holds a single font family name
+.SS "<PREFER>, <ACCEPT>, <DEFAULT>"
+.PP
+These hold a list of <family> elements to be used by the <alias> element.
+.SH "EXAMPLE CONFIGURATION FILE"
+.SS "SYSTEM CONFIGURATION FILE"
+.PP
+This is an example of a system-wide configuration file
+.sp
+.nf
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd">
+<!-- /etc/fonts/fonts.conf file to configure system font access -->
+<fontconfig>
+<!-- 
+	Find fonts in these directories
+-->
+<dir>/usr/share/fonts</dir>
+<dir>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts</dir>
+
+<!--
+	Accept deprecated 'mono' alias, replacing it with 'monospace'
+-->
+<match target="pattern">
+	<test qual="any" name="family"><string>mono</string></test>
+	<edit name="family" mode="assign"><string>monospace</string></edit>
+</match>
+
+<!--
+	Names not including any well known alias are given 'sans'
+-->
+<match target="pattern">
+	<test qual="all" name="family" mode="not_eq">sans</test>
+	<test qual="all" name="family" mode="not_eq">serif</test>
+	<test qual="all" name="family" mode="not_eq">monospace</test>
+	<edit name="family" mode="append_last"><string>sans</string></edit>
+</match>
+
+<!--
+	Load per-user customization file, but don't complain
+	if it doesn't exist
+-->
+<include ignore_missing="yes">~/.fonts.conf</include>
+
+<!--
+	Load local customization files, but don't complain
+	if there aren't any
+-->
+<include ignore_missing="yes">conf.d</include>
+<include ignore_missing="yes">local.conf</include>
+
+<!--
+	Alias well known font names to available TrueType fonts.
+	These substitute TrueType faces for similar Type1
+	faces to improve screen appearance.
+-->
+<alias>
+	<family>Times</family>
+	<prefer><family>Times New Roman</family></prefer>
+	<default><family>serif</family></default>
+</alias>
+<alias>
+	<family>Helvetica</family>
+	<prefer><family>Arial</family></prefer>
+	<default><family>sans</family></default>
+</alias>
+<alias>
+	<family>Courier</family>
+	<prefer><family>Courier New</family></prefer>
+	<default><family>monospace</family></default>
+</alias>
+
+<!--
+	Provide required aliases for standard names
+	Do these after the users configuration file so that
+	any aliases there are used preferentially
+-->
+<alias>
+	<family>serif</family>
+	<prefer><family>Times New Roman</family></prefer>
+</alias>
+<alias>
+	<family>sans</family>
+	<prefer><family>Arial</family></prefer>
+</alias>
+<alias>
+	<family>monospace</family>
+	<prefer><family>Andale Mono</family></prefer>
+</alias>
+</fontconfig>
+    
+.sp
+.fi
+.SS "USER CONFIGURATION FILE"
+.PP
+This is an example of a per-user configuration file that lives in
+~/.fonts.conf
+.sp
+.nf
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd">
+<!-- ~/.fonts.conf for per-user font configuration -->
+<fontconfig>
+
+<!--
+	Private font directory
+-->
+<dir>~/.fonts</dir>
+
+<!--
+	use rgb sub-pixel ordering to improve glyph appearance on
+	LCD screens.  Changes affecting rendering, but not matching
+	should always use target="font".
+-->
+<match target="font">
+	<edit name="rgba" mode="assign"><const>rgb</const></edit>
+</match>
+</fontconfig>
+    
+.sp
+.fi
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+\fBfonts.conf\fR
+contains configuration information for the fontconfig library
+consisting of directories to look at for font information as well as
+instructions on editing program specified font patterns before attempting to
+match the available fonts. It is in xml format.
+.PP
+\fBconf.d\fR
+is the conventional name for a directory of additional configuration files
+managed by external applications or the local administrator. The
+filenames starting with decimal digits are sorted in lexicographic order
+and used as additional configuration files. All of these files are in xml
+format. The master fonts.conf file references this directory in an 
+<include> directive.
+.PP
+\fBfonts.dtd\fR
+is a DTD that describes the format of the configuration files.
+.PP
+\fB~/.fonts.conf.d\fR
+is the conventional name for a per-user directory of (typically
+auto-generated) configuration files, although the
+actual location is specified in the global fonts.conf file.
+.PP
+\fB~/.fonts.conf\fR
+is the conventional location for per-user font configuration, although the
+actual location is specified in the global fonts.conf file.
+.PP
+\fB~/.fonts.cache-*\fR
+is the conventional repository of font information that isn't found in the
+per-directory caches. This file is automatically maintained by fontconfig.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+fc-cat(1), fc-cache(1), fc-list(1), fc-match(1), fc-query(1)
+.SH "VERSION"
+.PP
+Fontconfig version 2.8.0