bzync-nextsql 0.1.0

checksums.yaml

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data/LICENSE

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+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2026 Bzync Software Development Services
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

data/README.md

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+# bzync-nextsql
+
+Official [NextSQL](https://nextsql.bzync.com) driver for Ruby 3.0+. Speaks the native
+NSQL v1 wire protocol over TLS 1.3. Pure standard library — no runtime gems.
+
+Encryption keys and passwords are **never** accepted in a connection URL.
+
+```bash
+gem install bzync-nextsql
+```
+
+```ruby
+require "nextsql"
+
+conn = NextSQL.connect(NextSQL::Config.new(
+  address: "db.example.com:7210",
+  database: "production",
+  user: "app",
+  password: ENV["NEXTSQL_DATABASE_PASS"],
+  tls: NextSQL::TLSConfig.new(cafile: "/etc/nextsql/ca.pem", server_name: "db.example.com"),
+))
+
+begin
+  result = conn.exec("SELECT id, name FROM users WHERE id = $1", [1])
+  result.rows.each { |row| puts row.inspect }
+ensure
+  conn.close
+end
+```
+
+Plaintext connections are allowed only on loopback. For an HA cluster with
+follower-read routing, use `NextSQL.connect_cluster`.
+
+- Full driver docs: <https://nextsql.bzync.com/docs/drivers>
+- Wire protocol: <https://github.com/bzync/nextsql/blob/master/docs/protocol.md>
+
+MIT licensed.

data/lib/nextsql/client.rb

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+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Official NextSQL Ruby driver. Speaks the native NSQL v1 protocol.
+#
+# Encryption keys and passwords are never accepted in a URL.
+
+require "socket"
+require "openssl"
+
+require_relative "protocol"
+require_relative "errors"
+
+module NextSQL
+  # TLS options for a remote connection. +ca+ is PEM text/bytes; omit both
+  # +ca+ and +cafile+ to use the system trust store. Set
+  # +reject_unauthorized: false+ only for local testing against a
+  # self-signed certificate — never in production.
+  TLSConfig = Struct.new(:ca, :cafile, :server_name, :reject_unauthorized, :client_cert, :client_key,
+                          keyword_init: true) do
+    def initialize(**kwargs)
+      super({ reject_unauthorized: true }.merge(kwargs))
+    end
+  end
+
+  Config = Struct.new(:address, :nodes, :database, :realm, :user, :password, :key, :key_version, :tls,
+                       :insecure_no_tls, :read_consistency, :max_staleness_ms, :timeout, keyword_init: true) do
+    def initialize(**kwargs)
+      defaults = {
+        address: "", nodes: [], database: "", realm: "", user: "", password: "",
+        key: nil, key_version: 1, tls: nil, insecure_no_tls: false,
+        read_consistency: Protocol::READ_STRONG, max_staleness_ms: 0, timeout: 60.0
+      }
+      super(defaults.merge(kwargs))
+    end
+  end
+
+  Result = Struct.new(:columns, :rows, :affected)
+
+  # A single connection to one NextSQL node. Not safe for concurrent use
+  # from multiple threads/fibers — open one Connection per worker, or use
+  # +Cluster+ which pools one connection per node.
+  class Connection
+    LOOPBACK_RE = /\A127\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\z/.freeze
+    CONNECT_TIMEOUT = 10.0
+
+    class << self
+      def connect(cfg)
+        new(cfg)
+      end
+
+      def split_host_port(addr, allow_bare: false)
+        if addr.start_with?("[")
+          e = addr.index("]")
+          raise Error.new("invalid_argument", "invalid address") unless e
+
+          host = addr[1...e]
+          rest = addr[(e + 1)..]
+          return [host, rest[1..].to_i] if rest.start_with?(":")
+          return [host, 0] if allow_bare
+
+          raise Error.new("invalid_argument", "address requires a port")
+        end
+        i = addr.rindex(":")
+        if i.nil?
+          return [addr, 0] if allow_bare
+
+          raise Error.new("invalid_argument", "address requires a port")
+        end
+        [addr[0...i], addr[(i + 1)..].to_i]
+      end
+
+      def loopback?(addr)
+        host, = split_host_port(addr, allow_bare: true)
+        host = host.strip.downcase
+        return true if host == "localhost"
+        return true if %w[::1 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1].include?(host)
+
+        LOOPBACK_RE.match?(host)
+      end
+
+      def validate_config!(cfg)
+        raise Error.new("invalid_argument", "address is required") if cfg.address.to_s.empty?
+
+        addr = cfg.address.downcase
+        if addr.include?("://") || addr.include?("key=") || addr.include?("password=")
+          raise Error.new("invalid_argument", "keys and credentials must not be passed in a URL")
+        end
+        if cfg.tls.nil? && !cfg.insecure_no_tls
+          raise Error.new("invalid_argument", "TLS is required for remote connections")
+        end
+        if cfg.insecure_no_tls && !loopback?(cfg.address)
+          raise Error.new("invalid_argument", "plaintext is only allowed on loopback")
+        end
+        raise Error.new("invalid_argument", "user is required") if cfg.user.to_s.empty?
+      end
+
+      LEADING_WS_RE = /\A[ \t\r\n(]+/.freeze
+
+      def strip_leading(s) = s.sub(LEADING_WS_RE, "")
+
+      def txn_control(sql)
+        up = strip_leading(sql).upcase
+        begin_ = up.start_with?("BEGIN") || up.start_with?("START TRANSACTION")
+        end_ = up.start_with?("COMMIT") || up.start_with?("ROLLBACK")
+        [begin_, end_]
+      end
+
+      # Conservative check: a false negative only costs a leader round trip,
+      # and a false positive self-corrects on the leader. EXPLAIN is
+      # excluded because EXPLAIN ANALYZE executes its statement.
+      def read_only_sql?(sql)
+        s = strip_leading(sql)
+        while s.start_with?("--")
+          i = s.index("\n")
+          return false unless i
+
+          s = strip_leading(s[(i + 1)..])
+        end
+        up = s.upcase
+        return true if up.start_with?("SELECT") || up.start_with?("SHOW")
+        return %w[INSERT UPDATE DELETE UPSERT].none? { |kw| up.include?(kw) } if up.start_with?("WITH")
+
+        false
+      end
+
+      def dial(cfg)
+        host, port = split_host_port(cfg.address)
+        raw = begin
+          Socket.tcp(host, port, connect_timeout: CONNECT_TIMEOUT)
+        rescue SocketError, SystemCallError, IOError => e
+          raise Error.new("io", e.message)
+        end
+        raw.setsockopt(Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, Socket::TCP_NODELAY, 1)
+        return raw if cfg.tls.nil?
+
+        tls = cfg.tls
+        ctx = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext.new
+        ctx.min_version = OpenSSL::SSL::TLS1_3_VERSION
+        if tls.reject_unauthorized == false
+          ctx.verify_mode = OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE
+        else
+          ctx.verify_mode = OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER
+          if tls.ca
+            ctx.cert_store = OpenSSL::X509::Store.new
+            ctx.cert_store.add_cert(OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new(tls.ca))
+          elsif tls.cafile
+            ctx.ca_file = tls.cafile
+          else
+            ctx.cert_store = OpenSSL::X509::Store.new
+            ctx.cert_store.set_default_paths
+          end
+        end
+        if tls.client_cert
+          ctx.cert = OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new(File.read(tls.client_cert))
+          ctx.key = OpenSSL::PKey.read(File.read(tls.client_key))
+        end
+        ssl = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket.new(raw, ctx)
+        ssl.hostname = tls.server_name || host
+        begin
+          ssl.connect
+        rescue OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError => e
+          raw.close
+          raise Error.new("protocol", "tls handshake: #{e.message}")
+        end
+        ssl
+      end
+    end
+
+    def initialize(cfg)
+      self.class.validate_config!(cfg)
+      @cfg = cfg
+      @sock = self.class.dial(cfg)
+      @secret = "".b
+      @busy = false
+      begin
+        handshake
+        set_read_consistency(cfg.read_consistency, cfg.max_staleness_ms) if cfg.read_consistency != Protocol::READ_STRONG
+      rescue StandardError
+        @sock&.close
+        raise
+      end
+    end
+
+    def set_read_consistency(mode, max_staleness_ms = 0)
+      raise Error.new("conflict", "connection is busy") if @busy
+
+      write_frame(Protocol::TYPE_SET_READ_CONSISTENCY, Protocol.encode_set_read_consistency(mode, max_staleness_ms))
+      read_ack
+    end
+
+    def node_status
+      raise Error.new("conflict", "connection is busy") if @busy
+
+      write_frame(Protocol::TYPE_NODE_STATUS, "")
+      typ, payload = read_frame
+      raise unexpected(typ, payload) if typ != Protocol::TYPE_NODE_STATUS_RESP
+
+      st = Protocol.decode_node_status(payload)
+      expect_ready
+      st
+    end
+
+    def exec(sql, params = [])
+      query(sql, params).collect
+    end
+
+    def query(sql, params = [])
+      raise Error.new("unavailable", "connection closed") if @sock.nil?
+      raise Error.new("conflict", "connection is busy") if @busy
+
+      @busy = true
+      begin
+        write_frame(Protocol::TYPE_QUERY, Protocol.encode_query(sql, params))
+        read_rows
+      rescue StandardError
+        @busy = false
+        raise
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Executes a retryable mutation under a durable idempotency key: a
+    # retried call with the same key replays the original result instead of
+    # re-executing. See docs/sql.md / docs/protocol.md.
+    def exec_idempotent(key, sql, params = [])
+      query_idempotent(key, sql, params).collect
+    end
+
+    def query_idempotent(key, sql, params = [])
+      raise Error.new("conflict", "connection is busy") if @busy
+
+      @busy = true
+      begin
+        write_frame(Protocol::TYPE_IDEMPOTENT_QUERY, Protocol.encode_idempotent_query(key, sql, params))
+        read_rows
+      rescue StandardError
+        @busy = false
+        raise
+      end
+    end
+
+    def prepare(sql)
+      raise Error.new("conflict", "connection is busy") if @busy
+
+      write_frame(Protocol::TYPE_PREPARE, Protocol.u32bytes(sql.b, Protocol::MAX_SQL))
+      typ, payload = read_frame
+      raise unexpected(typ, payload) if typ != Protocol::TYPE_PREPARE_OK
+      raise Error.new("protocol", "bad prepare-ok length") unless payload.bytesize == 4
+
+      stmt_id = Protocol.u32(payload, 0)
+      expect_ready
+      Statement.new(self, stmt_id)
+    end
+
+    def execute_prepared(stmt_id, params)
+      raise Error.new("conflict", "connection is busy") if @busy
+
+      @busy = true
+      begin
+        write_frame(Protocol::TYPE_EXECUTE, Protocol.encode_execute(stmt_id, params))
+        read_rows
+      rescue StandardError
+        @busy = false
+        raise
+      end
+    end
+
+    def close_statement(stmt_id)
+      raise Error.new("conflict", "connection is busy") if @busy
+
+      write_frame(Protocol::TYPE_CLOSE_STMT, Protocol.u32le(stmt_id))
+      typ, payload = read_frame
+      raise unexpected(typ, payload) if typ != Protocol::TYPE_CLOSE_OK
+
+      expect_ready
+    end
+
+    # Cancels the statement currently running on this connection, from a
+    # second, independent connection carrying this connection's secret.
+    # Safe to call from another thread while +query+/+exec+ blocks.
+    def cancel
+      raise Error.new("unavailable", "not connected") if @secret.empty?
+
+      side = self.class.dial(@cfg)
+      begin
+        tmp = self.class.allocate
+        tmp.instance_variable_set(:@sock, side)
+        tmp.instance_variable_set(:@busy, false)
+        tmp.write_frame(Protocol::TYPE_HELLO,
+                         Protocol.encode_hello(Protocol::VERSION, Protocol::FLAG_CANCEL, @secret, "", ""))
+        typ, payload = tmp.read_frame
+        raise unexpected(typ, payload) if typ != Protocol::TYPE_READY
+      ensure
+        side.close
+      end
+    end
+
+    def close
+      return if @sock.nil?
+
+      begin
+        write_frame(Protocol::TYPE_TERMINATE, "")
+      rescue Error
+        nil
+      end
+      @sock.close
+      @sock = nil
+    end
+
+    def busy? = @busy
+    def release_busy! = (@busy = false)
+
+    # --- wire plumbing shared with Rows/Statement (internal API: stable
+    # within this driver, not part of the public Connection surface) ---
+
+    # Decodes an out-of-band Error frame (or reports a genuine protocol
+    # violation) for a call site checking "did I get what I expected?".
+    # writeErrReady on the server always sends Error then Ready — every
+    # call site funnels through here specifically so that trailing Ready
+    # is always drained in one place, rather than each of query/prepare/
+    # close_statement/etc. having to remember to do it individually (a
+    # per-call-site version of this is exactly the shape of bug this
+    # centralizes away).
+    def unexpected(typ, payload)
+      if typ == Protocol::TYPE_ERROR
+        err = Protocol.decode_error(payload)
+        begin
+          expect_ready
+        rescue Error
+          # Best-effort: surface the original application error even if
+          # draining the trailing Ready itself fails (e.g. the connection
+          # is now genuinely broken).
+        end
+        return err
+      end
+      Error.new("protocol", "unexpected message type")
+    end
+
+    def expect_ready
+      typ, payload = read_frame
+      raise unexpected(typ, payload) if typ != Protocol::TYPE_READY
+    end
+
+    def read_frame
+      hdr = read_exact(12)
+      raise Error.new("protocol", "bad magic") unless hdr.byteslice(0, 4) == "NSQL"
+      raise Error.new("protocol", "unsupported protocol version") unless Protocol.u16(hdr, 4) == Protocol::VERSION
+
+      typ = hdr.getbyte(6)
+      raise Error.new("protocol", "invalid message type") if typ.zero?
+
+      n = Protocol.u32(hdr, 8)
+      raise Error.new("protocol", "packet exceeds limit") if n > Protocol::MAX_PACKET
+
+      payload = n.zero? ? "".b : read_exact(n)
+      [typ, payload]
+    end
+
+    def write_frame(typ, payload)
+      raise Error.new("protocol", "payload exceeds packet limit") if payload.bytesize > Protocol::MAX_PACKET
+
+      hdr = +"NSQL".b
+      hdr << Protocol.u16le(Protocol::VERSION)
+      hdr << typ.chr << "\x00"
+      hdr << Protocol.u32le(payload.bytesize)
+      write_all(hdr + payload)
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def handshake
+      cfg = @cfg
+      write_frame(Protocol::TYPE_HELLO, Protocol.encode_hello(Protocol::VERSION, 0, "\x00" * 8, cfg.database, cfg.user, cfg.realm))
+      typ, payload = read_frame
+      raise unexpected(typ, payload) if typ != Protocol::TYPE_HELLO_OK
+
+      _version, auth_method, secret = Protocol.decode_hello_ok(payload)
+      @secret = secret
+      write_frame(Protocol::TYPE_AUTH, Protocol.u16str(cfg.password))
+      typ, payload = read_frame
+      raise unexpected(typ, payload) if typ != Protocol::TYPE_AUTH_OK
+
+      if auth_method == Protocol::AUTH_PASSWORD_KEY
+        unless cfg.key && cfg.key.bytesize == 32
+          raise Error.new("unauthorized", "server requires a client-held key")
+        end
+
+        mat = Protocol.u32le(cfg.key_version) + cfg.key
+        write_frame(Protocol::TYPE_UNLOCK, mat)
+        typ, payload = read_frame
+        raise unexpected(typ, payload) if typ != Protocol::TYPE_UNLOCK_OK
+      end
+      typ, payload = read_frame
+      raise unexpected(typ, payload) if typ != Protocol::TYPE_READY
+    end
+
+    def read_rows
+      typ, payload = read_frame
+      if typ == Protocol::TYPE_ROW_DESC
+        return Rows.new(self, Protocol.decode_row_desc(payload))
+      end
+      if typ == Protocol::TYPE_COMMAND_COMPLETE
+        rows = Rows.new(self, [])
+        rows.affected = Protocol.decode_command_complete(payload)
+        expect_ready
+        @busy = false
+        rows.mark_closed!
+        return rows
+      end
+      err = unexpected(typ, payload)
+      @busy = false
+      raise err
+    end
+
+    def read_ack
+      typ, payload = read_frame
+      return if typ == Protocol::TYPE_READY
+
+      raise unexpected(typ, payload)
+    end
+
+    def read_exact(n)
+      return "".b if n.zero?
+
+      begin
+        @sock.read(n) || (raise Error.new("unavailable", "connection closed"))
+      rescue IOError, SystemCallError, OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError => e
+        raise Error.new("io", e.message)
+      end.tap do |got|
+        raise Error.new("unavailable", "connection closed") if got.bytesize != n
+      end
+    end
+
+    def write_all(data)
+      @sock.write(data)
+    rescue IOError, SystemCallError, OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError => e
+      raise Error.new("io", e.message)
+    end
+  end
+
+  # A streaming query result. Iterate directly, or call +collect+ for a
+  # materialized +Result+.
+  class Rows
+    include Enumerable
+
+    attr_reader :columns
+    attr_accessor :affected
+
+    def initialize(conn, columns)
+      @conn = conn
+      @columns = columns.map(&:name)
+      @affected = 0
+      @batch = []
+      @i = -1
+      @done = columns.empty?
+      @closed = false
+      @err = nil
+    end
+
+    def next?
+      return false if @closed || @err
+
+      if @i + 1 < @batch.size
+        @i += 1
+        return true
+      end
+      return false if @done
+
+      begin
+        fill
+      rescue Error => e
+        @err = e
+        return false
+      end
+      if @i + 1 < @batch.size
+        @i += 1
+        return true
+      end
+      false
+    end
+
+    def values
+      return nil if @i.negative? || @i >= @batch.size
+
+      @batch[@i]
+    end
+
+    def err = @err
+
+    def each
+      return enum_for(:each) unless block_given?
+
+      begin
+        while next?
+          row = values
+          yield row if row
+        end
+        raise @err if @err
+      ensure
+        close unless @closed
+      end
+    end
+
+    def close
+      nil while next?
+      finish unless @closed
+      if @err
+        e = @err
+        @err = nil
+        raise e
+      end
+    end
+
+    def collect
+      out = []
+      begin
+        while next?
+          row = values
+          out << row if row
+        end
+        raise @err if @err
+      ensure
+        close unless @closed
+      end
+      Result.new(@columns, out, @affected)
+    end
+
+    def mark_closed!
+      @closed = true
+      @done = true
+    end
+
+    # @api private
+    def fill
+      @conn.write_frame(Protocol::TYPE_FLOW_ACK, "") if !@done && !@batch.empty?
+      typ, payload = @conn.read_frame
+      if typ == Protocol::TYPE_DATA_BATCH
+        @batch = Protocol.decode_data_batch(payload)
+        @i = -1
+        return
+      end
+      if typ == Protocol::TYPE_COMMAND_COMPLETE
+        @affected = Protocol.decode_command_complete(payload)
+        @done = true
+        @batch = []
+        @i = -1
+        @conn.expect_ready
+        finish
+        return
+      end
+      raise @conn.unexpected(typ, payload)
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def finish
+      @conn.release_busy! unless @closed
+      @closed = true
+    end
+  end
+
+  # A prepared statement. Close it when done, or wrap it in +with_statement+
+  # for automatic cleanup.
+  class Statement
+    def initialize(conn, stmt_id)
+      @conn = conn
+      @id = stmt_id
+    end
+
+    def query(params = [])
+      @conn.execute_prepared(@id, params)
+    end
+
+    def exec(params = [])
+      query(params).collect
+    end
+
+    def close
+      return if @id.zero?
+
+      @conn.close_statement(@id)
+      @id = 0
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Prepares +sql+ on +conn+, yields the Statement, and closes it
+  # afterward even if the block raises.
+  def self.with_statement(conn, sql)
+    stmt = conn.prepare(sql)
+    begin
+      yield stmt
+    ensure
+      stmt.close
+    end
+  end
+end