bwkfanboy 0.0.1 → 0.1.1

data/Rakefile

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ require 'rake/testtask'
 spec = Gem::Specification.new() {|i|
   i.name = "bwkfanboy"
   i.summary = 'A converter from HTML to Atom feed that you can use to watch sites that do not provide its own feed.'
-  i.version = '0.0.1'
+  i.version = '0.1.1'
   i.author = 'Alexander Gromnitsky'
   i.email = 'alexander.gromnitsky@gmail.com'
   i.homepage = 'http://github.com/gromnitsky/bwkfanboy'
@@ -20,11 +20,10 @@ spec = Gem::Specification.new() {|i|
   i.executables = FileList['bin/*'].gsub(/^bin\//, '')
   i.default_executable = i.name
   
-  i.has_rdoc = true
   i.test_files = FileList['test/test_*.rb']
   
   i.rdoc_options << '-m' << 'Bwkfanboy' << '-x' << 'plugins'
-  i.extra_rdoc_files = FileList['bin/*']
+  i.extra_rdoc_files = FileList['bin/*', 'doc/*']
   
   i.add_dependency('activesupport', '>= 3.0.0')
   i.add_dependency('nokogiri', '>=  1.4.3')

data/bin/bwkfanboy

@@ -13,11 +13,10 @@
 #
 # to get some basic help & read about Bwkfanboy module.
 
+require 'shellwords'
 require_relative '../lib/bwkfanboy/parser'
 
 $conf = {
-  prog_name: 'bwkfanboy',
-  prog_ver: '0.0.1',
   mode: 'pipe',
   banner: "Usage: #{File.basename($0)} [options] plugin-name"
 }
@@ -62,7 +61,7 @@ class Plugin # :nodoc: all
     return r
   end
 
-  def load()
+  def load(opt)
     abort($conf[:banner]) unless (@name && @name !~ /^\s*$/)
 
     dirs.each {|i|
@@ -75,7 +74,7 @@ class Plugin # :nodoc: all
     Bwkfanboy::Utils.errx(1, "no such plugin '#{@name}'") if ! @path
     Bwkfanboy::Utils.plugin_load(@path, Bwkfanboy::Meta::PLUGIN_CLASS)
     
-    pn = Page.new()
+    pn = Page.new(opt)
     pn.check()
     return pn
   end
@@ -89,9 +88,11 @@ o.on('-i', 'Show some info about the plugin') { |i| $conf[:mode] = 'info' }
 o.on('-l', 'List all plugins') { |i| $conf[:mode] = 'list' }
 o.on('-p', 'List all plugins paths') { |i| $conf[:mode] = 'path' }
 o.on('-D', '(ignore this) Use URI_DEBUG const instead URI in plugins') { |i| $conf[:mode] = 'debug' }
+o.on('-V', 'Show version & exit.') { |i| $conf[:mode] = 'version' }
 Bwkfanboy::Utils.cl_parse(ARGV, $conf[:banner], o) # run cl parser
 
 plugin = Plugin.new(ARGV[0])
+opt = Bwkfanboy::Utils.plugin_opts(ARGV)
 
 case $conf[:mode]
 when 'list'
@@ -104,13 +105,15 @@ when 'list'
 when 'path'
   plugin.dirs().each {|i| puts i}
 when 'info'
-  plugin.load().dump_info
+  plugin.load(opt).dump_info
+when 'version'
+  puts Bwkfanboy::Meta::VERSION
 else
   # A pipe mode
-  pn = plugin.load()
-  cmd = "./bwkfanboy_fetch | ./bwkfanboy_parse '#{plugin.path}' | ./bwkfanboy_generate"
+  pn = plugin.load(opt)
+  cmd = "./bwkfanboy_fetch | ./bwkfanboy_parse '#{plugin.path}' #{opt.size != 0 ? Shellwords.join(opt) : ''} | ./bwkfanboy_generate"
   if Bwkfanboy::Utils.cfg[:verbose] >= 2 then
-    puts ($conf[:mode] != 'debug' ? pn.class::Meta::URI : pn.class::Meta::URI_DEBUG)
+    puts ($conf[:mode] != 'debug' ? pn.uri() : pn.class::Meta::URI_DEBUG)
     puts cmd
     exit 0
   end
@@ -119,7 +122,7 @@ else
   Dir.chdir(File.dirname(File.expand_path($0)))
   
   pipe = IO.popen(cmd, 'w+')
-  pipe.puts ($conf[:mode] != 'debug' ? pn.class::Meta::URI : pn.class::Meta::URI_DEBUG)
+  pipe.puts ($conf[:mode] != 'debug' ? pn.uri : pn.class::Meta::URI_DEBUG)
   pipe.close_write
   while line = pipe.gets
     puts line

data/bin/bwkfanboy_parse

@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ else
   Bwkfanboy::Utils.plugin_load(ARGV[0], Bwkfanboy::Meta::PLUGIN_CLASS)
 end;
 
-pn = Page.new()
+opt = Bwkfanboy::Utils.plugin_opts(ARGV)
+pn = Page.new(opt)
 pn.check()
 pn.parse()
 

data/bin/bwkfanboy_server

@@ -7,6 +7,12 @@
 #   http://localhost:9042/?p=PLUGIN
 #
 # where +PLUGIN+ is a name of a bwkfanboy's plugin (without '.re' suffix).
+# If the plugin requires additional options you can specify them like:
+#
+#   http://localhost:9042/?p=PLUGIN&o=opt1%20%22opt2%20has%20spaces%22
+#
+# where <tt>opt1%20%22opt2%20has%20spaces%22</tt> is a encoded string
+# <tt>opt1 "opt2 has spaces"</tt>.
 #
 # To list all available plugins, point you browser to
 #
@@ -29,6 +35,7 @@
 #
 #   /tmp/bwkfanboy/USER/bwkfanboy_server.pid
 
+require 'shellwords'
 require 'webrick'
 require_relative '../lib/bwkfanboy/utils'
 
@@ -61,7 +68,12 @@ class FeedServlet < WEBrick::HTTPServlet::AbstractServlet # :nodoc: all
       res['Content-Type'] = 'application/atom+xml; charset=UTF-8'
       res['Content-Disposition'] = "inline; filename=\"#{Bwkfanboy::Meta::NAME}-#{req.query['p']}.xml"
 
-      cmd = "#{$conf[:converter]} #{$conf[:mode] == 'debug' ? '-D' : ''} #{req.query['p']}"
+      # possible options for the plugin
+      if req.query['o'] && req.query['o'] !~ Bwkfanboy::Meta::PLUGIN_OPTS
+        raise WEBrick::HTTPStatus::InternalServerError.new("'o' is too harsh")
+      end
+      
+      cmd = "#{$conf[:converter]} #{$conf[:mode] == 'debug' ? '-D' : ''} '#{req.query['p']}' #{req.query['o']}"
       r = Bwkfanboy::Utils.cmd_run(cmd)
       if r[0] != 0 then
         raise WEBrick::HTTPStatus::InternalServerError.new("Errors in the pipeline:\n\n #{r[1]}")

data/doc/NEWS.rdoc

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+=== 0.1.1
+
+- Plugins can have user-supplied options in realtime.
+- Added quora.rb plugin.
+- Fixed some typos.

data/doc/plugin.rdoc

@@ -100,19 +100,50 @@ HTML you want to parse. The general idea:
   parses a sting and return a date in ISO8601 format. You may
   override #date method if you like.
 
+=== Options
+
+Plugins can have _options_ which user should provide to the plugin in
+the real-time. For example, say you're scraping a site where many users
+are wasting their time. If you want to watch for several of them it is
+silly to write a new plugin every time for a new participant. Instead,
+you can write 1 plugin which have an _option_ to take a parameter (a
+user name, in this case).
+
+Options (if any) are always accessible via \#opt method which is just
+attr_reader of a hash.
+
+The really interesting trick one can to play with Meta::URI constant. It
+is possible to make it dynamic, for example:
+
+  URI = 'http://www.quora.com/#{opt[0]}/answers'
+
+Then, if user will provide 1 option (say 'Mark-Suster')--it will appear
+in the final URI as follows:
+
+  http://www.quora.com/Mark-Suster/answers
+
+Such dynamic is possible only for Meta::URI constant and if it is not
+static, _option_ becomes mandatory for the end-user.
+
 == How to test all this
 
 To test how nice your plugin works, save the html page to the file
 and type:
 
-  % bwkparser_parse -vv path/to/a/plugin.rb < saved_page.html
+  % bwkfanboy_parse -vv path/to/a/plugin.rb < saved_page.html
 
 to see the result as in plain text, or
 
-  % bwkparser_parse -v path/to/a/plugin.rb < saved_page.html
+  % bwkfanboy_parse -v path/to/a/plugin.rb < saved_page.html
 
 as pretty JSON.
 
-<tt>bwkparser_parse</tt> return 0 if no errors occurred or >= 1 if you
+For option-enabled plugins, supply additional parameters for them after
+the plugin path:
+
+  % bwkfanboy_parse -vv path/to/a/plugin.rb \
+    option_1 "options 2" < saved_page.html
+
+<tt>bwkfanboy_parse</tt> return 0 if no errors occurred or >= 1 if you
 have errors in your plugin code. N.B.: the output from
 <tt>bwkparser_parse</tt> is always in UTF-8.

data/lib/bwkfanboy/parser.rb

@@ -9,9 +9,12 @@ module Bwkfanboy
   # :include: ../../doc/plugin.rdoc
   class Parse
     ENTRIES_MAX = 64
+
+    attr_reader :opt
     
-    def initialize()
+    def initialize(opt = [])
       @entries = []
+      @opt = opt
     end
 
     # Invokes #myparse & checks if it has grabbed something.
@@ -26,6 +29,11 @@ module Bwkfanboy
       Utils.errx(1, "plugin return no output") if @entries.length == 0
     end
 
+    def uri()
+      m = get_meta()
+      eval("\"#{m::URI}\"")
+    end
+
     # Prints entries in 'key: value' formatted strings. Intended for
     # debugging.
     def dump()
@@ -70,8 +78,12 @@ module Bwkfanboy
         [:URI, :ENC, :VERSION, :COPYRIGHT, :TITLE, :CONTENT_TYPE].each {|i|
           fail "#{m}::#{i} not defined or empty" if (! m.const_defined?(i) || m.const_get(i) =~ /^\s*$/)
         }
+        
+        if m::URI =~ /#\{.+?\}/ && @opt.size == 0
+          fail 'additional options required'
+        end
       rescue
-        Utils.errx(1, "incomplete plugin: #{$!}")
+        Utils.errx(1, "incomplete plugin's instance: #{$!}")
       end
     end
 
@@ -81,7 +93,7 @@ module Bwkfanboy
       puts "Version     : #{m::VERSION}"
       puts "Copyright   : #{m::COPYRIGHT}"
       puts "Title       : #{m::TITLE}"
-      puts "URI         : #{m::URI}"
+      puts "URI         : #{uri}"
     end
 
     protected

data/lib/bwkfanboy/plugins/quora.js

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+
+/*
+  A companion to 'quora.rb' plugin.
+*/
+
+var sys = require('sys')
+
+function get_timestamps(data) {
+	var e = {}
+	var link = null
+	for (i in data) {
+		var f = data[i][0]
+	
+		if (f == 'FeedStoryItem') {
+			link = data[i][3]['q_path']
+//			sys.puts(link)
+		}
+
+		if (f == 'DateTimeComponent') {
+			e[link] = data[i][3]['epoch_us']
+		}
+	}
+	return e
+}
+
+function collect_stdin(callback) {
+    var stdin = process.openStdin();
+	var input = '';
+	stdin.setEncoding('ascii');
+    stdin.on('data', function (chunk) {
+        input += chunk
+    });
+    stdin.on('end', function () {
+		callback(input);
+    });
+};
+
+function prepare4eval(body) {
+	var head = "function W2() {}\n" +
+"W2.addComponentMetadata = function(foo) {}\n" +
+"W2.registerComponents = function(foo) {}\n" +
+"W2._ConnectionWarningCls = function(args) {}\n" +
+"W2._LoadingCls = function(args) {}\n" +
+"W2._InteractionModeCls = function(args) {}\n" +
+"\n" +
+"document = 'foo'\n" +
+"$ = function(foo) { return $ }\n" +
+"$.ready = function(foo) {}\n" +
+"\n" +
+"arr = function(args) {\n" +
+"	a = []\n" +
+"	a.push(args.callee.name)\n" +
+"	for(var i = 0; i < args.length; i++) { a.push(args[i]) }\n" +
+"	return a\n" +
+"}\n" +
+"\n" +
+"function LoginButton(args) { return arr(arguments) }\n" +
+"function ContextNavigator(args) { return arr(arguments) }\n" +
+"function TypeaheadContextText(args) { return arr(arguments) }\n" +
+"function TypeaheadResults(args) { return arr(arguments) }\n" +
+"function QuestionAddLink(args) { return arr(arguments) }\n" +
+"function TitleNotificationsCount(args) { return arr(arguments) }\n" +
+"function TextareaAutoSize(args) { return arr(arguments) }\n" +
+"function PMsgContainer(args) { return arr(arguments) }\n" +
+"function UserAdminMenuLink(args) { return arr(arguments) }\n" +
+"function PagedList(args) { return arr(arguments) }\n" +
+"function FeedStoryItem(args) { return arr(arguments) }\n" +
+"function QuestionLink(args) { return arr(arguments) }\n" +
+"function QuestionBestSourceIcon(args) { return arr(arguments) }\n" +
+"function AnswerVotingButtons(args) { return arr(arguments) }\n" +
+"function TruncatePhraseList(args) { return arr(arguments) }\n" +
+"function CommentLink(args) { return arr(arguments) }\n" +
+"function DateTimeComponent(args) { return arr(arguments) }\n" +
+"function AnswerComments(args) { return arr(arguments) }\n" +
+"function Comment(args) { return arr(arguments) }\n" +
+"function FeedAnswerItem(args) { return arr(arguments) }\n" +
+"function HoverMenu(args) { return arr(arguments) }\n" +
+"function ExpandableQText(args) { return arr(arguments) }\n" +
+"function TruncatedQText(args) { return arr(arguments) }\n" +
+"function UseMobileSite(args) { return arr(arguments) }\n" +
+"function LoginSignal(args) { return arr(arguments) }\n" +
+"function LiveLogin(args) { return arr(arguments) }\n" +
+"function PresencePageMonitor(args) { return arr(arguments) }\n" +
+	'';
+	var tail = "\n_components;\n";
+
+	return head + body + tail;
+}
+
+collect_stdin(function(t) {
+//	sys.puts(t)
+
+    var script = process.binding('evals').Script
+	var code
+    code = script.runInThisContext(prepare4eval(t))
+// 	sys.puts(sys.inspect(code, false, null))
+ 	sys.puts(JSON.stringify(get_timestamps(code), null, '  '))
+})

data/lib/bwkfanboy/plugins/quora.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+# Quora uses JavaScript to dynamically insert timestamps for the
+# questions/comments. To combat this, we cut the JS from the page,
+# evaluate it in nodejs and construct a hash with 'article-name =>
+# timestamp' pairs.
+#
+# Tested with nodejs 0.2.3.
+#
+# Requires:
+#
+# - 'quora.js' script in directory with the plugin;
+# - 1 option: a Quora user's name, for example 'Brandon-Smietana'
+
+require 'nokogiri'
+
+class Page < Bwkfanboy::Parse
+  module Meta
+    URI = 'http://www.quora.com/#{opt[0]}/answers'
+    URI_DEBUG = '/home/alex/lib/software/alex/bwkfanboy/test/semis/quora.html'
+    ENC = 'UTF-8'
+    VERSION = 1
+    COPYRIGHT = "See bwkfanboy's LICENSE file"
+    TITLE = "Last n answers (per-user) from Quora."
+    CONTENT_TYPE = 'html'
+  end
+  
+  def myparse()
+    profile = opt[0] # for example, 'Brandon-Smietana'
+    
+    # read stdin
+    doc = Nokogiri::HTML(STDIN, nil, Meta::ENC)
+
+    # extract & evaluate JavaScript into tstp
+    tstp = nil
+    doc.xpath("//script").each {|i|
+      js = i.text
+      if js.include?('"epoch_us"')
+        r = Bwkfanboy::Utils.cmd_run("echo '#{js}' | #{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/quora.js")
+        fail 'evaluation in nodejs failed' if r[0] != 0
+        tstp = JSON.parse(r[2])
+        break
+      end
+    }
+
+    # xpath movements
+    url = 'http://www.quora.com'
+    a = clean(doc.xpath("//h1").text())
+      
+    doc.xpath("//div[@class='feed_item_question']").each {|i|
+      t = clean(i.xpath("h2").text())
+
+      l = clean(i.xpath("h2//a")[0].attributes['href'].value())
+      next unless tstp.key?(l)  # ignore answers without timestamps
+      u = date(Time.at(tstp[l]/1000/1000).to_s)
+      l = url + l + '/answer/' + profile
+      
+      c = i.xpath("../div[@class='hidden expanded_q_text']/div").inner_html(encoding: Meta::ENC)
+      if c == ''
+        c = i.xpath("../../div/div/div")
+        c.xpath("div").each {|j| j.remove() }
+        c = c.inner_html(encoding: Meta::ENC)
+      end
+      
+      self << { title: t, link: l, updated: u, author: a, content: c }
+    }
+  end
+end

data/lib/bwkfanboy/utils.rb

@@ -7,13 +7,14 @@ require 'active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors'
 module Bwkfanboy
   module Meta
     NAME = 'bwkfanboy'
-    VERSION = '0.0.1'
+    VERSION = '0.1.1'
     USER_AGENT = "#{NAME}/#{VERSION} (#{RUBY_PLATFORM}; N; #{Encoding.default_external.name}; #{RUBY_ENGINE}; rv:#{RUBY_VERSION}.#{RUBY_PATCHLEVEL})"
     PLUGIN_CLASS = 'Page'
     DIR_TMP = "/tmp/#{Meta::NAME}/#{ENV['USER']}"
     DIR_LOG = "#{DIR_TMP}/log"
     LOG_MAXSIZE = 64*1024
-    PLUGIN_NAME = /^[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+$/
+    PLUGIN_NAME = /^[ a-zA-Z0-9_-]+$/
+    PLUGIN_OPTS = /^[ a-zA-Z'"0-9_-]+$/
   end
   
   module Utils
@@ -94,6 +95,12 @@ module Bwkfanboy
       end
     end
 
+     # Get possible options for the parser.
+    def self.plugin_opts(a)
+      opt = a.size >= 2 ? a[1..-1] : ''
+    end
+
+    
     # Parses command line options. _arr_ is an array of options (usually
     # +ARGV+). _banner_ is a help string that describes what your
     # program does.

data/test/semis/quora.html

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>Brandon Smietana Answers - Quora</title><script>_w2replay=(function(){var b=[],a=[],d,g=/^a$/i;function c(j,i,h){var k;if(j.addEventListener){j.addEventListener(i,k=function(l){if(h.call(this,l)===false){l.preventDefault()}},false)}else{if(j.attachEvent){j.attachEvent("on"+i,k=function(){return h.call(this,window.event)})}else{return}}b.push([j,i,k])}function f(j,i,h){if(j.removeEventListener){j.removeEventListener(i,h,false)}else{if(j.detachEvent){j.detachEvent("on"+i,h)}}}function e(h){c(document,h,function(j){var i=j.target||j.srcElement;a.push({type:h,elem:i,cursor:i.style.cursor});i.style.cursor="wait";if(g.test(i.nodeName)&&i.getAttribute("href")==="#"){return false}})}e("mousedown");e("mouseup");e("click");return function(k){if(d){return}d=true;while(b.length){f.apply(null,b.pop())}for(var h=0,j,l;j=a[h];++h){if((l=j.elem).style.cursor=="wait"){l.style.cursor=j.cursor}if(k.inDom(l)){k(l).trigger(j.type)}}}})();</script><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=EmulateIE7" /><link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/opensearch/description.xml" title="Quora" /><!--[if IE]><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/static/ie.css" /><![endif]--><meta property="og:site_name" content="Quora" /><meta property="og:description" content="&quot;There is no such thing as perfect. There is only growth.&quot;" /><meta property="og:title" content="Brandon Smietana on Quora" /><meta property="og:url" content="http://www.quora.com/Brandon-Smietana" /><meta property="og:image" content="http://d2o7bfz2il9cb7.cloudfront.net/main-thumb-6673-50-iQY07uHy4EIxliIOKB2oVtdnn7FsdmZc.jpeg" /><meta property="og:type" content="article" /><meta name="robots" content="noarchive"/><link href="http://d1vgw4v7ja2ido.cloudfront.net/-c78da7565ff11063.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><link href="http://d1vgw4v7ja2ido.cloudfront.net/-d56349121307e6c8.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /></head><body><div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1499"><div style="display:none;" id="live_mutation_pending"></div><div class="header wrapper" id="layout_header"><div class="contents"><div class="logo"><a class="w1" href="/">Quora</a></div><ul class="nav_list"><li class="about"><a href="/about">About</a></li><li class="login sub"><a href="#" id="__w2_DEZKV2w_login_link">Login</a></li><li class="signup"><a href="/signup/index">Sign Up</a></li></ul><div class="search w3_5"><div class="search_contents navigator"><form class="search_form" action="#" onsubmit="return false;" method="get" name="search_form"><div class="search_input"><div class="input_wrapper"><span class="context" id="__w2_IAvTtPV_context"></span><input class="question_box" group="__w2_JIvTDkh_interaction" autocomplete="off" type="text" placeholder="Find Questions, Topics and People" value="" maxlength="150" w2cid="JIvTDkh" id="__w2_JIvTDkh_input" /><a class="clear_navigator hidden" href="#" id="__w2_JIvTDkh_clear">&nbsp;</a></div></div></form><div id="__w2_JIvTDkh_results_shell"><div class="results_frame" id="__w2_VHV2VVd_results_frame"><ul id="__w2_VHV2VVd_results_list"><li class="instruction" id="__w2_VHV2VVd_list_item_0">Find Questions, Topics and People</li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="add_question e_col w1"><span class="add_new_question"><a href="#" id="__w2_JIvTDkh_add_new_question">Add Question</a><span class="hidden"><a href="#" id="__w2_rf4mdCF_link">Add Question</a></span></span></div></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1500"></div></div><div class="pmsg_container main wrapper hidden" id="__w2_QiuKk74_pmsg_container"></div><div class="main wrapper"><div class="user_profile contents content main_content"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1501"></div><div class="page_header row main_col"><div class="e_col w2_5 side_col"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1502"></span><span id="ld_GprgIi_1503"></span></div><div class="w5_5 e_col"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1504"><h1><div class="profile_icons"><a class="sn_icon" href="http://twitter.com/RKHilbertSpace" target="_blank" rel="me"><img src="http://d1vgw4v7ja2ido.cloudfront.net/-f2e98b581d7a2736.ico" /></a></div><span class="name_span">Brandon Smietana</span></h1></div><div class="w4_5"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1505"><div class="user_topic_sig">Founder of Symbolic Analytics</div></div></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1506"><div class="tabs w8" style="margin-left:-10px;"><a class="link" href="/Brandon-Smietana">Profile</a><a class="link" href="/Brandon-Smietana/about">About <span class="light normal">(</span>4<span class="light normal">)</span></a><a class="link" href="/Brandon-Smietana/questions">Questions <span class="light normal">(</span>949<span class="light normal">)</span></a><a class="link selected" href="/Brandon-Smietana/answers">Answers <span class="light normal">(</span>430<span class="light normal">)</span></a><a class="link" href="/Brandon-Smietana/log">Edits <span class="light normal">(</span>7303<span class="light normal">)</span></a></div></div></div><div class="col w4_5 main_col"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1507"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1514"><div class="pagedlist_item" id="ld_GprgIi_1530"><div class="feed_item stream_feed_item p1" id="__w2_BmrH2FO_item"><div class="e_col w4_5"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1551"><div class="feed_item_question"><h2><span id="ld_GprgIi_1591"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1751"></span><a class="question_link" href="/Is-Zynga-a-sociopathic-company" id="__w2_uSrW5I7_link"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1752"></span>Is Zynga a sociopathic company?</a></span></h2></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1552"><div class="feed_item_answer answer_text"><div class="rating_buttons"><div id="__w2_tDUJGsD_answer_voting"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1611"><div class="rating_buttons "><div class="rating_options"><a class="lil_button rate_up" href="#" id="__w2_F416BlQ_answer_vote_up_link">&nbsp;</a><a class="lil_button rate_down" href="#" id="__w2_F416BlQ_answer_vote_down_link">&nbsp;</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="feed_item_answer_content answer_content"><div class="answer_user"><span class="feed_item_answer_user" id="__w2_tDUJGsD_answer_user_sig"><a class="user" href="/Brandon-Smietana">Brandon Smietana</a><span class="rep">, </span><span id="__w2_luAXB5w_link"><span class="rep">Founder of Symbolic Analytics</span></span><div class="hover_menu hidden" style="display: none" id="__w2_luAXB5w_menu"><div class="hover_menu_nub"></div><div class="menu_contents growl_notification" id="__w2_luAXB5w_menu_contents"> </div></div></span><div id="__w2_tDUJGsD_answer_voters"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1612"><span class="answer_voters"><span class="answer_voter_callout"><strong class="voter_count">1</strong> vote</span> by <a class="user" href="/Anthony-Foster">Anthony Foster</a></span></div></div></div>Zynga executives have a fiduciary obligation to be sociopathic.<div class="action_bar" id="__w2_tDUJGsD_answer_actions"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1613"><a class="view_comments supp " href="#" id="__w2_X0SpWmz_view_comment_link">1 Comment</a></span><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span id="ld_GprgIi_1614"><a class="answer_permalink" href="/Is-Zynga-a-sociopathic-company/answer/Brandon-Smietana"><span class="datetime" id="__w2_DCOy0qR_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></a><span id="ld_GprgIi_1711"></span></span></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1615"><div class="comments answer_comments hidden" id="__w2_jRFvWbG_answer_comments"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1712"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1791"><a name="comment_93324"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_IIQOJSF_comment"><p class="comment_text">This may be the best comment on Quora.</p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/TJ-Murphy">TJ Murphy</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_QovMn4h_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div></div><div class="comment light p0_5">Cannot add comment at this time.</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="pagedlist_item" id="ld_GprgIi_1531"><div class="feed_item stream_feed_item p1" id="__w2_dn3tkwt_item"><div class="e_col w4_5"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1553"><div class="feed_item_question"><h2><span id="ld_GprgIi_1592"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1753"></span><a class="question_link" href="/Startup-Advice/As-a-first-time-entrepreneur-what-part-of-the-process-were-you-completely-blind-to" id="__w2_RzuaN31_link"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1754"></span>As a first time entrepreneur, what part of the process were you completely blind to?</a></span></h2></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1554"><div class="feed_item_answer answer_text"><div class="rating_buttons"><div id="__w2_TtO7qZK_answer_voting"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1616"><div class="rating_buttons "><div class="rating_options"><a class="lil_button rate_up" href="#" id="__w2_LQq1PG7_answer_vote_up_link">&nbsp;</a><a class="lil_button rate_down" href="#" id="__w2_LQq1PG7_answer_vote_down_link">&nbsp;</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="feed_item_answer_content answer_content"><div class="answer_user"><span class="feed_item_answer_user" id="__w2_TtO7qZK_answer_user_sig"><a class="user" href="/Brandon-Smietana">Brandon Smietana</a><span class="rep">, </span><span id="__w2_M4AueyR_link"><span class="rep">Founder of Symbolic Analytics</span></span><div class="hover_menu hidden" style="display: none" id="__w2_M4AueyR_menu"><div class="hover_menu_nub"></div><div class="menu_contents growl_notification" id="__w2_M4AueyR_menu_contents"> </div></div></span><div id="__w2_TtO7qZK_answer_voters"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1617"><span class="answer_voters"><span class="answer_voter_callout"><strong class="voter_count">5</strong> votes</span> by <span id="__w2_Lf3ahpY_view_all"><a class="user" href="/Max-Ischenko">Max Ischenko</a>, <a class="user" href="/Daniel-Shi">Daniel Shi</a>, <a class="user" href="/Antone-Johnson">Antone Johnson</a>, </span> <a class="more_link" href="#" id="__w2_Lf3ahpY_view_all_link">(more)</a><span class="hidden" id="__w2_Lf3ahpY_all_phrases"><a class="user" href="/Max-Ischenko">Max Ischenko</a>, <a class="user" href="/Daniel-Shi">Daniel Shi</a>, <a class="user" href="/Antone-Johnson">Antone Johnson</a>, <a class="user" href="/Charles-Krohn">Charles Krohn</a> and <a class="user" href="/Anthony-Foster">Anthony Foster</a></span></span></div></div></div>Innovation is extremely expensive and is often a moonshot.<br /><br />Copying, improving on and burying competitors in a small market is easy and fun.<div class="action_bar" id="__w2_TtO7qZK_answer_actions"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1618"><a class="view_comments supp " href="#" id="__w2_DiFimuD_view_comment_link">1 Comment</a></span><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span id="ld_GprgIi_1619"><a class="answer_permalink" href="/Startup-Advice/As-a-first-time-entrepreneur-what-part-of-the-process-were-you-completely-blind-to/answer/Brandon-Smietana"><span class="datetime" id="__w2_SRYdz8D_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></a><span id="ld_GprgIi_1713"></span></span></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1620"><div class="comments answer_comments hidden" id="__w2_sV6b6Cc_answer_comments"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1714"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1792"><a name="comment_93075"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_CCm2nz8_comment"><p class="comment_text">If this was posted as anon i would have assumed its Marc Pincus for sure</p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/Aditya-Raman-D">Aditya Raman D</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_IhfXYTQ_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div></div><div class="comment light p0_5">Cannot add comment at this time.</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="pagedlist_item" id="ld_GprgIi_1532"><div class="feed_item stream_feed_item p1" id="__w2_gFuciS9_item"><div class="e_col w4_5"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1555"><div class="feed_item_question"><h2><span id="ld_GprgIi_1593"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1755"></span><a class="question_link" href="/Would-a-Chinese-government-sponsored-cyber-attack-against-the-US-be-enough-to-trigger-a-war-between-the-two-countries" id="__w2_vdnOReT_link"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1756"></span>Would a Chinese government sponsored cyber attack against the US be enough to trigger a war between the two countries?</a></span></h2></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1556"><div class="feed_item_answer answer_text"><div class="rating_buttons"><div id="__w2_dYKAQWN_answer_voting"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1621"><div class="rating_buttons "><div class="rating_options"><a class="lil_button rate_up" href="#" id="__w2_omJ5rqt_answer_vote_up_link">&nbsp;</a><a class="lil_button rate_down" href="#" id="__w2_omJ5rqt_answer_vote_down_link">&nbsp;</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="feed_item_answer_content answer_content"><div class="answer_user"><span class="feed_item_answer_user" id="__w2_dYKAQWN_answer_user_sig"><a class="user" href="/Brandon-Smietana">Brandon Smietana</a><span class="rep">, </span><span id="__w2_GSU2v7v_link"><span class="rep">Founder of Symbolic Analytics</span></span><div class="hover_menu hidden" style="display: none" id="__w2_GSU2v7v_menu"><div class="hover_menu_nub"></div><div class="menu_contents growl_notification" id="__w2_GSU2v7v_menu_contents"> </div></div></span><div id="__w2_dYKAQWN_answer_voters"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1622"></div></div></div>It would be very difficult to determine if a cyber attack was in-fact state sponsored.  It would be very difficult to determine its source.<br /><br />Also, it would be unlikely to target infrastructure in a destructive manner and more likely involve collection of intelligence data or corporate espionage.  For example, consider operation Aurora.<br /><br />It is very unlikely that China would be immediately identified as the aggressor.  In fact, a cyber attack may not even be identified until years after it has already been in effect.  Consider operation Aurora.<div class="action_bar" id="__w2_dYKAQWN_answer_actions"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1623"><a class="view_comments supp " href="#" id="__w2_ekDsimJ_view_comment_link">Add Comment</a></span><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span id="ld_GprgIi_1624"><a class="answer_permalink" href="/Would-a-Chinese-government-sponsored-cyber-attack-against-the-US-be-enough-to-trigger-a-war-between-the-two-countries/answer/Brandon-Smietana"><span class="datetime" id="__w2_wymuzen_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></a><span id="ld_GprgIi_1715"></span></span></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1625"><div class="comments answer_comments hidden" id="__w2_CtME5MW_answer_comments"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1716"></div><div class="comment light p0_5">Cannot add comment at this time.</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="pagedlist_item" id="ld_GprgIi_1533"><div class="feed_item stream_feed_item p1" id="__w2_FFhknUU_item"><div class="e_col w4_5"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1557"><div class="feed_item_question"><h2><span id="ld_GprgIi_1594"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1757"></span><a class="question_link" href="/Larry-Ellison/Why-does-Larry-Ellison-have-no-eyebrows" id="__w2_oKkA6X8_link"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1758"></span>Why does Larry Ellison have no eyebrows?</a></span></h2></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1558"><div class="feed_item_answer answer_text"><div class="rating_buttons"><div id="__w2_TV8XZYo_answer_voting"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1626"><div class="rating_buttons "><div class="rating_options"><a class="lil_button rate_up" href="#" id="__w2_v8Xec8Q_answer_vote_up_link">&nbsp;</a><a class="lil_button rate_down" href="#" id="__w2_v8Xec8Q_answer_vote_down_link">&nbsp;</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="feed_item_answer_content answer_content"><div class="answer_user"><span class="feed_item_answer_user" id="__w2_TV8XZYo_answer_user_sig"><a class="user" href="/Brandon-Smietana">Brandon Smietana</a><span class="rep">, </span><span id="__w2_Jf7ymJm_link"><span class="rep">Founder of Symbolic Analytics</span></span><div class="hover_menu hidden" style="display: none" id="__w2_Jf7ymJm_menu"><div class="hover_menu_nub"></div><div class="menu_contents growl_notification" id="__w2_Jf7ymJm_menu_contents"> </div></div></span><div id="__w2_TV8XZYo_answer_voters"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1627"><span class="answer_voters"><span class="answer_voter_callout"><strong class="voter_count">6</strong> votes</span> by <span id="__w2_EnfGhOX_view_all"><span class="name_span">Anon User</span>, <a class="user" href="/David-Haddad">David Haddad</a>, <a class="user" href="/John-Marsland">John Marsland</a>, </span> <a class="more_link" href="#" id="__w2_EnfGhOX_view_all_link">(more)</a><span class="hidden" id="__w2_EnfGhOX_all_phrases"><span class="name_span">Anon User</span>, <a class="user" href="/David-Haddad">David Haddad</a>, <a class="user" href="/John-Marsland">John Marsland</a>, <a class="user" href="/Catalin-Braescu">Catalin Braescu</a>, <a class="user" href="/Gene-Linetsky">Gene Linetsky</a> and <a class="user" href="/Erbil-Karaman">Erbil Karaman</a></span></span></div></div></div>Larry Ellison lost his eyebrows in the nuclear accident that gave him his superpowers.<div class="action_bar" id="__w2_TV8XZYo_answer_actions"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1628"><a class="view_comments supp " href="#" id="__w2_bz9qyVD_view_comment_link">1 Comment</a></span><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span id="ld_GprgIi_1629"><a class="answer_permalink" href="/Larry-Ellison/Why-does-Larry-Ellison-have-no-eyebrows/answer/Brandon-Smietana"><span class="datetime" id="__w2_f8Ahonj_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></a><span id="ld_GprgIi_1717"></span></span></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1630"><div class="comments answer_comments hidden" id="__w2_i9SwUOp_answer_comments"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1718"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1793"><a name="comment_90049"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_J2q5WbY_comment"><p class="comment_text">I thought he lost them in a divorce settlement.</p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/Ryan-Lackey">Ryan Lackey</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_anp2VRr_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div></div><div class="comment light p0_5">Cannot add comment at this time.</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="pagedlist_item" id="ld_GprgIi_1534"><div class="feed_item stream_feed_item p1" id="__w2_NkrUJvp_item"><div class="e_col w4_5"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1559"><div class="feed_item_question"><h2><span id="ld_GprgIi_1595"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1759"></span><a class="question_link" href="/What-is-the-stupidest-technology-related-quote-in-retrospect" id="__w2_IXP8OUs_link"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1760"></span>What is the stupidest technology related quote in retrospect?</a></span></h2></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1560"><div class="feed_item_answer answer_text"><div class="rating_buttons"><div id="__w2_GNNLQGN_answer_voting"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1631"><div class="rating_buttons "><div class="rating_options"><a class="lil_button rate_up" href="#" id="__w2_tAlIvCW_answer_vote_up_link">&nbsp;</a><a class="lil_button rate_down" href="#" id="__w2_tAlIvCW_answer_vote_down_link">&nbsp;</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="feed_item_answer_content answer_content"><div class="answer_user"><span class="feed_item_answer_user" id="__w2_GNNLQGN_answer_user_sig"><a class="user" href="/Brandon-Smietana">Brandon Smietana</a><span class="rep">, </span><span id="__w2_LEoYwDe_link"><span class="rep">Founder of Symbolic Analytics</span></span><div class="hover_menu hidden" style="display: none" id="__w2_LEoYwDe_menu"><div class="hover_menu_nub"></div><div class="menu_contents growl_notification" id="__w2_LEoYwDe_menu_contents"> </div></div></span><div id="__w2_GNNLQGN_answer_voters"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1632"><span class="answer_voters"><span class="answer_voter_callout"><strong class="voter_count">1</strong> vote</span> by <a class="user" href="/Aditya-Raman-D">Aditya Raman D</a></span></div></div></div>  <br />“Windows is the past. In the future, AOL is the next Microsoft.” — Steve Case (1999)<div class="action_bar" id="__w2_GNNLQGN_answer_actions"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1633"><a class="view_comments supp " href="#" id="__w2_j4gIWam_view_comment_link">Add Comment</a></span><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span id="ld_GprgIi_1634"><a class="answer_permalink" href="/What-is-the-stupidest-technology-related-quote-in-retrospect/answer/Brandon-Smietana"><span class="datetime" id="__w2_dSjxgGX_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></a><span id="ld_GprgIi_1719"></span></span></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1635"><div class="comments answer_comments hidden" id="__w2_ZUwuPhq_answer_comments"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1720"></div><div class="comment light p0_5">Cannot add comment at this time.</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="pagedlist_item" id="ld_GprgIi_1535"><div class="feed_item stream_feed_item p1" id="__w2_XbZN451_item"><div class="e_col w4_5"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1561"><div class="feed_item_question"><h2><span id="ld_GprgIi_1596"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1761"></span><a class="question_link" href="/Why-do-some-web-companies-take-venture-capital-while-others-do-not-and-grow-organically-even-though-they-may-address-similar-problems" id="__w2_TRk2iYm_link"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1762"></span>Why do some web companies take venture capital, while others do not and grow organically, even though they may address similar problems?</a></span></h2></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1562"><div class="feed_item_answer answer_text"><div class="rating_buttons"><div id="__w2_zAtQ19j_answer_voting"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1636"><div class="rating_buttons "><div class="rating_options"><a class="lil_button rate_up" href="#" id="__w2_I87sZBc_answer_vote_up_link">&nbsp;</a><a class="lil_button rate_down" href="#" id="__w2_I87sZBc_answer_vote_down_link">&nbsp;</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="feed_item_answer_content answer_content"><div class="answer_user"><span class="feed_item_answer_user" id="__w2_zAtQ19j_answer_user_sig"><a class="user" href="/Brandon-Smietana">Brandon Smietana</a><span class="rep">, </span><span id="__w2_NCWeZkH_link"><span class="rep">Founder of Symbolic Analytics</span></span><div class="hover_menu hidden" style="display: none" id="__w2_NCWeZkH_menu"><div class="hover_menu_nub"></div><div class="menu_contents growl_notification" id="__w2_NCWeZkH_menu_contents"> </div></div></span><div id="__w2_zAtQ19j_answer_voters"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1637"><span class="answer_voters"><span class="answer_voter_callout"><strong class="voter_count">4</strong> votes</span> by <a class="user" href="/Jascha-Wanger">Jascha Wanger</a>, <a class="user" href="/Seb-Paquet">Seb Paquet</a>, <a class="user" href="/David-de-Weerdt">David de Weerdt</a> and <a class="user" href="/Helder-Ribeiro">Helder Ribeiro</a></span></div></div></div>Silicon Valley has an &quot;equity culture&quot;.<br /><br />Bootstrapped companies do not receive media coverage.  Evony had more revenues than Zynga for years and almost no one know about them.  There are a number of other examples.<br /><br />Most VC investments occur in a few geographic regions and expecially in the SF area.  There are however thousands of web companies taking in millions a year in revenue that are not located in silicon valley.  The vast majority of companies do not take venture capital.  In fact almost half of the companies who IPO do not take any venture capital at all (even &quot;growth equity&quot;).<br /><br />In general, companies that have higher capital costs tend to take on venture capital.  Companies that have lower margins and require larger scale for profitability require venture capital.  Companies that will not be profitable but which have a large number of users (twitter) require venture capital.<br /><br />However, what is concerning is when you see a profitable company which is awash in cash taking on venture capital.  That has to do more with the Silicon Valley &quot;equity culture&quot; than anything else.<br /><br />The reality is that most companies are not venture backed and never will be. You are either profitable in the first three years or bankrupt.  Also, if you are in a 100% margin industry like software, then when you succeed your income grows disproportionately <wbr />quickly compared to your costs (&quot;increasing returns&quot;).  This is completely different than a low margin industry such as retailing.<div class="action_bar" id="__w2_zAtQ19j_answer_actions"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1638"><a class="view_comments supp " href="#" id="__w2_eH5FbTP_view_comment_link">Add Comment</a></span><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span id="ld_GprgIi_1639"><a class="answer_permalink" href="/Why-do-some-web-companies-take-venture-capital-while-others-do-not-and-grow-organically-even-though-they-may-address-similar-problems/answer/Brandon-Smietana"><span class="datetime" id="__w2_hWgFteQ_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></a><span id="ld_GprgIi_1721"></span></span></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1640"><div class="comments answer_comments hidden" id="__w2_sKOVJEY_answer_comments"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1722"></div><div class="comment light p0_5">Cannot add comment at this time.</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="pagedlist_item" id="ld_GprgIi_1536"><div class="feed_item stream_feed_item p1" id="__w2_jrbiJKU_item"><div class="e_col w4_5"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1563"><div class="feed_item_question"><h2><span id="ld_GprgIi_1597"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1763"></span><a class="question_link" href="/What-tools-do-you-use-to-test-a-trading-strategy" id="__w2_LGmM0W0_link"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1764"></span>What tools do you use to test a trading strategy?</a></span></h2></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1564"><div class="feed_item_answer answer_text"><div class="rating_buttons"><div id="__w2_EKHgGoa_answer_voting"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1641"><div class="rating_buttons "><div class="rating_options"><a class="lil_button rate_up" href="#" id="__w2_psvW1dm_answer_vote_up_link">&nbsp;</a><a class="lil_button rate_down" href="#" id="__w2_psvW1dm_answer_vote_down_link">&nbsp;</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="feed_item_answer_content answer_content"><div class="answer_user"><span class="feed_item_answer_user" id="__w2_EKHgGoa_answer_user_sig"><a class="user" href="/Brandon-Smietana">Brandon Smietana</a><span class="rep">, </span><span id="__w2_ctKqdB2_link"><span class="rep">They call me &quot;Flash Crash&quot;</span></span><div class="hover_menu hidden" style="display: none" id="__w2_ctKqdB2_menu"><div class="hover_menu_nub"></div><div class="menu_contents growl_notification" id="__w2_ctKqdB2_menu_contents"> </div></div></span><div id="__w2_EKHgGoa_answer_voters"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1642"></div></div></div>I have an sql database of quote information and I just run the strategies through by feeding data into the strategies with a python script and recording the output.<div class="action_bar" id="__w2_EKHgGoa_answer_actions"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1643"><a class="view_comments supp " href="#" id="__w2_U8ySAis_view_comment_link">Add Comment</a></span><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span id="ld_GprgIi_1644"><a class="answer_permalink" href="/What-tools-do-you-use-to-test-a-trading-strategy/answer/Brandon-Smietana"><span class="datetime" id="__w2_PiBmRSh_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></a><span id="ld_GprgIi_1723"></span></span></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1645"><div class="comments answer_comments hidden" id="__w2_e4fFJ6Q_answer_comments"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1724"></div><div class="comment light p0_5">Cannot add comment at this time.</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="pagedlist_item" id="ld_GprgIi_1537"><div class="feed_item stream_feed_item p1" id="__w2_yM5Dt4c_item"><div class="e_col w4_5"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1565"><div class="feed_item_question"><h2><span id="ld_GprgIi_1598"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1765"></span><a class="question_link" href="/What-is-Zyngas-core-competency" id="__w2_YOdUeVK_link"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1766"></span>What is Zynga&#039;s core competency?</a></span></h2></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1566"><div class="feed_item_answer answer_text"><div class="rating_buttons"><div id="__w2_rFFFM0G_answer_voting"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1646"><div class="rating_buttons "><div class="rating_options"><a class="lil_button rate_up" href="#" id="__w2_shgclzU_answer_vote_up_link">&nbsp;</a><a class="lil_button rate_down" href="#" id="__w2_shgclzU_answer_vote_down_link">&nbsp;</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="feed_item_answer_content answer_content"><div class="answer_user"><span class="feed_item_answer_user" id="__w2_rFFFM0G_answer_user_sig"><a class="user" href="/Brandon-Smietana">Brandon Smietana</a><span class="rep">, </span><span id="__w2_gXn850J_link"><span class="rep">Founder of Symbolic Analytics</span></span><div class="hover_menu hidden" style="display: none" id="__w2_gXn850J_menu"><div class="hover_menu_nub"></div><div class="menu_contents growl_notification" id="__w2_gXn850J_menu_contents"> </div></div></span><div id="__w2_rFFFM0G_answer_voters"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1647"><span class="answer_voters"><span class="answer_voter_callout"><strong class="voter_count">18</strong> votes</span> by <span id="__w2_ShmuC8u_view_all"><a class="user" href="/Lucas-Meadows">Lucas Meadows</a>, <a class="user" href="/Cameron-A.-Ellis">Cameron A. Ellis</a>, <a class="user" href="/David-Kaye">David Kaye</a>, </span> <a class="more_link" href="#" id="__w2_ShmuC8u_view_all_link">(more)</a><span class="hidden" id="__w2_ShmuC8u_all_phrases"><a class="user" href="/Lucas-Meadows">Lucas Meadows</a>, <a class="user" href="/Cameron-A.-Ellis">Cameron A. Ellis</a>, <a class="user" href="/David-Kaye">David Kaye</a>, <span class="name_span">Anon User</span>, <a class="user" href="/Prakash-Swaminathan">Prakash Swaminathan</a>, <a class="user" href="/Charlie">Charlie Cheever</a>, <a class="user" href="/Sajid-Umerji">Sajid Umerji</a>, <a class="user" href="/Samuel-Green">Samuel Green</a>, <span class="name_span">Anon User</span>, <a class="user" href="/Xiaofeng-Jin">Xiaofeng Jin</a>, <a class="user" href="/TJ-Murphy">TJ Murphy</a>, <a class="user" href="/Siqi-Chen">Siqi Chen</a>, <a class="user" href="/Byrne-Hobart">Byrne Hobart</a>, <a class="user" href="/AbdulKarriem-Ali-Khan">AbdulKarriem Ali Khan</a>, <a class="user" href="/Benjamin-Juang">Benjamin Juang</a>, <a class="user" href="/Amit-Chaudhary">Amit Chaudhary</a>, <a class="user" href="/Maya-Zehavi">Maya Zehavi</a> and <a class="user" href="/Ron-Yang">Ron Yang</a></span></span></div></div></div>Strengths:<br /><ul><li>a large installed user base for cross promotion</li><li>massive amounts of capital for advertising</li><li>unfair relationship with Facebook (through the Old Boy&#039;s club, Zynga&#039;s IP portfolio and its position as Facebook&#039;s largest advertiser).  For instance, its likely that Zynga receives free advertising on Facebook&#039;s ad network to offset the loss of revenue from Zynga adopting Facebook credits.  Or equivalently, Zynga pays a lower cut to Facebook than other developers, due to Zynga&#039;s bargaining position.</li><li>An extremely large staff of people whose full time job is buying display advertising</li></ul><br />Weaknesses:<br /><ul><li>Technical debt; is using 12+ layers of memcached just to keep Farmville online.  Horribly designed architecture.  Will have to be completely redone if Zynga wants to build more complicated social games.  Is adding hundreds of servers per day to compensate for its software architecture<wbr />.  However, Zynga has the money and developers to address this problem.</li><li>Grew organization too fast and is strained under the growing pains of expanding to 700+ employees in under 3 years and then restructuring.  Few companies survive this type of rapid growth without falling apart or becoming inefficient.  It is extremely difficult to scale this large extremely rapidly and the management team did well in handling this phase.</li><li>Zynga is currently reliant on the Facebook platform.  Facebook often changes the rules of the platform to harm developers (reducing viral channels, eliminating non-advertising channels for user acquisition, decreasing developer margins by 30% through Facebook credits).  Zynga&#039;s margin were decreased significantly by the transition to Facebook credits and Zynga is at the mercy of Facebook.  Zynga is mitigating its platform risk by developing its own gaming network and through joint initiatives with Yahoo and Google.</li><li>Zynga has lower margins and lower ARPU than other studies whose user acquisition is not as advertising driven.  Games targeting specific niches have lower MAUs, but higher ARPU than Farmville type games.  Zynga has low ARPU (compared to RPG game studios) and but offsets this with high MAU numbers.  Zynga&#039;s per employee revenue is smaller than many studios for these reasons.</li></ul><br />Zynga&#039;s core competencies do not include engineering or producing creative or in-depth games.<br /><br />To summarize  Zynga&#039;s core competencies are<br /><ul><li>Advertising / User Acquisition</li><li>Leveraging its cross promotion network and installed base</li><li>Knowledge about targeting the &quot;casual gamer&quot; demographic</li><li>Knowledge about monetizing social games (&quot;add in game coins&quot;)</li><li>Knowledge about the application of specific social game mechanics (especially the &#039;harvest mechanism&#039;)</li><li>Extensive use of A/B testing.  Zynga has an A/B testing centered culture.</li></ul><br />The biggest threat to Zynga is the proliferation of a large number of games with higher ARPU than Farmville type games.  When user acquisition is advertising driven, companies with higher ARPU bid up advertising costs to the point that lower ARPU games cannot acquire users profitably.  Market segmentation may be a threat to Zynga&#039;s continued growth in the US market.<br /><br />It will be interesting to see how the social gaming market evolves over the next decade.<div class="action_bar" id="__w2_rFFFM0G_answer_actions"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1648"><a class="view_comments supp " href="#" id="__w2_QBn8gYf_view_comment_link">18 Comments</a></span><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span id="ld_GprgIi_1649"><a class="answer_permalink" href="/What-is-Zyngas-core-competency/answer/Brandon-Smietana"><span class="datetime" id="__w2_RoDDBMX_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></a><span id="ld_GprgIi_1725"></span></span></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1650"><div class="comments answer_comments hidden" id="__w2_VlzIKgx_answer_comments"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1726"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1794"><a name="comment_88386"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_boSS28I_comment"><p class="comment_text">Great answer. Hope I don&#039;t get fired for upvoting :)<br /><br />I would agree that engineering is not a core competency (insofar as the average engineer at Z is not necessarily world class). There are some really great devs at Zynga, but due to churn it&#039;s difficult to have a consistently-high hiring bar. Though you could argue that making exceptions in hiring only causes more problems (and eventually churn in the good devs), but that&#039;s a separate issue.</p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/Lucas-Meadows">Lucas Meadows</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_bz518Yh_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1795"><a name="comment_88391"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_TsSkfeA_comment"><p class="comment_text">&quot;Great answer. Hope I don&#039;t get fired for upvoting :)&quot;<br /><br />Haha.  I had no idea you worked at Zynga.<br /><br />I was not as brutally negative in this answer as I usually am (out of respect for Pincus).  It is also difficult to be too negative when the company is profitable.</p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/Brandon-Smietana">Brandon Smietana</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_aLjbOmO_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1796"><a name="comment_88392"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_mgZE8PS_comment"><p class="comment_text">Remember this?<br /><a href="/Why-wont-Zynga-let-me-have-two-or-more-wives-in-FrontierVille/answer/Lucas-Meadows">Lucas Meadows&#039;s answer to Why won&#039;t Zynga let me have two or more wives in FrontierVille?</a></p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/Lucas-Meadows">Lucas Meadows</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_mwsMYS6_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1797"><div class="comment comment_dotdotdot p0_5"><a class="supp" href="#" onclick="$(&#039;.hidden_comments_112714&#039;).toggleClass(&#039;hidden&#039;);
+                                $(this).parent().addClass(&#039;hidden&#039;);
+                                return false;">...show <span><span id="ld_GprgIi_1817">13</span></span> hidden comments...</a></div><div class="hidden_comments_112714 hidden"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1818"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1823"><a name="comment_88394"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_XsEA4fE_comment"><p class="comment_text">Someone was so impressed by our debate in the comments that they tagged it with <a href="/Exceptional-Comment-Threads">Exceptional Comment Threads</a>.</p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/Lucas-Meadows">Lucas Meadows</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_caAjBHD_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1824"><a name="comment_88399"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_wJdRu9Y_comment"><p class="comment_text"> Exceptional Comment Threads<br /><br />Haha!  That is amazing.<br /><br /><a href="/Sex/What-was-your-most-hilarious-sexual-experience">Sex: What was your most hilarious sexual experience?</a></p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/Brandon-Smietana">Brandon Smietana</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_tpR3r8i_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1825"><a name="comment_88401"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_IyGHgoC_comment"><p class="comment_text">I don&#039;t understand the relevance of the sex question.<br /><br />Looking forward to seeing your game, though. Didn&#039;t realize you were so close to releasing it!</p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/Lucas-Meadows">Lucas Meadows</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_Fo9NEgL_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1826"><a name="comment_88403"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_KobvET2_comment"><p class="comment_text">&quot;Great answer. Hope I don&#039;t get fired for upvoting :)&quot;<br /><br />I am also being nice to Zynga, because we are releasing a social game next week. *wink*wink*nudge*nudge*<br /><br />By social game, I mean &quot;MMO&quot;.</p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/Brandon-Smietana">Brandon Smietana</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_OAuYEvr_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1827"><a name="comment_88405"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_W44KPky_comment"><p class="comment_text">Hahaha, ok. Well let me know when the MMO is out. I&#039;ll be interested in checking it out.</p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/Lucas-Meadows">Lucas Meadows</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_OxEjYE6_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1828"><a name="comment_88778"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_FXV2b8V_comment"><p class="comment_text">Three comments on Zynga&#039;s strengths.<br /><br />I work on Zynga&#039;s User Acquisition team. Up until March this year, we had 1--at most &quot;3&quot; people--working on advertising. For the size of our organization, that&#039;s a very small team--in fact, smaller than our closest competitors. We now have 3.5 FTEs dedicated.<br /><br />As much as I&#039;d like to toot our my horn, I&#039;d argue that advertising is not a core competency. Advertising is a result of a successful product. When you build a game that performs from an engagement, retention, monetization, and viral standpoint--the game sells itself. Advertising follows if the numbers work. Makes our group look good ;) But really--it doesn&#039;t matter how much money you throw at a game if the core metrics aren&#039;t there. Other developers have tried and failed--I&#039;ve observed similar spend patterns. This is not a failure of their advertising ops, rather, it&#039;s a failure of the game itself.  I&#039;d argue more generally that user acquisition (which you mentioned above) across all channels--not advertising solely--is a core competency. <br /><br />On metrics--it&#039;s more than just A/B testing. Analytics, in general, is a key core competency at Zynga. Our head of Analytics Ken Rudin said that &quot;Sometimes I think we are an analytics company masquerading as a gaming company. Everything is run by the numbers&quot; <a href="http://tdwi.org/blogs/wayne-eckerson/2010/02/zynga.aspx?sc_lang=en" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" class="external_link">http://tdwi.org/<wbr />blogs/wayne-ecke...</a> Right on. Real-time reporting on practically anything that&#039;s timely and reliable, a robust experimentation platform, and metric-oriented goals all keep everyone moving at full speed. The analytics group has mastered the hardest part of Business Intelligence--getting the right information to the right people at the right time.  If core metrics change significantly, 10 people are on it within 10 minutes. Problems rarely fester. I believe we have the largest Vertica cluster--this is a data geek&#039;s paradise. Analytics at Zynga doesn&#039;t get the credit it really deserves simply because it&#039;s not as sexy as other components of the business. But it&#039;s a huge advantage unmatched by any other dev and a true core competency.</p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/John-Marsland">John Marsland</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_LUEsiky_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1829"><a name="comment_88791"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_CXM6lEN_comment"><p class="comment_text">Excellent points, John. That comment deserves to be an answer.</p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/Lucas-Meadows">Lucas Meadows</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_tgVuDeX_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1830"><a name="comment_88797"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_x3OGmpI_comment"><p class="comment_text">The only pro-Zynga answers are like &quot;we&#039;re good at games and stuff&quot; :)</p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/Lucas-Meadows">Lucas Meadows</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_zwa1hGS_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1831"><a name="comment_88853"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_RCCOvdv_comment"><p class="comment_text">&quot;I work on Zynga&#039;s User Acquisition team. Up until March this year, we had 1--at most &quot;3&quot; people--working on advertising.&quot;<br /><br />How do you spend millions of dollars in advertising dollars a month with just 3 people managing the ad campaigns?  You are not targeting specific demographics or using any advanced techniques to reduce user acquisition costs?<br /><br />Zynga spends enough on display advertising that I thought they would have more people on it.</p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/Brandon-Smietana">Brandon Smietana</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_yoxATr8_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1832"><a name="comment_88890"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_lG12GPC_comment"><p class="comment_text">free red bull for one ;) <br /><br />also, the team is relatively senior, we&#039;ve invested in tools to help with the creation and management of ads at scale, and we piggy-back off our analytics system, allowing us to evaluate the effectiveness of our efforts practically.</p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/John-Marsland">John Marsland</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_f7JAtVe_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1833"><a name="comment_88911"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_jh2QII8_comment"><p class="comment_text"><i>For instance, its likely that Zynga receives free advertising on Facebook&#039;s ad network to offset the loss of revenue from Zynga adopting Facebook credits.  Or equivalently, Zynga pays a lower cut to Facebook than other developers, due to Zynga&#039;s bargaining position.</i><br /><i><br /></i>These are not quite equivalent. It&#039;s a lot smarter for Facebook to give them free ads in exchange for getting them to adopt credits, since that lowers Zynga&#039;s cost of acquiring the marginal FB user (compared to the cost of acquiring users elsewhere). If users are cheap to acquire, it&#039;s tempting for Zynga to use FB for more new game launches, especially experimental ones where they <i>need</i> to toy with new people.<br /><br />Giving Zynga a break on their credit costs doesn&#039;t have the same effect.</p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/Byrne-Hobart">Byrne Hobart</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_H4x208p_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1834"><a name="comment_89058"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_GbXttcc_comment"><p class="comment_text">Byrne, yes.  However the difference to the metrics that matter is the same.  What you are looking at is the net revenue per customer acquisition; Zynga per user margin.<br /><br />It is mostly an accounting difference.<br /><br />I am not familiar with what the exact deal Zynga has with Facebook, because it has not leaked yet.  However my bet is that it is one of those two.</p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/Brandon-Smietana">Brandon Smietana</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_B4gP3v1_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1835"><a name="comment_89060"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_YtU1zuo_comment"><p class="comment_text">That would be my personal guess as well, though I know nothing as a humble peon.</p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/Lucas-Meadows">Lucas Meadows</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_zsJ5Sej_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1798"><a name="comment_89308"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_G6TDCOV_comment"><p class="comment_text"> <a href="/Brandon-Smietana">Brandon Smietana</a> , that&#039;s only true if they aren&#039;t improving their product based on feedback from users. If they <i>are</i>, there is a big difference between a) status quo, and b) doubling the number of users, but halving the revenue per user. If revenue per user is a function of number of users (which it apparently is), any tradeoff that keeps users * RPU constant, but raises users and lowers RPU, is long-term positive until they hit saturation.</p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/Byrne-Hobart">Byrne Hobart</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_IGmHk2w_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1799"><a name="comment_89661"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_Hxht66m_comment"><p class="comment_text">The saturation is not binary.  Its sigmoidal.  There are diminishing returns on advertising and cost per customer acquisition goes up as the amount of money on advertising spent goes up.</p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/Brandon-Smietana">Brandon Smietana</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_kCsPMGw_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div></div><div class="comment light p0_5">Cannot add comment at this time.</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="pagedlist_item" id="ld_GprgIi_1538"><div class="feed_item stream_feed_item p1" id="__w2_RETnrvf_item"><div class="e_col w4_5"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1567"><div class="feed_item_question"><h2><span id="ld_GprgIi_1599"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1767"></span><a class="question_link" href="/Why-do-VCs-angels-super-angels-ask-stupid-questions" id="__w2_CZ6nMKm_link"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1768"></span>Why do VCs/angels/super angels ask stupid questions?</a></span></h2></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1568"><div class="feed_item_answer answer_text"><div class="rating_buttons"><div id="__w2_h7Iccjf_answer_voting"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1651"><div class="rating_buttons "><div class="rating_options"><a class="lil_button rate_up" href="#" id="__w2_IaMCJ9D_answer_vote_up_link">&nbsp;</a><a class="lil_button rate_down" href="#" id="__w2_IaMCJ9D_answer_vote_down_link">&nbsp;</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="feed_item_answer_content answer_content"><div class="answer_user"><span class="feed_item_answer_user" id="__w2_h7Iccjf_answer_user_sig"><a class="user" href="/Brandon-Smietana">Brandon Smietana</a><span class="rep">, </span><span id="__w2_n2F4bY6_link"><span class="rep" id="__w2_n2F4bY6_sig">&quot;Nonparametric kernel-based sequ...</span></span><div class="hover_menu hidden" style="display: none" id="__w2_n2F4bY6_menu"><div class="hover_menu_nub"></div><div class="menu_contents growl_notification" id="__w2_n2F4bY6_menu_contents"> </div></div></span><div id="__w2_h7Iccjf_answer_voters"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1652"><span class="answer_voters"><span class="answer_voter_callout"><strong class="voter_count">1</strong> vote</span> by <a class="user" href="/Senad-Dizdar">Senad Dizdar</a></span></div></div></div>&quot;I have been talking to VCs and I find that they ask really stupid questions. I am not sure if they really mean to ask these questions or they are just trying to get rid of you.&quot;<br /><br />Imagine if you are a non-technical person.  Pretend you have a degree in art history from Harvard and then worked at Goldman Sachs and now your a venture capitalist or a CEO of a newly formed company.<br /><br />As a CEO, you know your website is going to be brought to the brink of annihilation by scalab<wbr />ility problems if you succeed at user acquisition.  You want to hire a CTO that can design a system that will scale.  How would you select that CTO?  How do you determine whether a particular person will be able to handle these challenges?<br /><br />In general, you cannot.  You need a minimum level of competence in every area of your company to be able to ask the right questions and be able to evaluate a persons competencies.  In particular you have to evaluate how a person thinks and how they justify their arguments.  The position the person takes does not matter as much as the process through which they arrive at that position and how they justify and communicate their position.<br /><br />It is a very difficult problem.  Most people will choose people that they like and who will support and enhance their position of power in the company, over the people that will achieve the highest performance.<br /><br />The reality is that even if you are the best CEO in the world from a management perspective, if you cannot play politics, you will not retain your position long enough to achieve results; while a well entrenched and likable CEO is unlikely to be removed even if his performance is horrendous.<br /><br />Engineers who cannot play politics are liable to make an even greater mistake than selecting people that support them; they are likely to choose people that are like themselves.  They live in a monoculture and its difficult for them to understand that there are many groups in society and most of them have a completely different premise underlying their reality.<br /><br />So back to the question,  &quot;Why do investors ask stupid questions&quot;?  Investor&#039;s questions may seem stupid to you, but they do not seem very stupid to the investor.<br /><br />Honestly, your investors probably do not understand your business.  They do not understand your technology.  They do not understand your customers.   Stupid question usually reveal that the investors are operating under a different premise than you and they are good points to dig into to help the investor understand your business.<br /><br />Some people may say &quot;Its ridiculous that my investor does not understand my business!&quot;  However, today most executives do not even fully understand their company&#039;s business and only understand how it makes money at a very abstract level.  When you talk to management consultants who meet with executives, the consultant will often receive a ridiculous or &quot;stupid&quot; question from an executive, that belays a complete misunderstand of their business.  Its the role of the management consultants to help the executive understand what he does not know, or what he is assuming which is not true.<br /><br />Modern businesses are very complicated and to just operate and make day to day decisions, you must use a large number of heuristics.  However, your model of reality is ultimately a simplification and as time goes on, you will find that the model is deeply flawed.  Your cognitive model of reality is a dim image in a mirror; the stupid questions are the cracks in the mirror.<br /><br />People make a large number of assumptions to simply reality and make decisions (heuristics).  These assumptions are often very abstract and there is little opportunity for feedback against reality and so the naive assumptions persist for a very long time.  I do not think you should say that the &quot;question is stupid&quot;, but rather try to understand the implicit premises that underly the question (which might seem quite absurd to you).<br /><br />If you do not understand a domain (like economics and finance), its a very rare skill for a person to understand what questions to ask an expert in order to debug their own misunderstandings and discover their areas of ignorance.  It is also rare for experts to be able to debug the misunderstandings of others and dig out the underlying premises that are creating these &quot;stupid questions&quot;.<br /><br />However rare, I think these are the two most important skills for an executive to have, because without them you cannot accurately evaluate people who are different from yourself.  It is easy for an engineer to evaluate another engineer and his domain knowledge, but it is much more difficult for an engineer to evaluate the competency of a CFO.<br /><br />To summarize, investors do not ask &quot;stupid&quot; questions because they are stupid, but rather because their cognitive model of the world is different from yours.  After spending a couple hundred hours in the internet technology area, it is very difficult for a person to put themselves in the shoes of someone who only has a surface level understanding of the field.<br /><br />So whenever someone asks a &quot;stupid question&quot;, you should try to debug their cognitive model and give them concepts to understand what you are doing, instead of looking down upon them and telling yourself &quot;this person is an idiot&quot;.<br /><br />If you educate investors and are helpful, you are more likely to build up an investor&#039;s confidence in your expertise and knowledge and the investor is more willing to give you leeway and defer to your expertise in making decisions.  Investors will not understand your arguments or decisions, but it reassures them when your arguments seem well reasoned and you are able to explain the methodologies underlying your decision process.<br /><br />The best investors are subject domain experts in an area related to your business.  The next best investors are investors who trust you and who know almost nothing about your company or industry.  The worse investors are people who know a little, but do not know enough to know what they do not know and who try to actively management your company from the board of directors.  This is often where the greatest management failures occur (example: Friendster).<div class="action_bar" id="__w2_h7Iccjf_answer_actions"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1653"><a class="view_comments supp " href="#" id="__w2_Trnhmv1_view_comment_link">Add Comment</a></span><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span id="ld_GprgIi_1654"><a class="answer_permalink" href="/Why-do-VCs-angels-super-angels-ask-stupid-questions/answer/Brandon-Smietana"><span class="datetime" id="__w2_QakZ9L0_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></a><span id="ld_GprgIi_1727"></span></span></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1655"><div class="comments answer_comments hidden" id="__w2_E9KSILW_answer_comments"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1728"></div><div class="comment light p0_5">Cannot add comment at this time.</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="pagedlist_item" id="ld_GprgIi_1539"><div class="feed_item stream_feed_item p1" id="__w2_vFYfwwI_item"><div class="e_col w4_5"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1569"><div class="feed_item_question"><h2><span id="ld_GprgIi_1600"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1769"></span><a class="question_link" href="/Non-Disclosure-Agreements/Why-is-asking-a-potential-investor-to-sign-an-NDA-in-connection-with-a-pitch-meeting-commonly-viewed-as-a-faux-pas" id="__w2_HejvTuQ_link"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1770"></span>Why is asking a potential investor to sign an NDA in connection with a pitch meeting commonly viewed as a faux pas?</a></span></h2></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1570"><div class="feed_item_answer answer_text"><div class="rating_buttons"><div id="__w2_cQPSepz_answer_voting"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1656"><div class="rating_buttons "><div class="rating_options"><a class="lil_button rate_up" href="#" id="__w2_ZBOorJx_answer_vote_up_link">&nbsp;</a><a class="lil_button rate_down" href="#" id="__w2_ZBOorJx_answer_vote_down_link">&nbsp;</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="feed_item_answer_content answer_content"><div class="answer_user"><span class="feed_item_answer_user" id="__w2_cQPSepz_answer_user_sig"><a class="user" href="/Brandon-Smietana">Brandon Smietana</a><span class="rep">, </span><span id="__w2_H0sgc2a_link"><span class="rep" id="__w2_H0sgc2a_sig">&quot;Nonparametric kernel-based sequ...</span></span><div class="hover_menu hidden" style="display: none" id="__w2_H0sgc2a_menu"><div class="hover_menu_nub"></div><div class="menu_contents growl_notification" id="__w2_H0sgc2a_menu_contents"> </div></div></span><div id="__w2_cQPSepz_answer_voters"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1657"><span class="answer_voters"><span class="answer_voter_callout"><strong class="voter_count">2</strong> votes</span> by <a class="user" href="/Craig-Montuori">Craig Montuori</a> and <a class="user" href="/Mike-Mimbo">Mike Mimbo</a></span></div></div></div>DO NOT tell your investors anything you do not want your competition knowing.<br /><br />Your investors do not have to understand everything about your business.  Word gets around.<br /><br />If you sued a VC for violating a NDA or attempted to exert your legal rights, even if you were successful in court you will be ostracized and cut off from any future funding.  Assume that you will be retaliated against.  It is extremely difficult to prove violation of NDA agreements and its expensive to pursue legal action.  NDAs in reality give you very little protection.<br /><br />Investors in general will not sign NDAs because they do not want to be encumbered in investing in a competitor.  They may like your business model or technology, but may prefer to fund a different team from executing on it.<br /><br />It is not uncommon for powerpoint slide decks to be passed around to competitors.  It is not uncommon for the person being sent to do due diligence on your company to be on the board of a competitor.  It is not uncommon for a partner at a corporate venture capital arm to &quot;like your idea so much&quot; that the company decided to &quot;develop it internally&quot; (with the help of the documents you have provided).<br /><br />Investors will also often be sitting on the board of a possible competitor and signing an NDA creates legal liabilities.<br /><br />Another reason investors will not sign NDAs is that it encumbers them from colluding with other investors in similar companies to set &quot;reasonable&quot; valuations (aka. colluding to suppress valuations and to avoid bidding wars which would reduce investor returns).  Investors want to exchange price information, revenue information and other information which helps them determine what others in the market are willing to pay and to come to a consensus on valuations.<br /><br />Most of the classical Silicon Valley gossip is about; valuations, revenue, products, user numbers.  Most of this information is private and gossip serves the important function of increasing transparency and permitting comparison<wbr />s between competitors.<br /><br />Investors who bid up valuations above their &quot;fair&quot; price are locked out of syndicating deals with other investors and accused of &quot;causing a bubble&quot; in startup valuations.<br /><br /><a href="/Matt-Cohler-1/Is-Matt-Cohler-responsible-for-a-bubble-in-startup-valuations">Matt Cohler: Is Matt Cohler responsible for a bubble in startup valuations?</a><br /><br />An investor who does not conform to community and social norms, will be cut off from other investors and from deal syndication (in addition to being demonized).  You only have to recognize the type of social dynamic that is occurring here to understand why no investor will sign an NDA.  An investor may even be ostracized by other investors for violating social norms if they started signing NDAs.<br /><br />There is also the practical consideration that an investor may want to pass on investing in your company, while retaining his right to invest in similar companies in the future.<div class="action_bar" id="__w2_cQPSepz_answer_actions"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1658"><a class="view_comments supp " href="#" id="__w2_HnRQT7j_view_comment_link">7 Comments</a></span><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span id="ld_GprgIi_1659"><a class="answer_permalink" href="/Non-Disclosure-Agreements/Why-is-asking-a-potential-investor-to-sign-an-NDA-in-connection-with-a-pitch-meeting-commonly-viewed-as-a-faux-pas/answer/Brandon-Smietana"><span class="datetime" id="__w2_VCPvvrA_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></a><span id="ld_GprgIi_1729"></span></span></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1660"><div class="comments answer_comments hidden" id="__w2_CNkcm0d_answer_comments"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1730"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1800"><a name="comment_87219"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_yhcuPie_comment"><p class="comment_text">+1, especially for the Matt Cohler reference.  I had always wondered why that question was there.</p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/Mike-Mimbo">Mike Mimbo</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_xkV3KHO_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1801"><a name="comment_87222"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_RZNdIac_comment"><p class="comment_text">-1 this is a very negative view, and with some exceptions, probably unwarranted. if an entrepreneur feels he can&#039;t trust whomever he&#039;s pitching, he should probably shouldn&#039;t pitch them in the first place.</p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/Bob-Pasker">Bob Pasker</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_mjIWQYv_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1802"><a name="comment_87228"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_h6qUS1H_comment"><p class="comment_text">&quot;if an entrepreneur feels he can&#039;t trust whomever he&#039;s pitching, he should probably shouldn&#039;t pitch them in the first place.&quot;<br /><br />People who say &quot;Trust everyone&quot; or &quot;Dont do business with people you cannot trust&quot; are extremely naive.  People are not unconditionally trustworthy or unconditionally trustworthy.<br /><br />How do you determine if a person is trustworthy?  There is not a blood test for trustworthiness and most entrepreneurs do not have deep relationships with their investors.<br /><br />It is simply not possible to determine whether someone is &quot;trustworthy&quot; based upon meeting them for 10 minutes.  It is also not possible to build a successful company only dealing with people you have known for the past 20 years.</p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/Brandon-Smietana">Brandon Smietana</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_ryarGAw_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1803"><div class="comment comment_dotdotdot p0_5"><a class="supp" href="#" onclick="$(&#039;.hidden_comments_111365&#039;).toggleClass(&#039;hidden&#039;);
+                                $(this).parent().addClass(&#039;hidden&#039;);
+                                return false;">...show <span><span id="ld_GprgIi_1819">2</span></span> hidden comments...</a></div><div class="hidden_comments_111365 hidden"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1820"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1836"><a name="comment_87229"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_AQxeP7U_comment"><p class="comment_text">no, there&#039;s no blood test. but there are ways to build trust, and that&#039;s how successful personal and business relationships are formed. </p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/Bob-Pasker">Bob Pasker</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_mxnSQFw_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1837"><a name="comment_87232"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_cOGUC8l_comment"><p class="comment_text">Trust is also not binary.  There are degrees of trust. A person who you are pitching who can decide to later not investor and fund a competitor, has no obligations to you; legal, social or ethical.<br /><br />You can ask &quot;Would this person fuck me over for $20? Would this person fuck me over for $20,000?  Would this person fuck me over for $2,000,000&quot;.  What you will find is that most people are willing to fuck you over for 2 million.  It does not matter if you have been friends with them for 15 years.<br /><br />Businesses often destroy friendships and people you thought you could trust on the basis of decades of experience, turn out to not be &quot;trustworthy&quot;.  This happens betweens friends.<br /><br />Now imagine you are dealing with an investor who has no social, legal or ethical obligations to you and stands to benefit a couple million dollars personally. You would be naive to &quot;trust&quot; that person unconditionally.<br /><br />In general, you should try to minimize your exposure to risks.  That does not mean you should be suspicious of your investors, but you should not put them in a situation where a conflict of interest arises and their loyalty comes under test.</p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/Brandon-Smietana">Brandon Smietana</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_xaatQUA_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1804"><a name="comment_87233"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_WUlDRc8_comment"><p class="comment_text">Bob, all people want trust in their business relationship, but the simple reality is this is a *business* relationship, not a *love* relationship.  Based purely on the number of horror stories I have heard in this space, I believe Brandon&#039;s advice is completely justified.</p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/Mike-Mimbo">Mike Mimbo</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_utUBVFX_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1805"><a name="comment_87240"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_BFlX2LL_comment"><p class="comment_text">I will also add that there are indeed reasonably trustworthy VCs in the startup ecosystem, and certain individuals that are honest brokers.  (I&#039;ve noted that your answer to this question is relatively well-reasoned.) However, there are more than a few rotten apples in the VC industry, and it is simply impossible to evaluate trust in such a short period of time.  Trust is the stuff that is developed over time, and in the absence of that time, using due caution is in the best interest of every entrepreneurs out there. </p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/Mike-Mimbo">Mike Mimbo</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_hjH7Vcj_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div></div><div class="comment light p0_5">Cannot add comment at this time.</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="pagedlist_item" id="ld_GprgIi_1540"><div class="feed_item stream_feed_item p1" id="__w2_wtPUD0x_item"><div class="e_col w4_5"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1571"><div class="feed_item_question"><h2><span id="ld_GprgIi_1601"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1771"></span><a class="question_link" href="/Brandon-Smietana/What-do-you-think-of-this-paper-http-arxiv-org-pdf-1009-3753" id="__w2_OiCNiHI_link"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1772"></span>What do you think of this paper http://arxiv.org/pdf/1009<wbr />.3753</a></span></h2></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1572"><div class="feed_item_answer answer_text"><div class="rating_buttons"><div id="__w2_niJlAfQ_answer_voting"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1661"><div class="rating_buttons "><div class="rating_options"><a class="lil_button rate_up" href="#" id="__w2_lvGhl4r_answer_vote_up_link">&nbsp;</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="feed_item_answer_content answer_content"><div class="answer_user"><span class="feed_item_answer_user" id="__w2_niJlAfQ_answer_user_sig"><a class="user" href="/Brandon-Smietana">Brandon Smietana</a><span class="rep">, </span><span id="__w2_SMps8ib_link"><span class="rep">Founder of Symbolic Analytics</span></span><div class="hover_menu hidden" style="display: none" id="__w2_SMps8ib_menu"><div class="hover_menu_nub"></div><div class="menu_contents growl_notification" id="__w2_SMps8ib_menu_contents"> </div></div></span><div id="__w2_niJlAfQ_answer_voters"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1662"></div></div></div>There is an optimal way of doing re-balancing in the face of transaction costs.  It has something to do with &quot;polytropes&quot; and heavy linear algebra.<br /><br />I am trying to find some way of doing continuous time rebalancing.  In general, I am a bit nervous about the frameworks that are being applied to portfolio construction and the assumptions behind these frameworks.<br /><br />1&gt; Tracking the market fund is not the same as optimizing the rate of return of your portfolio over a fixed period<br /><br />2&gt; Many of the investment results for fixed periods do not generalize well to continuous trading models.  For instance, fixed period investment models like APT and CAPM allow you to show that the return a stock should be a linear function of its beta.<br /><br />However, in the continuous time models, rate of return is a quadratic function of beta! (look towards the end of <a href="http://amzn.to/bxjQcg" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" class="external_link">http://amzn.to/bxjQcg</a> )<br /><br />Two different results.  Which is true?<br /><br />On the topic of the paper<br /><br />&quot;We showed for various settings that when the transaction fee coefficient α is sufficiently high, for the investor it may be more profitable to adjust the portfolio less frequently and an optimal rebalancing period T ∗ arises.&quot;<br /><br />Is he implying that if transaction costs are low enough, that it becomes optimal to continuously rebalance<wbr />?<br /><br />&quot;When P1 &lt; 0 (the asset is not profitable), f ∗ &lt; 0 which corresponds to the so-called short selling. For simplicity we assume that both borrowing and short selling are forbidden and hence f ∈ [0; 1].&quot;<br /><br />I am not sure I like this assumption. <br /><br />&quot;Firstly, while transaction fees are maximized by f = 1/2 when investing in one asset, the situation gets more complicated when investment is distributed among several assets.&quot;<br /><br />I am not sure what the papers main result is (people should rebalance less if there are higher transaction fees) but it need to be generalized to the case of multiple correlated assets.<div class="action_bar" id="__w2_niJlAfQ_answer_actions"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1663"><a class="view_comments supp " href="#" id="__w2_iZ7KfRA_view_comment_link">1 Comment</a></span><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span id="ld_GprgIi_1664"><a class="answer_permalink" href="/Brandon-Smietana/What-do-you-think-of-this-paper-http-arxiv-org-pdf-1009-3753/answer/Brandon-Smietana"><span class="datetime" id="__w2_CxSDKXq_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></a><span id="ld_GprgIi_1731"></span></span></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1665"><div class="comments answer_comments hidden" id="__w2_EY5Hkt7_answer_comments"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1732"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1806"><a name="comment_87153"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_KuTjcQ5_comment"><p class="comment_text">Frankly it confused the heck out of me that is why I asked. Thanks for looking at it.</p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/Gary-Stein">Gary Stein</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_zH0NLH4_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div></div><div class="comment light p0_5">Cannot add comment at this time.</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="pagedlist_item" id="ld_GprgIi_1541"><div class="feed_item stream_feed_item p1" id="__w2_SvhXlBf_item"><div class="e_col w4_5"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1573"><div class="feed_item_question"><h2><span id="ld_GprgIi_1602"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1773"></span><a class="question_link" href="/With-interest-rates-at-historic-lows-why-are-college-loans-from-Fed-and-private-industry-still-at-8-5" id="__w2_SPe9gpU_link"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1774"></span>With interest rates at historic lows why are college loans from Fed and private industry still at 8.5%?</a></span></h2></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1574"><div class="feed_item_answer answer_text"><div class="rating_buttons"><div id="__w2_JDCqJJh_answer_voting"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1666"><div class="rating_buttons "><div class="rating_options"><a class="lil_button rate_up" href="#" id="__w2_Y0G7Srd_answer_vote_up_link">&nbsp;</a><a class="lil_button rate_down" href="#" id="__w2_Y0G7Srd_answer_vote_down_link">&nbsp;</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="feed_item_answer_content answer_content"><div class="answer_user"><span class="feed_item_answer_user" id="__w2_JDCqJJh_answer_user_sig"><a class="user" href="/Brandon-Smietana">Brandon Smietana</a><span class="rep">, </span><span id="__w2_xMMTKxY_link"><span class="rep">Founder of Symbolic Analytics</span></span><div class="hover_menu hidden" style="display: none" id="__w2_xMMTKxY_menu"><div class="hover_menu_nub"></div><div class="menu_contents growl_notification" id="__w2_xMMTKxY_menu_contents"> </div></div></span><div id="__w2_JDCqJJh_answer_voters"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1667"><span class="answer_voters"><span class="answer_voter_callout"><strong class="voter_count">1</strong> vote</span> by <a class="user" href="/Erik-Fair">Erik Fair</a></span></div></div></div><blockquote>Under current law, taxpayers provide as much as $9 billion each year to subsidize guaranteed student loans issued by banks. The banks earn profits on the interest; if students default, taxpayers take the loss, not the banks. In other words, working Americans pay while bankers get rich [...]<br /></blockquote><br />Student loans are privatized and guaranteed against default by the federal government.<br /><br />The interest rates are so high because someone is making a profit.<br /><br />&quot;Education Secretary Arne Duncan stepped up the campaign today to end the privatization of the student loan market and save the federal government $87 billion dollars that can be plowed into Pell Grants to make higher education affordable to students.&quot;<br /><br /><a href="http://news.firedoglake.com/2010/02/26/ed-sec-duncan-bankers-have-gotten-a-free-ride/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" class="external_link">http://news.firedoglake.c<wbr />om/2010...</a><br /><br />Basically, its price fixing of federally insured student loans through regulatory capture of the student loan industry.<div class="action_bar" id="__w2_JDCqJJh_answer_actions"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1668"><a class="view_comments supp " href="#" id="__w2_Sgr3IgP_view_comment_link">2 Comments</a></span><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span id="ld_GprgIi_1669"><a class="answer_permalink" href="/With-interest-rates-at-historic-lows-why-are-college-loans-from-Fed-and-private-industry-still-at-8-5/answer/Brandon-Smietana"><span class="datetime" id="__w2_hznT66p_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></a><span id="ld_GprgIi_1733"></span></span></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1670"><div class="comments answer_comments hidden" id="__w2_wBIOrdp_answer_comments"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1734"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1807"><a name="comment_87164"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_doFUO0I_comment"><p class="comment_text">This structure is also likely contributing to the escalation (inflation) of college tuition (prices).</p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/Erik-Fair">Erik Fair</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_hzGC7PQ_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1808"><a name="comment_87834"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_EEo6rp0_comment"><p class="comment_text">Yep,<br /><br />Colleges are also excluding poorer students because they have high student loan default rates and the colleges must maintain requirements to be eligible for receipt of federal aid.</p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/Brandon-Smietana">Brandon Smietana</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_cchatUY_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div></div><div class="comment light p0_5">Cannot add comment at this time.</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="pagedlist_item" id="ld_GprgIi_1542"><div class="feed_item stream_feed_item p1" id="__w2_eCyM1Q2_item"><div class="e_col w4_5"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1575"><div class="feed_item_question"><h2><span id="ld_GprgIi_1603"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1775"></span><a class="question_link" href="/What-is-the-future-of-money" id="__w2_PifX5Ry_link"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1776"></span>What is the future of money?</a></span></h2></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1576"><div class="feed_item_answer answer_text"><div class="rating_buttons"><div id="__w2_c1GdCtS_answer_voting"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1671"><div class="rating_buttons "><div class="rating_options"><a class="lil_button rate_up" href="#" id="__w2_dDyuvFQ_answer_vote_up_link">&nbsp;</a><a class="lil_button rate_down" href="#" id="__w2_dDyuvFQ_answer_vote_down_link">&nbsp;</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="feed_item_answer_content answer_content"><div class="answer_user"><span class="feed_item_answer_user" id="__w2_c1GdCtS_answer_user_sig"><a class="user" href="/Brandon-Smietana">Brandon Smietana</a><span class="rep">, </span><span id="__w2_FqGPAJn_link"><span class="rep">Founder of Symbolic Analytics</span></span><div class="hover_menu hidden" style="display: none" id="__w2_FqGPAJn_menu"><div class="hover_menu_nub"></div><div class="menu_contents growl_notification" id="__w2_FqGPAJn_menu_contents"> </div></div></span><div id="__w2_c1GdCtS_answer_voters"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1672"><span class="answer_voters"><span class="answer_voter_callout"><strong class="voter_count">3</strong> votes</span> by <a class="user" href="/J.C.-Hewitt">J.C. Hewitt</a>, <a class="user" href="/Mark-Bruns">Mark Bruns</a> and <a class="user" href="/Russell-Jurney">Russell Jurney</a></span></div></div></div>There is a massive demand for anonymous banking.  One fifth of the world&#039;s financial wealth was held in the Cayman Islands alone at one point in history.<br /><br />Existing asset protection schemes have relied upon privacy protection granted by sovereign nation states, but these protections have been eroded under increasing international pressure on tax havens.  Countries want to prevent capital flight, maximize tax revenues and track money lauding and the financing of terrorism.<br /><br />Previous security and privacy guarantees were protections extended by nation states; the next generation of such guarantees are likely to be enforced by mathematics instead.<br /><br />There have been steady advances in financial cryptographi<wbr />c protocols for currency exchange.  I think we will see heavily adoption of these technologies over the next fifty years.  The trend is towards decentralization and anonymity.<br /><br />There are several groups that are doing everything they can to prevent this.  It is not clear whether the financial status quo can be maintained or whether the transition is inevitable.<br /><br />&quot;Semantic Web&quot; type systems will lead to the first widespread usage of digital contracts (this eliminates the need for courts to enforce asset control and ownership for many applications) and many of the barriers and protocol limitations <wbr />that have prevented adoption of a digital currency and cryptography based banking system will be severely eroded.  There will also be a strong incentive for smaller island nation states and traditional tax havens to adopt these technologies.<div class="action_bar" id="__w2_c1GdCtS_answer_actions"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1673"><a class="view_comments supp " href="#" id="__w2_RUSfBdJ_view_comment_link">2 Comments</a></span><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span id="ld_GprgIi_1674"><a class="answer_permalink" href="/What-is-the-future-of-money/answer/Brandon-Smietana"><span class="datetime" id="__w2_MSILy00_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></a><span id="ld_GprgIi_1735"></span></span></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1675"><div class="comments answer_comments hidden" id="__w2_e9SMSIf_answer_comments"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1736"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1809"><a name="comment_86131"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_mhEpuaY_comment"><p class="comment_text">The &quot;anonymity of money&quot; is fascinating topic!!!  It touches on world history, economics, politics, game theory, mechanism design, startups ... FASCINATING!  <br /><br />In any transaction there are three parties ... buyer, seller and the entity who prints the bank notes or otherwise provides the monetary infrastructure to makes sure that the money&#039;s liquid and everybody stay happy and just keeps busy buying, selling, producing, consuming, getting taxed ... AND not fighting a civil war over the control of an inept government that can&#039;t at least make sure the money&#039;s good.  <br /><br />Smarter governments have always recognized that the underground cash economy is not really worth aggressively tracki<wbr />ng.  Gold also doesn&#039;t really matter that much -- there&#039;s a finite amount and serious global economic activity simply cannot be run on transactions based in gold ... or piles of marbles ... or stacks of art.  <br /><br />Governments are interested when BIG MONEY starts moving, they want to follow the transaction participants, get to know them, maybe tax them as much as those folks will endure, see if they can get the participants to like them...  </p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/Mark-Bruns">Mark Bruns</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_EXj7nED_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1810"><a name="comment_87002"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_pYJl7iG_comment"><p class="comment_text">With mathematical anonymity of money and no back doors for big bro, a decades old vision comes back into view. Pay taxes on your income by postcard, 5% if you like. Support your government, as much as you think they earned it. Finally big bro only can grow  if everyone else prospers.</p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/Bernd-Nurnberger">Bernd Nurnberger</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_ysISI68_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div></div><div class="comment light p0_5">Cannot add comment at this time.</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="pagedlist_item" id="ld_GprgIi_1543"><div class="feed_item stream_feed_item p1" id="__w2_Jx6fx2k_item"><div class="e_col w4_5"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1577"><div class="feed_item_question"><h2><span id="ld_GprgIi_1604"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1777"></span><a class="question_link" href="/Is-it-ethical-for-a-VC-to-pull-people-together-to-start-a-company-to-directly-compete-with-a-company-they-decided-not-to-fund" id="__w2_ULdeJSD_link"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1778"></span>Is it ethical for a VC to pull people together to start a company to directly compete with a company they decided not to fund?</a></span></h2></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1578"><div class="feed_item_answer answer_text"><div class="rating_buttons"><div id="__w2_vQ3i26g_answer_voting"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1676"><div class="rating_buttons "><div class="rating_options"><a class="lil_button rate_up" href="#" id="__w2_wGo1237_answer_vote_up_link">&nbsp;</a><a class="lil_button rate_down" href="#" id="__w2_wGo1237_answer_vote_down_link">&nbsp;</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="feed_item_answer_content answer_content"><div class="answer_user"><span class="feed_item_answer_user" id="__w2_vQ3i26g_answer_user_sig"><a class="user" href="/Brandon-Smietana">Brandon Smietana</a><span class="rep">, </span><span id="__w2_uaX5o85_link"><span class="rep">Founder of Symbolic Analytics</span></span><div class="hover_menu hidden" style="display: none" id="__w2_uaX5o85_menu"><div class="hover_menu_nub"></div><div class="menu_contents growl_notification" id="__w2_uaX5o85_menu_contents"> </div></div></span><div id="__w2_vQ3i26g_answer_voters"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1677"></div></div></div>It does not matter if its ethical.  The fiduciary obligation of the venture capitalist is to his limited partners, not to the entrepreneur. <br /><br />As long as it makes money for the VC&#039;s LPs, the VC has a financial incentive and fiduciary obligation to their LPs to do whatever is necessary to maximize the rate of return on their capital.<br /><br />Even it was unethical AND illegal, they would still do it if the net present value was positive after the cost of the lawsuit and settlement.<br /><br />You could argue that it would be unethical for the VC not to pull together an entrepreneur and founding team to compete with a company he chose not to fund, but which had an interesting product and business model.  The fiduciary obligation of the venture capitalist is to his limited partners, not to the entrepreneur. <div class="action_bar" id="__w2_vQ3i26g_answer_actions"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1678"><a class="view_comments supp " href="#" id="__w2_B6Ji7cZ_view_comment_link">7 Comments</a></span><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span id="ld_GprgIi_1679"><a class="answer_permalink" href="/Is-it-ethical-for-a-VC-to-pull-people-together-to-start-a-company-to-directly-compete-with-a-company-they-decided-not-to-fund/answer/Brandon-Smietana"><span class="datetime" id="__w2_dBK2INl_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></a><span id="ld_GprgIi_1737"></span></span></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1680"><div class="comments answer_comments hidden" id="__w2_YyUAU06_answer_comments"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1738"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1811"><a name="comment_85949"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_Od77USO_comment"><p class="comment_text">Interesting perspective. However, I would argue that the VC would need to look at the long-term impact on the fund&#039;s returns in addition to the one-time cost-benefit. If the VC develops a bad reputation, it may limit the number of deals they are exposed to in the future as well as business development opportunities for their existing portfolio companies.</p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/Andrew-DSouza">Andrew D&#039;Souza</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_VZVp2iD_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1812"><a name="comment_85951"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_xK2RNYu_comment"><p class="comment_text">&quot;If the VC develops a bad reputation&quot;<br /><br />The only reputation that matters is the reputation of the VC to his LPs.<br /><br />Most firms do not have a reputation to protect.  Entrepreneurs also cannot spread the word about bad VCs, because they will be retaliated against.<br /><br />You should read some of the stuff that Private Equity Week has written about VC retaliation against en<wbr />trepreneurs (and other VCs) for shareholder lawsuits and other matters.<br /><br />&quot;If the VC develops a bad reputation, it may limit the number of deals they are exposed to in the future as well as business development opportunities for their existing portfolio companies.&quot;<br /><br />In general, this is not true at all.  VCs only fund one out of every couple thousand deals and a typical VC makes 2 investments a year.  The vast majority of companies are not venture backed and never receive funding.<br /><br />Also, the Yahoos, Ciscos and Googles are all funded by the top tier firms such as Sequoia.  These firms are known for funding successful companies, not for being entrepreneur friend<wbr />ly.  There is a difference.</p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/Brandon-Smietana">Brandon Smietana</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_sgmouhL_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1813"><a name="comment_85964"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_xC2RQJO_comment"><p class="comment_text">What about the 90%+ funds who aren&#039;t Sequoia, but are aspiring to become top tier firms?<br /><br />Do they not risk their long-term success by alienating entrepreneurs?</p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/Andrew-DSouza">Andrew D&#039;Souza</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_ewgVl8R_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1814"><div class="comment comment_dotdotdot p0_5"><a class="supp" href="#" onclick="$(&#039;.hidden_comments_109542&#039;).toggleClass(&#039;hidden&#039;);
+                                $(this).parent().addClass(&#039;hidden&#039;);
+                                return false;">...show <span><span id="ld_GprgIi_1821">2</span></span> hidden comments...</a></div><div class="hidden_comments_109542 hidden"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1822"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1838"><a name="comment_85972"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_nyYgFDt_comment"><p class="comment_text">&quot;What about the 90%+ funds who aren&#039;t Sequoia, but are aspiring to become top tier firms?&quot;<br /><br />Their long term success is measured by returns for LPs, not be satisfaction of entrepreneurs.  Try to find the companies the VC did not fund.  Its impossible.<br /><br />An entrepreneur is going to goto dozens of VCs and what is the chance that one of them does not fund a direct competitor at some time in the future?<br /><br />The allegations are completely impossible to assert and they are not that incriminating for the VC.<br /><br />A VC personally receives 20-30% of the profits of his portfolio companies.  A VC is not going to risk losing 50 million in returns for his LPs and 20 million dollars personally by not funding a competitor.<br /><br />If your business plan looks good, but he does not like your team, they will find a competitor and fund them.  They might even throw together a team (an entrepreneur in residence and some executives) and fund them to execute on your business model.<br /><br />VCs do not sign non-compete agreements.  They do not sign NDAs.  They have no legal, ethical, moral or financial obligation to do anything but maximize returns.<br /><br />Conflict of interest and ethics is secondary to profits.<br /><br />There is a severe reputational risk to any entrepreneur who tries to call out a VC on conflict of interest or unethical behavior.  The entrepreneur loses a lot (all future chance of being funded by other VCs; who all know each other and sometimes act as a cartel) with very little benefit to the entrepreneur.<br /><br />Your powerpoint slides and business plan are going to be passed around and you will not even know about it.  If another VC funding a competitor see it, why wouldnt he pass those plans along to a competitor portfolio company?<br /><br />This happens all the time.</p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/Brandon-Smietana">Brandon Smietana</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_XCgh4hR_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1839"><a name="comment_85975"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_HFZAaV7_comment"><p class="comment_text">&quot;<b>VCs don&#039;t sign nondisclosure agreements.</b><br />That affords them protection if they like your ideas, but they want to fund someone else to do them. At least two of my friends have had their ideas stolen and funded separately. One case was blatant theft--sections of the original business plan were crudely copied and taped into the VC-sponsored plan. My friend sued and won a moral victory and a little money. The start-up based on the stolen idea went public and made lots of money for that start-up&#039;s VCs. Most entrepreneurs don&#039;t have the time, the means, or the proof to sue. In the second case, venture firm D sent its expert several times for additional &quot;due diligence&quot; regarding the possible investment. My friend got funding elsewhere, but D funded its expert with the same ideas.&quot;<br /><br /><a href="http://ycombinator.com/tredennick.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" class="external_link">http://ycombinator.com/tr<wbr />edennic...</a></p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/Brandon-Smietana">Brandon Smietana</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_XLuXmMQ_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1815"><a name="comment_85983"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_ffTVKab_comment"><p class="comment_text">I suppose the last sentence of that article highlights what you mentioned earlier... the reputational risk of publicly calling out a VC is heavily skewed toward the entrepreneur<br /><br />&quot;I wanted to publicly thank more than a dozen people for help on this essay, but they all said &quot;NO!&quot; None can afford to have the VCs find out that they contributed. &quot;</p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/Andrew-DSouza">Andrew D&#039;Souza</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_V30STfQ_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1816"><a name="comment_86053"></a><div class="comment p0_5" id="__w2_NXGzl3J_comment"><p class="comment_text">&#039;I wanted to publicly thank more than a dozen people for help on this essay, but they all said &quot;NO!&quot; None can afford to have the VCs find out that they contributed.&#039;<br /><br />Ya.  They are sort of a cartel.<br />You will not hear anyone speak out about them except on TheFunded or people who have so much money that they do not mind offending anyone (Larry Ellison).</p><p class="action_bar"><a class="user" href="/Brandon-Smietana">Brandon Smietana</a><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span class="datetime" id="__w2_rnDMTti_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></p></div></div></div><div class="comment light p0_5">Cannot add comment at this time.</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="pagedlist_item" id="ld_GprgIi_1544"><div class="feed_item stream_feed_item p1" id="__w2_O4kHuYc_item"><div class="e_col w4_5"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1579"><div class="feed_item_question"><h2><span id="ld_GprgIi_1605"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1779"></span><a class="question_link" href="/Computer-Science-Research/Is-the-entropy-of-the-web-only-22-bits" id="__w2_g13wO9j_link"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1780"></span>Is the entropy of the web only ~22 bits?</a></span></h2></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1580"><div class="feed_item_answer answer_text"><div class="rating_buttons"><div id="__w2_X6AZkL9_answer_voting"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1681"><div class="rating_buttons "><div class="rating_options"><a class="lil_button rate_up" href="#" id="__w2_ebWsTYo_answer_vote_up_link">&nbsp;</a><a class="lil_button rate_down" href="#" id="__w2_ebWsTYo_answer_vote_down_link">&nbsp;</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="feed_item_answer_content answer_content"><div class="answer_user"><span class="feed_item_answer_user" id="__w2_X6AZkL9_answer_user_sig"><a class="user" href="/Brandon-Smietana">Brandon Smietana</a><span class="rep">, </span><span id="__w2_hw5DCu8_link"><span class="rep">Founder of Symbolic Analytics</span></span><div class="hover_menu hidden" style="display: none" id="__w2_hw5DCu8_menu"><div class="hover_menu_nub"></div><div class="menu_contents growl_notification" id="__w2_hw5DCu8_menu_contents"> </div></div></span><div id="__w2_X6AZkL9_answer_voters"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1682"><span class="answer_voters"><span class="answer_voter_callout"><strong class="voter_count">2</strong> votes</span> by <a class="user" href="/Borislav-Agapiev">Borislav Agapiev</a> and <a class="user" href="/Devabhaktuni-Srikrishna">Devabhaktuni Srikrishna</a></span></div></div></div>The paper uses a fairly naive approach and achieves good results.  He is clustering users by IP address instead of by demographic variables.<br /><br />The reality is that only a very small number of websites have relevant information on them and the vast majority of the internet is spam.  Think of how many page views you generate a day and how many sites those page views occur on.  NYT, Twitter, Quora, Facebook... in reality people use only a very small number of websites and resources.<br /><br />23 bits of entropy is high for predicting the next URL the user clicks on.  The reason the paper&#039;s entropy figure was so high is that the author was clustering users only by IP address, instead of by other more informative demographic variables.<br /><br />Notice his graph in section 3 shows that the entropy estimates are robust and very similar when calculated with 1 month of data or 1.5 years of data.<br /><br />The result is not unreasonable.<div class="action_bar" id="__w2_X6AZkL9_answer_actions"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1683"><a class="view_comments supp " href="#" id="__w2_vhmMiZj_view_comment_link">Add Comment</a></span><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span id="ld_GprgIi_1684"><a class="answer_permalink" href="/Computer-Science-Research/Is-the-entropy-of-the-web-only-22-bits/answer/Brandon-Smietana"><span class="datetime" id="__w2_XBtEN65_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></a><span id="ld_GprgIi_1739"></span></span></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1685"><div class="comments answer_comments hidden" id="__w2_ksqnkGu_answer_comments"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1740"></div><div class="comment light p0_5">Cannot add comment at this time.</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="pagedlist_item" id="ld_GprgIi_1545"><div class="feed_item stream_feed_item p1" id="__w2_wcTxVSZ_item"><div class="e_col w4_5"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1581"><div class="feed_item_question"><h2><span id="ld_GprgIi_1606"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1781"></span><a class="question_link" href="/Should-you-give-an-employee-a-raise-when-they-ask-for-one" id="__w2_ZkrWA7H_link"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1782"></span>Should you give an employee a raise when they ask for one?</a></span></h2></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1582"><div class="feed_item_answer answer_text"><div class="rating_buttons"><div id="__w2_GX0QvDo_answer_voting"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1686"><div class="rating_buttons "><div class="rating_options"><a class="lil_button rate_up" href="#" id="__w2_KQEk0aU_answer_vote_up_link">&nbsp;</a><a class="lil_button rate_down" href="#" id="__w2_KQEk0aU_answer_vote_down_link">&nbsp;</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="feed_item_answer_content answer_content"><div class="answer_user"><span class="feed_item_answer_user" id="__w2_GX0QvDo_answer_user_sig"><a class="user" href="/Brandon-Smietana">Brandon Smietana</a><span class="rep">, </span><span id="__w2_oVdUXaf_link"><span class="rep">Founder of Symbolic Analytics</span></span><div class="hover_menu hidden" style="display: none" id="__w2_oVdUXaf_menu"><div class="hover_menu_nub"></div><div class="menu_contents growl_notification" id="__w2_oVdUXaf_menu_contents"> </div></div></span><div id="__w2_GX0QvDo_answer_voters"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1687"></div></div></div>There are several factors<br />1&gt; Do you need the employee?<br />2&gt; How important is money to employee?<br />3&gt; Is your company a cash-cow that has money lying around or you just getting along?<br /><br />There is not a yes/no answer to this question.<br /><br />In general, you should try to compensate your star employees enough that they are happy and unlikely to entertain other job offers.  Everyone else should be at market rate or below.<br /><br />A token 5-15 raise can forestall several tens of thousands of dollars in recruiting, interviewing, hiring and training costs. <br /><br />Other factors however affect job satisfaction more than money.  However some people are motivated by money and you should use this to your advantage.<div class="action_bar" id="__w2_GX0QvDo_answer_actions"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1688"><a class="view_comments supp " href="#" id="__w2_EELoK7j_view_comment_link">Add Comment</a></span><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span id="ld_GprgIi_1689"><a class="answer_permalink" href="/Should-you-give-an-employee-a-raise-when-they-ask-for-one/answer/Brandon-Smietana"><span class="datetime" id="__w2_vx9en1n_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></a><span id="ld_GprgIi_1741"></span></span></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1690"><div class="comments answer_comments hidden" id="__w2_afNv9zC_answer_comments"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1742"></div><div class="comment light p0_5">Cannot add comment at this time.</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="pagedlist_item" id="ld_GprgIi_1546"><div class="feed_item stream_feed_item p1" id="__w2_r2LVkzO_item"><div class="e_col w4_5"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1583"><div class="feed_item_question"><h2><span id="ld_GprgIi_1607"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1783"></span><a class="question_link" href="/How-could-the-technical-barriers-of-building-a-national-public-wireless-network-be-overcome" id="__w2_b9NOKnK_link"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1784"></span>How could the technical barriers of building a national public wireless network be overcome?</a></span></h2></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1584"><div class="feed_item_answer answer_text"><div class="rating_buttons"><div id="__w2_Xof7fQ1_answer_voting"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1691"><div class="rating_buttons "><div class="rating_options"><a class="lil_button rate_up" href="#" id="__w2_S3lUPSn_answer_vote_up_link">&nbsp;</a><a class="lil_button rate_down" href="#" id="__w2_S3lUPSn_answer_vote_down_link">&nbsp;</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="feed_item_answer_content answer_content"><div class="answer_user"><span class="feed_item_answer_user" id="__w2_Xof7fQ1_answer_user_sig"><a class="user" href="/Brandon-Smietana">Brandon Smietana</a><span class="rep">, </span><span id="__w2_RTnc6aw_link"><span class="rep">Founder of Symbolic Analytics</span></span><div class="hover_menu hidden" style="display: none" id="__w2_RTnc6aw_menu"><div class="hover_menu_nub"></div><div class="menu_contents growl_notification" id="__w2_RTnc6aw_menu_contents"> </div></div></span><div id="__w2_Xof7fQ1_answer_voters"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1692"></div></div></div>There are no unsolved technical issues.  There are only regulatory issues.<div class="action_bar" id="__w2_Xof7fQ1_answer_actions"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1693"><a class="view_comments supp " href="#" id="__w2_eewnmH9_view_comment_link">Add Comment</a></span><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span id="ld_GprgIi_1694"><a class="answer_permalink" href="/How-could-the-technical-barriers-of-building-a-national-public-wireless-network-be-overcome/answer/Brandon-Smietana"><span class="datetime" id="__w2_lQfdos8_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></a><span id="ld_GprgIi_1743"></span></span></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1695"><div class="comments answer_comments hidden" id="__w2_w8da0n8_answer_comments"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1744"></div><div class="comment light p0_5">Cannot add comment at this time.</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="pagedlist_item" id="ld_GprgIi_1547"><div class="feed_item stream_feed_item p1" id="__w2_k2Zn0w4_item"><div class="e_col w4_5"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1585"><div class="feed_item_question"><h2><span id="ld_GprgIi_1608"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1785"></span><a class="question_link" href="/What-is-the-key-to-success" id="__w2_KZFIIQk_link"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1786"></span>What is the key to success?</a></span></h2></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1586"><div class="feed_item_answer answer_text"><div class="rating_buttons"><div id="__w2_mfi0Nu7_answer_voting"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1696"><div class="rating_buttons "><div class="rating_options"><a class="lil_button rate_up" href="#" id="__w2_BUrtZ5G_answer_vote_up_link">&nbsp;</a><a class="lil_button rate_down" href="#" id="__w2_BUrtZ5G_answer_vote_down_link">&nbsp;</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="feed_item_answer_content answer_content"><div class="answer_user"><span class="feed_item_answer_user" id="__w2_mfi0Nu7_answer_user_sig"><a class="user" href="/Brandon-Smietana">Brandon Smietana</a><span class="rep">, </span><span id="__w2_oZhA0WM_link"><span class="rep">Founder of Symbolic Analytics</span></span><div class="hover_menu hidden" style="display: none" id="__w2_oZhA0WM_menu"><div class="hover_menu_nub"></div><div class="menu_contents growl_notification" id="__w2_oZhA0WM_menu_contents"> </div></div></span><div id="__w2_mfi0Nu7_answer_voters"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1697"><span class="answer_voters"><span class="answer_voter_callout"><strong class="voter_count">6</strong> votes</span> by <span id="__w2_hg2V0Tt_view_all"><a class="user" href="/Gary-Stein">Gary Stein</a>, <a class="user" href="/Lucas-Meadows">Lucas Meadows</a>, <a class="user" href="/Prakash-Swaminathan">Prakash Swaminathan</a>, </span> <a class="more_link" href="#" id="__w2_hg2V0Tt_view_all_link">(more)</a><span class="hidden" id="__w2_hg2V0Tt_all_phrases"><a class="user" href="/Gary-Stein">Gary Stein</a>, <a class="user" href="/Lucas-Meadows">Lucas Meadows</a>, <a class="user" href="/Prakash-Swaminathan">Prakash Swaminathan</a>, <a class="user" href="/Rajan-Chandi">Rajan Chandi</a>, <a class="user" href="/Steve-Leonard-1">Steve Leonard</a> and <a class="user" href="/Inigo-Sarmiento">Inigo Sarmiento</a></span></span></div></div></div>1&gt; Hustle and Bustle<br />2&gt; Having lots of money<br />3&gt; Having lots of rich white friends<br />4&gt; Having rich parents<br />5&gt; Being prepared to make severe sacrifices to be successful (quiting your job, living on ramen, working 80 hours a week, losing all your friends, backstabbing your loved ones and only making choices that have a probability of resulting in success.)<br /><br />Success is not easy.  However, people can make success easier if they redefine their measure of success to be something they already have<br /><br /><ul><li>&quot;I am successful if I can live comfortable and have a stable job and family&quot;</li><li>&quot;I am successful if I can sleep with lots of women&quot;</li><li>&quot;I am successful if my startup gives me more e-peen than my friends&quot; &lt;-- &quot;Seasoned SV Entrepreneur success&quot;</li><li>&quot;I am successful if my house is larger and my wife more attractive than those of the people I went to school with&quot;</li><li>&quot;I am successful if I have enough money that I am financially independen<wbr />t and can live modestly without being forced to work jobs I do not like&quot;</li><li>&quot;I am successful if people acknowledge me&quot;</li><li>&quot;I am successful if I have a Gulfstream&quot; &lt;-- VC goal</li><li>&quot;I am successful if my house has a better golf course than my neighbor&quot; &lt;-- VC with Gulfstream</li><li>&quot;I am successful if I spend hundreds of millions of dollars to be elected governor of California&quot; &lt;-- Meg Whitman</li><li>&quot;I am successful if I surpass Bill Gates&quot; &lt;-- Larry Ellison Goal</li></ul><br />People define what success means to them.  If being successful requires growing as a person or accomplishing somethin<wbr />g; you will have to make sacrifices to be successful and most people will fail for lack of commitment.  It is much easier and more common to define success as something you already have.  This is called complacency.<br /><br />One thing you will notice is that &quot;successful&quot; people often do not consider themselves successful.  There is no contentment in success.  You never feel successful.  You are either complacent (and bored) or are looking at the people above you.<br /><br />The joy of success is in the process of success (the sacrifice, misery and eternal toil), not the destination.<div class="action_bar" id="__w2_mfi0Nu7_answer_actions"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1698"><a class="view_comments supp " href="#" id="__w2_GIIjzKQ_view_comment_link">Add Comment</a></span><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span id="ld_GprgIi_1699"><a class="answer_permalink" href="/What-is-the-key-to-success/answer/Brandon-Smietana"><span class="datetime" id="__w2_Jutg2m1_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></a><span id="ld_GprgIi_1745"></span></span></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1700"><div class="comments answer_comments hidden" id="__w2_qIB8KAl_answer_comments"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1746"></div><div class="comment light p0_5">Cannot add comment at this time.</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="pagedlist_item" id="ld_GprgIi_1548"><div class="feed_item stream_feed_item p1" id="__w2_zorofpu_item"><div class="e_col w4_5"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1587"><div class="feed_item_question"><h2><span id="ld_GprgIi_1609"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1787"></span><a class="question_link" href="/Why-are-Quora-answers-so-long" id="__w2_bjJZ4Cq_link"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1788"></span>Why are Quora answers so long?</a></span></h2></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1588"><div class="feed_item_answer answer_text"><div class="rating_buttons"><div id="__w2_suArggU_answer_voting"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1701"><div class="rating_buttons "><div class="rating_options"><a class="lil_button rate_up" href="#" id="__w2_KoY7S5d_answer_vote_up_link">&nbsp;</a><a class="lil_button rate_down" href="#" id="__w2_KoY7S5d_answer_vote_down_link">&nbsp;</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="feed_item_answer_content answer_content"><div class="answer_user"><span class="feed_item_answer_user" id="__w2_suArggU_answer_user_sig"><a class="user" href="/Brandon-Smietana">Brandon Smietana</a><span class="rep">, </span><span id="__w2_grGRjdP_link"><span class="rep">Founder of Symbolic Analytics</span></span><div class="hover_menu hidden" style="display: none" id="__w2_grGRjdP_menu"><div class="hover_menu_nub"></div><div class="menu_contents growl_notification" id="__w2_grGRjdP_menu_contents"> </div></div></span><div id="__w2_suArggU_answer_voters"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1702"><span class="answer_voters"><span class="answer_voter_callout"><strong class="voter_count">1</strong> vote</span> by <a class="user" href="/Justin-Meltzer">Justin Meltzer</a></span></div></div></div>Long answers scare away the people from Yahoo answers.<div class="action_bar" id="__w2_suArggU_answer_actions"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1703"><a class="view_comments supp " href="#" id="__w2_qHRIjZl_view_comment_link">Add Comment</a></span><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span id="ld_GprgIi_1704"><a class="answer_permalink" href="/Why-are-Quora-answers-so-long/answer/Brandon-Smietana"><span class="datetime" id="__w2_MWYYH1W_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></a><span id="ld_GprgIi_1747"></span></span></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1705"><div class="comments answer_comments hidden" id="__w2_J2gwPtW_answer_comments"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1748"></div><div class="comment light p0_5">Cannot add comment at this time.</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="pagedlist_item" id="ld_GprgIi_1549"><div class="feed_item stream_feed_item p1" id="__w2_H89ThmL_item"><div class="e_col w4_5"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1589"><div class="feed_item_question"><h2><span id="ld_GprgIi_1610"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1789"></span><a class="question_link" href="/Startup-Failure/Why-do-startups-fail" id="__w2_cEWSiR8_link"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1790"><span class="best_source_icon" id="__w2_puKt84j_icon"></span></span>Why do startups fail?</a></span></h2></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1590"><div class="feed_item_answer answer_text"><div class="rating_buttons"><div id="__w2_Pf4HZhV_answer_voting"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1706"><div class="rating_buttons "><div class="rating_options"><a class="lil_button rate_up" href="#" id="__w2_UApTfwp_answer_vote_up_link">&nbsp;</a><a class="lil_button rate_down" href="#" id="__w2_UApTfwp_answer_vote_down_link">&nbsp;</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="feed_item_answer_content answer_content"><div class="answer_user"><span class="feed_item_answer_user" id="__w2_Pf4HZhV_answer_user_sig"><a class="user" href="/Brandon-Smietana">Brandon Smietana</a><span class="rep">, </span><span id="__w2_HcstyKK_link"><span class="rep">Founder of Symbolic Analytics</span></span><div class="hover_menu hidden" style="display: none" id="__w2_HcstyKK_menu"><div class="hover_menu_nub"></div><div class="menu_contents growl_notification" id="__w2_HcstyKK_menu_contents"> </div></div></span><div id="__w2_Pf4HZhV_answer_voters"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1707"><span class="answer_voters"><span class="answer_voter_callout"><strong class="voter_count">1</strong> vote</span> by <a class="user" href="/Tyler-Willis">Tyler Willis</a></span></div></div></div>A company fails when it runs out of money.<br /><br />Startups fail because most people start a companies for the e-peen or to &quot;change the world&quot;, instead of for the money.<div class="action_bar" id="__w2_Pf4HZhV_answer_actions"><span id="ld_GprgIi_1708"><a class="view_comments supp " href="#" id="__w2_gluLJmb_view_comment_link">Add Comment</a></span><span class="bullet"> &bull; </span><span id="ld_GprgIi_1709"><a class="answer_permalink" href="/Startup-Failure/Why-do-startups-fail/answer/Brandon-Smietana"><span class="datetime" id="__w2_moT86JG_datespan">Insert a dynamic date here</span></a><span id="ld_GprgIi_1749"></span></span></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1710"><div class="comments answer_comments hidden" id="__w2_qv9Aj9P_answer_comments"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1750"></div><div class="comment light p0_5">Cannot add comment at this time.</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1550"><div class="hidden" id="__w2_iSjuXpd_loading"><span class="__wn2_loading"><span class="__wn2_loading_spinner"></span><span class="__wn2_loading_text">Loading...</span></span></div><div class="pager_next action_button" id="__w2_iSjuXpd_more">More</div></div></div></div></div><div class="e_col w2_5 side_col"><div class="row"><div class="e_col w1 p1"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1510"><div class="profile_photo"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1513"><a href="/Brandon-Smietana"><img class="profile_photo_img" src="http://d2o7bfz2il9cb7.cloudfront.net/main-thumb-6673-100-iQY07uHy4EIxliIOKB2oVtdnn7FsdmZc.jpeg" width="100" alt="Brandon Smietana" height="100" /></a></div></div></div></div><div class="e_col w1_5 side_col p1"><div class="light page_opts row"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1511"><ul class="action_list"></ul></div></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1512"><div class="row p1"><div class="col mini_count first"><a href="/Brandon-Smietana/followers"><strong>353</strong><br />Followers</a></div><div class="col mini_count "><a href="/Brandon-Smietana/following"><strong>212</strong><br />Following</a></div><div class="col mini_count "><a href="/Brandon-Smietana/mentions"><strong>16</strong><br />@Mentions</a></div></div></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1508"><div class="row section p1" id="answers"><strong>Recent Top Answers</strong><div id="ld_GprgIi_1515"><div class="feed_item stream_feed_item p1 row"><div class="w0_5 e_col"><div class="big_number_stat"><div class="number">16</div><div class="text">Votes</div></div></div><div class="e_col side_col w2"><div class="feed_item_question"><h2><a href="/What-is-Zyngas-core-competency/answer/Brandon-Smietana">What is Zynga&#039;s core competency?</a></h2></div><div class="inline" id="__w2_Su8PoSw_truncated"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1520"><div class="truncated_thumbnail_holder"></div>Strengths:<br /><ul><li>a large installed user base for cross promotion...</li></ul> <a class="more_link" href="#" id="__w2_HHUsCqj_more_link">(more)</a> </div></div><div class="hidden expanded_q_text" id="__w2_Su8PoSw_expanded"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1521">Strengths:<br /><ul><li>a large installed user base for cross promotion</li><li>massive amounts of capital for advertising</li><li>unfair relationship with Facebook (through the Old Boy&#039;s club, Zynga&#039;s IP portfolio and its position as Facebook&#039;s largest advertiser).  For instance, its likely that Zynga receives free advertising on Facebook&#039;s ad network to offset the loss of revenue from Zynga adopting Facebook credits.  Or equivalently, Zynga pays a lower cut to Facebook than other developers, due to Zynga&#039;s bargaining position.</li><li>An extremely large staff of people whose full time job is buying display advertising</li></ul><br />Weaknesses:<br /><ul><li>Technical debt; is using 12+ layers of memcached just to keep Farmville online.  Horribly designed architecture.  Will have to be completely redone if Zynga wants to build more complicated social games.  Is adding hundreds of servers per day to compensate for its software architecture<wbr />.  However, Zynga has the money and developers to address this problem.</li><li>Grew organization too fast and is strained under the growing pains of expanding to 700+ employees in under 3 years and then restructuring.  Few companies survive this type of rapid growth without falling apart or becoming inefficient.  It is extremely difficult to scale this large extremely rapidly and the management team did well in handling this phase.</li><li>Zynga is currently reliant on the Facebook platform.  Facebook often changes the rules of the platform to harm developers (reducing viral channels, eliminating non-advertising channels for user acquisition, decreasing developer margins by 30% through Facebook credits).  Zynga&#039;s margin were decreased significantly by the transition to Facebook credits and Zynga is at the mercy of Facebook.  Zynga is mitigating its platform risk by developing its own gaming network and through joint initiatives with Yahoo and Google.</li><li>Zynga has lower margins and lower ARPU than other studies whose user acquisition is not as advertising driven.  Games targeting specific niches have lower MAUs, but higher ARPU than Farmville type games.  Zynga has low ARPU (compared to RPG game studios) and but offsets this with high MAU numbers.  Zynga&#039;s per employee revenue is smaller than many studios for these reasons.</li></ul><br />Zynga&#039;s core competencies do not include engineering or producing creative or in-depth games.<br /><br />To summarize  Zynga&#039;s core competencies are<br /><ul><li>Advertising / User Acquisition</li><li>Leveraging its cross promotion network and installed base</li><li>Knowledge about targeting the &quot;casual gamer&quot; demographic</li><li>Knowledge about monetizing social games (&quot;add in game coins&quot;)</li><li>Knowledge about the application of specific social game mechanics (especially the &#039;harvest mechanism&#039;)</li><li>Extensive use of A/B testing.  Zynga has an A/B testing centered culture.</li></ul><br />The biggest threat to Zynga is the proliferation of a large number of games with higher ARPU than Farmville type games.  When user acquisition is advertising driven, companies with higher ARPU bid up advertising costs to the point that lower ARPU games cannot acquire users profitably.  Market segmentation may be a threat to Zynga&#039;s continued growth in the US market.<br /><br />It will be interesting to see how the social gaming market evolves over the next decade.</div></div></div></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1516"><div class="feed_item stream_feed_item p1 row"><div class="w0_5 e_col"><div class="big_number_stat"><div class="number">6</div><div class="text">Votes</div></div></div><div class="e_col side_col w2"><div class="feed_item_question"><h2><a href="/Startup-Advice/As-a-first-time-entrepreneur-what-part-of-the-process-were-you-completely-blind-to/answer/Brandon-Smietana">As a first time entrepreneur, what part of the process were you completely blind to?</a></h2></div><div class="inline" id="__w2_KLtdUkV_truncated"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1522"><div class="truncated_thumbnail_holder"></div>Innovation is extremely expensive and is often a moonshot.<br />... <a class="more_link" href="#" id="__w2_QNJkaiA_more_link">(more)</a> </div></div><div class="hidden expanded_q_text" id="__w2_KLtdUkV_expanded"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1523">Innovation is extremely expensive and is often a moonshot.<br /><br />Copying, improving on and burying competitors in a small market is easy and fun.</div></div></div></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1517"><div class="feed_item stream_feed_item p1 row"><div class="w0_5 e_col"><div class="big_number_stat"><div class="number">5</div><div class="text">Votes</div></div></div><div class="e_col side_col w2"><div class="feed_item_question"><h2><a href="/Why-do-some-web-companies-take-venture-capital-while-others-do-not-and-grow-organically-even-though-they-may-address-similar-problems/answer/Brandon-Smietana">Why do some web companies take venture capital, while others do not and grow organically, even though they may address similar problems?</a></h2></div><div class="inline" id="__w2_qkc0TNv_truncated"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1524"><div class="truncated_thumbnail_holder"></div>Silicon Valley has an &quot;equity culture&quot;. <a class="more_link" href="#" id="__w2_wl4mrfP_more_link">(more)</a> </div></div><div class="hidden expanded_q_text" id="__w2_qkc0TNv_expanded"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1525">Silicon Valley has an &quot;equity culture&quot;.<br /><br />Bootstrapped companies do not receive media coverage.  Evony had more revenues than Zynga for years and almost no one know about them.  There are a number of other examples.<br /><br />Most VC investments occur in a few geographic regions and expecially in the SF area.  There are however thousands of web companies taking in millions a year in revenue that are not located in silicon valley.  The vast majority of companies do not take venture capital.  In fact almost half of the companies who IPO do not take any venture capital at all (even &quot;growth equity&quot;).<br /><br />In general, companies that have higher capital costs tend to take on venture capital.  Companies that have lower margins and require larger scale for profitability require venture capital.  Companies that will not be profitable but which have a large number of users (twitter) require venture capital.<br /><br />However, what is concerning is when you see a profitable company which is awash in cash taking on venture capital.  That has to do more with the Silicon Valley &quot;equity culture&quot; than anything else.<br /><br />The reality is that most companies are not venture backed and never will be. You are either profitable in the first three years or bankrupt.  Also, if you are in a 100% margin industry like software, then when you succeed your income grows disproportionately <wbr />quickly compared to your costs (&quot;increasing returns&quot;).  This is completely different than a low margin industry such as retailing.</div></div></div></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1518"><div class="feed_item stream_feed_item p1 row"><div class="w0_5 e_col"><div class="big_number_stat"><div class="number">3</div><div class="text">Votes</div></div></div><div class="e_col side_col w2"><div class="feed_item_question"><h2><a href="/Non-Disclosure-Agreements/Why-is-asking-a-potential-investor-to-sign-an-NDA-in-connection-with-a-pitch-meeting-commonly-viewed-as-a-faux-pas/answer/Brandon-Smietana">Why is asking a potential investor to sign an NDA in connection with a pitch meeting commonly viewed as a faux pas?</a></h2></div><div class="inline" id="__w2_w3whHAt_truncated"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1526"><div class="truncated_thumbnail_holder"></div>DO NOT tell your investors anything you do not want your competition knowing. <a class="more_link" href="#" id="__w2_rLmsv1C_more_link">(more)</a> </div></div><div class="hidden expanded_q_text" id="__w2_w3whHAt_expanded"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1527">DO NOT tell your investors anything you do not want your competition knowing.<br /><br />Your investors do not have to understand everything about your business.  Word gets around.<br /><br />If you sued a VC for violating a NDA or attempted to exert your legal rights, even if you were successful in court you will be ostracized and cut off from any future funding.  Assume that you will be retaliated against.  It is extremely difficult to prove violation of NDA agreements and its expensive to pursue legal action.  NDAs in reality give you very little protection.<br /><br />Investors in general will not sign NDAs because they do not want to be encumbered in investing in a competitor.  They may like your business model or technology, but may prefer to fund a different team from executing on it.<br /><br />It is not uncommon for powerpoint slide decks to be passed around to competitors.  It is not uncommon for the person being sent to do due diligence on your company to be on the board of a competitor.  It is not uncommon for a partner at a corporate venture capital arm to &quot;like your idea so much&quot; that the company decided to &quot;develop it internally&quot; (with the help of the documents you have provided).<br /><br />Investors will also often be sitting on the board of a possible competitor and signing an NDA creates legal liabilities.<br /><br />Another reason investors will not sign NDAs is that it encumbers them from colluding with other investors in similar companies to set &quot;reasonable&quot; valuations (aka. colluding to suppress valuations and to avoid bidding wars which would reduce investor returns).  Investors want to exchange price information, revenue information and other information which helps them determine what others in the market are willing to pay and to come to a consensus on valuations.<br /><br />Most of the classical Silicon Valley gossip is about; valuations, revenue, products, user numbers.  Most of this information is private and gossip serves the important function of increasing transparency and permitting comparison<wbr />s between competitors.<br /><br />Investors who bid up valuations above their &quot;fair&quot; price are locked out of syndicating deals with other investors and accused of &quot;causing a bubble&quot; in startup valuations.<br /><br /><a href="/Matt-Cohler-1/Is-Matt-Cohler-responsible-for-a-bubble-in-startup-valuations">Matt Cohler: Is Matt Cohler responsible for a bubble in startup valuations?</a><br /><br />An investor who does not conform to community and social norms, will be cut off from other investors and from deal syndication (in addition to being demonized).  You only have to recognize the type of social dynamic that is occurring here to understand why no investor will sign an NDA.  An investor may even be ostracized by other investors for violating social norms if they started signing NDAs.<br /><br />There is also the practical consideration that an investor may want to pass on investing in your company, while retaining his right to invest in similar companies in the future.</div></div></div></div></div><div id="ld_GprgIi_1519"><div class="feed_item stream_feed_item p1 row"><div class="w0_5 e_col"><div class="big_number_stat"><div class="number">3</div><div class="text">Votes</div></div></div><div class="e_col side_col w2"><div class="feed_item_question"><h2><a href="/What-is-the-future-of-money/answer/Brandon-Smietana">What is the future of money?</a></h2></div><div class="inline" id="__w2_yMt4Je0_truncated"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1528"><div class="truncated_thumbnail_holder"></div>There is a massive demand for anonymous banking.  One fifth of the world&#039;s financial wealth was held in the Cayman Islands alone at one point in hi... <a class="more_link" href="#" id="__w2_JYKVXl7_more_link">(more)</a> </div></div><div class="hidden expanded_q_text" id="__w2_yMt4Je0_expanded"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1529">There is a massive demand for anonymous banking.  One fifth of the world&#039;s financial wealth was held in the Cayman Islands alone at one point in history.<br /><br />Existing asset protection schemes have relied upon privacy protection granted by sovereign nation states, but these protections have been eroded under increasing international pressure on tax havens.  Countries want to prevent capital flight, maximize tax revenues and track money lauding and the financing of terrorism.<br /><br />Previous security and privacy guarantees were protections extended by nation states; the next generation of such guarantees are likely to be enforced by mathematics instead.<br /><br />There have been steady advances in financial cryptographi<wbr />c protocols for currency exchange.  I think we will see heavily adoption of these technologies over the next fifty years.  The trend is towards decentralization and anonymity.<br /><br />There are several groups that are doing everything they can to prevent this.  It is not clear whether the financial status quo can be maintained or whether the transition is inevitable.<br /><br />&quot;Semantic Web&quot; type systems will lead to the first widespread usage of digital contracts (this eliminates the need for courts to enforce asset control and ownership for many applications) and many of the barriers and protocol limitations <wbr />that have prevented adoption of a digital currency and cryptography based banking system will be severely eroded.  There will also be a strong incentive for smaller island nation states and traditional tax havens to adopt these technologies.</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="footer wrapper"><div class="contents"><div class="footer_nav row"><div class="e_col footer_links w8"><div id="ld_GprgIi_1509"><ul class="nav_list"><li class="about"><a href="/about">About</a></li><li class="jobs"><a href="/jobs">Jobs</a></li><li class="privacy"><a href="/about/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="tos"><a href="/about/tos">Terms</a></li><li class="press"><a href="/press">Press</a></li><li><span class="bullet"> &bull; 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{LiveNode.syncLivedeps();}</script><div id="fb-root"></div><script type="text/javascript" src="http://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">Quora.FB.init("60925f5aa42ecd9099f10c34187094d7");</script>
+<script type="text/javascript">
+      var _gaq = _gaq || [];
+      _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-16618355-1']);
+      _gaq.push(['_setDomainName', 'quora.com']);
+      _gaq.push(['_setCustomVar', 1, 'is_logged_in', false, 3]);
+      _gaq.push(['_setCustomVar', 2, 'is_mobile', false, 3]);
+      _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);
+
+      (function() {
+        var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true;
+        ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
+        var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
+      })();
+</script></body></html><!--perf-->

data/test/test_server.rb

@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ class TestServer < MiniTest::Unit::TestCase
   def test_no_plugin
     assert_raises(OpenURI::HTTPError) { open("http://#{ADDR}:#{@port}") }
     assert_raises(OpenURI::HTTPError) { open("http://#{ADDR}:#{@port}/?p=INVALID") }
+    # 'o' is missing
+    assert_raises(OpenURI::HTTPError) { open("http://#{ADDR}:#{@port}/?p=quora") }
   end
 
   def test_right_plugin
@@ -35,5 +37,10 @@ class TestServer < MiniTest::Unit::TestCase
     open("http://#{ADDR}:#{@port}/?p=bwk") { |f| r = f.read }
     # wget -q -O - 127.0.0.1:9042/\?p=bwk | md5
     assert_equal('d547f81d2e05ff11713cd3b5472b161a', Digest::MD5.hexdigest(r))
+
+    r = ''
+    open("http://#{ADDR}:#{@port}/?p=quora&o=foo") { |f| r = f.read }
+    # wget -q -O - 127.0.0.1:9042/\?p=quora&o=foo | md5
+    assert_equal('08deadc7c1c2ef30f5858148ddaae9b4', Digest::MD5.hexdigest(r))
   end
 end

metadata

@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version
   prerelease: false
   segments: 
   - 0
-  - 0
   - 1
-  version: 0.0.1
+  - 1
+  version: 0.1.1
 platform: ruby
 authors: 
 - Alexander Gromnitsky
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ autorequire:
 bindir: bin
 cert_chain: []
 
-date: 2010-09-30 00:00:00 +03:00
+date: 2010-10-10 00:00:00 +03:00
 default_executable: bwkfanboy
 dependencies: 
 - !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency 
@@ -89,9 +89,14 @@ extra_rdoc_files:
 - bin/bwkfanboy
 - bin/bwkfanboy_server
 - bin/bwkfanboy_fetch
+- doc/plugin.rdoc
+- doc/README.rdoc
+- doc/NEWS.rdoc
 files: 
 - lib/bwkfanboy/plugins/bwk.rb
 - lib/bwkfanboy/plugins/freebsd-ports-update.rb
+- lib/bwkfanboy/plugins/quora.js
+- lib/bwkfanboy/plugins/quora.rb
 - lib/bwkfanboy/parser.rb
 - lib/bwkfanboy/utils.rb
 - lib/bwkfanboy/schema.js
@@ -102,6 +107,7 @@ files:
 - bin/bwkfanboy_fetch
 - doc/plugin.rdoc
 - doc/README.rdoc
+- doc/NEWS.rdoc
 - README.rdoc
 - Rakefile
 - TODO
@@ -110,6 +116,7 @@ files:
 - test/plugins/bwk.rb
 - test/semis/bwk.html
 - test/semis/bwk.json
+- test/semis/quora.html
 - test/test_fetch.rb
 - test/test_parse.rb
 - test/xml-clean.sh