bugsnag 6.13.1 → 6.18.0

data/spec/middleware_spec.rb

@@ -1,254 +0,0 @@
-require 'spec_helper'
-require 'fixtures/middleware/public_info_setter'
-require 'fixtures/middleware/internal_info_setter'
-
-describe Bugsnag::MiddlewareStack do
-  it "runs before_bugsnag_notify callbacks, adding a tab" do
-    callback_run_count = 0
-    Bugsnag.before_notify_callbacks << lambda {|notif|
-      notif.add_tab(:some_tab, {
-        :info => "here",
-        :data => "also here"
-      })
-      callback_run_count += 1
-    }
-
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed"))
-    expect(callback_run_count).to eq(1)
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(event["metaData"]["some_tab"]).not_to be_nil
-      expect(event["metaData"]["some_tab"]["info"]).to eq("here")
-      expect(event["metaData"]["some_tab"]["data"]).to eq("also here")
-    }
-
-  end
-
-  it "runs before_bugsnag_notify callbacks, adding custom data" do
-    callback_run_count = 0
-    Bugsnag.before_notify_callbacks << lambda {|notif|
-      notif.add_tab(:custom, {info: "here"})
-      notif.add_tab(:custom, {data: "also here"})
-
-      callback_run_count += 1
-    }
-
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed"))
-    expect(callback_run_count).to eq(1)
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(event["metaData"]["custom"]).not_to be_nil
-      expect(event["metaData"]["custom"]["info"]).to eq("here")
-      expect(event["metaData"]["custom"]["data"]).to eq("also here")
-    }
-
-  end
-
-  it "runs before_bugsnag_notify callbacks, setting the user" do
-    callback_run_count = 0
-    Bugsnag.before_notify_callbacks << lambda {|notif|
-      notif.user = {:id => "here", :email => "also here", :name => "also here too", :random_key => "also here too too"}
-      callback_run_count += 1
-    }
-
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed"))
-    expect(callback_run_count).to eq(1)
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(event["user"]).not_to be_nil
-      expect(event["user"]["id"]).to eq("here")
-      expect(event["user"]["email"]).to eq("also here")
-      expect(event["user"]["name"]).to eq("also here too")
-      expect(event["user"]["random_key"]).to eq("also here too too")
-    }
-
-  end
-
-  it "allows block to override values set by internal middleware" do
-    Bugsnag.configuration.internal_middleware.use(InternalInfoSetter)
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed")) do |report|
-      report.meta_data.merge!({custom: {info: 'overridden'}})
-    end
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(event["metaData"]["custom"]).not_to be_nil
-      expect(event["metaData"]["custom"]["info"]).to eq("overridden")
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "allows block to override public middleware" do
-    Bugsnag.configuration.middleware.use(PublicInfoSetter)
-
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed")) do |report|
-      report.meta_data.merge!({custom: {info: 'overridden'}})
-    end
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(event["metaData"]["custom"]).not_to be_nil
-      expect(event["metaData"]["custom"]["info"]).to eq("overridden")
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "does not have have before callbacks by default" do
-    expect(Bugsnag.before_notify_callbacks.size).to eq(0)
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed"))
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(event["metaData"].size).to eq(0)
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "does not execute disabled bugsnag middleware" do
-    callback_run_count = 0
-    Bugsnag.configure do |config|
-      config.middleware.disable(Bugsnag::Middleware::Callbacks)
-    end
-
-    Bugsnag.before_notify_callbacks << lambda {|notif|
-      callback_run_count += 1
-    }
-
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed"))
-    expect(callback_run_count).to eq(0)
-  end
-
-  it "does not notify if a callback told so" do
-    Bugsnag.before_notify_callbacks << lambda do |notif|
-      notif.ignore!
-    end
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed"))
-    expect(Bugsnag).not_to have_sent_notification
-  end
-
-  it "allows inspection of meta_data before ignoring exception" do
-    # Use before notify callbacks as only the callback based metadata is
-    # available to before_notify_callbacks
-    Bugsnag.before_notify_callbacks << lambda do |notif|
-      notif.add_tab(:sidekiq, {:retry_count => 4})
-    end
-
-    Bugsnag.before_notify_callbacks << lambda do |notif|
-      notif.ignore! if notif.meta_data[:sidekiq][:retry_count] > 3
-    end
-
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed"))
-    expect(Bugsnag).not_to have_sent_notification
-
-  end
-
-  it "allows meta_data to be modified in a middleware" do
-    MetaDataAdder = Class.new do
-      def initialize(bugsnag)
-        @bugsnag = bugsnag
-      end
-
-      def call(report)
-        report.meta_data = {test: {value: "abcdef123456abcdef123456abcdef123456"}}
-        @bugsnag.call(report)
-      end
-    end
-
-    MetaDataMunger = Class.new do
-      def initialize(bugsnag)
-        @bugsnag = bugsnag
-      end
-
-      def call(report)
-        token = report.meta_data[:test][:value]
-        report.meta_data[:test][:value] = "#{token[0...6]}*****#{token[-4..-1]}"
-        @bugsnag.call(report)
-      end
-    end
-
-    Bugsnag.configure do |c|
-      c.middleware.use MetaDataAdder
-      c.middleware.use MetaDataMunger
-    end
-
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed"))
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(event["metaData"]['test']['value']).to eq("abcdef*****3456")
-    }
-  end
-
-  if ruby_version_greater_equal?("2.3.0")
-    context "with a ruby version >= 2.3.0" do
-      it "attaches did you mean metadata when necessary" do
-        begin
-          "Test".prepnd "T"
-        rescue Exception => e
-          Bugsnag.notify(e)
-        end
-
-        expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-          event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-          expect(event["metaData"]["error"]).to_not be_nil
-          expect(event["metaData"]["error"]).to eq({"suggestion" => "prepend"})
-        }
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  context "with a ruby version < 2.3.0" do
-    if !ruby_version_greater_equal?("2.3.0")
-      it "doesn't attach did you mean metadata" do
-        begin
-          "Test".prepnd "T"
-        rescue Exception => e
-          Bugsnag.notify(e)
-        end
-
-        expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-          event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-          expect(event["metaData"]["error"]).to be_nil
-        }
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  it "doesn't allow handledState properties to be changed in middleware" do
-    HandledStateChanger = Class.new do
-      def initialize(bugsnag)
-        @bugsnag = bugsnag
-      end
-
-      def call(report)
-        report.severity_reason = {
-          :test => "test"
-        }
-        @bugsnag.call(report)
-      end
-    end
-
-    Bugsnag.configure do |c|
-      c.middleware.use HandledStateChanger
-    end
-
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed"), true) do |report|
-      report.severity_reason = {
-        :type => "middleware_handler",
-        :attributes => {
-          :name => "middleware_test"
-        }
-      }
-    end
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(event["unhandled"]).to be true
-      expect(event["severityReason"]).to eq({
-        "type" => "middleware_handler",
-        "attributes" => {
-          "name" => "middleware_test"
-        }
-      })
-    }
-  end
-end

data/spec/middleware_stack_spec.rb

@@ -1,151 +0,0 @@
-require 'spec_helper'
-
-class TestMiddleware
-  def initialize(bugsnag)
-    @bugsnag = bugsnag
-  end
-
-  def call(report)
-    @bugsnag.call(report)
-  end
-end
-
-module Bugsnag
-  class MiddlewareStack
-    attr_reader :middlewares
-    attr_reader :disabled_middleware
-  end
-end
-
-describe Bugsnag::MiddlewareStack do
-  describe "defaults" do
-    it "to empty middleware lists" do
-      expect(subject.middlewares.size).to eq(0)
-      expect(subject.disabled_middleware.size).to eq(0)
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "use" do
-    it "allows middleware to be added to the stack" do
-      middleware = TestMiddleware.new(nil)
-      subject.use(middleware)
-      expect(subject.middlewares.size).to eq(1)
-      expect(subject.middlewares.last).to eq(middleware)
-    end
-
-    it "doesn't add middleware more than once" do
-      middleware = TestMiddleware.new(nil)
-      subject.use(middleware)
-      expect(subject.middlewares.size).to eq(1)
-      subject.use(middleware)
-      expect(subject.middlewares.size).to eq(1)
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "disable" do
-    it "adds middleware to a disabled list" do
-      middleware = TestMiddleware.new(nil)
-      subject.disable(middleware)
-      expect(subject.disabled_middleware.size).to eq(1)
-      expect(subject.disabled_middleware.last).to eq(middleware)
-    end
-
-    it "prevents middleware from being added" do
-      middleware = TestMiddleware.new(nil)
-      subject.disable(middleware)
-      subject.use(middleware)
-      expect(subject.middlewares.size).to eq(0)
-    end
-
-    it "removes already added middleware" do
-      middleware = TestMiddleware.new(nil)
-      subject.use(middleware)
-      expect(subject.middlewares.size).to eq(1)
-      subject.disable(middleware)
-      expect(subject.middlewares.size).to eq(0)
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "insert_before" do
-    it "inserts middleware before specified middleware" do
-      middleware_one = TestMiddleware.new(nil)
-      middleware_two = TestMiddleware.new(nil)
-      subject.use(middleware_one)
-      expect(subject.middlewares.size).to eq(1)
-      expect(subject.middlewares.first).to eq(middleware_one)
-      subject.insert_before(middleware_one, middleware_two)
-      expect(subject.middlewares.size).to eq(2)
-      expect(subject.middlewares.first).to eq(middleware_two)
-    end
-
-    it "appends middleware otherwise" do
-      middleware_one = TestMiddleware.new(nil)
-      middleware_two = TestMiddleware.new(nil)
-      subject.use(middleware_one)
-      expect(subject.middlewares.size).to eq(1)
-      expect(subject.middlewares.first).to eq(middleware_one)
-      subject.insert_before(nil, middleware_two)
-      expect(subject.middlewares.size).to eq(2)
-      expect(subject.middlewares.first).to eq(middleware_one)
-    end
-
-    it "accepts an array of middleware to insert before" do
-      middleware_one = TestMiddleware.new(nil)
-      middleware_two = TestMiddleware.new(nil)
-      middleware_three = TestMiddleware.new(nil)
-      subject.use(middleware_one)
-      subject.use(middleware_two)
-      expect(subject.middlewares.size).to eq(2)
-      expect(subject.middlewares.first).to eq(middleware_one)
-      subject.insert_before([middleware_one, middleware_two], middleware_three)
-      expect(subject.middlewares.size).to eq(3)
-      expect(subject.middlewares.first).to eq(middleware_three)
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "insert_after" do
-    it "inserts middleware after specified middleware" do
-      middleware_one = TestMiddleware.new(nil)
-      middleware_two = TestMiddleware.new(nil)
-      subject.use(middleware_one)
-      expect(subject.middlewares.size).to eq(1)
-      expect(subject.middlewares.first).to eq(middleware_one)
-      subject.insert_after(middleware_one, middleware_two)
-      expect(subject.middlewares.size).to eq(2)
-      expect(subject.middlewares.last).to eq(middleware_two)
-    end
-
-    it "appends middleware otherwise" do
-      middleware_one = TestMiddleware.new(nil)
-      middleware_two = TestMiddleware.new(nil)
-      subject.use(middleware_one)
-      expect(subject.middlewares.size).to eq(1)
-      expect(subject.middlewares.first).to eq(middleware_one)
-      subject.insert_after(nil, middleware_two)
-      expect(subject.middlewares.size).to eq(2)
-      expect(subject.middlewares.first).to eq(middleware_one)
-    end
-
-    it "accepts an array of middleware to insert after" do
-      middleware_one = TestMiddleware.new(nil)
-      middleware_two = TestMiddleware.new(nil)
-      middleware_three = TestMiddleware.new(nil)
-      subject.use(middleware_one)
-      subject.use(middleware_two)
-      expect(subject.middlewares.size).to eq(2)
-      expect(subject.middlewares.last).to eq(middleware_two)
-      subject.insert_after([middleware_one, middleware_two], middleware_three)
-      expect(subject.middlewares.size).to eq(3)
-      expect(subject.middlewares.last).to eq(middleware_three)
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "method_missing" do
-    it "calls send and proxies the method into the array" do
-      middleware = TestMiddleware.new(nil)
-      subject.method_missing(:<<, middleware)
-      expect(subject.middlewares.size).to eq(1)
-      expect(subject.middlewares.last).to eq(middleware)
-    end
-  end
-end

data/spec/report_spec.rb

@@ -1,1282 +0,0 @@
-# encoding: utf-8
-require 'spec_helper'
-require 'securerandom'
-require 'ostruct'
-
-module ActiveRecord; class RecordNotFound < RuntimeError; end; end
-class NestedException < StandardError; attr_accessor :original_exception; end
-class BugsnagTestExceptionWithMetaData < Exception; include Bugsnag::MetaData; end
-class BugsnagSubclassTestException < BugsnagTestException; end
-
-class Ruby21Exception < RuntimeError
-  attr_accessor :cause
-  def self.raise!(msg)
-    e = new(msg)
-    e.cause = $!
-    raise e
-  end
-end
-
-class JRubyException
-  def self.raise!
-    new.gloops
-  end
-
-  def gloops
-    java.lang.System.out.printf(nil)
-  end
-end
-
-describe Bugsnag::Report do
-  it "should contain an api_key if one is set" do
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed"))
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      expect(headers["Bugsnag-Api-Key"]).to eq("c9d60ae4c7e70c4b6c4ebd3e8056d2b8")
-      expect(payload["apiKey"]).to eq("c9d60ae4c7e70c4b6c4ebd3e8056d2b8")
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "does not notify if api_key is not set" do
-    Bugsnag.configuration.api_key = nil
-
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed"))
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).not_to have_sent_notification
-  end
-
-  it "does not notify if api_key is empty" do
-    Bugsnag.configuration.api_key = ""
-
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed"))
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).not_to have_sent_notification
-  end
-
-  it "lets you override the api_key" do
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed")) do |report|
-      report.api_key = "9d84383f9be2ca94902e45c756a9979d"
-    end
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      expect(headers["Bugsnag-Api-Key"]).to eq("9d84383f9be2ca94902e45c756a9979d")
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "lets you override the groupingHash" do
-
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed")) do |report|
-      report.grouping_hash = "this is my grouping hash"
-    end
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(event["groupingHash"]).to eq("this is my grouping hash")
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "uses the env variable apiKey" do
-    ENV["BUGSNAG_API_KEY"] = "c9d60ae4c7e70c4b6c4ebd3e8056d2b9"
-
-    Bugsnag.instance_variable_set(:@configuration, Bugsnag::Configuration.new)
-    Bugsnag.configure do |config|
-      config.release_stage = "production"
-      config.delivery_method = :synchronous
-    end
-
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed"))
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      expect(headers["Bugsnag-Api-Key"]).to eq("c9d60ae4c7e70c4b6c4ebd3e8056d2b9")
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "has the right exception class" do
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed"))
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      exception = get_exception_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(exception["errorClass"]).to eq("BugsnagTestException")
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "has the right exception message" do
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed"))
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      exception = get_exception_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(exception["message"]).to eq("It crashed")
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "has a valid stacktrace" do
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed"))
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      exception = get_exception_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(exception["stacktrace"].length).to be > 0
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "uses correct unhandled defaults" do
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed"))
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(event["unhandled"]).to be false
-      expect(event["severity"]).to eq("warning")
-      expect(event["severityReason"]).to eq({
-        "type" => "handledException"
-      })
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "sets correct severityReason if severity is modified in a block" do
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed")) do |notification|
-      notification.severity = "info"
-    end
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(event["unhandled"]).to be false
-      expect(event["severity"]).to eq("info")
-      expect(event["severityReason"]).to eq({
-        "type" => "userCallbackSetSeverity"
-      })
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "sets correct severity and reason for specific error classes" do
-    original_ignore_classes = Bugsnag.configuration.ignore_classes
-
-    begin
-      # The default ignore_classes includes SignalException, so we need to
-      # temporarily set it to something else.
-      Bugsnag.configuration.ignore_classes = Set[SystemExit]
-      Bugsnag.notify(SignalException.new("TERM"))
-      expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-        event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-        expect(event["unhandled"]).to be false
-        expect(event["severity"]).to eq("info")
-        expect(event["severityReason"]).to eq({
-          "type" => "errorClass",
-          "attributes" => {
-            "errorClass" => "SignalException"
-          }
-        })
-      }
-    ensure
-      Bugsnag.configuration.ignore_classes = original_ignore_classes
-    end
-  end
-
-  # TODO: nested context
-
-  it "accepts tabs in overrides and adds them to metaData" do
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed")) do |report|
-      report.meta_data.merge!({
-        some_tab: {
-          info: "here",
-          data: "also here"
-        }
-      })
-    end
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(event["metaData"]["some_tab"]).to eq(
-        "info" => "here",
-        "data" => "also here"
-      )
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "accepts meta data from an exception that mixes in Bugsnag::MetaData" do
-    exception = BugsnagTestExceptionWithMetaData.new("It crashed")
-    exception.bugsnag_meta_data = {
-      some_tab: {
-        info: "here",
-        data: "also here"
-      }
-    }
-
-    Bugsnag.notify(exception)
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(event["metaData"]["some_tab"]).to eq(
-        "info" => "here",
-        "data" => "also here"
-      )
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "removes tabs" do
-    exception = BugsnagTestExceptionWithMetaData.new("It crashed")
-    exception.bugsnag_meta_data = {
-      :some_tab => {
-        :info => "here",
-        :data => "also here"
-      }
-    }
-
-    Bugsnag.notify(exception) do |report|
-      report.remove_tab(:some_tab)
-    end
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(event["metaData"]["some_tab"]).to be_nil
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "ignores removing nil tabs" do
-    exception = BugsnagTestExceptionWithMetaData.new("It crashed")
-    exception.bugsnag_meta_data = {
-      :some_tab => {
-        :info => "here",
-        :data => "also here"
-      }
-    }
-
-    Bugsnag.notify(exception) do |report|
-      report.remove_tab(nil)
-    end
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(event["metaData"]["some_tab"]).to eq(
-        "info" => "here",
-        "data" => "also here"
-      )
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "Creates a custom tab for metadata which is not a Hash" do
-    exception = Exception.new("It crashed")
-
-    Bugsnag.notify(exception) do |report|
-      report.add_tab(:some_tab, "added")
-    end
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(event["metaData"]["custom"]).to eq(
-        "some_tab" => "added",
-      )
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "accepts meta data from an exception that mixes in Bugsnag::MetaData, but override using the overrides" do
-    exception = BugsnagTestExceptionWithMetaData.new("It crashed")
-    exception.bugsnag_meta_data = {
-      :some_tab => {
-        :info => "here",
-        :data => "also here"
-      }
-    }
-
-    Bugsnag.notify(exception) do |report|
-      report.add_tab(:some_tab, {:info => "overridden"})
-    end
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(event["metaData"]["some_tab"]).to eq(
-        "info" => "overridden",
-        "data" => "also here"
-      )
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "accepts user_id from an exception that mixes in Bugsnag::MetaData" do
-    exception = BugsnagTestExceptionWithMetaData.new("It crashed")
-    exception.bugsnag_user_id = "exception_user_id"
-
-    Bugsnag.notify(exception)
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(event["user"]["id"]).to eq("exception_user_id")
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "accepts user_id from an exception that mixes in Bugsnag::MetaData, but override using the overrides" do
-    exception = BugsnagTestExceptionWithMetaData.new("It crashed")
-    exception.bugsnag_user_id = "exception_user_id"
-
-    Bugsnag.notify(exception) do |report|
-      report.user.merge!({:id => "override_user_id"})
-    end
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(event["user"]["id"]).to eq("override_user_id")
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "accepts context from an exception that mixes in Bugsnag::MetaData" do
-    exception = BugsnagTestExceptionWithMetaData.new("It crashed")
-    exception.bugsnag_context = "exception_context"
-
-    Bugsnag.notify(exception)
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(event["context"]).to eq("exception_context")
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "accepts grouping_hash from an exception that mixes in Bugsnag::MetaData" do
-    exception = BugsnagTestExceptionWithMetaData.new("It crashed")
-    exception.bugsnag_grouping_hash = "exception_hash"
-
-    Bugsnag.notify(exception)
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(event["groupingHash"]).to eq("exception_hash")
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "accept contexts from an exception that mixes in Bugsnag::MetaData, but override using the overrides" do
-
-    exception = BugsnagTestExceptionWithMetaData.new("It crashed")
-    exception.bugsnag_context = "exception_context"
-
-    Bugsnag.notify(exception) do |report|
-      report.context = "override_context"
-    end
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(event["context"]).to eq("override_context")
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "accepts meta_data in overrides (for backwards compatibility) and merge it into metaData" do
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed")) do |report|
-      report.meta_data.merge!({
-        some_tab: {
-          info: "here",
-          data: "also here"
-        }
-      })
-    end
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(event["metaData"]["some_tab"]).to eq(
-        "info" => "here",
-        "data" => "also here"
-      )
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "truncates large meta_data before sending" do
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed")) do |report|
-      report.meta_data.merge!({
-        some_tab: {
-          giant: SecureRandom.hex(1_000_000/2),
-          mega: SecureRandom.hex(1_000_000/2)
-        }
-      })
-    end
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      # Truncated body should be no bigger than
-      # 2 truncated hashes (4096*2) + rest of payload (20000)
-      expect(::JSON.dump(payload).length).to be < 4096*2 + 20000
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "truncates large messages before sending" do
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new(SecureRandom.hex(250_000))) do |report|
-      report.meta_data.merge!({
-        some_tab: {
-          giant: SecureRandom.hex(500_000/2),
-          mega: SecureRandom.hex(500_000/2)
-        }
-      })
-    end
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      expect(::JSON.dump(payload).length).to be < Bugsnag::Helpers::MAX_PAYLOAD_LENGTH
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "truncate large stacktraces before sending" do
-    ex = BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed")
-    stacktrace = []
-    20000.times {|i| stacktrace.push("/Some/path/rspec/example.rb:113:in `instance_eval'")}
-    ex.set_backtrace(stacktrace)
-    Bugsnag.notify(ex)
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      # Truncated body should be no bigger than
-      # 400 stacktrace lines * approx 60 chars per line + rest of payload (20000)
-      expect(::JSON.dump(payload).length).to be < Bugsnag::Helpers::MAX_PAYLOAD_LENGTH
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "accepts a severity in overrides" do
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed")) do |report|
-      report.severity = "info"
-    end
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(event["severity"]).to eq("info")
-    }
-
-  end
-
-  it "defaults to warning severity" do
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed"))
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(event["severity"]).to eq("warning")
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "accepts a context in overrides" do
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed")) do |report|
-      report.context = 'test_context'
-    end
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(event["context"]).to eq("test_context")
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "accepts a user_id in overrides" do
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed")) do |report|
-      report.user = {id: 'test_user'}
-    end
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(event["user"]["id"]).to eq("test_user")
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "does not send an automatic notification if auto_notify is false" do
-    Bugsnag.configure do |config|
-      config.auto_notify = false
-    end
-
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed"), true)
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).not_to have_sent_notification
-  end
-
-  it "contains a release_stage" do
-    Bugsnag.configure do |config|
-      config.release_stage = "production"
-    end
-
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed"))
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(event["app"]["releaseStage"]).to eq("production")
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "respects the notify_release_stages setting by not sending in development" do
-    Bugsnag.configuration.notify_release_stages = ["production"]
-    Bugsnag.configuration.release_stage = "development"
-
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed"))
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).not_to have_sent_notification
-  end
-
-  it "respects the notify_release_stages setting when set" do
-    Bugsnag.configuration.release_stage = "development"
-    Bugsnag.configuration.notify_release_stages = ["development"]
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed"))
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(event["exceptions"].length).to eq(1)
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "uses the https://notify.bugsnag.com endpoint by default" do
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed"))
-
-    expect(WebMock).to have_requested(:post, "https://notify.bugsnag.com")
-  end
-
-  it "does not mark the top-most stacktrace line as inProject if out of project" do
-    Bugsnag.configuration.project_root = "/Random/location/here"
-
-    begin
-      "Test".prepnd "T"
-    rescue Exception => e
-      Bugsnag.notify(e)
-    end
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      exception = get_exception_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(exception["stacktrace"].size).to be >= 1
-      expect(exception["stacktrace"].first["inProject"]).to be_nil
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "marks the top-most stacktrace line as inProject if necessary" do
-    Bugsnag.configuration.project_root = File.expand_path File.dirname(__FILE__)
-
-    begin
-      "Test".prepnd "T"
-    rescue Exception => e
-      Bugsnag.notify(e)
-    end
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      exception = get_exception_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(exception["stacktrace"].size).to be >= 1
-      expect(exception["stacktrace"][0]["inProject"]).to eq(true)
-    }
-  end
-
-  it 'marks vendored stack frames as out-of-project' do
-    project_root = File.expand_path File.dirname(__FILE__)
-    Bugsnag.configuration.project_root = project_root
-
-    ex = Exception.new('Division by zero')
-    allow(ex).to receive (:backtrace) {[
-      File.join(project_root, "vendor/strutils/lib/string.rb:508:in `splice'"),
-      File.join(project_root, "vendors/strutils/lib/string.rb:508:in `splice'"),
-      File.join(project_root, "lib/helpers/string.rb:32:in `splice'"),
-      File.join(project_root, "lib/vendor/lib/article.rb:158:in `initialize'"),
-      File.join(project_root, "lib/prog.rb:158:in `read_articles'"),
-      File.join(project_root, ".bundle/strutils/lib.string.rb:508:in `splice'"),
-      File.join(project_root, "abundle/article.rb:158:in `initialize'"),
-      File.join(project_root, ".bundles/strutils/lib.string.rb:508:in `splice'"),
-      File.join(project_root, "lib/.bundle/article.rb:158:in `initialize'"),
-      "app.rb:10:in `main'",
-      "(pry):3:in `__pry__'"
-    ]}
-    Bugsnag.notify(ex)
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      exception = get_exception_from_payload(payload)
-
-      expect(exception["stacktrace"][0]["inProject"]).to be_nil
-      expect(exception["stacktrace"][1]["inProject"]).to be true
-      expect(exception["stacktrace"][2]["inProject"]).to be true
-      expect(exception["stacktrace"][3]["inProject"]).to be true
-      expect(exception["stacktrace"][4]["inProject"]).to be true
-      expect(exception["stacktrace"][5]["inProject"]).to be_nil
-      expect(exception["stacktrace"][6]["inProject"]).to be true
-      expect(exception["stacktrace"][7]["inProject"]).to be true
-      expect(exception["stacktrace"][8]["inProject"]).to be true
-      expect(exception["stacktrace"][9]["inProject"]).to be_nil
-      expect(exception["stacktrace"][10]["inProject"]).to be_nil
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "adds app_version to the payload if it is set" do
-    Bugsnag.configuration.app_version = "1.1.1"
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed"))
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(event["app"]["version"]).to eq("1.1.1")
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "filters params from all payload hashes if they are set in default meta_data_filters" do
-
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed")) do |report|
-      report.meta_data.merge!({
-        :request => {
-          :params => {
-            :password => "1234",
-            :other_password => "12345",
-            :other_data => "123456"
-          },
-          :cookie => "1234567890",
-          :authorization => "token",
-          :user_authorization => "token",
-          :secret_key => "key",
-          :user_secret => "key"
-        }
-      })
-      report.meta_data.merge!({
-        :session => {
-          :"warden.user.user.key" => "1234",
-          :"warden.user.foobar.key" => "1234",
-          :"warden.user.test" => "1234"
-        }
-      })
-    end
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(event["metaData"]).not_to be_nil
-      expect(event["metaData"]["request"]).not_to be_nil
-      expect(event["metaData"]["request"]["params"]).not_to be_nil
-      expect(event["metaData"]["request"]["params"]["password"]).to eq("[FILTERED]")
-      expect(event["metaData"]["request"]["params"]["other_password"]).to eq("[FILTERED]")
-      expect(event["metaData"]["request"]["params"]["other_data"]).to eq("123456")
-      expect(event["metaData"]["request"]["cookie"]).to eq("[FILTERED]")
-      expect(event["metaData"]["request"]["authorization"]).to eq("[FILTERED]")
-      expect(event["metaData"]["request"]["user_authorization"]).to eq("[FILTERED]")
-      expect(event["metaData"]["request"]["secret_key"]).to eq("[FILTERED]")
-      expect(event["metaData"]["request"]["user_secret"]).to eq("[FILTERED]")
-      expect(event["metaData"]["session"]).not_to be_nil
-      expect(event["metaData"]["session"]["warden.user.user.key"]).to eq("[FILTERED]")
-      expect(event["metaData"]["session"]["warden.user.foobar.key"]).to eq("[FILTERED]")
-      expect(event["metaData"]["session"]["warden.user.test"]).to eq("1234")
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "filters params from all payload hashes if they are added to meta_data_filters" do
-
-    Bugsnag.configuration.meta_data_filters << "other_data"
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed")) do |report|
-      report.meta_data.merge!({:request => {:params => {:password => "1234", :other_password => "123456", :other_data => "123456"}}})
-    end
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(event["metaData"]).not_to be_nil
-      expect(event["metaData"]["request"]).not_to be_nil
-      expect(event["metaData"]["request"]["params"]).not_to be_nil
-      expect(event["metaData"]["request"]["params"]["password"]).to eq("[FILTERED]")
-      expect(event["metaData"]["request"]["params"]["other_password"]).to eq("[FILTERED]")
-      expect(event["metaData"]["request"]["params"]["other_data"]).to eq("[FILTERED]")
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "filters params from all payload hashes if they are added to meta_data_filters as regex" do
-
-    Bugsnag.configuration.meta_data_filters << /other_data/
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed")) do |report|
-      report.meta_data.merge!({:request => {:params => {:password => "1234", :other_password => "123456", :other_data => "123456"}}})
-    end
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(event["metaData"]).not_to be_nil
-      expect(event["metaData"]["request"]).not_to be_nil
-      expect(event["metaData"]["request"]["params"]).not_to be_nil
-      expect(event["metaData"]["request"]["params"]["password"]).to eq("[FILTERED]")
-      expect(event["metaData"]["request"]["params"]["other_password"]).to eq("[FILTERED]")
-      expect(event["metaData"]["request"]["params"]["other_data"]).to eq("[FILTERED]")
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "filters params from all payload hashes if they are added to meta_data_filters as partial regex" do
-
-    Bugsnag.configuration.meta_data_filters << /r_data/
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed")) do |report|
-      report.meta_data.merge!({:request => {:params => {:password => "1234", :other_password => "123456", :other_data => "123456"}}})
-    end
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(event["metaData"]).not_to be_nil
-      expect(event["metaData"]["request"]).not_to be_nil
-      expect(event["metaData"]["request"]["params"]).not_to be_nil
-      expect(event["metaData"]["request"]["params"]["password"]).to eq("[FILTERED]")
-      expect(event["metaData"]["request"]["params"]["other_password"]).to eq("[FILTERED]")
-      expect(event["metaData"]["request"]["params"]["other_data"]).to eq("[FILTERED]")
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "does not filter params from payload hashes if their values are nil" do
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed")) do |report|
-      report.meta_data.merge!({:request => {:params => {:nil_param => nil}}})
-    end
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(event["metaData"]).not_to be_nil
-      expect(event["metaData"]["request"]).not_to be_nil
-      expect(event["metaData"]["request"]["params"]).not_to be_nil
-      expect(event["metaData"]["request"]["params"]).to have_key("nil_param")
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "does not notify if report ignored" do
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed")) do |report|
-      report.ignore!
-    end
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).not_to have_sent_notification
-  end
-
-  it "does not notify if the exception class is in the default ignore_classes list" do
-    Bugsnag.configuration.ignore_classes << ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound
-    Bugsnag.notify(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound.new("It crashed"))
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).not_to have_sent_notification
-  end
-
-  it "does not notify if the non-default exception class is added to the ignore_classes" do
-    Bugsnag.configuration.ignore_classes << BugsnagTestException
-
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed"))
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).not_to have_sent_notification
-  end
-
-  it "does not notify if exception's ancestor is an ignored class" do
-    Bugsnag.configuration.ignore_classes << BugsnagTestException
-
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagSubclassTestException.new("It crashed"))
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).not_to have_sent_notification
-  end
-
-  it "does not notify if any caused exception is an ignored class" do
-    Bugsnag.configuration.ignore_classes << NestedException
-
-    ex = NestedException.new("Self-referential exception")
-    ex.original_exception = BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed")
-
-    Bugsnag.notify(ex)
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).not_to have_sent_notification
-  end
-
-  it "sends the cause of the exception" do
-    begin
-      begin
-        raise "jiminey"
-      rescue
-        Ruby21Exception.raise! "cricket"
-      end
-    rescue
-      Bugsnag.notify $!
-    end
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(event["exceptions"].size).to eq(2)
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "does not unwrap the same exception twice" do
-    ex = NestedException.new("Self-referential exception")
-    ex.original_exception = ex
-
-    Bugsnag.notify(ex)
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(event["exceptions"].size).to eq(1)
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "does not unwrap more than 5 exceptions" do
-
-    first_ex = ex = NestedException.new("Deep exception")
-    10.times do |idx|
-      ex = ex.original_exception = NestedException.new("Deep exception #{idx}")
-    end
-
-    Bugsnag.notify(first_ex)
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(event["exceptions"].size).to eq(5)
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "calls to_exception on i18n error objects" do
-    Bugsnag.notify(OpenStruct.new(:to_exception => BugsnagTestException.new("message")))
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      exception = get_exception_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(exception["errorClass"]).to eq("BugsnagTestException")
-      expect(exception["message"]).to eq("message")
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "generates runtimeerror for non exceptions" do
-    notify_test_exception
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      exception = get_exception_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(exception["errorClass"]).to eq("RuntimeError")
-      expect(exception["message"]).to eq("test message")
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "supports unix-style paths in backtraces" do
-    ex = BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed")
-    ex.set_backtrace([
-      "/Users/james/app/spec/notification_spec.rb:419",
-      "/Some/path/rspec/example.rb:113:in `instance_eval'"
-    ])
-
-    Bugsnag.notify(ex)
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      exception = get_exception_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(exception["stacktrace"].length).to eq(2)
-
-      line = exception["stacktrace"][0]
-      expect(line["file"]).to eq("/Users/james/app/spec/notification_spec.rb")
-      expect(line["lineNumber"]).to eq(419)
-      expect(line["method"]).to be nil
-
-      line = exception["stacktrace"][1]
-      expect(line["file"]).to eq("/Some/path/rspec/example.rb")
-      expect(line["lineNumber"]).to eq(113)
-      expect(line["method"]).to eq("instance_eval")
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "supports windows-style paths in backtraces" do
-    ex = BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed")
-    ex.set_backtrace([
-      "C:/projects/test/app/controllers/users_controller.rb:13:in `index'",
-      "C:/ruby/1.9.1/gems/actionpack-2.3.10/filters.rb:638:in `block in run_before_filters'"
-    ])
-
-    Bugsnag.notify(ex)
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      exception = get_exception_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(exception["stacktrace"].length).to eq(2)
-
-      line = exception["stacktrace"][0]
-      expect(line["file"]).to eq("C:/projects/test/app/controllers/users_controller.rb")
-      expect(line["lineNumber"]).to eq(13)
-      expect(line["method"]).to eq("index")
-
-      line = exception["stacktrace"][1]
-      expect(line["file"]).to eq("C:/ruby/1.9.1/gems/actionpack-2.3.10/filters.rb")
-      expect(line["lineNumber"]).to eq(638)
-      expect(line["method"]).to eq("block in run_before_filters")
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "should fix invalid utf8" do
-    invalid_data = "fl\xc3ff"
-    invalid_data.force_encoding('BINARY') if invalid_data.respond_to?(:force_encoding)
-
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed")) do |report|
-      report.meta_data.merge!({fluff: {fluff: invalid_data}})
-    end
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-      if defined?(Encoding::UTF_8)
-        expect(event['metaData']['fluff']['fluff']).to match(/fl�ff/)
-      else
-        expect(event['metaData']['fluff']['fluff']).to match(/flff/)
-      end
-    }
-  end
-
-  if RUBY_VERSION < '2.3.0'
-    it "should handle utf8 encoding errors in exceptions_list" do
-      invalid_data = "\"foo\xEBbar\""
-      invalid_data = invalid_data.force_encoding("utf-8") if invalid_data.respond_to?(:force_encoding)
-
-      begin
-        JSON.parse(invalid_data)
-      rescue
-        Bugsnag.notify $!
-      end
-
-      expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification { |payload, headers|
-        if defined?(Encoding::UTF_8)
-          expect(payload.to_json).to match(/foo�bar/)
-        else
-          expect(payload.to_json).to match(/foobar/)
-        end
-      }
-    end
-  end
-
-  it "should handle utf8 encoding errors in notification context" do
-    invalid_data = "\"foo\xEBbar\""
-    invalid_data = invalid_data.force_encoding("utf-8") if invalid_data.respond_to?(:force_encoding)
-
-    begin
-      raise
-    rescue
-      Bugsnag.notify($!) do |report|
-        report.context = invalid_data
-      end
-    end
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification { |payload, headers|
-      if defined?(Encoding::UTF_8)
-        expect(payload.to_json).to match(/foo�bar/)
-      else
-        expect(payload.to_json).to match(/foobar/)
-      end
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "should handle utf8 encoding errors in notification app fields" do
-    invalid_data = "\"foo\xEBbar\""
-    invalid_data = invalid_data.force_encoding("utf-8") if invalid_data.respond_to?(:force_encoding)
-
-    Bugsnag.configuration.app_version = invalid_data
-    Bugsnag.configuration.release_stage = invalid_data
-    Bugsnag.configuration.app_type = invalid_data
-
-    begin
-      raise
-    rescue
-      Bugsnag.notify $!
-    end
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification { |payload, headers|
-      if defined?(Encoding::UTF_8)
-        expect(payload.to_json).to match(/foo�bar/)
-      else
-        expect(payload.to_json).to match(/foobar/)
-      end
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "should handle utf8 encoding errors in grouping_hash" do
-    invalid_data = "\"foo\xEBbar\""
-    invalid_data = invalid_data.force_encoding("utf-8") if invalid_data.respond_to?(:force_encoding)
-
-    Bugsnag.before_notify_callbacks << lambda do |notif|
-      notif.grouping_hash = invalid_data
-    end
-
-    begin
-      raise
-    rescue
-      Bugsnag.notify $!
-    end
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification { |payload, headers|
-      if defined?(Encoding::UTF_8)
-        expect(payload.to_json).to match(/foo�bar/)
-      else
-        expect(payload.to_json).to match(/foobar/)
-      end
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "should handle utf8 encoding errors in notification user fields" do
-    invalid_data = "\"foo\xEBbar\""
-    invalid_data = invalid_data.force_encoding("utf-8") if invalid_data.respond_to?(:force_encoding)
-
-    Bugsnag.before_notify_callbacks << lambda do |notif|
-      notif.user = {
-        :email => "#{invalid_data}@foo.com",
-        :name => invalid_data
-      }
-    end
-
-    begin
-      raise
-    rescue
-      Bugsnag.notify $!
-    end
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification { |payload, headers|
-      if defined?(Encoding::UTF_8)
-        expect(payload.to_json).to match(/foo�bar/)
-      else
-        expect(payload.to_json).to match(/foobar/)
-      end
-    }
-  end
-
-  it 'should handle exceptions with empty backtrace' do
-    begin
-      err = RuntimeError.new
-      err.set_backtrace([])
-      raise err
-    rescue
-      Bugsnag.notify $!
-    end
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification { |payload, headers|
-      exception = get_exception_from_payload(payload)
-      expect(exception['stacktrace'].size).to be > 0
-    }
-  end
-
-  it 'should use defaults when notify is called' do
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed"))
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = payload["events"][0]
-      expect(event["unhandled"]).to be false
-      expect(event["severityReason"]).to eq({"type" => "handledException"})
-    }
-  end
-
-  it 'should attach severity reason through a block when auto_notify is true' do
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed"), true) do |report|
-      report.severity_reason = {
-        :type => "middleware_handler",
-        :attributes => {
-          :name => "middleware_test"
-        }
-      }
-    end
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = payload["events"][0]
-      expect(event["severityReason"]).to eq(
-        {
-          "type" => "middleware_handler",
-          "attributes" => {
-            "name" => "middleware_test"
-          }
-        }
-      )
-      expect(event["unhandled"]).to be true
-    }
-  end
-
-  it 'should not attach severity reason from callback when auto_notify is false' do
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed")) do |report|
-      report.severity_reason = {
-        :type => "middleware_handler",
-        :attributes => {
-          :name => "middleware_test"
-        }
-      }
-    end
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = payload["events"][0]
-      expect(event["unhandled"]).to be false
-      expect(event["severityReason"]).to eq({"type" => "handledException"})
-    }
-  end
-
-  it 'does not notify if skip_bugsnag is true' do
-    exception = BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed")
-    exception.skip_bugsnag = true
-    Bugsnag.notify(exception)
-    expect(Bugsnag).not_to have_sent_notification
-  end
-
-  it 'uses an appropriate message if nil is notified' do
-    Bugsnag.notify(nil)
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = payload["events"][0]
-      exception = event["exceptions"][0]
-      expect(exception["errorClass"]).to eq("RuntimeError")
-      expect(exception["message"]).to eq("'nil' was notified as an exception")
-    }
-  end
-
-  it "includes bugsnag lines marked out of project" do
-    notify_test_exception
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      exception = get_exception_from_payload(payload)
-      bugsnag_count = 0
-      exception["stacktrace"].each do |frame|
-        if /.*lib\/bugsnag.*\.rb/.match(frame["file"])
-          bugsnag_count += 1
-          expect(frame["inProject"]).to be_nil
-        end
-      end
-      # 7 is used here as the called bugsnag frames for a `notify` call should be:
-      # - Bugsnag.notify
-      # - Report.new
-      # - Report.initialize
-      # - Report.generate_exceptions_list
-      # - Report.generate_exceptions_list | raw_exceptions.map
-      # - Report.generate_exceptions_list | raw_exceptions.map | block
-      # - Report.generate_exceptions_list | raw_exceptions.map | block | Stacktrace.new
-      # However, JRUBY does not include the two `new` frames, resulting in 5 bugsnag frames
-      if defined?(JRUBY_VERSION)
-        frame_count = 5
-      else
-        frame_count = 7
-      end
-      expect(bugsnag_count).to equal frame_count
-    }
-  end
-
-  describe "breadcrumbs" do
-    let(:timestamp_regex) { /^\d{4}\-\d{2}\-\d{2}T\d{2}:\d{2}:[\d\.]+Z$/ }
-
-    it "includes left breadcrumbs" do
-      Bugsnag.leave_breadcrumb("Test breadcrumb")
-      notify_test_exception
-      expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification { |payload, headers|
-        event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-        expect(event["breadcrumbs"].size).to eq(1)
-        expect(event["breadcrumbs"].first).to match({
-          "name" => "Test breadcrumb",
-          "type" => "manual",
-          "metaData" => {},
-          "timestamp" => match(timestamp_regex)
-        })
-      }
-    end
-
-    it "filters left breadcrumbs" do
-      Bugsnag.leave_breadcrumb("Test breadcrumb", {
-        :forbidden_key => false,
-        :allowed_key => true
-      })
-      Bugsnag.configuration.meta_data_filters << "forbidden"
-      notify_test_exception
-      expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification { |payload, headers|
-        event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-        expect(event["breadcrumbs"].size).to eq(1)
-        expect(event["breadcrumbs"].first).to match({
-          "name" => "Test breadcrumb",
-          "type" => "manual",
-          "metaData" => {
-            "forbidden_key" => "[FILTERED]",
-            "allowed_key" => true
-          },
-          "timestamp" => match(timestamp_regex)
-        })
-      }
-    end
-
-    it "defaults to an empty array" do
-      notify_test_exception
-      expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification { |payload, headers|
-        event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-        expect(event["breadcrumbs"].size).to eq(0)
-      }
-    end
-
-    it "allows breadcrumbs to be editted in callbacks" do
-      Bugsnag.leave_breadcrumb("Test breadcrumb")
-      Bugsnag.before_notify_callbacks << Proc.new { |report|
-        breadcrumb = report.breadcrumbs.first
-        breadcrumb.meta_data = {:a => 1, :b => 2}
-      }
-      notify_test_exception
-      expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification { |payload, headers|
-        event = get_event_from_payload(payload)
-        expect(event["breadcrumbs"].size).to eq(1)
-        expect(event["breadcrumbs"].first).to match({
-          "name" => "Test breadcrumb",
-          "type" => "manual",
-          "metaData" => {"a" => 1, "b" => 2},
-          "timestamp" => match(timestamp_regex)
-        })
-      }
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "#summary" do
-    it "provides a hash of the name, message, and severity" do
-      begin
-        1/0
-      rescue ZeroDivisionError => e
-        report = Bugsnag::Report.new(e, Bugsnag.configuration)
-
-        expect(report.summary).to eq({
-          :error_class => "ZeroDivisionError",
-          :message => "divided by 0",
-          :severity => "warning"
-        })
-      end
-    end
-
-    it "handles strings" do
-      report = Bugsnag::Report.new("test string", Bugsnag.configuration)
-
-      expect(report.summary).to eq({
-        :error_class => "RuntimeError",
-        :message => "test string",
-        :severity => "warning"
-      })
-    end
-
-    it "handles error edge cases" do
-      report = Bugsnag::Report.new(Timeout::Error, Bugsnag.configuration)
-
-      expect(report.summary).to eq({
-        :error_class => "Timeout::Error",
-        :message => "Timeout::Error",
-        :severity => "warning"
-      })
-    end
-
-    it "handles empty exceptions" do
-      begin
-        1/0
-      rescue ZeroDivisionError => e
-        report = Bugsnag::Report.new(e, Bugsnag.configuration)
-
-        report.exceptions = []
-
-        expect(report.summary).to eq({
-          :error_class => "Unknown",
-          :severity => "warning"
-        })
-      end
-    end
-
-    it "handles removed exceptions" do
-      begin
-        1/0
-      rescue ZeroDivisionError => e
-        report = Bugsnag::Report.new(e, Bugsnag.configuration)
-
-        report.exceptions = nil
-
-        expect(report.summary).to eq({
-          :error_class => "Unknown",
-          :severity => "warning"
-        })
-      end
-    end
-
-    it "handles exceptions being replaced" do
-      begin
-        1/0
-      rescue ZeroDivisionError => e
-        report = Bugsnag::Report.new(e, Bugsnag.configuration)
-
-        report.exceptions = "no one should ever do this"
-
-        expect(report.summary).to eq({
-          :error_class => "Unknown",
-          :severity => "warning"
-        })
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  if defined?(JRUBY_VERSION)
-
-    it "works with java.lang.Throwables" do
-      begin
-        JRubyException.raise!
-      rescue
-        Bugsnag.notify $!
-      end
-
-      expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-        exception = get_exception_from_payload(payload)
-        expect(exception["errorClass"]).to eq('Java::JavaLang::NullPointerException')
-        expect(exception["message"]).to eq("")
-        expect(exception["stacktrace"].size).to be > 0
-      }
-    end
-  end
-
-  it 'includes device data when notify is called' do
-    Bugsnag.configuration.hostname = 'test-host'
-    Bugsnag.configuration.runtime_versions["ruby"] = '9.9.9'
-    Bugsnag.notify(BugsnagTestException.new("It crashed"))
-
-    expect(Bugsnag).to have_sent_notification{ |payload, headers|
-      event = payload["events"][0]
-      expect(event["device"]["hostname"]).to eq('test-host')
-      expect(event["device"]["runtimeVersions"]["ruby"]).to eq('9.9.9')
-    }
-  end
-end