bson 4.11.1 → 4.14.0

checksums.yaml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ---
 SHA256:
-  metadata.gz: 6f2b7b7906a18c900a2cd45e1b884f3c84cf863234e703838ee752c6b87badcb
-  data.tar.gz: beb2dd92cc828d7db3084ff2095a8df28dcb6a18e89c699f2a6bd7b7d1acd376
+  metadata.gz: 542c675ad88650d665d5e077de9a3c7bcbd566647fc1f08f1d3441948d646c1c
+  data.tar.gz: b9f41c2f216e982dcdcd2c83c17a4dd59f8e062406023eb6bd1932afa8338698
 SHA512:
-  metadata.gz: 5e0359cf8b6632840e5ad9be71f5d350a53e0606d5fa5afa4706021f1083a9493a410bc8d9d5ecc24c6b3ba02f7ee482898db9dc190ff8620ad5dc9014441e90
-  data.tar.gz: beb107c6db4bd7f6ba32671d4d340f9593636fe490b69e6e60abc812c1698b4f203b800f2ea145af77a9c319b7c9f4dfa90bb22eea157d15828a09bc8fb388ae
+  metadata.gz: 3a084a08fb6cd5601e6b0095b7086348e602aa42e5b52069531f107879d4a67a7a982ce1938d4ef4bedb4b559648a0139b3c85ab011b5f65fa415300dadef079
+  data.tar.gz: 3dde4070b315b1a3da605c11fa6571a9fb641dcdc77ed2edb7aec0e3799a2765af68342ac9a4fb839e0c0a84ad4a10f1641948a76857f649c9680a521aec90bd

data/README.md

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 BSON
 [![Gem Version][rubygems-img]][rubygems-url]
-[![Build Status][travis-img]][travis-url]
-[![Build status Windows][appveyor-img]][appveyor-url]
+[![Build Status][ghactions-img]][ghactions-url]
 [![Coverage Status][coveralls-img]][coveralls-url]
 [![Inline docs][inch-img]][inch-url]
 ====
@@ -11,7 +10,7 @@ An implementation of the BSON specification in Ruby.
 Compatibility
 -------------
 
-BSON is tested against MRI (2.3+) and JRuby (9.2+).
+BSON is tested against MRI (2.5) and JRuby (9.2+).
 
 Documentation
 -------------
@@ -55,10 +54,8 @@ limitations under the License.
 
 [rubygems-img]: https://badge.fury.io/rb/bson.svg
 [rubygems-url]: http://badge.fury.io/rb/bson
-[travis-img]: https://secure.travis-ci.org/mongodb/bson-ruby.svg?branch=master
-[travis-url]: http://travis-ci.org/mongodb/bson-ruby
-[appveyor-img]: https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/p5aqko7umsx351nm?svg=true
-[appveyor-url]: https://ci.appveyor.com/project/p-mongo/bson-ruby/branch/master
+[ghactions-img]: https://github.com/mongodb/bson-ruby/actions/workflows/bson-ruby.yml/badge.svg?query=branch%3Amaster
+[ghactions-url]: https://github.com/mongodb/bson-ruby/actions/workflows/bson-ruby.yml?query=branch%3Amaster
 [coveralls-img]: https://coveralls.io/repos/mongodb/bson-ruby/badge.svg?branch=master
 [coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/mongodb/bson-ruby?branch=master
 [inch-img]: http://inch-ci.org/github/mongodb/bson-ruby.svg?branch=master

data/ext/bson/bson-native.h

@@ -123,3 +123,5 @@ extern VALUE rb_bson_registry;
 extern VALUE rb_bson_illegal_key;
 
 extern const rb_data_type_t rb_byte_buffer_data_type;
+
+extern VALUE _ref_str, _id_str, _db_str;

data/ext/bson/init.c

@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ const rb_data_type_t rb_byte_buffer_data_type = {
   { NULL, rb_bson_byte_buffer_free, rb_bson_byte_buffer_memsize }
 };
 
+VALUE _ref_str, _id_str, _db_str;
+
 /**
  * Initialize the bson_native extension.
  */
@@ -37,6 +39,13 @@ void Init_bson_native()
 {
   char rb_bson_machine_id[256];
 
+  _ref_str = rb_str_new_cstr("$ref");
+  rb_gc_register_mark_object(_ref_str);
+  _id_str = rb_str_new_cstr("$id");
+  rb_gc_register_mark_object(_id_str);
+  _db_str = rb_str_new_cstr("$db");
+  rb_gc_register_mark_object(_db_str);
+
   VALUE rb_bson_module = rb_define_module("BSON");
 
   /* Document-class: BSON::ByteBuffer

data/ext/bson/read.c

@@ -356,6 +356,30 @@ VALUE rb_bson_byte_buffer_get_decimal128_bytes(VALUE self)
   return bytes;
 }
 
+/**
+ * This duplicates the DBRef validation code in DBRef constructor.
+ */
+static int pvt_is_dbref(VALUE doc) {
+  VALUE ref, id, db;
+
+  ref = rb_hash_aref(doc, _ref_str);
+  if (NIL_P(ref) || !RB_TYPE_P(ref, T_STRING)) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  
+  id = rb_hash_aref(doc, _id_str);
+  if (NIL_P(id)) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  
+  db = rb_hash_aref(doc, _db_str);
+  if (!NIL_P(db) && !RB_TYPE_P(db, T_STRING)) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  
+  return 1;
+}
+
 VALUE rb_bson_byte_buffer_get_hash(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self){
   VALUE doc = Qnil;
   byte_buffer_t *b = NULL;
@@ -380,6 +404,11 @@ VALUE rb_bson_byte_buffer_get_hash(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self){
   if (READ_PTR(b) - start_ptr != length) {
     pvt_raise_decode_error(rb_sprintf("Expected to read %d bytes for the hash but read %ld bytes", length, READ_PTR(b) - start_ptr));
   }
+  
+  if (pvt_is_dbref(doc)) {
+    VALUE cDBRef = pvt_const_get_2("BSON", "DBRef");
+    doc = rb_funcall(cDBRef, rb_intern("new"), 1, doc);
+  }
 
   return doc;
 }

data/lib/bson/active_support.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 # Copyright (C) 2018-2020 MongoDB Inc.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

data/lib/bson/array.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 # Copyright (C) 2009-2020 MongoDB Inc.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ module BSON
     # An array is type 0x04 in the BSON spec.
     #
     # @since 2.0.0
-    BSON_TYPE = 4.chr.force_encoding(BINARY).freeze
+    BSON_TYPE = ::String.new(4.chr, encoding: BINARY).freeze
 
     # Get the array as encoded BSON.
     #

data/lib/bson/big_decimal.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2021 MongoDB Inc.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+module BSON
+
+  # Injects behaviour for encoding and decoding BigDecimals
+  # to and from raw bytes as specified by the BSON spec.
+  #
+  # @see http://bsonspec.org/#/specification
+  module BigDecimal
+
+    # BigDecimals are serialized as Decimal128s under the hood. A Decimal128 
+    # is type 0x13 in the BSON spec.
+    BSON_TYPE = ::String.new(19.chr, encoding: BINARY).freeze
+
+    # Get the BigDecimal as encoded BSON.
+    #
+    # @example Get the BigDecimal as encoded BSON.
+    #   BigDecimal("1").to_bson
+    #
+    # @return [ BSON::ByteBuffer ] The buffer with the encoded object.
+    #
+    # @see http://bsonspec.org/#/specification
+    def to_bson(buffer = ByteBuffer.new, validating_keys = Config.validating_keys?)
+      BSON::Decimal128.new(to_s).to_bson(buffer, validating_keys)
+    end
+
+    # Get the BSON type for BigDecimal. This is the same BSON type as
+    # BSON::Decimal128.
+    def bson_type
+      BSON_TYPE
+    end
+
+    module ClassMethods
+
+      # Deserialize the BigDecimal from raw BSON bytes.
+      #
+      # @example Get the BigDecimal from BSON.
+      #   BigDecimal.from_bson(bson)
+      #
+      # @param [ ByteBuffer ] buffer The byte buffer.
+      #
+      # @option options [ nil | :bson ] :mode Decoding mode to use.
+      #
+      # @return [ BigDecimal ] The decimal object.
+      def from_bson(buffer, **options)
+        Decimal128.from_bson(buffer, **options).to_big_decimal
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Enrich the core BigDecimal class with this module.
+  ::BigDecimal.send(:include, BigDecimal)
+  ::BigDecimal.send(:extend, BigDecimal::ClassMethods)
+end

data/lib/bson/binary.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 # Copyright (C) 2009-2020 MongoDB Inc.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ module BSON
     # A binary is type 0x05 in the BSON spec.
     #
     # @since 2.0.0
-    BSON_TYPE = 5.chr.force_encoding(BINARY).freeze
+    BSON_TYPE = ::String.new(5.chr, encoding: BINARY).freeze
 
     # The mappings of subtypes to their single byte identifiers.
     #
@@ -46,7 +47,8 @@ module BSON
       :uuid => 4.chr,
       :md5 => 5.chr,
       :ciphertext => 6.chr,
-      :user => 128.chr
+      :column => 7.chr,
+      :user => 128.chr,
     }.freeze
 
     # The mappings of single byte subtypes to their symbol counterparts.
@@ -169,7 +171,7 @@ module BSON
     #
     # @since 2.3.0
     def inspect
-      "<BSON::Binary:0x#{object_id} type=#{type} data=0x#{data[0, 8].unpack('H*').first}...>"
+      "<BSON::Binary:0x#{object_id} type=#{type} data=0x#{data[0, 8].unpack1('H*')}...>"
     end
 
     # Returns a string representation of the UUID stored in this Binary.
@@ -207,7 +209,8 @@ module BSON
         if representation && representation != :standard
           raise ArgumentError, "Binary of type :uuid can only be stringified to :standard representation, requested: #{representation.inspect}"
         end
-        data.split('').map { |n| '%02x' % n.ord }.join.sub(/(.{8})(.{4})(.{4})(.{12})/, '\1-\2-\3-\4')
+
+        data.split('').map { |n| '%02x' % n.ord }.join.sub(/\A(.{8})(.{4})(.{4})(.{4})(.{12})\z/, '\1-\2-\3-\4-\5')
       when :uuid_old
         if representation.nil?
           raise ArgumentError, 'Representation must be specified for BSON::Binary objects of type :uuid_old'
@@ -229,7 +232,7 @@ module BSON
           hex
         else
           raise ArgumentError, "Invalid representation: #{representation}"
-        end.sub(/(.{8})(.{4})(.{4})(.{12})/, '\1-\2-\3-\4')
+        end.sub(/\A(.{8})(.{4})(.{4})(.{4})(.{12})\z/, '\1-\2-\3-\4-\5')
       else
         raise TypeError, "The type of Binary must be :uuid or :uuid_old, this object is: #{type.inspect}"
       end

data/lib/bson/boolean.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 # Copyright (C) 2009-2020 MongoDB Inc.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ module BSON
     # A boolean is type 0x08 in the BSON spec.
     #
     # @since 2.0.0
-    BSON_TYPE = 8.chr.force_encoding(BINARY).freeze
+    BSON_TYPE = ::String.new(8.chr, encoding: BINARY).freeze
 
     # Deserialize a boolean from BSON.
     #

data/lib/bson/code.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 # Copyright (C) 2009-2020 MongoDB Inc.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ module BSON
     # A code is type 0x0D in the BSON spec.
     #
     # @since 2.0.0
-    BSON_TYPE = 13.chr.force_encoding(BINARY).freeze
+    BSON_TYPE = ::String.new(13.chr, encoding: BINARY).freeze
 
     # @!attribute javascript
     #   @return [ String ] The javascript code.

data/lib/bson/code_with_scope.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 # Copyright (C) 2009-2020 MongoDB Inc.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ module BSON
     # A code with scope is type 0x0F in the BSON spec.
     #
     # @since 2.0.0
-    BSON_TYPE = 15.chr.force_encoding(BINARY).freeze
+    BSON_TYPE = ::String.new(15.chr, encoding: BINARY).freeze
 
     # @!attribute javascript
     #   @return [ String ] The javascript code.

data/lib/bson/config.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 # Copyright (C) 2016-2020 MongoDB Inc.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

data/lib/bson/date.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 # Copyright (C) 2009-2020 MongoDB Inc.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

data/lib/bson/date_time.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 # Copyright (C) 2009-2020 MongoDB Inc.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

data/lib/bson/db_pointer.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 # Copyright (C) 2020 MongoDB Inc.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ module BSON
     include JSON
 
     # A DBPointer is type 0x0C in the BSON spec.
-    BSON_TYPE = 0x0C.chr.force_encoding(BINARY).freeze
+    BSON_TYPE = ::String.new(0x0C.chr, encoding: BINARY).freeze
 
     # Create a new DBPointer object.
     #

data/lib/bson/dbref.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+# encoding: utf-8
+
+# Copyright (C) 2015-2021 MongoDB Inc.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the 'License');
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an 'AS IS' BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+module BSON
+
+  # Represents a DBRef document in the database.
+  class DBRef < Document
+    include JSON
+
+    # The constant for the collection reference field.
+    #
+    # @deprecated
+    COLLECTION = '$ref'.freeze
+
+    # The constant for the id field.
+    #
+    # @deprecated
+    ID = '$id'.freeze
+
+    # The constant for the database field.
+    #
+    # @deprecated
+    DATABASE = '$db'.freeze
+
+    # @return [ String ] collection The collection name.
+    def collection
+      self['$ref']
+    end
+
+    # @return [ BSON::ObjectId ] id The referenced document id.
+    def id
+      self['$id']
+    end
+
+    # @return [ String ] database The database name.
+    def database
+      self['$db']
+    end
+
+    # Get the DBRef as a JSON document
+    #
+    # @example Get the DBRef as a JSON hash.
+    #   dbref.as_json
+    #
+    # @return [ Hash ] The max key as a JSON hash.
+    def as_json(*args)
+      {}.update(self)
+    end
+
+    # Instantiate a new DBRef.
+    #
+    # @example Create the DBRef.
+    #   BSON::DBRef.new({'$ref' => 'users', '$id' => id, '$db' => 'database'})
+    #
+    # @param [ Hash ] hash the DBRef hash. It must contain $ref and $id.
+    def initialize(hash)
+      hash = reorder_fields(hash)
+      %w($ref $id).each do |key|
+        unless hash[key]
+          raise ArgumentError, "DBRef must have #{key}: #{hash}"
+        end
+      end
+
+      unless hash['$ref'].is_a?(String)
+        raise ArgumentError, "The value for key $ref must be a string, got: #{hash['$ref']}"
+      end
+
+      if db = hash['$db']
+        unless db.is_a?(String)
+          raise ArgumentError, "The value for key $db must be a string, got: #{hash['$db']}"
+        end
+      end
+
+      super
+    end
+
+    # Converts the DBRef to raw BSON.
+    #
+    # @example Convert the DBRef to raw BSON.
+    #   dbref.to_bson
+    #
+    # @param [ BSON::ByteBuffer ] buffer The encoded BSON buffer to append to.
+    # @param [ true, false ] validating_keys Whether keys should be validated when serializing.
+    #
+    # @return [ BSON::ByteBuffer ] The buffer with the encoded object.
+    def to_bson(buffer = ByteBuffer.new, validating_keys = Config.validating_keys?)
+      as_json.to_bson(buffer, validating_keys)
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    # Reorder the fields of the given Hash to have $ref first, $id second,
+    # and $db third. The rest of the fields in the hash can come in any
+    # order after that.
+    #
+    # @param [ Hash ] hash The input hash. Must be a valid dbref.
+    #
+    # @return [ Hash ] The hash with it's fields reordered.
+    def reorder_fields(hash)
+      hash = BSON::Document.new(hash)
+      reordered = {}
+      reordered['$ref'] = hash.delete('$ref')
+      reordered['$id'] = hash.delete('$id')
+      if db = hash.delete('$db')
+        reordered['$db'] = db
+      end
+
+      reordered.update(hash)
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/bson/decimal128/builder.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 # Copyright (C) 2016-2020 MongoDB Inc.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -26,27 +27,27 @@ module BSON
       # Infinity mask.
       #
       # @since 4.2.0
-      INFINITY_MASK = 0x7800000000000000.freeze
+      INFINITY_MASK = 0x7800000000000000
 
       # NaN mask.
       #
       # @since 4.2.0
-      NAN_MASK = 0x7c00000000000000.freeze
+      NAN_MASK = 0x7c00000000000000
 
       # SNaN mask.
       #
       # @since 4.2.0
-      SNAN_MASK = (1 << 57).freeze
+      SNAN_MASK = (1 << 57)
 
       # Signed bit mask.
       #
       # @since 4.2.0
-      SIGN_BIT_MASK = (1 << 63).freeze
+      SIGN_BIT_MASK = (1 << 63)
 
       # The two highest bits of the 64 high order bits.
       #
       # @since 4.2.0
-      TWO_HIGHEST_BITS_SET = (3 << 61).freeze
+      TWO_HIGHEST_BITS_SET = (3 << 61)
 
       extend self
 
@@ -84,9 +85,13 @@ module BSON
       private
 
       def validate_range!(exponent, significand)
-        unless valid_significand?(significand) && valid_exponent?(exponent)
+        unless valid_exponent?(exponent)
           raise Decimal128::InvalidRange.new
         end
+
+        unless valid_significand?(significand)
+          raise Decimal128::UnrepresentablePrecision.new
+        end
       end
 
       def valid_significand?(significand)
@@ -109,14 +114,14 @@ module BSON
         # @return [ Regex ] A regex matching a NaN string.
         #
         # @since 4.2.0
-        NAN_REGEX = /^(\-)?(S)?NaN$/i.freeze
+        NAN_REGEX = /^(\-)?(S)?NaN$/i
 
         # Regex matching a string representing positive or negative Infinity.
         #
         # @return [ Regex ] A regex matching a positive or negative Infinity string.
         #
         # @since 4.2.0
-        INFINITY_REGEX = /^(\+|\-)?Inf(inity)?$/i.freeze
+        INFINITY_REGEX = /^(\+|\-)?Inf(inity)?$/i
 
         # Regex for the fraction, including leading zeros.
         #
@@ -124,33 +129,33 @@ module BSON
         #   including leading zeros.
         #
         # @since 4.2.0
-        SIGNIFICAND_WITH_LEADING_ZEROS_REGEX = /(0*)(\d+)/.freeze
+        SIGNIFICAND_WITH_LEADING_ZEROS_REGEX = /(0*)(\d+)/
 
         # Regex for separating a negative sign from the significands.
         #
         # @return [ Regex ] The regex for separating a sign from significands.
         #
         # @since 4.2.0
-        SIGN_AND_DIGITS_REGEX = /^(\-)?(\S+)/.freeze
+        SIGN_AND_DIGITS_REGEX = /^(\-)?(\S+)/
 
         # Regex matching a scientific exponent.
         #
         # @return [ Regex ] A regex matching E, e, E+, e+.
         #
         # @since 4.2.0
-        SCIENTIFIC_EXPONENT_REGEX = /E\+?/i.freeze
+        SCIENTIFIC_EXPONENT_REGEX = /E\+?/i
 
         # Regex for capturing trailing zeros.
         #
         # @since 4.2.0
-        TRAILING_ZEROS_REGEX = /[1-9]*(0+)$/.freeze
+        TRAILING_ZEROS_REGEX = /[1-9]*(0+)$/
 
         # Regex for a valid decimal128 string format.
         #
         # @return [ Regex ] The regex for a valid decimal128 string.
         #
         # @since 4.2.0
-        VALID_DECIMAL128_STRING_REGEX = /^[\-\+]?(\d+(\.\d*)?|\.\d+)(E[\-\+]?\d+)?$/i.freeze
+        VALID_DECIMAL128_STRING_REGEX = /^[\-\+]?(\d+(\.\d*)?|\.\d+)(E[\-\+]?\d+)?$/i
 
         # Initialize the FromString Builder object.
         #
@@ -301,11 +306,11 @@ module BSON
 
         def to_special_bits
           case @big_decimal.sign
-            when BigDecimal::SIGN_POSITIVE_INFINITE
+            when ::BigDecimal::SIGN_POSITIVE_INFINITE
               high = INFINITY_MASK
-            when BigDecimal::SIGN_NEGATIVE_INFINITE
+            when ::BigDecimal::SIGN_NEGATIVE_INFINITE
               high = INFINITY_MASK | SIGN_BIT_MASK
-            when BigDecimal::SIGN_NaN
+            when ::BigDecimal::SIGN_NaN
               high = NAN_MASK
           end
           [ 0, high ]
@@ -314,7 +319,7 @@ module BSON
         def to_bits
           sign, significand_str, base, exp = @big_decimal.split
           exponent = @big_decimal.zero? ? 0 : exp - significand_str.length
-          is_negative = (sign == BigDecimal::SIGN_NEGATIVE_FINITE || sign == BigDecimal::SIGN_NEGATIVE_ZERO)
+          is_negative = (sign == ::BigDecimal::SIGN_NEGATIVE_FINITE || sign == ::BigDecimal::SIGN_NEGATIVE_ZERO)
           Builder.parts_to_bits(significand_str.to_i,
                                 exponent,
                                 is_negative)
@@ -337,14 +342,14 @@ module BSON
         # @return [ String ] The string representing NaN.
         #
         # @since 4.2.0
-        NAN_STRING = 'NaN'.freeze
+        NAN_STRING = 'NaN'
 
         # String representing an Infinity value.
         #
         # @return [ String ] The string representing Infinity.
         #
         # @since 4.2.0
-        INFINITY_STRING = 'Infinity'.freeze
+        INFINITY_STRING = 'Infinity'
 
         # Initialize the FromBigDecimal Builder object.
         #
@@ -366,11 +371,13 @@ module BSON
         #
         # @return [ String ] The string representing the decimal128 object.
         #
+        # @note The returned string may be frozen.
+        #
         # @since 4.2.0
         def string
           return NAN_STRING if nan?
           str = infinity? ? INFINITY_STRING : create_string
-          negative? ? '-' << str : str
+          negative? ? "-#{str}" : str
         end
 
         private