bpm 1.0.0.beta.5 → 1.0.0.beta.6

data/backbone/lib/backbone.js

@@ -1,1149 +0,0 @@
-//     Backbone.js 0.5.1
-//     (c) 2010 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud Inc.
-//     Backbone may be freely distributed under the MIT license.
-//     For all details and documentation:
-//     http://documentcloud.github.com/backbone
-
-(function(){
-
-  // Initial Setup
-  // -------------
-
-  // Save a reference to the global object.
-  var root = this;
-
-  // Save the previous value of the `Backbone` variable.
-  var previousBackbone = root.Backbone;
-
-  // The top-level namespace. All public Backbone classes and modules will
-  // be attached to this. Exported for both CommonJS and the browser.
-  var Backbone;
-  if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') {
-    Backbone = exports;
-  } else {
-    Backbone = root.Backbone = {};
-  }
-
-  // Current version of the library. Keep in sync with `package.json`.
-  Backbone.VERSION = '0.5.1';
-
-  // Require Underscore, if we're on the server, and it's not already present.
-  var _ = root._;
-  if (!_ && (typeof require !== 'undefined')) _ = require('underscore')._;
-
-  // For Backbone's purposes, jQuery or Zepto owns the `$` variable.
-  var $ = root.jQuery || root.Zepto;
-
-  // Runs Backbone.js in *noConflict* mode, returning the `Backbone` variable
-  // to its previous owner. Returns a reference to this Backbone object.
-  Backbone.noConflict = function() {
-    root.Backbone = previousBackbone;
-    return this;
-  };
-
-  // Turn on `emulateHTTP` to use support legacy HTTP servers. Setting this option will
-  // fake `"PUT"` and `"DELETE"` requests via the `_method` parameter and set a
-  // `X-Http-Method-Override` header.
-  Backbone.emulateHTTP = false;
-
-  // Turn on `emulateJSON` to support legacy servers that can't deal with direct
-  // `application/json` requests ... will encode the body as
-  // `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` instead and will send the model in a
-  // form param named `model`.
-  Backbone.emulateJSON = false;
-
-  // Backbone.Events
-  // -----------------
-
-  // A module that can be mixed in to *any object* in order to provide it with
-  // custom events. You may `bind` or `unbind` a callback function to an event;
-  // `trigger`-ing an event fires all callbacks in succession.
-  //
-  //     var object = {};
-  //     _.extend(object, Backbone.Events);
-  //     object.bind('expand', function(){ alert('expanded'); });
-  //     object.trigger('expand');
-  //
-  Backbone.Events = {
-
-    // Bind an event, specified by a string name, `ev`, to a `callback` function.
-    // Passing `"all"` will bind the callback to all events fired.
-    bind : function(ev, callback) {
-      var calls = this._callbacks || (this._callbacks = {});
-      var list  = calls[ev] || (calls[ev] = []);
-      list.push(callback);
-      return this;
-    },
-
-    // Remove one or many callbacks. If `callback` is null, removes all
-    // callbacks for the event. If `ev` is null, removes all bound callbacks
-    // for all events.
-    unbind : function(ev, callback) {
-      var calls;
-      if (!ev) {
-        this._callbacks = {};
-      } else if (calls = this._callbacks) {
-        if (!callback) {
-          calls[ev] = [];
-        } else {
-          var list = calls[ev];
-          if (!list) return this;
-          for (var i = 0, l = list.length; i < l; i++) {
-            if (callback === list[i]) {
-              list[i] = null;
-              break;
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      return this;
-    },
-
-    // Trigger an event, firing all bound callbacks. Callbacks are passed the
-    // same arguments as `trigger` is, apart from the event name.
-    // Listening for `"all"` passes the true event name as the first argument.
-    trigger : function(eventName) {
-      var list, calls, ev, callback, args;
-      var both = 2;
-      if (!(calls = this._callbacks)) return this;
-      while (both--) {
-        ev = both ? eventName : 'all';
-        if (list = calls[ev]) {
-          for (var i = 0, l = list.length; i < l; i++) {
-            if (!(callback = list[i])) {
-              list.splice(i, 1); i--; l--;
-            } else {
-              args = both ? Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1) : arguments;
-              callback.apply(this, args);
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      return this;
-    }
-
-  };
-
-  // Backbone.Model
-  // --------------
-
-  // Create a new model, with defined attributes. A client id (`cid`)
-  // is automatically generated and assigned for you.
-  Backbone.Model = function(attributes, options) {
-    var defaults;
-    attributes || (attributes = {});
-    if (defaults = this.defaults) {
-      if (_.isFunction(defaults)) defaults = defaults();
-      attributes = _.extend({}, defaults, attributes);
-    }
-    this.attributes = {};
-    this._escapedAttributes = {};
-    this.cid = _.uniqueId('c');
-    this.set(attributes, {silent : true});
-    this._changed = false;
-    this._previousAttributes = _.clone(this.attributes);
-    if (options && options.collection) this.collection = options.collection;
-    this.initialize(attributes, options);
-  };
-
-  // Attach all inheritable methods to the Model prototype.
-  _.extend(Backbone.Model.prototype, Backbone.Events, {
-
-    // A snapshot of the model's previous attributes, taken immediately
-    // after the last `"change"` event was fired.
-    _previousAttributes : null,
-
-    // Has the item been changed since the last `"change"` event?
-    _changed : false,
-
-    // The default name for the JSON `id` attribute is `"id"`. MongoDB and
-    // CouchDB users may want to set this to `"_id"`.
-    idAttribute : 'id',
-
-    // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
-    // initialization logic.
-    initialize : function(){},
-
-    // Return a copy of the model's `attributes` object.
-    toJSON : function() {
-      return _.clone(this.attributes);
-    },
-
-    // Get the value of an attribute.
-    get : function(attr) {
-      return this.attributes[attr];
-    },
-
-    // Get the HTML-escaped value of an attribute.
-    escape : function(attr) {
-      var html;
-      if (html = this._escapedAttributes[attr]) return html;
-      var val = this.attributes[attr];
-      return this._escapedAttributes[attr] = escapeHTML(val == null ? '' : '' + val);
-    },
-
-    // Returns `true` if the attribute contains a value that is not null
-    // or undefined.
-    has : function(attr) {
-      return this.attributes[attr] != null;
-    },
-
-    // Set a hash of model attributes on the object, firing `"change"` unless you
-    // choose to silence it.
-    set : function(attrs, options) {
-
-      // Extract attributes and options.
-      options || (options = {});
-      if (!attrs) return this;
-      if (attrs.attributes) attrs = attrs.attributes;
-      var now = this.attributes, escaped = this._escapedAttributes;
-
-      // Run validation.
-      if (!options.silent && this.validate && !this._performValidation(attrs, options)) return false;
-
-      // Check for changes of `id`.
-      if (this.idAttribute in attrs) this.id = attrs[this.idAttribute];
-
-      // We're about to start triggering change events.
-      var alreadyChanging = this._changing;
-      this._changing = true;
-
-      // Update attributes.
-      for (var attr in attrs) {
-        var val = attrs[attr];
-        if (!_.isEqual(now[attr], val)) {
-          now[attr] = val;
-          delete escaped[attr];
-          this._changed = true;
-          if (!options.silent) this.trigger('change:' + attr, this, val, options);
-        }
-      }
-
-      // Fire the `"change"` event, if the model has been changed.
-      if (!alreadyChanging && !options.silent && this._changed) this.change(options);
-      this._changing = false;
-      return this;
-    },
-
-    // Remove an attribute from the model, firing `"change"` unless you choose
-    // to silence it. `unset` is a noop if the attribute doesn't exist.
-    unset : function(attr, options) {
-      if (!(attr in this.attributes)) return this;
-      options || (options = {});
-      var value = this.attributes[attr];
-
-      // Run validation.
-      var validObj = {};
-      validObj[attr] = void 0;
-      if (!options.silent && this.validate && !this._performValidation(validObj, options)) return false;
-
-      // Remove the attribute.
-      delete this.attributes[attr];
-      delete this._escapedAttributes[attr];
-      if (attr == this.idAttribute) delete this.id;
-      this._changed = true;
-      if (!options.silent) {
-        this.trigger('change:' + attr, this, void 0, options);
-        this.change(options);
-      }
-      return this;
-    },
-
-    // Clear all attributes on the model, firing `"change"` unless you choose
-    // to silence it.
-    clear : function(options) {
-      options || (options = {});
-      var attr;
-      var old = this.attributes;
-
-      // Run validation.
-      var validObj = {};
-      for (attr in old) validObj[attr] = void 0;
-      if (!options.silent && this.validate && !this._performValidation(validObj, options)) return false;
-
-      this.attributes = {};
-      this._escapedAttributes = {};
-      this._changed = true;
-      if (!options.silent) {
-        for (attr in old) {
-          this.trigger('change:' + attr, this, void 0, options);
-        }
-        this.change(options);
-      }
-      return this;
-    },
-
-    // Fetch the model from the server. If the server's representation of the
-    // model differs from its current attributes, they will be overriden,
-    // triggering a `"change"` event.
-    fetch : function(options) {
-      options || (options = {});
-      var model = this;
-      var success = options.success;
-      options.success = function(resp, status, xhr) {
-        if (!model.set(model.parse(resp, xhr), options)) return false;
-        if (success) success(model, resp);
-      };
-      options.error = wrapError(options.error, model, options);
-      return (this.sync || Backbone.sync).call(this, 'read', this, options);
-    },
-
-    // Set a hash of model attributes, and sync the model to the server.
-    // If the server returns an attributes hash that differs, the model's
-    // state will be `set` again.
-    save : function(attrs, options) {
-      options || (options = {});
-      if (attrs && !this.set(attrs, options)) return false;
-      var model = this;
-      var success = options.success;
-      options.success = function(resp, status, xhr) {
-        if (!model.set(model.parse(resp, xhr), options)) return false;
-        if (success) success(model, resp, xhr);
-      };
-      options.error = wrapError(options.error, model, options);
-      var method = this.isNew() ? 'create' : 'update';
-      return (this.sync || Backbone.sync).call(this, method, this, options);
-    },
-
-    // Destroy this model on the server if it was already persisted. Upon success, the model is removed
-    // from its collection, if it has one.
-    destroy : function(options) {
-      options || (options = {});
-      if (this.isNew()) return this.trigger('destroy', this, this.collection, options);
-      var model = this;
-      var success = options.success;
-      options.success = function(resp) {
-        model.trigger('destroy', model, model.collection, options);
-        if (success) success(model, resp);
-      };
-      options.error = wrapError(options.error, model, options);
-      return (this.sync || Backbone.sync).call(this, 'delete', this, options);
-    },
-
-    // Default URL for the model's representation on the server -- if you're
-    // using Backbone's restful methods, override this to change the endpoint
-    // that will be called.
-    url : function() {
-      var base = getUrl(this.collection) || this.urlRoot || urlError();
-      if (this.isNew()) return base;
-      return base + (base.charAt(base.length - 1) == '/' ? '' : '/') + encodeURIComponent(this.id);
-    },
-
-    // **parse** converts a response into the hash of attributes to be `set` on
-    // the model. The default implementation is just to pass the response along.
-    parse : function(resp, xhr) {
-      return resp;
-    },
-
-    // Create a new model with identical attributes to this one.
-    clone : function() {
-      return new this.constructor(this);
-    },
-
-    // A model is new if it has never been saved to the server, and lacks an id.
-    isNew : function() {
-      return this.id == null;
-    },
-
-    // Call this method to manually fire a `change` event for this model.
-    // Calling this will cause all objects observing the model to update.
-    change : function(options) {
-      this.trigger('change', this, options);
-      this._previousAttributes = _.clone(this.attributes);
-      this._changed = false;
-    },
-
-    // Determine if the model has changed since the last `"change"` event.
-    // If you specify an attribute name, determine if that attribute has changed.
-    hasChanged : function(attr) {
-      if (attr) return this._previousAttributes[attr] != this.attributes[attr];
-      return this._changed;
-    },
-
-    // Return an object containing all the attributes that have changed, or false
-    // if there are no changed attributes. Useful for determining what parts of a
-    // view need to be updated and/or what attributes need to be persisted to
-    // the server.
-    changedAttributes : function(now) {
-      now || (now = this.attributes);
-      var old = this._previousAttributes;
-      var changed = false;
-      for (var attr in now) {
-        if (!_.isEqual(old[attr], now[attr])) {
-          changed = changed || {};
-          changed[attr] = now[attr];
-        }
-      }
-      return changed;
-    },
-
-    // Get the previous value of an attribute, recorded at the time the last
-    // `"change"` event was fired.
-    previous : function(attr) {
-      if (!attr || !this._previousAttributes) return null;
-      return this._previousAttributes[attr];
-    },
-
-    // Get all of the attributes of the model at the time of the previous
-    // `"change"` event.
-    previousAttributes : function() {
-      return _.clone(this._previousAttributes);
-    },
-
-    // Run validation against a set of incoming attributes, returning `true`
-    // if all is well. If a specific `error` callback has been passed,
-    // call that instead of firing the general `"error"` event.
-    _performValidation : function(attrs, options) {
-      var error = this.validate(attrs);
-      if (error) {
-        if (options.error) {
-          options.error(this, error, options);
-        } else {
-          this.trigger('error', this, error, options);
-        }
-        return false;
-      }
-      return true;
-    }
-
-  });
-
-  // Backbone.Collection
-  // -------------------
-
-  // Provides a standard collection class for our sets of models, ordered
-  // or unordered. If a `comparator` is specified, the Collection will maintain
-  // its models in sort order, as they're added and removed.
-  Backbone.Collection = function(models, options) {
-    options || (options = {});
-    if (options.comparator) this.comparator = options.comparator;
-    _.bindAll(this, '_onModelEvent', '_removeReference');
-    this._reset();
-    if (models) this.reset(models, {silent: true});
-    this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
-  };
-
-  // Define the Collection's inheritable methods.
-  _.extend(Backbone.Collection.prototype, Backbone.Events, {
-
-    // The default model for a collection is just a **Backbone.Model**.
-    // This should be overridden in most cases.
-    model : Backbone.Model,
-
-    // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
-    // initialization logic.
-    initialize : function(){},
-
-    // The JSON representation of a Collection is an array of the
-    // models' attributes.
-    toJSON : function() {
-      return this.map(function(model){ return model.toJSON(); });
-    },
-
-    // Add a model, or list of models to the set. Pass **silent** to avoid
-    // firing the `added` event for every new model.
-    add : function(models, options) {
-      if (_.isArray(models)) {
-        for (var i = 0, l = models.length; i < l; i++) {
-          this._add(models[i], options);
-        }
-      } else {
-        this._add(models, options);
-      }
-      return this;
-    },
-
-    // Remove a model, or a list of models from the set. Pass silent to avoid
-    // firing the `removed` event for every model removed.
-    remove : function(models, options) {
-      if (_.isArray(models)) {
-        for (var i = 0, l = models.length; i < l; i++) {
-          this._remove(models[i], options);
-        }
-      } else {
-        this._remove(models, options);
-      }
-      return this;
-    },
-
-    // Get a model from the set by id.
-    get : function(id) {
-      if (id == null) return null;
-      return this._byId[id.id != null ? id.id : id];
-    },
-
-    // Get a model from the set by client id.
-    getByCid : function(cid) {
-      return cid && this._byCid[cid.cid || cid];
-    },
-
-    // Get the model at the given index.
-    at: function(index) {
-      return this.models[index];
-    },
-
-    // Force the collection to re-sort itself. You don't need to call this under normal
-    // circumstances, as the set will maintain sort order as each item is added.
-    sort : function(options) {
-      options || (options = {});
-      if (!this.comparator) throw new Error('Cannot sort a set without a comparator');
-      this.models = this.sortBy(this.comparator);
-      if (!options.silent) this.trigger('reset', this, options);
-      return this;
-    },
-
-    // Pluck an attribute from each model in the collection.
-    pluck : function(attr) {
-      return _.map(this.models, function(model){ return model.get(attr); });
-    },
-
-    // When you have more items than you want to add or remove individually,
-    // you can reset the entire set with a new list of models, without firing
-    // any `added` or `removed` events. Fires `reset` when finished.
-    reset : function(models, options) {
-      models  || (models = []);
-      options || (options = {});
-      this.each(this._removeReference);
-      this._reset();
-      this.add(models, {silent: true});
-      if (!options.silent) this.trigger('reset', this, options);
-      return this;
-    },
-
-    // Fetch the default set of models for this collection, resetting the
-    // collection when they arrive. If `add: true` is passed, appends the
-    // models to the collection instead of resetting.
-    fetch : function(options) {
-      options || (options = {});
-      var collection = this;
-      var success = options.success;
-      options.success = function(resp, status, xhr) {
-        collection[options.add ? 'add' : 'reset'](collection.parse(resp, xhr), options);
-        if (success) success(collection, resp);
-      };
-      options.error = wrapError(options.error, collection, options);
-      return (this.sync || Backbone.sync).call(this, 'read', this, options);
-    },
-
-    // Create a new instance of a model in this collection. After the model
-    // has been created on the server, it will be added to the collection.
-    // Returns the model, or 'false' if validation on a new model fails.
-    create : function(model, options) {
-      var coll = this;
-      options || (options = {});
-      model = this._prepareModel(model, options);
-      if (!model) return false;
-      var success = options.success;
-      options.success = function(nextModel, resp, xhr) {
-        coll.add(nextModel, options);
-        if (success) success(nextModel, resp, xhr);
-      };
-      model.save(null, options);
-      return model;
-    },
-
-    // **parse** converts a response into a list of models to be added to the
-    // collection. The default implementation is just to pass it through.
-    parse : function(resp, xhr) {
-      return resp;
-    },
-
-    // Proxy to _'s chain. Can't be proxied the same way the rest of the
-    // underscore methods are proxied because it relies on the underscore
-    // constructor.
-    chain: function () {
-      return _(this.models).chain();
-    },
-
-    // Reset all internal state. Called when the collection is reset.
-    _reset : function(options) {
-      this.length = 0;
-      this.models = [];
-      this._byId  = {};
-      this._byCid = {};
-    },
-
-    // Prepare a model to be added to this collection
-    _prepareModel: function(model, options) {
-      if (!(model instanceof Backbone.Model)) {
-        var attrs = model;
-        model = new this.model(attrs, {collection: this});
-        if (model.validate && !model._performValidation(attrs, options)) model = false;
-      } else if (!model.collection) {
-        model.collection = this;
-      }
-      return model;
-    },
-
-    // Internal implementation of adding a single model to the set, updating
-    // hash indexes for `id` and `cid` lookups.
-    // Returns the model, or 'false' if validation on a new model fails.
-    _add : function(model, options) {
-      options || (options = {});
-      model = this._prepareModel(model, options);
-      if (!model) return false;
-      var already = this.getByCid(model);
-      if (already) throw new Error(["Can't add the same model to a set twice", already.id]);
-      this._byId[model.id] = model;
-      this._byCid[model.cid] = model;
-      var index = options.at != null ? options.at :
-                  this.comparator ? this.sortedIndex(model, this.comparator) :
-                  this.length;
-      this.models.splice(index, 0, model);
-      model.bind('all', this._onModelEvent);
-      this.length++;
-      if (!options.silent) model.trigger('add', model, this, options);
-      return model;
-    },
-
-    // Internal implementation of removing a single model from the set, updating
-    // hash indexes for `id` and `cid` lookups.
-    _remove : function(model, options) {
-      options || (options = {});
-      model = this.getByCid(model) || this.get(model);
-      if (!model) return null;
-      delete this._byId[model.id];
-      delete this._byCid[model.cid];
-      this.models.splice(this.indexOf(model), 1);
-      this.length--;
-      if (!options.silent) model.trigger('remove', model, this, options);
-      this._removeReference(model);
-      return model;
-    },
-
-    // Internal method to remove a model's ties to a collection.
-    _removeReference : function(model) {
-      if (this == model.collection) {
-        delete model.collection;
-      }
-      model.unbind('all', this._onModelEvent);
-    },
-
-    // Internal method called every time a model in the set fires an event.
-    // Sets need to update their indexes when models change ids. All other
-    // events simply proxy through. "add" and "remove" events that originate
-    // in other collections are ignored.
-    _onModelEvent : function(ev, model, collection, options) {
-      if ((ev == 'add' || ev == 'remove') && collection != this) return;
-      if (ev == 'destroy') {
-        this._remove(model, options);
-      }
-      if (model && ev === 'change:' + model.idAttribute) {
-        delete this._byId[model.previous(model.idAttribute)];
-        this._byId[model.id] = model;
-      }
-      this.trigger.apply(this, arguments);
-    }
-
-  });
-
-  // Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Collection.
-  var methods = ['forEach', 'each', 'map', 'reduce', 'reduceRight', 'find', 'detect',
-    'filter', 'select', 'reject', 'every', 'all', 'some', 'any', 'include',
-    'contains', 'invoke', 'max', 'min', 'sortBy', 'sortedIndex', 'toArray', 'size',
-    'first', 'rest', 'last', 'without', 'indexOf', 'lastIndexOf', 'isEmpty'];
-
-  // Mix in each Underscore method as a proxy to `Collection#models`.
-  _.each(methods, function(method) {
-    Backbone.Collection.prototype[method] = function() {
-      return _[method].apply(_, [this.models].concat(_.toArray(arguments)));
-    };
-  });
-
-  // Backbone.Router
-  // -------------------
-
-  // Routers map faux-URLs to actions, and fire events when routes are
-  // matched. Creating a new one sets its `routes` hash, if not set statically.
-  Backbone.Router = function(options) {
-    options || (options = {});
-    if (options.routes) this.routes = options.routes;
-    this._bindRoutes();
-    this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
-  };
-
-  // Cached regular expressions for matching named param parts and splatted
-  // parts of route strings.
-  var namedParam    = /:([\w\d]+)/g;
-  var splatParam    = /\*([\w\d]+)/g;
-  var escapeRegExp  = /[-[\]{}()+?.,\\^$|#\s]/g;
-
-  // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.Router** properties and methods.
-  _.extend(Backbone.Router.prototype, Backbone.Events, {
-
-    // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
-    // initialization logic.
-    initialize : function(){},
-
-    // Manually bind a single named route to a callback. For example:
-    //
-    //     this.route('search/:query/p:num', 'search', function(query, num) {
-    //       ...
-    //     });
-    //
-    route : function(route, name, callback) {
-      Backbone.history || (Backbone.history = new Backbone.History);
-      if (!_.isRegExp(route)) route = this._routeToRegExp(route);
-      Backbone.history.route(route, _.bind(function(fragment) {
-        var args = this._extractParameters(route, fragment);
-        callback.apply(this, args);
-        this.trigger.apply(this, ['route:' + name].concat(args));
-      }, this));
-    },
-
-    // Simple proxy to `Backbone.history` to save a fragment into the history.
-    navigate : function(fragment, triggerRoute) {
-      Backbone.history.navigate(fragment, triggerRoute);
-    },
-
-    // Bind all defined routes to `Backbone.history`. We have to reverse the
-    // order of the routes here to support behavior where the most general
-    // routes can be defined at the bottom of the route map.
-    _bindRoutes : function() {
-      if (!this.routes) return;
-      var routes = [];
-      for (var route in this.routes) {
-        routes.unshift([route, this.routes[route]]);
-      }
-      for (var i = 0, l = routes.length; i < l; i++) {
-        this.route(routes[i][0], routes[i][1], this[routes[i][1]]);
-      }
-    },
-
-    // Convert a route string into a regular expression, suitable for matching
-    // against the current location hash.
-    _routeToRegExp : function(route) {
-      route = route.replace(escapeRegExp, "\\$&")
-                   .replace(namedParam, "([^\/]*)")
-                   .replace(splatParam, "(.*?)");
-      return new RegExp('^' + route + '$');
-    },
-
-    // Given a route, and a URL fragment that it matches, return the array of
-    // extracted parameters.
-    _extractParameters : function(route, fragment) {
-      return route.exec(fragment).slice(1);
-    }
-
-  });
-
-  // Backbone.History
-  // ----------------
-
-  // Handles cross-browser history management, based on URL fragments. If the
-  // browser does not support `onhashchange`, falls back to polling.
-  Backbone.History = function() {
-    this.handlers = [];
-    _.bindAll(this, 'checkUrl');
-  };
-
-  // Cached regex for cleaning hashes.
-  var hashStrip = /^#*/;
-
-  // Cached regex for detecting MSIE.
-  var isExplorer = /msie [\w.]+/;
-
-  // Has the history handling already been started?
-  var historyStarted = false;
-
-  // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.History** properties and methods.
-  _.extend(Backbone.History.prototype, {
-
-    // The default interval to poll for hash changes, if necessary, is
-    // twenty times a second.
-    interval: 50,
-
-    // Get the cross-browser normalized URL fragment, either from the URL,
-    // the hash, or the override.
-    getFragment : function(fragment, forcePushState) {
-      if (fragment == null) {
-        if (this._hasPushState || forcePushState) {
-          fragment = window.location.pathname;
-          var search = window.location.search;
-          if (search) fragment += search;
-          if (fragment.indexOf(this.options.root) == 0) fragment = fragment.substr(this.options.root.length);
-        } else {
-          fragment = window.location.hash;
-        }
-      }
-      return fragment.replace(hashStrip, '');
-    },
-
-    // Start the hash change handling, returning `true` if the current URL matches
-    // an existing route, and `false` otherwise.
-    start : function(options) {
-
-      // Figure out the initial configuration. Do we need an iframe?
-      // Is pushState desired ... is it available?
-      if (historyStarted) throw new Error("Backbone.history has already been started");
-      this.options          = _.extend({}, {root: '/'}, this.options, options);
-      this._wantsPushState  = !!this.options.pushState;
-      this._hasPushState    = !!(this.options.pushState && window.history && window.history.pushState);
-      var fragment          = this.getFragment();
-      var docMode           = document.documentMode;
-      var oldIE             = (isExplorer.exec(navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase()) && (!docMode || docMode <= 7));
-      if (oldIE) {
-        this.iframe = $('<iframe src="javascript:0" tabindex="-1" />').hide().appendTo('body')[0].contentWindow;
-        this.navigate(fragment);
-      }
-
-      // Depending on whether we're using pushState or hashes, and whether
-      // 'onhashchange' is supported, determine how we check the URL state.
-      if (this._hasPushState) {
-        $(window).bind('popstate', this.checkUrl);
-      } else if ('onhashchange' in window && !oldIE) {
-        $(window).bind('hashchange', this.checkUrl);
-      } else {
-        setInterval(this.checkUrl, this.interval);
-      }
-
-      // Determine if we need to change the base url, for a pushState link
-      // opened by a non-pushState browser.
-      this.fragment = fragment;
-      historyStarted = true;
-      var loc = window.location;
-      var atRoot  = loc.pathname == this.options.root;
-      if (this._wantsPushState && !this._hasPushState && !atRoot) {
-        this.fragment = this.getFragment(null, true);
-        window.location.replace(this.options.root + '#' + this.fragment);
-      } else if (this._wantsPushState && this._hasPushState && atRoot && loc.hash) {
-        this.fragment = loc.hash.replace(hashStrip, '');
-        window.history.replaceState({}, document.title, loc.protocol + '//' + loc.host + this.options.root + this.fragment);
-      }
-      return this.loadUrl();
-    },
-
-    // Add a route to be tested when the fragment changes. Routes added later may
-    // override previous routes.
-    route : function(route, callback) {
-      this.handlers.unshift({route : route, callback : callback});
-    },
-
-    // Checks the current URL to see if it has changed, and if it has,
-    // calls `loadUrl`, normalizing across the hidden iframe.
-    checkUrl : function(e) {
-      var current = this.getFragment();
-      if (current == this.fragment && this.iframe) current = this.getFragment(this.iframe.location.hash);
-      if (current == this.fragment || current == decodeURIComponent(this.fragment)) return false;
-      if (this.iframe) this.navigate(current);
-      this.loadUrl() || this.loadUrl(window.location.hash);
-    },
-
-    // Attempt to load the current URL fragment. If a route succeeds with a
-    // match, returns `true`. If no defined routes matches the fragment,
-    // returns `false`.
-    loadUrl : function(fragmentOverride) {
-      var fragment = this.fragment = this.getFragment(fragmentOverride);
-      var matched = _.any(this.handlers, function(handler) {
-        if (handler.route.test(fragment)) {
-          handler.callback(fragment);
-          return true;
-        }
-      });
-      return matched;
-    },
-
-    // Save a fragment into the hash history. You are responsible for properly
-    // URL-encoding the fragment in advance. This does not trigger
-    // a `hashchange` event.
-    navigate : function(fragment, triggerRoute) {
-      var frag = (fragment || '').replace(hashStrip, '');
-      if (this.fragment == frag || this.fragment == decodeURIComponent(frag)) return;
-      if (this._hasPushState) {
-        var loc = window.location;
-        if (frag.indexOf(this.options.root) != 0) frag = this.options.root + frag;
-        this.fragment = frag;
-        window.history.pushState({}, document.title, loc.protocol + '//' + loc.host + frag);
-      } else {
-        window.location.hash = this.fragment = frag;
-        if (this.iframe && (frag != this.getFragment(this.iframe.location.hash))) {
-          this.iframe.document.open().close();
-          this.iframe.location.hash = frag;
-        }
-      }
-      if (triggerRoute) this.loadUrl(fragment);
-    }
-
-  });
-
-  // Backbone.View
-  // -------------
-
-  // Creating a Backbone.View creates its initial element outside of the DOM,
-  // if an existing element is not provided...
-  Backbone.View = function(options) {
-    this.cid = _.uniqueId('view');
-    this._configure(options || {});
-    this._ensureElement();
-    this.delegateEvents();
-    this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
-  };
-
-  // Element lookup, scoped to DOM elements within the current view.
-  // This should be prefered to global lookups, if you're dealing with
-  // a specific view.
-  var selectorDelegate = function(selector) {
-    return $(selector, this.el);
-  };
-
-  // Cached regex to split keys for `delegate`.
-  var eventSplitter = /^(\S+)\s*(.*)$/;
-
-  // List of view options to be merged as properties.
-  var viewOptions = ['model', 'collection', 'el', 'id', 'attributes', 'className', 'tagName'];
-
-  // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.View** properties and methods.
-  _.extend(Backbone.View.prototype, Backbone.Events, {
-
-    // The default `tagName` of a View's element is `"div"`.
-    tagName : 'div',
-
-    // Attach the `selectorDelegate` function as the `$` property.
-    $       : selectorDelegate,
-
-    // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
-    // initialization logic.
-    initialize : function(){},
-
-    // **render** is the core function that your view should override, in order
-    // to populate its element (`this.el`), with the appropriate HTML. The
-    // convention is for **render** to always return `this`.
-    render : function() {
-      return this;
-    },
-
-    // Remove this view from the DOM. Note that the view isn't present in the
-    // DOM by default, so calling this method may be a no-op.
-    remove : function() {
-      $(this.el).remove();
-      return this;
-    },
-
-    // For small amounts of DOM Elements, where a full-blown template isn't
-    // needed, use **make** to manufacture elements, one at a time.
-    //
-    //     var el = this.make('li', {'class': 'row'}, this.model.escape('title'));
-    //
-    make : function(tagName, attributes, content) {
-      var el = document.createElement(tagName);
-      if (attributes) $(el).attr(attributes);
-      if (content) $(el).html(content);
-      return el;
-    },
-
-    // Set callbacks, where `this.callbacks` is a hash of
-    //
-    // *{"event selector": "callback"}*
-    //
-    //     {
-    //       'mousedown .title':  'edit',
-    //       'click .button':     'save'
-    //     }
-    //
-    // pairs. Callbacks will be bound to the view, with `this` set properly.
-    // Uses event delegation for efficiency.
-    // Omitting the selector binds the event to `this.el`.
-    // This only works for delegate-able events: not `focus`, `blur`, and
-    // not `change`, `submit`, and `reset` in Internet Explorer.
-    delegateEvents : function(events) {
-      if (!(events || (events = this.events))) return;
-      $(this.el).unbind('.delegateEvents' + this.cid);
-      for (var key in events) {
-        var method = this[events[key]];
-        if (!method) throw new Error('Event "' + events[key] + '" does not exist');
-        var match = key.match(eventSplitter);
-        var eventName = match[1], selector = match[2];
-        method = _.bind(method, this);
-        eventName += '.delegateEvents' + this.cid;
-        if (selector === '') {
-          $(this.el).bind(eventName, method);
-        } else {
-          $(this.el).delegate(selector, eventName, method);
-        }
-      }
-    },
-
-    // Performs the initial configuration of a View with a set of options.
-    // Keys with special meaning *(model, collection, id, className)*, are
-    // attached directly to the view.
-    _configure : function(options) {
-      if (this.options) options = _.extend({}, this.options, options);
-      for (var i = 0, l = viewOptions.length; i < l; i++) {
-        var attr = viewOptions[i];
-        if (options[attr]) this[attr] = options[attr];
-      }
-      this.options = options;
-    },
-
-    // Ensure that the View has a DOM element to render into.
-    // If `this.el` is a string, pass it through `$()`, take the first
-    // matching element, and re-assign it to `el`. Otherwise, create
-    // an element from the `id`, `className` and `tagName` proeprties.
-    _ensureElement : function() {
-      if (!this.el) {
-        var attrs = this.attributes || {};
-        if (this.id) attrs.id = this.id;
-        if (this.className) attrs['class'] = this.className;
-        this.el = this.make(this.tagName, attrs);
-      } else if (_.isString(this.el)) {
-        this.el = $(this.el).get(0);
-      }
-    }
-
-  });
-
-  // The self-propagating extend function that Backbone classes use.
-  var extend = function (protoProps, classProps) {
-    var child = inherits(this, protoProps, classProps);
-    child.extend = this.extend;
-    return child;
-  };
-
-  // Set up inheritance for the model, collection, and view.
-  Backbone.Model.extend = Backbone.Collection.extend =
-    Backbone.Router.extend = Backbone.View.extend = extend;
-
-  // Map from CRUD to HTTP for our default `Backbone.sync` implementation.
-  var methodMap = {
-    'create': 'POST',
-    'update': 'PUT',
-    'delete': 'DELETE',
-    'read'  : 'GET'
-  };
-
-  // Backbone.sync
-  // -------------
-
-  // Override this function to change the manner in which Backbone persists
-  // models to the server. You will be passed the type of request, and the
-  // model in question. By default, uses makes a RESTful Ajax request
-  // to the model's `url()`. Some possible customizations could be:
-  //
-  // * Use `setTimeout` to batch rapid-fire updates into a single request.
-  // * Send up the models as XML instead of JSON.
-  // * Persist models via WebSockets instead of Ajax.
-  //
-  // Turn on `Backbone.emulateHTTP` in order to send `PUT` and `DELETE` requests
-  // as `POST`, with a `_method` parameter containing the true HTTP method,
-  // as well as all requests with the body as `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` instead of
-  // `application/json` with the model in a param named `model`.
-  // Useful when interfacing with server-side languages like **PHP** that make
-  // it difficult to read the body of `PUT` requests.
-  Backbone.sync = function(method, model, options) {
-    var type = methodMap[method];
-
-    // Default JSON-request options.
-    var params = _.extend({
-      type:         type,
-      dataType:     'json',
-      processData:  false
-    }, options);
-
-    // Ensure that we have a URL.
-    if (!params.url) {
-      params.url = getUrl(model) || urlError();
-    }
-
-    // Ensure that we have the appropriate request data.
-    if (!params.data && model && (method == 'create' || method == 'update')) {
-      params.contentType = 'application/json';
-      params.data = JSON.stringify(model.toJSON());
-    }
-
-    // For older servers, emulate JSON by encoding the request into an HTML-form.
-    if (Backbone.emulateJSON) {
-      params.contentType = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';
-      params.processData = true;
-      params.data        = params.data ? {model : params.data} : {};
-    }
-
-    // For older servers, emulate HTTP by mimicking the HTTP method with `_method`
-    // And an `X-HTTP-Method-Override` header.
-    if (Backbone.emulateHTTP) {
-      if (type === 'PUT' || type === 'DELETE') {
-        if (Backbone.emulateJSON) params.data._method = type;
-        params.type = 'POST';
-        params.beforeSend = function(xhr) {
-          xhr.setRequestHeader('X-HTTP-Method-Override', type);
-        };
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Make the request.
-    return $.ajax(params);
-  };
-
-  // Helpers
-  // -------
-
-  // Shared empty constructor function to aid in prototype-chain creation.
-  var ctor = function(){};
-
-  // Helper function to correctly set up the prototype chain, for subclasses.
-  // Similar to `goog.inherits`, but uses a hash of prototype properties and
-  // class properties to be extended.
-  var inherits = function(parent, protoProps, staticProps) {
-    var child;
-
-    // The constructor function for the new subclass is either defined by you
-    // (the "constructor" property in your `extend` definition), or defaulted
-    // by us to simply call `super()`.
-    if (protoProps && protoProps.hasOwnProperty('constructor')) {
-      child = protoProps.constructor;
-    } else {
-      child = function(){ return parent.apply(this, arguments); };
-    }
-
-    // Inherit class (static) properties from parent.
-    _.extend(child, parent);
-
-    // Set the prototype chain to inherit from `parent`, without calling
-    // `parent`'s constructor function.
-    ctor.prototype = parent.prototype;
-    child.prototype = new ctor();
-
-    // Add prototype properties (instance properties) to the subclass,
-    // if supplied.
-    if (protoProps) _.extend(child.prototype, protoProps);
-
-    // Add static properties to the constructor function, if supplied.
-    if (staticProps) _.extend(child, staticProps);
-
-    // Correctly set child's `prototype.constructor`.
-    child.prototype.constructor = child;
-
-    // Set a convenience property in case the parent's prototype is needed later.
-    child.__super__ = parent.prototype;
-
-    return child;
-  };
-
-  // Helper function to get a URL from a Model or Collection as a property
-  // or as a function.
-  var getUrl = function(object) {
-    if (!(object && object.url)) return null;
-    return _.isFunction(object.url) ? object.url() : object.url;
-  };
-
-  // Throw an error when a URL is needed, and none is supplied.
-  var urlError = function() {
-    throw new Error('A "url" property or function must be specified');
-  };
-
-  // Wrap an optional error callback with a fallback error event.
-  var wrapError = function(onError, model, options) {
-    return function(resp) {
-      if (onError) {
-        onError(model, resp, options);
-      } else {
-        model.trigger('error', model, resp, options);
-      }
-    };
-  };
-
-  // Helper function to escape a string for HTML rendering.
-  var escapeHTML = function(string) {
-    return string.replace(/&(?!\w+;|#\d+;|#x[\da-f]+;)/gi, '&amp;').replace(/</g, '&lt;').replace(/>/g, '&gt;').replace(/"/g, '&quot;').replace(/'/g, '&#x27;').replace(/\//g,'&#x2F;');
-  };
-
-}).call(this);