bigdecimal 3.2.1 → 3.3.1

data/lib/bigdecimal.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,356 @@
 if RUBY_ENGINE == 'jruby'
   JRuby::Util.load_ext("org.jruby.ext.bigdecimal.BigDecimalLibrary")
+
+  class BigDecimal
+    def _decimal_shift(i) # :nodoc:
+      to_java.move_point_right(i).to_d
+    end
+  end
 else
   require 'bigdecimal.so'
 end
+
+class BigDecimal
+  module Internal # :nodoc:
+
+    # Coerce x to BigDecimal with the specified precision.
+    # TODO: some methods (example: BigMath.exp) require more precision than specified to coerce.
+    def self.coerce_to_bigdecimal(x, prec, method_name) # :nodoc:
+      case x
+      when BigDecimal
+        return x
+      when Integer, Float
+        return BigDecimal(x, 0)
+      when Rational
+        return BigDecimal(x, [prec, 2 * BigDecimal.double_fig].max)
+      end
+      raise ArgumentError, "#{x.inspect} can't be coerced into BigDecimal"
+    end
+
+    def self.coerce_validate_prec(prec, method_name, accept_zero: false) # :nodoc:
+      unless Integer === prec
+        original = prec
+        # Emulate Integer.try_convert for ruby < 3.1
+        if prec.respond_to?(:to_int)
+          prec = prec.to_int
+        else
+          raise TypeError, "no implicit conversion of #{original.class} into Integer"
+        end
+        raise TypeError, "can't convert #{original.class} to Integer" unless Integer === prec
+      end
+
+      if accept_zero
+        raise ArgumentError, "Negative precision for #{method_name}" if prec < 0
+      else
+        raise ArgumentError, "Zero or negative precision for #{method_name}" if prec <= 0
+      end
+      prec
+    end
+
+    def self.infinity_computation_result # :nodoc:
+      if BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_ALL).anybits?(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_INFINITY)
+        raise FloatDomainError, "Computation results in 'Infinity'"
+      end
+      BigDecimal::INFINITY
+    end
+
+    def self.nan_computation_result # :nodoc:
+      if BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_ALL).anybits?(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_NaN)
+        raise FloatDomainError, "Computation results to 'NaN'"
+      end
+      BigDecimal::NAN
+    end
+  end
+
+  #  call-seq:
+  #    self ** other -> bigdecimal
+  #
+  #  Returns the \BigDecimal value of +self+ raised to power +other+:
+  #
+  #    b = BigDecimal('3.14')
+  #    b ** 2              # => 0.98596e1
+  #    b ** 2.0            # => 0.98596e1
+  #    b ** Rational(2, 1) # => 0.98596e1
+  #
+  #  Related: BigDecimal#power.
+  #
+  def **(y)
+    case y
+    when BigDecimal, Integer, Float, Rational
+      power(y)
+    when nil
+      raise TypeError, 'wrong argument type NilClass'
+    else
+      x, y = y.coerce(self)
+      x**y
+    end
+  end
+
+  # call-seq:
+  #   power(n)
+  #   power(n, prec)
+  #
+  # Returns the value raised to the power of n.
+  #
+  # Also available as the operator **.
+  #
+  def power(y, prec = 0)
+    prec = Internal.coerce_validate_prec(prec, :power, accept_zero: true)
+    x = self
+    y = Internal.coerce_to_bigdecimal(y, prec.nonzero? || n_significant_digits, :power)
+
+    return Internal.nan_computation_result if x.nan? || y.nan?
+    return BigDecimal(1) if y.zero?
+
+    if y.infinite?
+      if x < 0
+        return BigDecimal(0) if x < -1 && y.negative?
+        return BigDecimal(0) if x > -1 && y.positive?
+        raise Math::DomainError, 'Result undefined for negative base raised to infinite power'
+      elsif x < 1
+        return y.positive? ? BigDecimal(0) : BigDecimal::Internal.infinity_computation_result
+      elsif x == 1
+        return BigDecimal(1)
+      else
+        return y.positive? ? BigDecimal::Internal.infinity_computation_result : BigDecimal(0)
+      end
+    end
+
+    if x.infinite? && y < 0
+      # Computation result will be +0 or -0. Avoid overflow.
+      neg = x < 0 && y.frac.zero? && y % 2 == 1
+      return neg ? -BigDecimal(0) : BigDecimal(0)
+    end
+
+    if x.zero?
+      return BigDecimal(1) if y.zero?
+      return BigDecimal(0) if y > 0
+      if y.frac.zero? && y % 2 == 1 && x.sign == -1
+        return -BigDecimal::Internal.infinity_computation_result
+      else
+        return BigDecimal::Internal.infinity_computation_result
+      end
+    elsif x < 0
+      if y.frac.zero?
+        if y % 2 == 0
+          return (-x).power(y, prec)
+        else
+          return -(-x).power(y, prec)
+        end
+      else
+        raise Math::DomainError, 'Computation results in complex number'
+      end
+    elsif x == 1
+      return BigDecimal(1)
+    end
+
+    prec = BigDecimal.limit if prec.zero?
+    frac_part = y.frac
+
+    if frac_part.zero? && prec.zero?
+      # Infinite precision calculation for `x ** int` and `x.power(int)`
+      int_part = y.fix.to_i
+      int_part = -int_part if (neg = int_part < 0)
+      ans = BigDecimal(1)
+      n = 1
+      xn = x
+      while true
+        ans *= xn if int_part.allbits?(n)
+        n <<= 1
+        break if n > int_part
+        xn *= xn
+        # Detect overflow/underflow before consuming infinite memory
+        if (xn.exponent.abs - 1) * int_part / n >= 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
+          return ((xn.exponent > 0) ^ neg ? BigDecimal::Internal.infinity_computation_result : BigDecimal(0)) * (int_part.even? || x > 0 ? 1 : -1)
+        end
+      end
+      return neg ? BigDecimal(1) / ans : ans
+    end
+
+    prec = [x.n_significant_digits, y.n_significant_digits, BigDecimal.double_fig].max + BigDecimal.double_fig if prec.zero?
+
+    if y < 0
+      inv = x.power(-y, prec)
+      return BigDecimal(0) if inv.infinite?
+      return BigDecimal::Internal.infinity_computation_result if inv.zero?
+      return BigDecimal(1).div(inv, prec)
+    end
+
+    prec2 = prec + BigDecimal.double_fig
+
+    if frac_part.zero? && y.exponent < Math.log(prec) * 5 + 20
+      # Use exponentiation by squaring if y is an integer and not too large
+      pow_prec = prec2 + y.exponent
+      n = 1
+      xn = x
+      ans = BigDecimal(1)
+      int_part = y.fix.to_i
+      while true
+        ans = ans.mult(xn, pow_prec) if int_part.allbits?(n)
+        n <<= 1
+        break if n > int_part
+        xn = xn.mult(xn, pow_prec)
+      end
+      ans.mult(1, prec)
+    else
+      if x > 1
+        # To calculate exp(z, prec), z needs prec+max(z.exponent, 0) precision if z > 0.
+        # Estimate (y*log(x)).exponent
+        logx_exponent = x < 2 ? (x - 1).exponent : Math.log10(x.exponent).round
+        ylogx_exponent = y.exponent + logx_exponent
+        prec2 += [ylogx_exponent, 0].max
+      end
+      BigMath.exp(BigMath.log(x, prec2).mult(y, prec2), prec)
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Returns the square root of the value.
+  #
+  # Result has at least prec significant digits.
+  #
+  def sqrt(prec)
+    prec = Internal.coerce_validate_prec(prec, :sqrt, accept_zero: true)
+    return Internal.infinity_computation_result if infinite? == 1
+
+    raise FloatDomainError, 'sqrt of negative value' if self < 0
+    raise FloatDomainError, "sqrt of 'NaN'(Not a Number)" if nan?
+    return self if zero?
+
+    if prec == 0
+      prec = BigDecimal.limit.nonzero? || n_significant_digits + BigDecimal.double_fig
+    end
+
+    ex = exponent / 2
+    x = _decimal_shift(-2 * ex)
+    y = BigDecimal(Math.sqrt(x.to_f), 0)
+    precs = [prec + BigDecimal.double_fig]
+    precs << 2 + precs.last / 2 while precs.last > BigDecimal.double_fig
+    precs.reverse_each do |p|
+      y = y.add(x.div(y, p), p).div(2, p)
+    end
+    y._decimal_shift(ex).mult(1, prec)
+  end
+end
+
+# Core BigMath methods for BigDecimal (log, exp) are defined here.
+# Other methods (sin, cos, atan) are defined in 'bigdecimal/math.rb'.
+module BigMath
+
+  # call-seq:
+  #   BigMath.log(decimal, numeric)    -> BigDecimal
+  #
+  # Computes the natural logarithm of +decimal+ to the specified number of
+  # digits of precision, +numeric+.
+  #
+  # If +decimal+ is zero or negative, raises Math::DomainError.
+  #
+  # If +decimal+ is positive infinity, returns Infinity.
+  #
+  # If +decimal+ is NaN, returns NaN.
+  #
+  def self.log(x, prec)
+    prec = BigDecimal::Internal.coerce_validate_prec(prec, :log)
+    raise Math::DomainError, 'Complex argument for BigMath.log' if Complex === x
+
+    x = BigDecimal::Internal.coerce_to_bigdecimal(x, prec, :log)
+    return BigDecimal::Internal.nan_computation_result if x.nan?
+    raise Math::DomainError, 'Negative argument for log' if x < 0
+    return -BigDecimal::Internal.infinity_computation_result if x.zero?
+    return BigDecimal::Internal.infinity_computation_result if x.infinite?
+    return BigDecimal(0) if x == 1
+
+    prec2 = prec + BigDecimal.double_fig
+    BigDecimal.save_limit do
+      BigDecimal.limit(0)
+      if x > 10 || x < 0.1
+        log10 = log(BigDecimal(10), prec2)
+        exponent = x.exponent
+        x = x._decimal_shift(-exponent)
+        if x < 0.3
+          x *= 10
+          exponent -= 1
+        end
+        return (log10 * exponent).add(log(x, prec2), prec)
+      end
+
+      x_minus_one_exponent = (x - 1).exponent
+
+      # log(x) = log(sqrt(sqrt(sqrt(sqrt(x))))) * 2**sqrt_steps
+      sqrt_steps = [Integer.sqrt(prec2) + 3 * x_minus_one_exponent, 0].max
+
+      lg2 = 0.3010299956639812
+      sqrt_prec = prec2 + [-x_minus_one_exponent, 0].max + (sqrt_steps * lg2).ceil
+
+      sqrt_steps.times do
+        x = x.sqrt(sqrt_prec)
+      end
+
+      # Taylor series for log(x) around 1
+      # log(x) = -log((1 + X) / (1 - X)) where X = (x - 1) / (x + 1)
+      # log(x) = 2 * (X + X**3 / 3 + X**5 / 5 + X**7 / 7 + ...)
+      x = (x - 1).div(x + 1, sqrt_prec)
+      y = x
+      x2 = x.mult(x, prec2)
+      1.step do |i|
+        n = prec2 + x.exponent - y.exponent + x2.exponent
+        break if n <= 0 || x.zero?
+        x = x.mult(x2.round(n - x2.exponent), n)
+        y = y.add(x.div(2 * i + 1, n), prec2)
+      end
+
+      y.mult(2 ** (sqrt_steps + 1), prec)
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Taylor series for exp(x) around 0
+  private_class_method def self._exp_taylor(x, prec) # :nodoc:
+    xn = BigDecimal(1)
+    y = BigDecimal(1)
+    1.step do |i|
+      n = prec + xn.exponent
+      break if n <= 0 || xn.zero?
+      xn = xn.mult(x, n).div(i, n)
+      y = y.add(xn, prec)
+    end
+    y
+  end
+
+  # call-seq:
+  #   BigMath.exp(decimal, numeric)    -> BigDecimal
+  #
+  # Computes the value of e (the base of natural logarithms) raised to the
+  # power of +decimal+, to the specified number of digits of precision.
+  #
+  # If +decimal+ is infinity, returns Infinity.
+  #
+  # If +decimal+ is NaN, returns NaN.
+  #
+  def self.exp(x, prec)
+    prec = BigDecimal::Internal.coerce_validate_prec(prec, :exp)
+    x = BigDecimal::Internal.coerce_to_bigdecimal(x, prec, :exp)
+    return BigDecimal::Internal.nan_computation_result if x.nan?
+    return x.positive? ? BigDecimal::Internal.infinity_computation_result : BigDecimal(0) if x.infinite?
+    return BigDecimal(1) if x.zero?
+
+    # exp(x * 10**cnt) = exp(x)**(10**cnt)
+    cnt = x < -1 || x > 1 ? x.exponent : 0
+    prec2 = prec + BigDecimal.double_fig + cnt
+    x = x._decimal_shift(-cnt)
+
+    # Calculation of exp(small_prec) is fast because calculation of x**n is fast
+    # Calculation of exp(small_abs) converges fast.
+    # exp(x) = exp(small_prec_part + small_abs_part) = exp(small_prec_part) * exp(small_abs_part)
+    x_small_prec = x.round(Integer.sqrt(prec2))
+    y = _exp_taylor(x_small_prec, prec2).mult(_exp_taylor(x.sub(x_small_prec, prec2), prec2), prec2)
+
+    # calculate exp(x * 10**cnt) from exp(x)
+    # exp(x * 10**k) = exp(x * 10**(k - 1)) ** 10
+    cnt.times do
+      y2 = y.mult(y, prec2)
+      y5 = y2.mult(y2, prec2).mult(y, prec2)
+      y = y5.mult(y5, prec2)
+    end
+
+    y.mult(1, prec)
+  end
+end

metadata

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 --- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
 name: bigdecimal
 version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-  version: 3.2.1
+  version: 3.3.1
 platform: ruby
 authors:
 - Kenta Murata