bgp4r 0.0.3

data/bgp/message.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,894 @@
+#--
+# Copyright 2008, 2009 Jean-Michel Esnault.
+# All rights reserved.
+# See LICENSE.txt for permissions.
+#
+#
+# This file is part of BGP4R.
+# 
+# BGP4R is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+# 
+# BGP4R is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with BGP4R.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#++
+
+require 'bgp/path_attribute'
+require 'bgp/nlri'
+require 'timeout'
+
+class UnknownBGPCapability < RuntimeError
+end
+
+module BGP
+
+  module OPT_PARM
+
+    CAPABILITY = 2
+    
+    #TODO module CAP
+    #TODO module CAP::ORF
+    
+    CAP_MBGP = 1
+    CAP_ROUTE_REFRESH = 2
+    CAP_ORF = 3
+    CAP_AS4 = 65
+    CAP_ROUTE_REFRESH_CISCO = 128
+    CAP_ORF_CISCO = 130
+    
+    ORF_NLRI = 1
+    ORF_COMMUNITIES = 2
+    ORF_EXTENDED_COMMUNITIES = 3
+    ORF_PREFIX_LIST = 129    
+
+    ##########################################################
+    # BGP OPEN OPTION PARAMETERS                             #
+    ##########################################################
+
+    class Optional_parameter
+
+      def initialize(parm_type)
+        @parm_type=parm_type
+      end
+
+      def encode(value)
+        [@parm_type, value.size, value].pack('CCa*')
+      end
+
+      def parse(s)
+        @parm_type, len = s.slice!(0,2).unpack('CC')
+        s.slice!(0,len).is_packed
+      end
+
+      def self.factory(s)
+        parm_type, len = s.unpack('CC')
+        opt_parm = s.slice!(0,len+2).is_packed
+        case parm_type
+        when CAPABILITY
+          Capability.factory(opt_parm)
+        else
+          raise RuntimeError, "Optional parameter type '#{parm_type}' not implemented"
+        end
+      end
+
+    end
+  end
+
+
+  class Capability < OPT_PARM::Optional_parameter
+    include OPT_PARM
+    def initialize(code)
+      super(OPT_PARM::CAPABILITY)
+      @code=code
+    end
+    def encode(value='')
+      super([@code,value.size, value].pack('CCa*'))
+    end
+    def parse(_s)
+      s = super(_s)
+      @code, len = s.slice!(0,2).unpack('CC')
+      s.slice!(0,len).is_packed
+    end
+    def to_s
+      "Option Capabilities Advertisement (#{@parm_type}): [#{to_shex}]"
+    end
+    def self.factory(s)
+      code = s.slice(2,1).unpack('C')[0]
+      case code
+      when CAP_AS4
+        As4_cap.new(s)
+      when CAP_MBGP
+        Mbgp_cap.new(s)
+      when CAP_ROUTE_REFRESH, CAP_ROUTE_REFRESH_CISCO
+        Route_refresh_cap.new(code)
+      when CAP_ORF,CAP_ORF_CISCO
+        Orf_cap.new(s)
+      else
+        raise UnknownBGPCapability, "Capability (#{code}), length: #{s.size} not implemented: [#{s.unpack('H*')[0]}]" 
+      end
+    end
+    def to_hash(h={})
+      if h.empty?
+        {:code=> @code}
+      else
+        {:code=> @code, :capability=> h}
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  class Mbgp_cap < Capability
+
+    def self.ipv4_unicast
+      Mbgp_cap.new(1,1)
+    end
+    
+    def self.ipv4_multicast
+      Mbgp_cap.new(1,2)      
+    end
+    
+    def self.ipv6_unicast
+      Mbgp_cap.new(2,2)      
+    end
+    
+    def self.ipv6_multicast
+      Mbgp_cap.new(2,2)      
+    end
+
+    def initialize(afi,safi=nil)
+      if safi.nil? and afi.is_a?(String) and afi.is_packed?
+        parse(afi)
+      else
+        super(OPT_PARM::CAP_MBGP)
+        self.safi, self.afi = safi, afi
+      end
+    end
+    
+    def afi=(val)
+      @afi = if val.is_a?(Fixnum)
+        val
+      elsif val == :ipv4
+        1
+      elsif val == :ipv6
+        2
+      end
+    end
+    
+    def safi=(val)
+      @safi = if val.is_a?(Fixnum)
+        val
+      elsif val == :unicast
+        1
+      elsif val == :multicast
+        2
+      end
+    end
+
+    def encode
+      super([@afi,0,@safi].pack('nCC'))
+    end
+
+    def parse(s)
+      @afi, ignore, @safi = super(s).unpack('nCC')
+    end
+
+    def to_s
+      super + "\n    Multiprotocol Extensions (#{CAP_MBGP}), length: 4" +
+      "\n      AFI #{IANA.afi(@afi)} (#{@afi}), SAFI #{IANA.safi(@safi)} (#{@safi})"
+    end
+
+    def to_hash
+      super({:afi => @afi, :safi => @safi, })
+    end
+  end
+
+  class As4_cap < Capability
+    def initialize(s)
+      if s.is_a?(String) and s.is_packed?
+        parse(s)
+      else
+        super(OPT_PARM::CAP_AS4)
+        @as=s
+      end
+    end
+    
+    def encode
+      super([@as].pack('N'))
+    end
+
+    def parse(s)
+      @as = super(s).unpack('N')[0]
+    end
+
+    def to_s
+      "Capability(#{CAP_AS4}): 4-octet AS number: " + @as.to_s
+    end
+
+    def to_hash
+      super({:as => @as})
+    end
+  end
+
+  class Route_refresh_cap < Capability 
+    def initialize(code=OPT_PARM::CAP_ROUTE_REFRESH)
+      super(code)
+    end
+
+    def encode
+      super()
+    end
+
+    def to_s
+      super + "\n    Route Refresh #{@code==128 ? "(Cisco) " : ""}(#{@code}), length: 2"
+    end
+
+    def to_hash
+      super()
+    end
+  end
+
+  class Orf_cap < Capability
+
+    class Entry
+      
+      def initialize(*args)
+        if args.size==1 and args[0].is_a?(String) and args[0].is_packed?
+          parse(args[0])
+        elsif args[0].is_a?(Hash) 
+        else
+          @afi, @safi, *@types = *args
+        end
+      end
+      
+      def encode
+        [@afi, 0, @safi, @types.size,@types.collect { |e| e.pack('CC')}.join].pack('nCCCa*')
+      end
+      
+      def parse(s)
+        @afi, __, @safi, n = s.slice!(0,5).unpack('nCCC')
+        @types=[]
+        types = s.slice!(0, 2*n)
+        while types.size>0
+          @types<< types. slice!(0,2).unpack('CC')
+        end
+      end
+      
+      def to_s
+        "AFI #{IANA.afi(@afi)} (#{@afi}), SAFI #{IANA.safi(@safi)} (#{@safi}): #{@types.inspect}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    def initialize(*args)
+      @entries=[]
+      if args.size==1 and args[0].is_a?(String) and args[0].is_packed?
+        parse(args[0])
+      else
+        super(OPT_PARM::CAP_ORF)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def add(entry)
+      @entries << entry
+    end
+
+    def encode
+      super(@entries.collect { |e| e.encode }.join)
+    end
+
+    def parse(s)
+      entries = super(s)
+      while entries.size>0
+        @entries << Entry.new(entries)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def to_s
+      super + "\n    Outbound Route Filtering (#{@code}), length: #{encode.size}" +
+      (['']+@entries.collect { |e| e.to_s }).join("\n      ")
+    end
+
+  end
+
+   # http://www.iana.org/assignments/bgp-parameters/bgp-parameters.xhtml#bgp-parameters-1
+  module MESSAGE
+
+    OPEN          = 1
+    UPDATE        = 2
+    NOTIFICATION  = 3
+    KEEPALIVE     = 4
+    ROUTE_REFRESH = 5
+
+    def encode(message='')
+      len = message.size+19
+      [[255]*16,len,@msg_type,message].flatten.pack('C16nCa*')
+    end
+
+    def parse(s)
+      len, @msg_type, message = s[16..-1].unpack('nCa*')
+      message.is_packed
+    end
+
+  end
+
+  class Message
+    include MESSAGE
+    def self.factory(_s, as4byte=false)
+      s = [_s].pack('a*')
+      s.slice(18,1).unpack('C')[0]
+      case s.slice(18,1).unpack('C')[0]
+      when OPEN
+        Open.new(s)
+      when UPDATE
+        Update.new(s, as4byte)
+      when KEEPALIVE
+        Keepalive.new
+      when NOTIFICATION
+        Notification.new(s)
+      when ROUTE_REFRESH
+        if s.size > 23  
+          Orf_route_refresh.new(s)
+        else
+          Route_refresh.new(s)
+        end
+      else
+        puts "don't know what kind of bgp messgage this is #{s.slice(18,1).unpack('C')}"
+      end
+    end
+    def self.keepalive
+      Keepalive.new.encode
+    end
+    def self.route_refresh(afi,safi)
+      Route_refresh.new(afi,safi).encode
+    end    
+  end
+
+  # KEEPALIVE Message Format
+  # 
+  #    BGP does not use any TCP-based, keep-alive mechanism to determine if
+  #    peers are reachable.  Instead, KEEPALIVE messages are exchanged
+  #    between peers often enough not to cause the Hold Timer to expire.  A
+  #    reasonable maximum time between KEEPALIVE messages would be one third
+  #    of the Hold Time interval.  KEEPALIVE messages MUST NOT be sent more
+  #    frequently than one per second.  An implementation MAY adjust the
+  #    rate at which it sends KEEPALIVE messages as a function of the Hold
+  #    Time interval.
+  # 
+  #    If the negotiated Hold Time interval is zero, then periodic KEEPALIVE
+  #    messages MUST NOT be sent.
+  # 
+  #    A KEEPALIVE message consists of only the message header and has a
+  #    length of 19 octets.
+  #
+  
+  class Keepalive < Message
+    def initialize
+      @msg_type=KEEPALIVE
+    end
+
+    def to_s
+      "Keepalive Message (#{MESSAGE::KEEPALIVE}), length: 19" + ", [#{self.to_shex[32..-1]}]"
+    end
+  end
+
+  # UPDATE Message Format
+  #  
+  #     UPDATE messages are used to transfer routing information between BGP
+  #     peers.  The information in the UPDATE message can be used to
+  #     construct a graph that describes the relationships of the various
+  #     Autonomous Systems.  By applying rules to be discussed, routing
+  #  
+  #  
+  #  
+  #  Rekhter, et al.             Standards Track                    [Page 14]
+  #  
+  #  RFC 4271                         BGP-4                      January 2006
+  #  
+  #  
+  #     information loops and some other anomalies may be detected and
+  #     removed from inter-AS routing.
+  #  
+  #     An UPDATE message is used to advertise feasible routes that share
+  #     common path Copyright 2008, 2009 to a peer, or to withdraw multiple unfeasible
+  #     routes from service (see 3.1).  An UPDATE message MAY simultaneously
+  #     advertise a feasible route and withdraw multiple unfeasible routes
+  #     from service.  The UPDATE message always includes the fixed-size BGP
+  #     header, and also includes the other fields, as shown below (note,
+  #     some of the shown fields may not be present in every UPDATE message):
+  #  
+  #        +-----------------------------------------------------+
+  #        |   Withdrawn Routes Length (2 octets)                |
+  #        +-----------------------------------------------------+
+  #        |   Withdrawn Routes (variable)                       |
+  #        +-----------------------------------------------------+
+  #        |   Total Path Attribute Length (2 octets)            |
+  #        +-----------------------------------------------------+
+  #        |   Path Attributes (variable)                        |
+  #        +-----------------------------------------------------+
+  #        |   Network Layer Reachability Information (variable) |
+  #        +-----------------------------------------------------+
+  #  
+
+
+  class Update < Message
+    def initialize(*args)
+      if args[0].is_a?(String) and args[0].is_packed?
+        parse(*args)
+      elsif args[0].is_a?(self.class)
+        parse(args[0].encode, *args[1..-1])
+      else
+        @msg_type=UPDATE
+        set(*args)
+      end
+    end
+    
+    def set(*args)
+      args.each { |arg|
+        if arg.is_a?(Withdrawn)
+          self.withdrawn=arg
+        elsif arg.is_a?(Path_attribute)
+          self.path_attribute = arg
+        elsif arg.is_a?(Nlri)
+          self.nlri = arg
+        end
+      }
+    end
+    
+    def withdrawn=(val)
+      @withdrawn=val if val.is_a?(Withdrawn)
+    end
+    
+    def nlri=(val)
+      @nlri=val if val.is_a?(Nlri)
+    end
+    
+    def path_attribute=(val)
+      @path_attribute=val if val.is_a?(Path_attribute)
+    end
+    
+    def encode(as4byte=false)
+      withdrawn, path_attribute, nlri = '', '', ''
+      withdrawn = @withdrawn.encode(false) if defined? @withdrawn and @withdrawn
+      path_attribute = @path_attribute.encode(as4byte) if defined?(@path_attribute) and @path_attribute
+      nlri = @nlri.encode if defined? @nlri and @nlri
+      super([withdrawn.size, withdrawn, path_attribute.size, path_attribute, nlri].pack('na*na*a*'))
+    end
+    
+    def encode4
+      encode(true)
+    end
+    
+    attr_reader :path_attribute, :nlri, :withdrawn
+    
+    def parse(s, as4byte=false)
+      update = super(s)
+      len = update.slice!(0,2).unpack('n')[0]
+      self.withdrawn=Withdrawn.new(update.slice!(0,len).is_packed) if len>0
+      len = update.slice!(0,2).unpack('n')[0]
+      enc_path_attribute = update.slice!(0,len).is_packed
+      self.path_attribute=Path_attribute.new(enc_path_attribute, as4byte) if len>0
+      self.nlri = Nlri.new(update) if update.size>0
+    end
+    
+    def <<(val)
+      #TODO add attr or nlri
+    end
+
+    def to_s(as4byte=false, fmt=:tcpdump)
+      if as4byte
+        msg = self.encode(true)
+      else
+        msg = self.encode
+      end
+      s = []
+      s << @withdrawn.to_s if defined?(@withdrawn) and @withdrawn
+      s << @path_attribute.to_s(fmt, as4byte) if defined?(@path_attribute) and @path_attribute
+      s << @nlri.to_s if defined?(@nlri) and @nlri
+      "Update Message (#{MESSAGE::UPDATE}), #{as4byte ? "4 bytes AS, " : ''}length: #{msg.size}\n  " + s.join("\n") + "\n" + msg.hexlify.join("\n") + "\n"
+    end
+    
+    def self.withdrawn(u)
+      if u.nlri and u.nlri.size>0
+        Update.new(Withdrawn.new(*(u.nlri.nlris.collect { |n| n.to_s})))
+      elsif u.path_attribute.has?(Mp_reach)
+        pa = Path_attribute.new
+        pa << u.path_attribute[ATTR::MP_REACH].new_unreach
+        Update.new(pa)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+
+  # OPEN Message Format
+  # 
+  #    After a TCP connection is established, the first message sent by each
+  #    side is an OPEN message.  If the OPEN message is acceptable, a
+  #    KEEPALIVE message confirming the OPEN is sent back.
+  # 
+  #    In addition to the fixed-size BGP header, the OPEN message contains
+  #    the following fields:
+  # 
+  #        0                   1                   2                   3
+  #        0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+  #        +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+  #        |    Version    |
+  #        +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+  #        |     My Autonomous System      |
+  #        +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+  #        |           Hold Time           |
+  #        +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+  #        |                         BGP Identifier                        |
+  #        +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+  #        | Opt Parm Len  |
+  #        +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+  #        |                                                               |
+  #        |             Optional Parameters (variable)                    |
+  #        |                                                               |
+  #        +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+  # 
+  # 
+
+  class Open < Message
+
+    include OPT_PARM
+    
+    attr_reader :version, :local_as, :holdtime, :opt_parms
+
+    def initialize(*args)
+      if args.size==1 and args[0].is_a?(String) and args[0].is_packed?
+        @opt_parms=[] # FIMXE: should not have ot init here
+        parse(args[0])
+      elsif args[0].is_a?(self.class)
+        parse(args[0].encode, *args[1..-1])
+      else
+        @msg_type=OPEN
+        @version, @local_as, @holdtime, bgp_id, *@opt_parms=args
+        @bgp_id = IPAddr.new(bgp_id)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def <<(arg)
+      raise ArgumentError, "arg is not an Optional_parameter" unless arg.is_a?(Optional_parameter)
+      @opt_parms << arg
+    end
+
+    def encode
+      opt_parms = @opt_parms.flatten.compact.collect { |cap| cap.encode }.join
+      super([@version, @local_as, @holdtime, @bgp_id.hton, opt_parms.size, opt_parms].pack('Cnna4Ca*'))
+    end
+
+    def parse(s)
+      @version, @local_as, @holdtime, bgp_id, opt_parm_len, opt_parms = super(s).unpack('Cnna4Ca*')
+      while opt_parms.size>0
+        begin
+          @opt_parms << Optional_parameter.factory(opt_parms)
+        rescue UnknownBGPCapability => e
+          puts "#{e}"
+        end
+      end
+      @bgp_id = IPAddr.new_ntoh(bgp_id)
+    end
+    
+    def bgp_id
+      @bgp_id.to_s
+    end
+    
+    def to_s
+      msg = self.encode
+      "Open Message (#{MESSAGE::OPEN}), length: #{msg.size}\n" +
+      "  Version #{@version}, my AS #{@local_as}, Holdtime #{@holdtime}s, ID #{@bgp_id}" + 
+      ([""] + @opt_parms.compact.collect { |cap| cap.to_s } + [""]).join("\n  ") +
+      msg.hexlify.join("\n") + "\n"
+    end
+    
+    def find(klass)
+      @opt_parms.find { |a| a.is_a?(klass) }
+    end
+    
+    def has?(klass)
+       @opt_parms.find { |a| a.is_a?(klass) }.nil? ? false : true
+    end
+    
+    def to_hash
+      h = {:version => @version, :my_as => @local_as, :holdtime => @holdtime, :bgp_id => bgp_id }
+      unless @opt_parms.empty?
+        h[:capabilities] =  @opt_parms.collect { |opt| opt.to_hash }
+      end
+      h
+    end
+  end
+
+  #  Route-REFRESH Message
+  #  
+  #     The ROUTE-REFRESH message is a new BGP message type defined as
+  #     follows:
+  #  
+  #            Type: 5 - ROUTE-REFRESH
+  #  
+  #            Message Format: One <AFI, SAFI> encoded as
+  #  
+  #                    0       7      15      23      31
+  #                    +-------+-------+-------+-------+
+  #                    |      AFI      | Res.  | SAFI  |
+  #                    +-------+-------+-------+-------+
+  #  
+  
+  class Route_refresh < Message
+    attr_reader :afi, :safi
+    def initialize(*args)
+      @msg_type=ROUTE_REFRESH
+      if args.size==1  and args[0].is_a?(String) and args[0].is_packed?
+        parse(args[0])
+      elsif args[0].is_a?(self.class)
+        parse(args[0].encode, *args[1..-1])
+      elsif args.size==1 and args[0].is_a?(Hash)
+        self.afi = args[0][:afi] if args[0][:afi]
+        self.safi = args[0][:safi] if args[0][:safi]
+      else
+        @afi, @safi=args
+      end
+    end
+    
+    def afi=(val)
+      raise ArgumentError, "invalid argument" unless val.is_a?(Fixnum) and (0..0xffff) === val
+      @afi=val
+    end
+    
+    def safi=(val)
+      raise ArgumentError, "invalid argument" unless val.is_a?(Fixnum) and (0..0xff) === val
+      @safi=val
+    end
+    
+    def encode
+      # default to ipv4 and unicast when not set
+      @afi ||=1
+      @safi ||=1
+      super([@afi, 0, @safi].pack('nCC'))
+    end
+    
+    def parse(s)
+      @afi, reserved, @safi= super(s).unpack('nCC')
+    end
+    
+    def to_hash
+      {:afi=> @afi, :safi=> @safi}
+    end
+    
+    def to_s
+      msg = self.encode
+      "Route Refresh (#{MESSAGE::ROUTE_REFRESH}), length: #{msg.size}\n" +   "AFI #{IANA.afi(@afi)} (#{@afi}), SAFI #{IANA.safi(@safi)} (#{@safi})"
+    end
+  end
+  
+  #
+  #  Carrying ORF Entries in BGP
+  #  
+  #     ORF entries are carried in the BGP ROUTE-REFRESH message [BGP-RR].
+  #  
+  #     A BGP speaker can distinguish an incoming ROUTE-REFRESH message that
+  #     carries one or more ORF entries from an incoming plain ROUTE-REFRESH
+  #     message by using the Message Length field in the BGP message header.
+  #
+
+  class Orf
+    def self.factory(s)
+      type, len = s.unpack('Cn')
+      case type
+      when ORF::PREFIX 
+        Prefix_orf.new(s.slice!(0,len+3).is_packed)
+      else
+        raise RuntimeError, "orf type #{type} not implemented"
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  #FIXME: Unit-test
+  class Orf_route_refresh < Message
+    
+    attr_accessor :orfs
+    
+    def initialize(*args)
+      @msg_type=ROUTE_REFRESH
+      @orfs=[]
+      if args.size==1  and args[0].is_a?(String) and args[0].is_packed?
+        parse(args[0])
+      elsif args[0].is_a?(self.class)
+        parse(args[0].encode, *args[1..-1])
+      elsif args.size==1 and args[0].is_a?(Hash)
+        self.afi = args[0][:afi] if args[0][:afi]
+        self.safi = args[0][:safi] if args[0][:safi]
+      else
+        @afi, @safi=args
+      end
+    end
+    
+    def afi_to_i
+      @afi
+    end
+    
+    def safi_to_i
+      @safi
+    end
+    
+    def afi
+      IANA.afi(@afi)
+    end
+    
+    def safi
+       IANA.safi(@safi)
+    end
+    
+    def afi=(val)
+      raise ArgumentError, "invalid argument" unless val.is_a?(Fixnum) and (0..0xffff) === val
+      @afi=val
+    end
+    
+    def safi=(val)
+      raise ArgumentError, "invalid argument" unless val.is_a?(Fixnum) and (0..0xff) === val
+      @safi=val
+    end
+    
+    def when_to_s
+      case @when
+      when 1 ; 'defer (1)'
+      when 2 ; 'immediate (2)'
+      else
+        "bogus (#{@when})"
+      end
+    end
+    
+    def encode
+      super([@afi, 0, @safi, @orfs.collect { |o| o.encode }.join].pack('nCCa*'))
+    end
+    
+    def parse(s)
+      @afi, reserved, @safi, orfs= super(s).unpack('nCCa*')
+      while orfs.size>0
+        #puts "orfs before factory: #{orfs.unpack('H*')}"
+        @orfs << Orf.factory(orfs.is_packed)
+        #puts "orfs after factory: #{orfs.unpack('H*')}"
+      end
+    end
+    
+    def to_hash
+      {:afi=> @afi, :safi=> @safi}
+    end
+    
+    def to_s
+      msg = self.encode
+      "ORF Route Refresh (#{MESSAGE::ROUTE_REFRESH}), length: #{msg.size}\n" +   
+      "AFI #{IANA.afi(@afi)} (#{@afi}), SAFI #{IANA.safi(@safi)} (#{@safi}):\n" +
+      @orfs.collect { |orf| orf.to_s}.join("\n")
+    end
+    
+    def add(*args)
+      @orfs ||=[]
+      args.each {  |arg| @orfs << arg if arg.is_a?(Orf) }
+    end
+    alias << add
+    
+    def communities
+      @communities.collect { |comm| comm.to_s }.join(' ')
+    end
+    
+  end
+
+  # NOTIFICATION Message Format
+  #  
+  #     A NOTIFICATION message is sent when an error condition is detected.
+  #     The BGP connection is closed immediately after it is sent.
+  #  
+  #  
+  #  
+  #  
+  #  Rekhter, et al.             Standards Track                    [Page 21]
+  #  
+  #  RFC 4271                         BGP-4                      January 2006
+  #  
+  #  
+  #     In addition to the fixed-size BGP header, the NOTIFICATION message
+  #     contains the following fields:
+  #  
+  #        0                   1                   2                   3
+  #        0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+  #        +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+  #        | Error code    | Error subcode |   Data (variable)             |
+  #        +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+  #
+
+
+  class Notification < Message
+
+    def self.code_to_s(*args)
+      @code_to_s[args]
+    end
+
+    @code_to_s=Hash.new("Undefined")
+    @code_to_s[[1]]    = "Header Error"
+    @code_to_s[[2]]    = "OPEN msg error"
+    @code_to_s[[3]]    = "UPDATE msg error"
+    @code_to_s[[4]]    = "Hold Timer Expired"
+    @code_to_s[[5]]    = "Finite State Machine Error"
+    @code_to_s[[6]]    = "Cease"
+    @code_to_s[[1,1]]  = "Connection Not Synchronized"
+    @code_to_s[[1,2]]  = "Bad Message Length"
+    @code_to_s[[1,3]]  = "Bad Message Type"    
+    @code_to_s[[2,1]]  = "Unsupported Version Number"
+    @code_to_s[[2,2]]  = "Bad Peer AS"                    
+    @code_to_s[[2,3]]  = "Bad BGP Identifier"             
+    @code_to_s[[2,4]]  = "Unsupported Optional Parameter" 
+    @code_to_s[[2,5]]  = "[Deprecated]"                   
+    @code_to_s[[2,6]]  = "Unacceptable Hold Time"         
+    @code_to_s[[2,7]]  = "Unsupported Optional Parameter"
+    @code_to_s[[3,1]]  = "Malformed Attribute List"
+    @code_to_s[[3,2]]  = "Unrecognized Well-known Attribute"  
+    @code_to_s[[3,3]]  = "Missing Well-known Attribute"       
+    @code_to_s[[3,4]]  = "Attribute Flags Error"              
+    @code_to_s[[3,5]]  = "Attribute Length Error"             
+    @code_to_s[[3,6]]  = "Invalid ORIGIN Attribute"           
+    @code_to_s[[3,7]]  = "Deprecated"                       
+    @code_to_s[[3,8]]  = "Invalid NEXT_HOP Attribute"         
+    @code_to_s[[3,9]]  = "Optional Attribute Error"           
+    @code_to_s[[3,10]] = "Invalid Network Field"             
+    @code_to_s[[3,11]] = "Malformed AS_PATH"
+    @code_to_s[[6,1]]  = "Maximum Number of Prefixes Reached"
+    @code_to_s[[6,2]]  = "Administrative Shutdown"
+    @code_to_s[[6,3]]  = "Peer De-configured"
+    @code_to_s[[6,4]]  = "Administrative Reset"
+    @code_to_s[[6,5]]  = "Connection Rejected"
+    @code_to_s[[6,6]]  = "Other Configuration Change"
+    @code_to_s[[6,7]]  = "Connection Collision Resolution"
+    @code_to_s[[6,8]]  = "Out of Resources"
+        
+    def initialize(*args)
+      @msg_type=NOTIFICATION
+      if args.size==1  and args[0].is_a?(String) and args[0].is_packed?
+        parse(args[0])
+      elsif args[0].is_a?(self.class)
+        parse(args[0].encode, *args[1..-1])
+      elsif args.size==1  and args[0].is_a?(Notification) and args[0].respond_to?(:encode)
+          parse(args[0].encode)
+      else
+        @code, @subcode, @data=args
+      end
+    end
+
+    def encode
+      # default to ipv4 and unicast when not set
+      super([@code,@subcode, @data].pack('CCa*'))
+    end
+
+    def parse(s)
+      @code, @subcode, @data= super(s).unpack('CCa*')
+    end
+
+    def to_hash
+      {:code=> @code, :subcode=> @subcode, :data=>@data}
+    end
+
+    def to_s
+      msg = self.encode
+      s = "Notification (#{MESSAGE::NOTIFICATION}), length: #{msg.size}: "
+      s += "#{Notification.code_to_s(@code)} (#{@code}), #{Notification.code_to_s(@code, @subcode)} (#{@subcode}) " 
+      s += "\ndata: [#{@data}]" if @data.size>0
+      s
+    end
+
+  end
+
+ #  s = 'ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff0050020000002f40010101400304c0a80105800404000000644005040000006440020402010064c0080c051f00010137003b0af50040200a0a0a0a2020202020'
+ #  m = Message.factory([s].pack('H*'))
+ #  puts m.to_s(true, :tcpdump)
+ #  puts m.to_s(true, :default)
+ #  puts m.to_s(false, :default)
+
+end
+
+load "../test/#{ File.basename($0.gsub(/.rb/,'_test.rb'))}" if __FILE__ == $0
+
+