badline 0.15.1 → 0.16.0

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data/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,44 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## [0.16.0](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/compare/v0.15.1...v0.16.0) (2026-10-17)
+
+
+### Features
+
+* add the 6520 PIA ([329bf8c](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/329bf8c04a6f8cc666ea1dfded4ec1a8431e07cc))
+* add the PET's IEEE trap layouts and keyboard buffer layouts ([f628ba2](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/f628ba26c661d1c539c28506e48a95504afd7fd3))
+* answer the debug register at $8BFF on every PET ([76f47ab](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/76f47ab67f834eb89451fb95134fae2abcadde36))
+* attach programs, disks and archives to the PET, .d80 and .d82 among them ([2094ee5](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/2094ee53ec3e94a1a7571d38b598212476cf738b))
+* boot the PET to READY headless ([b86044a](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/b86044a149cde620b41eac3c5a77db252e68c10c))
+* bundle the PET ROMs and refuse badline pet until it runs ([76591ff](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/76591ffc72c615f0c78649e4b29f0dc8e4a3775f))
+* count the PET's CRTC to the cycle and paint its picture ([59a010f](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/59a010fc1e5250f543c796ab0de464241b28dcae))
+* fit the 8032's other 50 Hz editor, 901474-04 dated 0283, with --editor 4-80-b-50hz-0283 ([b7b230f](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/b7b230f4032ba7145358cb60f1be1e370997c0e0))
+* let any machine's timing share a window pixel between its dots ([55f04e8](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/55f04e86871423f1b0121a4570763f501cb08db1))
+* paint the PET's discrete 40-column video ([2d4f5e6](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/2d4f5e6caac7c2a3d4e3abe5e8ef37185962dbc9))
+* play and record tapes on the PET's two cassette ports ([aea1a9d](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/aea1a9de8008ceb576e006520234fa7dc6b4a5e3))
+* play the PET's VIA CB2 as its sound ([cd24520](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/cd24520a8e87bce7938cae12d153e332f9be1f99))
+* read and write 8050 and 8250 disk images ([2196736](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/2196736d0e9c84146ce259e322c991a14e1fe69d))
+* run the PET and the CBM in the window with badline pet ([0ee8585](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/0ee8585ef6a2d789dbbbbf06af3a54a9f33fbbff))
+* save and restore the PET in keyed snapshots ([1dcbb75](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/1dcbb75785ce70ca6de7b6596970ce06a2275a30))
+* serve device 8 to the PET through traps on its IEEE-488 primitives ([7f72c7d](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/7f72c7d3d58e5520f32c62120a4ce0270f02893a))
+* show the PET in the window, with its keys, memory and model in the pause menu ([7e90498](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/7e9049864015e511c3db8455b2d5d6749ffc6ea3))
+* type on the PET's graphics and business keyboards by character from the window ([0797790](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/079779011880ffca5ecc7c67e6bcef9620147ca5))
+* type the PET's shifted keys with Alt, and name its pause-menu page KEYBOARD ([22b3059](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/22b305966dd44bdd813af71c3bb5e0a4e2202761))
+* wire the PET's key matrices and type into its keyboard buffer ([1f22475](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/1f22475b581ac95776a86c1dd27f2671afcfb90c))
+* write PET tapes and read a tape's platform from its header ([29ccd99](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/29ccd99629bb98c311842628be39c298aab12eb9))
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* keep the VIC-20's cartridge name in the machine and its snapshots ([4837ab1](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/4837ab10049309f39d1b5d3b2170e55ab9d21c76))
+* move a 1551's TCBM interface with its DEV line ([f934bcf](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/f934bcf6cd2058a4528521fb1e14f75b7d15021c))
+* record the Plus/4's true drive model in its snapshots ([9c8ddb1](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/9c8ddb1b355145382df4a2813a3e55769839f0c9))
+
+
+### Performance Improvements
+
+* sweep only the lines the last PET CRTC frame showed ([026b26a](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/026b26afc97ed72f32b2e6517a8df18de5d863d1))
+
 ## [0.15.1](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/compare/v0.15.0...v0.15.1) (2026-10-12)
 
 

data/CLAUDE.md

@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ directory: `chips/vic.rb` is `Badline::Chips::VIC`.
   the VIC holds BA low). `c64/` holds the rest of the C64's board:
   `c64/bus.rb` handles banking and page-table dispatch, and
   `c64/banked_ram.rb` and `c64/banked_ram/` the +60K and +256K boards
-  that bank in extra RAM through `$D100`. `vic20.rb` and `vic20/`, and
-  `c128.rb` and `c128/`, are the other two families, and `machine.rb`
+  that bank in extra RAM through `$D100`. `vic20.rb` and `vic20/`, `c128.rb` and `c128/`,
+  `plus4.rb` and `plus4/`, and `pet.rb` and `pet/` are the other families, and `machine.rb`
   builds each by name. Every family reads and writes memory as its CPU
   sees it with `peek` and `poke`
 - **CPU**: `chips/cpu.rb` and `chips/cpu/`: the 6502 core
@@ -25,10 +25,11 @@ directory: `chips/vic.rb` is `Badline::Chips::VIC`.
   C128's Z80
 - **VIC-II**: `chips/vic.rb` and `chips/vic/`, covering the sequencer,
   sprites, graphics modes, border and register timing. `chips/vic_i.rb`
-  is the VIC-20's VIC-I and its sound, and `chips/vdc.rb` the C128's VDC
+  is the VIC-20's VIC-I and its sound, `chips/vdc.rb` the C128's VDC,
+  and `chips/crtc.rb` the PET's 6545 CRTC
 - **CIA**: `chips/cia.rb` and `chips/cia/` (timers, serial and the TOD
-  clock, `time_of_day.rb`). `chips/via.rb` is the 6522 of the VIC-20 and
-  the drives
+  clock, `time_of_day.rb`). `chips/via.rb` is the 6522 of the VIC-20, the
+  drives and the PET, and `chips/pia.rb` the PET's 6520 PIA
 - **REU**: `c64/reu.rb` and `c64/reu/`, the RAM Expansion Unit's
   registers and its DMA, which `C64#cycle!` clocks in place of the CPU
   while it holds the bus
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ file: `core.rb` requires their members one by one.
 | SingleStepTests 65x02 | `rake test` (100 sampled cases per opcode) | CPU, per-cycle bus traces |
 | SingleStepTests z80 | `rake test` (the first 100 cases per opcode, `Z80_SAMPLE=all` for all 1,604,000) | `Z80`: registers, flags, ports and the bus pins on every T-state |
 | Wolfgang Lorenz suite | `bin/lorenz` | CPU, CIA, interrupts; its plus4 build with `--plus4`: the CPU on the 264's bus, the TED's clock, DMA, timers and interrupt |
-| VICE testbench | `bin/testbench <subtree>` | `VICII/`, `CIA/`, `interrupts/`, `CPU/`, cartridges with `--carts`, the true 1541 drive with `--drive`, the VIC-20 with `--vic20`, the C128 in C64 mode with `--c128c64`, in C128 mode with `--c128`, and its Z80 with `--c128-z80`, the Plus/4 with `--plus4` and the C16 with `--c16` |
+| VICE testbench | `bin/testbench <subtree>` | `VICII/`, `CIA/`, `interrupts/`, `CPU/`, cartridges with `--carts`, the true 1541 drive with `--drive`, the VIC-20 with `--vic20`, the C128 in C64 mode with `--c128c64`, in C128 mode with `--c128`, and its Z80 with `--c128-z80`, the Plus/4 with `--plus4`, the C16 with `--c16`, and the PET with `--pet` (8096) and `--pet-discrete` (2001, 3032) |
 | VICE SID testprogs | `bin/sidtests` | SID |
 | Drive scenarios | `bin/drive_scenarios` | The true 1541 running the DOS ROM: save, format, the error channel, idle, write protect and autostart; the `plus4-*` rows on the Plus/4 and C16, with the 1541 and 1581 on their serial bus and a tape saved and loaded back on the datasette |
 | CIA offline grids | `bundle exec rspec --tag slow spec/badline/chips/cia` | CIA timers and shift register, against a bare CIA in about 2 min |
@@ -274,7 +275,7 @@ serial bus, its media, the CPU port or the datasette.
 Its tests run one at a time as the C64's do, with
 `ruby --yjit bin/lorenz --plus4 --resume <test> --stop-after <test>`; the C128 (`c128.rb`, `c128/`), or
 the VIC-IIe, CPU or PLA code it shares with the C64 → `testbench-c128c64`
-(`bin/testbench --c128c64`); the C128's Z80, MMU or hand-over → `testbench-c128-z80` (`bin/testbench --c128-z80`) and `testbench-c128`; SID → `sid`, plus `sid-8580` for anything the 8580
+(`bin/testbench --c128c64`); the PET (`pet.rb`, `pet/`), its 6520 PIA (`chips/pia.rb`) or its CRTC (`chips/crtc.rb`) → `testbench-pet` (`bin/testbench --pet`) and `testbench-pet-discrete` (`bin/testbench --pet-discrete`); the C128's Z80, MMU or hand-over → `testbench-c128-z80` (`bin/testbench --c128-z80`) and `testbench-c128`; SID → `sid`, plus `sid-8580` for anything the 8580
 model reaches (`bin/sidtests --sid 8580`). Leave the Lorenz chain to CI,
 unless your code has a rule in `doc/pinned-behaviour.md` that names Lorenz
 tests: the interrupt polling, CPU port and CIA timer rules. Run just the

data/README.md

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ are modelled at the cycle level.
 It runs programs, disk and tape images, cartridges and SID tunes, and
 the SDL2 front end supports the keyboard, joysticks, game controllers,
 paddles and a 1351 mouse. It also runs a PAL VIC-20, as
-`badline vic20`, the C128, in C128 mode on 40 or 80 columns and in C64 mode, as `badline c128`, and the Plus/4, the C16 and the C116, as `badline plus4`. See [What's emulated](#whats-emulated) for the details.
+`badline vic20`, the C128, in C128 mode on 40 or 80 columns and in C64 mode, as `badline c128`, the Plus/4, the C16 and the C116, as `badline plus4`, and the PET and CBM, as `badline pet`. See [What's emulated](#whats-emulated) for the details.
 
 It comes in two builds of the same emulator:
 
@@ -70,7 +70,8 @@ from it.
 The first argument can name the machine, as in `badline c64 game.prg`.
 The C64 is the default, and `--model` picks which C64. See
 [The VIC-20](#the-vic-20) for `badline vic20`, [The C128](#the-c128)
-for `badline c128` and [The Plus/4](#the-plus4) for `badline plus4`.
+for `badline c128`, [The Plus/4](#the-plus4) for `badline plus4` and
+[The PET](#the-pet) for `badline pet`.
 
 `badline-ruby` takes the same media and the same options, with the
 differences noted in the table. `--help` lists the options for either.
@@ -85,13 +86,15 @@ differences noted in the table. `--help` lists the options for either.
 | `--drive-type 1541` | On the Plus/4, make the true drive on device 8 an emulated 1541 on the serial bus in place of the 1551. It implies `--true-drive`. See [The Plus/4](#the-plus4) |
 | `-s`, `--subtune N` | Pick a subtune of a `.sid` file, counting from 1 |
 | `--sid 6581`, `--sid 8580` | Fit the older or newer SID. `--sid auto`, the default, takes a `.sid` tune's own |
-| `--ram SIZE` | Give a VIC-20 the RAM expansion `SIZE`: `unexpanded`, `3k`, `8k`, `16k`, `24k`, `32k` or `all`. Without it, the VIC-20 gets the expansion its media needs. See [The VIC-20](#the-vic-20). On the Plus/4, `16k`, `32k` or `64k` of RAM in place of the model's own |
+| `--ram SIZE` | Give a VIC-20 the RAM expansion `SIZE`: `unexpanded`, `3k`, `8k`, `16k`, `24k`, `32k` or `all`. Without it, the VIC-20 gets the expansion its media needs. See [The VIC-20](#the-vic-20). On the Plus/4, `16k`, `32k` or `64k` of RAM in place of the model's own, and on the PET `4k`, `8k`, `16k` or `32k` |
+| `--60hz` | Run a CRTC PET's 60 Hz editor in place of its 50 Hz one. See [The PET](#the-pet) |
+| `--basic VERSION`, `--editor NAME` | Fit a PET with an upgrade ROM its board takes: BASIC `1`, `2` or `4`, or an editor. See [The PET](#the-pet) |
 | `--c1lo FILE`, `--c1hi FILE`, `--c2lo FILE`, `--c2hi FILE` | Put a raw `.bin` ROM image in one of the Plus/4's cartridge slots: cartridge 1 or 2, low (`$8000`) or high (`$C000`). See [The Plus/4](#the-plus4) |
 | `--sid-card 6581`, `--sid-card 8580` | Fit a Plus/4 or C16 with a SID card at `$FD40`. See [The Plus/4](#the-plus4) |
 | `--sid-card-address fd40`, `--sid-card-address fe80` | Put the SID card at `$FD40` (the default) or at `$FE80` |
 | `--ram-expansion NAME` | Fit a Plus/4 or C16 with a RAM expansion: `hannes256`, `hannes1m` or `csory256`. See [The Plus/4](#the-plus4) |
 | `--reu SIZE` | Plug in a RAM Expansion Unit of `SIZE` K: 128, 256, 512 (a 1750) or up to 16384 |
-| `--model NAME` | Run another model of the machine, named as in VICE. For the C64: `c64` (the default, a PAL C64 with the 6569 VIC-II, 6526 CIAs and the 6581 SID), `c64c` (the PAL C64C, with the 8565, 6526As and the 8580), `ntsc` (the 6567R8), `newntsc` (the NTSC C64C, with the 8562, 6526As and the 8580), `oldntsc` (the first NTSC C64s' 6567R56A), `drean` (the Drean C64 of Argentina, PAL-N with the 6572), `sx64` (the portable SX-64, with its own KERNAL and no datasette), `pet64` (the PET 64 or Educator 64, a PAL C64 in a PET's case with its own KERNAL and a green monochrome monitor) `c64gs` (the C64GS games console, a PAL C64C with its own BASIC and KERNAL, and no keyboard or datasette) or `ultimax` (the MAX Machine of Japan, NTSC with 2K of RAM, one CIA and no ROMs, which runs only a cartridge). `--sid` or a `.sid` tune's own SID takes the model's place. The VIC-20, the C128 and the Plus/4 have models of their own: see their sections |
+| `--model NAME` | Run another model of the machine, named as in VICE. For the C64: `c64` (the default, a PAL C64 with the 6569 VIC-II, 6526 CIAs and the 6581 SID), `c64c` (the PAL C64C, with the 8565, 6526As and the 8580), `ntsc` (the 6567R8), `newntsc` (the NTSC C64C, with the 8562, 6526As and the 8580), `oldntsc` (the first NTSC C64s' 6567R56A), `drean` (the Drean C64 of Argentina, PAL-N with the 6572), `sx64` (the portable SX-64, with its own KERNAL and no datasette), `pet64` (the PET 64 or Educator 64, a PAL C64 in a PET's case with its own KERNAL and a green monochrome monitor) `c64gs` (the C64GS games console, a PAL C64C with its own BASIC and KERNAL, and no keyboard or datasette) or `ultimax` (the MAX Machine of Japan, NTSC with 2K of RAM, one CIA and no ROMs, which runs only a cartridge). `--sid` or a `.sid` tune's own SID takes the model's place. The VIC-20, the C128, the Plus/4 and the PET have models of their own: see their sections |
 | `--ntsc` | Run an NTSC C64, as `--model ntsc` does |
 | `--c64` | Start a C128 in C64 mode, holding `C=` at power-on. See [The C128](#the-c128) |
 | `--no-sound` | Don't play the SID (`badline` only, where sound is on by default) |
@@ -283,6 +286,69 @@ out. `F11` and the
 Snapshots page save it as they do the others, but not for VICE.
 [Input](#input) lists its keys.
 
+## The PET
+
+`badline pet` runs a CBM 8032, with BASIC 4 and 80 columns on a green
+screen, and takes programs, disks and tapes:
+
+```sh
+badline pet                         # READY., in BASIC 4
+badline pet game.prg                # Load and run a program
+badline pet game.d64                # Mount a disk image as device 8 and load it
+badline pet game.d82                # The same with an 8250's disk
+badline pet game.tap                # Insert a tape and load it
+badline pet --model 2001            # The first PET, with BASIC 1
+```
+
+`--model` picks the machine: `8032` (the default, 32K, 80 columns and
+the business keyboard), `8096` (an 8032 with the 64K board at `$FFF0`),
+`4032` (40 columns on a CRTC and the graphics keyboard), `3032` (the
+discrete 40-column board with BASIC 2), `3032b` (the same with the
+business keyboard) and `2001` (8K, BASIC 1 and the chiclet keyboard).
+`--ram 4k`, `8k` or `16k` fits less RAM in place of the model's own, as
+the 3008, 3016 and 4016 had.
+
+The 4032, 8032 and 8096 run their 50 Hz editor, and `--60hz` their
+60 Hz one. The others always run at 60 Hz. `--basic` fits the upgrade
+ROMs Commodore sold, with the editor that goes with them: BASIC 2 for the
+2001, and BASIC 4 for the 3032 and the 3032b. `--editor` names the editor
+instead, among those the board and its BASIC take. Each name is the
+BASIC, the keyboard, `n` for graphics or `b` for business, and on a CRTC
+board the columns and the frame rate: `1`, `2-n`, `2-b`, `4-n`, `4-b`,
+`4-40-n-50hz`, `4-40-n-60hz`, `4-80-b-50hz`, `4-80-b-50hz-0283` and
+`4-80-b-60hz`.
+
+The 8032 and the 8096 take two 50 Hz editors, both 901474-04 and read
+from different chips. `4-80-b-50hz`, the default, runs lines of 50
+cycles, 400 to a frame. `4-80-b-50hz-0283`, the chip dated 0283, runs
+lines of 64 cycles, 313 to a frame, with the screen's rows a scanline
+closer together and lower down. Both boot to the same READY.
+
+```sh
+badline pet --model 2001 --basic 2   # A 2001 with BASIC 2
+badline pet --model 3032 --basic 4   # A 3032 with BASIC 4, without a CRTC
+badline pet --editor 4-80-b-60hz     # An 8032 at 60 Hz, as --60hz runs it
+badline pet --editor 4-80-b-50hz-0283  # An 8032 with the other 50 Hz editor
+```
+
+BASIC 1, on the 2001, can't LOAD from a disk drive: its own ROM breaks
+the transfer, so `LOAD"NAME",8` finds the file and loads nothing. A
+disk given to `badline` still starts its first program on a 2001, which
+goes into memory as a program file does. `--basic 2`, the upgrade
+Commodore sold, loads from disk.
+
+A program loads at the start of BASIC, `$0401`, and runs. A `.d80`, a
+`.d82` or a tape made for the PET starts a PET without `pet`, but a
+program that loads at `$0401` starts a C64, since a VIC-20 with 3K loads
+there too. Disks go through the KERNAL traps on the IEEE-488 bus as
+device 8, and tapes play on cassette port 1. The keys type what the host's
+keys type, on either keyboard, and `Alt` adds the PET's `SHIFT`:
+[Input](#input) lists the rest. The pause
+menu's Power page names the model, its RAM and its frame rate, and its
+Expansion port page its RAM and the 8096's 64K board. The PET has no
+joysticks. `F11` and the Snapshots page save it as they do the others,
+but not for VICE.
+
 ## Snapshots
 
 `F11` quicksaves the whole machine to the next of five slots in
@@ -349,6 +415,30 @@ and put their own here:
 They have no `RESTORE`, `←` or `↑` key, so `Page Up`, `` ` `` and `]`
 press nothing.
 
+The PET types the characters on the host's keys, so Shift and `'` type
+`"` on the graphics keyboard, where `"` has a key of its own, and on the
+business keyboard, where it's `SHIFT` and `2`. Shift with a letter types
+the graphics character on its key. Either `Alt` with a key presses the
+PET's `SHIFT` and the key its unshifted character is on, so `Alt` and
+`'` type the graphics character on the graphics keyboard's `'` key, and
+on the business keyboard the character `SHIFT` gives that key. The keys
+without a character are here, with the pause menu's Keyboard page
+listing them too:
+
+| PET | Host |
+|-----|------|
+| `RUN/STOP` | `Page Down`, or `Escape` on the graphics keyboard |
+| `ESC` | `Escape`, on the business keyboard |
+| `CLR/HOME` | `Home` |
+| `INST/DEL` | `Backspace` |
+| `RVS` | `Ctrl` |
+| `CRSR ⇔` / `CRSR ⇕` | `Left`, `Right` / `Up`, `Down`, with `SHIFT` where they go left or up |
+| `↑` / `←` | `^` / `_` or `` ` `` |
+| `TAB`, `REPEAT` | `Tab`, `Page Up`, on the business keyboard |
+| Keypad | The keypad |
+
+On the PET `Tab` is a key, since there are no joysticks to switch to.
+
 `Tab` switches the keys between the C64 keyboard and the joysticks. The
 window title shows where they go, and any device plugged into a control
 port:
@@ -392,9 +482,9 @@ too.
 | Drive 8 | The disk: insert, eject, the previous or next disk of its set, and whether it's writable |
 | Datasette | The tape: insert, eject, PLAY and REWIND |
 | Expansion port | The cartridge's name: a `.crt`'s own, or a raw image's file name. Insert, remove, and its freeze button if it has one. On the VIC-20, the cartridge and the RAM expansion |
-| Ports | The device in each control port, and where the keys go |
+| Ports | The device in each control port, and where the keys go. On the PET, Keyboard: where its keys are |
 | Sound | Mute, and the SID's model |
-| Power | Reset, power cycle and quit, on a C128 its model and mode, and on a Plus/4 its model and RAM |
+| Power | Reset, power cycle and quit, on a C128 its model and mode, and on a Plus/4 or a PET its model and RAM |
 
 INSERT opens a file browser. A disk's set is the `.m3u` or `.vfl` list it
 was opened from, or one in its folder that lists it. Without one, it comes
@@ -444,6 +534,12 @@ in cartridge 1 as it does from the command line.
   receives at its baud rates, with nothing on the user port; Ruby code
   driving the machine can plug in a terminal, whose bytes it feeds and
   drains, or a loopback plug (`Plus4::ACIA#plug`).
+- **PET and CBM**: the 2001, 3032, 3032b, 4032, 8032 and 8096, with
+  BASIC 1, 2 or 4, the discrete video and the 6545 CRTC on 40 and 80
+  columns, both 6520 PIAs and the 6522 VIA, the graphics and business
+  keyboards, the sound on the VIA's CB2, the 8096's 64K board, both
+  cassette ports and device 8 on the IEEE-488 bus through the KERNAL
+  traps, `.d80` and `.d82` among its disks (`badline pet`).
 - **1541**: an emulated drive running its own DOS (`--true-drive`).
 - **1571**: the C128D's drive running DOS 3.0, in 1541 mode and in 1571
   mode at 2 MHz with both sides of a `.d71` or `.g71`, and fast serial

data/doc/pinned-behaviour.md

@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ only catches the rows that happen to move.
 - [SID data bus](#sid-data-bus)
 - [SID envelope](#sid-envelope)
 - [`.sid` tune banking](#sid-tune-banking)
+- [PET discrete video](#pet-discrete-video)
+- [PET CRTC](#pet-crtc)
 
 ## CPU interrupt recognition
 
@@ -2162,3 +2164,68 @@ testprogs named.
   in `$19` and goes silent when BASIC writes `$0a` there.
   - Spec guard:
     [`sid_tune/file/driver_spec.rb`](../spec/badline/sid_tune/file/driver_spec.rb).
+
+## PET discrete video
+
+- The 2001's and 3000 series' frame is 260 lines of 64 cycles, 16,640
+  cycles, and the vertical drive line is low for 3,840 of them, 60 lines.
+  - Pinned by xpet's 2001 and 3032 as a black box: the falling edges of
+    VIA PB5, timed with VIA T1 over 64 frames, come 16,640 cycles apart,
+    each low for 3,840. Nothing checks the 64-cycle line itself.
+  - Spec guard: *the vertical drive line* in
+    [`pet/discrete_video_spec.rb`](../spec/badline/pet/discrete_video_spec.rb).
+- A line's 40 characters come in its last 40 cycles, 24 cycles after the
+  line starts, and the vertical drive line falls right after line 199's
+  last character. Each character reads the screen RAM as it stands before
+  the CPU's access in the same cycle.
+  - Pinned by `PET/hi-res`, which rewrites the screen RAM as the beam
+    reads it: its picture matches `hi-res.bitmap` (all but the bitmap's
+    tenth column, which `hi-res.py` makes from an immediate that isn't a
+    screen write) with the characters anywhere from 6 to 32 cycles after
+    the line starts. 24 puts them at the end of the line, so the vertical
+    drive line falls as the display ends.
+  - Spec guard: *shows a line's characters in its last 40 cycles* in
+    [`pet/discrete_video_spec.rb`](../spec/badline/pet/discrete_video_spec.rb).
+
+## PET CRTC
+
+- The 6545's counters step once a cycle, ahead of the CPU, and compare
+  with the registers as they stand that cycle, so a write lands from the
+  next character. Vertical sync starts at the first character of row R7
+  and lasts 16 lines, and its start is PIA 1 CB1's falling edge, the
+  editor's IRQ. Every editor leaves R3's upper four bits 0, and nothing
+  has checked another value.
+  - Pinned by `CRTC/crtc0`, `crtc4`-`crtc9`, `crtc11` and `crtc12`
+    (`testbench-pet`), which time their register writes from that IRQ
+    with VIA T1 and loops: all eight match their references dot for dot.
+    The 16 lines match xpet's frame probe on every editor (vertical drive
+    low for 800 cycles of 50-cycle lines, 1,024 of 64).
+  - Spec guard:
+    [`chips/crtc_spec.rb`](../spec/badline/chips/crtc_spec.rb).
+- A compare the counter has already passed doesn't happen: R1 written
+  below the character counter leaves the display on to the line's end,
+  MA counting on, and on a row's last line leaves the next row's start
+  where it was, so the row repeats. R9 written below the line counter
+  runs the row on to 32 lines, and R6 written below the row counter
+  leaves the display on to the frame's end.
+  - Pinned by `CRTC/crtc6` and `crtc7` (R1), `crtc10` (R9, which matches
+    today's xpet dot for dot; its reference is an older xpet's) and
+    `crtc13` (R6).
+  - Spec guard: *past an R1 it missed*, *repeats a row*, *past an R9 it
+    missed* and *past an R6 it missed* in
+    [`chips/crtc_spec.rb`](../spec/badline/chips/crtc_spec.rb).
+- The picture is framed as xpet frames its screenshots: R1's characters
+  in the middle of 704 dots (80 columns) or 384 (40); each character as
+  far right as it comes after its line's horizontal sync, so lines whose
+  sync moves mid-frame move against the rest; the frame's first line
+  where the last frame's lines up to the R6 stop would sit in the middle
+  of 273, unchanged after a frame where the display never stopped; each
+  horizontal sync starting the next line of the picture; nothing within
+  8 dots of either side.
+  - Pinned by `CRTC/crtc4` and `crtc5` (sync moved for some lines),
+    `crtc6` and `crtc7` (display through horizontal sync), `crtc10`
+    (a frame of 232 displayed lines framed from line 20) and the boot
+    screens of the 4032 and the 8032, which match xpet's at the same
+    cycle dot for dot.
+  - Spec guard:
+    [`pet/crtc_video_spec.rb`](../spec/badline/pet/crtc_video_spec.rb).

data/doc/snapshot-format.md

@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ key only some of them have names them.
 
 ## BL-MACHINE
 
-Written by the C64, VIC-20, C128, Plus/4.
+Written by the C64, VIC-20, C128, Plus/4, PET.
 
 | Key | Type | Default |
 | --- | --- | --- |
-| `family` | text: c64 vic20 c128 plus4 | "c64" |
+| `family` | text: c64 vic20 c128 plus4 pet | "c64" |
 | `region` | text: pal ntsc ntscold drean | C64: "pal" |
 | `vic_model` | text: mos6569 mos8565 mos8566 mos8564 | C64: "mos6569" |
 | `cia_model` | text: mos6526 mos6526a | C64: "mos6526" |
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ Written by the C64, VIC-20, C128, Plus/4.
 | `ram` | text: unexpanded 3k 8k 16k 24k 32k all | VIC-20: "unexpanded" |
 | `bus.data` | byte | VIC-20: 253; C128: 255 |
 | `bus.video_data` | byte | VIC-20: 0 |
-| `model` | text: c128 c128ntsc c128dcr c128dcrntsc | C128: "c128"; Plus/4: "plus4" |
+| `model` | text: c128 c128ntsc c128dcr c128dcrntsc | C128: "c128"; Plus/4: "plus4"; PET: "8032" |
 | `mode` | text: c64 c128 | C128: "c64" |
 | `bus.address` | word | C128: 65533 |
 | `clock_bits` | int | C128: 0 |
@@ -61,22 +61,32 @@ Written by the C64, VIC-20, C128, Plus/4.
 | `host.typist.code` | int, optional | C128: absent |
 | `host.typist.wait` | int | C128: 0 |
 | `host.typist.typing` | bool | C128: false |
-| `ram_kb` | int | Plus/4: 64 or 16 |
+| `ram_kb` | int | Plus/4: 64 or 16; PET: 32 or 8 |
 | `sid_card` | text: none mos6581 mos8580 | Plus/4: "none" |
 | `tcbm` | bool | Plus/4: false |
 | `sid_card_address` | int | Plus/4: 64832 |
+| `host.true_drive_model` | text: 1541 1551 | Plus/4: "1551" |
+| `refresh_hz` | int | PET: 50 or 60 |
+| `rom.basic` | text | PET: "pet/basic4.rom" or "pet/basic1.rom" |
+| `rom.editor` | text | PET: "pet/editor4-80-b-50hz.rom" or "pet/editor1.rom" |
+| `rom.kernal` | text | PET: "pet/kernal4.rom" or "pet/kernal1.rom" |
+| `rom.characters` | text | PET: "pet/characters2.rom" or "pet/characters1.rom" |
+| `vertical_drive` | bool | PET: true |
 
 ## BL-RAM
 
-Written by the C64, VIC-20, C128, Plus/4.
+Written by the C64, VIC-20, C128, Plus/4, PET.
 
 | Key | Type | Default |
 | --- | --- | --- |
-| `ram` | bytes | C64: 65536 values; VIC-20: 49152 values; C128: 131072 values; Plus/4: 65536 × 0 or 16384 × 0 |
+| `ram` | bytes | C64: 65536 values; VIC-20: 49152 values; C128: 131072 values; Plus/4: 65536 × 0 or 16384 × 0; PET: 32768 × 0 or 8192 × 0 |
 | `bus.low_bank` | int & 0x3 | Plus/4: 0 |
 | `bus.high_bank` | int & 0x3 | Plus/4: 0 |
 | `bus.rom_selected` | bool | Plus/4: true |
-| `bus.data` | byte | Plus/4: 255 |
+| `bus.data` | byte | Plus/4: 255; PET: 253 |
+| `screen` | bytes | PET: 2048 × 0 or 1024 × 0 |
+| `expansion.control` | byte | PET: 0 |
+| `expansion.ram` | bytes | PET: 65536 × 0 |
 
 ## BL-COLORRAM
 
@@ -89,14 +99,14 @@ Written by the C64, VIC-20, C128.
 
 ## BL-CPU
 
-Written by the C64, C128, Plus/4, VIC-20.
+Written by the C64, C128, Plus/4, VIC-20, PET.
 
 | Key | Type | Default |
 | --- | --- | --- |
 | `port.ddr` | byte | C64: 0; C128: 0; Plus/4: 0 |
 | `port.data` | byte | C64: 0; C128: 0; Plus/4: 0 |
 | `port.floating` | byte | C64: 0; C128: 0 |
-| `pc` | word | C64: 64738; VIC-20: 64802; C128: 65341; Plus/4: 65526 |
+| `pc` | word | C64: 64738; VIC-20: 64802; C128: 65341; Plus/4: 65526; PET: 64790 or 64824 |
 | `sp` | byte | 255 |
 | `a` | byte | 0 |
 | `x` | byte | 0 |
@@ -532,6 +542,7 @@ Written by the C64, VIC-20, Plus/4.
 | `active` | bool | C64: true |
 | `ram` | bytes | C64: 8192 × 0 |
 | `ram<N>.data` | bytes | C64: 8192 × 0 |
+| `name` | text | VIC-20: "" |
 | `roms` | int | VIC-20: 0 |
 | `rom0.bytes` | bytes | VIC-20: [] |
 | `rom0.start` | word | VIC-20: 0 |
@@ -542,11 +553,11 @@ Written by the C64, VIC-20, Plus/4.
 
 ## BL-TRAPDOS
 
-Written by the C64.
+Written by the C64, PET.
 
 | Key | Type | Default |
 | --- | --- | --- |
-| `storage.kind` | text: directory d64 d71 d81 t64 | "directory" |
+| `storage.kind` | text: directory d64 d71 d81 t64 d80 d82 | "directory" |
 | `storage.path` | text | "" |
 | `storage.bytes` | bytes | [] |
 | `storage.read_only` | bool | false |
@@ -562,13 +573,19 @@ Written by the C64.
 | `status.error` | ints | [] |
 | `status.bytes` | bytes | [] |
 | `channels` | ints | [] |
-| `serial.listening` | bool | false |
-| `serial.talking` | bool | false |
-| `serial.listen_channel` | int, optional | absent |
-| `serial.talk_channel` | int, optional | absent |
-| `serial.frame` | int | 240 |
-| `serial.buffer` | bytes | [] |
-| `save.saving` | bool | false |
+| `serial.listening` | bool | C64: false |
+| `serial.talking` | bool | C64: false |
+| `serial.listen_channel` | int, optional | C64: absent |
+| `serial.talk_channel` | int, optional | C64: absent |
+| `serial.frame` | int | C64: 240 |
+| `serial.buffer` | bytes | C64: [] |
+| `save.saving` | bool | C64: false |
+| `ieee.listening` | bool | PET: false |
+| `ieee.talking` | bool | PET: false |
+| `ieee.listen_channel` | int, optional | PET: absent |
+| `ieee.talk_channel` | int, optional | PET: absent |
+| `ieee.frame` | int | PET: 240 |
+| `ieee.buffer` | bytes | PET: [] |
 
 ## BL-D8
 
@@ -1243,3 +1260,181 @@ Written by the Plus/4.
 | `ports` | ints | [0, 0, 0] |
 | `directions` | ints | [0, 0, 0] |
 | `inputs` | ints | [255, 3, 192] |
+
+## BL-PIA1
+
+Written by the PET.
+
+| Key | Type | Default |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| `ora` | byte | 0 |
+| `orb` | byte | 0 |
+| `ddra` | byte | 0 |
+| `ddrb` | byte | 0 |
+| `ca.control` | int & 0x3f | 0 |
+| `ca.c1_high` | bool | true |
+| `ca.c2_high` | bool | true |
+| `ca.c1_flag` | bool | false |
+| `ca.c2_flag` | bool | false |
+| `ca.handshake_low` | bool | false |
+| `ca.pulse` | int & 0x3 | 0 |
+| `cb.control` | int & 0x3f | 0 |
+| `cb.c1_high` | bool | true |
+| `cb.c2_high` | bool | true |
+| `cb.c1_flag` | bool | false |
+| `cb.c2_flag` | bool | false |
+| `cb.handshake_low` | bool | false |
+| `cb.pulse` | int & 0x3 | 0 |
+
+## BL-PIA2
+
+Written by the PET.
+
+| Key | Type | Default |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| `ora` | byte | 0 |
+| `orb` | byte | 0 |
+| `ddra` | byte | 0 |
+| `ddrb` | byte | 0 |
+| `ca.control` | int & 0x3f | 0 |
+| `ca.c1_high` | bool | true |
+| `ca.c2_high` | bool | true |
+| `ca.c1_flag` | bool | false |
+| `ca.c2_flag` | bool | false |
+| `ca.handshake_low` | bool | false |
+| `ca.pulse` | int & 0x3 | 0 |
+| `cb.control` | int & 0x3f | 0 |
+| `cb.c1_high` | bool | true |
+| `cb.c2_high` | bool | true |
+| `cb.c1_flag` | bool | false |
+| `cb.c2_flag` | bool | false |
+| `cb.handshake_low` | bool | false |
+| `cb.pulse` | int & 0x3 | 0 |
+
+## BL-VIA
+
+Written by the PET.
+
+| Key | Type | Default |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| `ora` | byte | 0 |
+| `orb` | byte | 0 |
+| `ddra` | byte | 0 |
+| `ddrb` | byte | 0 |
+| `latch_a` | byte | 255 |
+| `latch_b` | byte | 255 |
+| `acr` | byte | 0 |
+| `pcr` | byte | 0 |
+| `pb6_high` | bool | true |
+| `t<N>.counter` | word | 65535 |
+| `t1.latch` | word | 65535 |
+| `t<N>.hold` | bool | false |
+| `t1.reload` | bool | false |
+| `t<N>.armed` | bool | false |
+| `t1.pb7` | bool | true |
+| `t2.latch_low` | byte | 255 |
+| `t2.low_reload` | bool | false |
+| `t2.low_underflowed` | bool | false |
+| `t2.count_pulses` | bool | false |
+| `t2.counting_pulses` | bool | false |
+| `sr.mode` | int & 0x7 | 0 |
+| `sr.data` | byte | 0 |
+| `sr.bits` | int | 0 |
+| `sr.delay` | int | 0 |
+| `sr.clock` | bool | true |
+| `sr.cb2` | bool | true |
+| `sr.cb2_input` | bool | true |
+| `ifr.flags` | int & 0x7f | 0 |
+| `ifr.enable` | int & 0x7f | 0 |
+| `ca.control` | int & 0xf | 0 |
+| `ca.c1_high` | bool | true |
+| `ca.c2_high` | bool | true |
+| `ca.handshake_low` | bool | false |
+| `ca.pulse` | int | 0 |
+| `ca.c2_output` | bool | true |
+| `cb.control` | int & 0xf | 0 |
+| `cb.c1_high` | bool | true |
+| `cb.c2_high` | bool | true |
+| `cb.handshake_low` | bool | false |
+| `cb.pulse` | int | 0 |
+| `cb.c2_output` | bool | true |
+
+## BL-CRTC
+
+Written by the PET.
+
+| Key | Type | Default |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| `registers` | bytes | 18 × 0 |
+| `selected` | int & 0x1f | 0 |
+| `column` | byte | 0 |
+| `since_hsync` | int | 0 |
+| `line` | int & 0x1f | 0 |
+| `row` | int & 0x7f | 0 |
+| `vsync_lines` | int | 16 |
+| `adjusting` | bool | false |
+| `row_display` | bool | false |
+| `column_display` | bool | true |
+| `row_start` | int & 0x3fff | 0 |
+| `address` | int & 0x3fff | 0 |
+
+## BL-VIDEO
+
+Written by the PET.
+
+| Key | Type | Default |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| `displayed` | int | 0 |
+| `frame_displayed` | int | 0 |
+| `line_shown` | bool | false |
+| `y` | int | 136 |
+| `from_y` | int | 136 |
+| `to_y` | int | 136 |
+| `shown_from` | int | 36 |
+| `shown_to` | int | 37 |
+| `on_canvas` | bool | true |
+| `origin` | int | 336 |
+| `from` | int | 704 |
+| `to` | int | -704 |
+| `canvas.dots` | bytes | 192192 × 0 or 83328 × 0 |
+| `canvas.painted` | ints | 48048 × 0 or 20832 × 0 |
+| `canvas.span_from` | ints | 273 × 0 or 217 × 0 |
+| `canvas.span_to` | ints | 273 × 0 or 217 × 0 |
+| `column` | int | 0 |
+| `line` | int | 0 |
+
+## BL-TAPE1
+
+Written by the PET.
+
+| Key | Type | Default |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| `playing` | bool | false |
+| `motor` | bool | false |
+| `countdown` | int | 0 |
+| `recording` | bool | false |
+| `since` | int | 0 |
+| `write_high` | bool | true |
+| `rise_at` | int | 0 |
+| `low_recorded` | bool | false |
+| `tape.bytes` | bytes | [] |
+| `tape.path` | text | "" |
+| `tape.position` | int | 0 |
+
+## BL-TAPE2
+
+Written by the PET.
+
+| Key | Type | Default |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| `playing` | bool | false |
+| `motor` | bool | false |
+| `countdown` | int | 0 |
+| `recording` | bool | false |
+| `since` | int | 0 |
+| `write_high` | bool | true |
+| `rise_at` | int | 0 |
+| `low_recorded` | bool | false |
+| `tape.bytes` | bytes | [] |
+| `tape.path` | text | "" |
+| `tape.position` | int | 0 |