backlog 0.9.1 → 0.10.0

data/vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/schema.rb

@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-module ActiveRecord
-  # Allows programmers to programmatically define a schema in a portable
-  # DSL. This means you can define tables, indexes, etc. without using SQL
-  # directly, so your applications can more easily support multiple
-  # databases.
-  #
-  # Usage:
-  #
-  #   ActiveRecord::Schema.define do
-  #     create_table :authors do |t|
-  #       t.column :name, :string, :null => false
-  #     end
-  #
-  #     add_index :authors, :name, :unique
-  #
-  #     create_table :posts do |t|
-  #       t.column :author_id, :integer, :null => false
-  #       t.column :subject, :string
-  #       t.column :body, :text
-  #       t.column :private, :boolean, :default => false
-  #     end
-  #
-  #     add_index :posts, :author_id
-  #   end
-  #
-  # ActiveRecord::Schema is only supported by database adapters that also
-  # support migrations, the two features being very similar.
-  class Schema < Migration
-    private_class_method :new
-
-    # Eval the given block. All methods available to the current connection
-    # adapter are available within the block, so you can easily use the
-    # database definition DSL to build up your schema (#create_table,
-    # #add_index, etc.).
-    #
-    # The +info+ hash is optional, and if given is used to define metadata
-    # about the current schema (like the schema's version):
-    #
-    #   ActiveRecord::Schema.define(:version => 15) do
-    #     ...
-    #   end
-    def self.define(info={}, &block)
-      instance_eval(&block)
-
-      unless info.empty?
-        initialize_schema_information
-        cols = columns('schema_info')
-
-        info = info.map do |k,v|
-          v = Base.connection.quote(v, cols.detect { |c| c.name == k.to_s })
-          "#{k} = #{v}"
-        end
-
-        Base.connection.update "UPDATE #{Migrator.schema_info_table_name} SET #{info.join(", ")}"
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end

data/vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/schema_dumper.rb

@@ -1,164 +0,0 @@
-require 'stringio'
-require 'bigdecimal'
-
-module ActiveRecord
-  # This class is used to dump the database schema for some connection to some
-  # output format (i.e., ActiveRecord::Schema).
-  class SchemaDumper #:nodoc:
-    private_class_method :new
-    
-    # A list of tables which should not be dumped to the schema. 
-    # Acceptable values are strings as well as regexp.
-    # This setting is only used if ActiveRecord::Base.schema_format == :ruby
-    cattr_accessor :ignore_tables 
-    @@ignore_tables = []
-
-    def self.dump(connection=ActiveRecord::Base.connection, stream=STDOUT)
-      new(connection).dump(stream)
-      stream
-    end
-
-    def dump(stream)
-      header(stream)
-      tables(stream)
-      trailer(stream)
-      stream
-    end
-
-    private
-
-      def initialize(connection)
-        @connection = connection
-        @types = @connection.native_database_types
-        @info = @connection.select_one("SELECT * FROM schema_info") rescue nil
-      end
-
-      def header(stream)
-        define_params = @info ? ":version => #{@info['version']}" : ""
-
-        stream.puts <<HEADER
-# This file is autogenerated. Instead of editing this file, please use the
-# migrations feature of ActiveRecord to incrementally modify your database, and
-# then regenerate this schema definition.
-
-ActiveRecord::Schema.define(#{define_params}) do
-
-HEADER
-      end
-
-      def trailer(stream)
-        stream.puts "end"
-      end
-
-      def tables(stream)
-        @connection.tables.sort.each do |tbl|
-          next if ["schema_info", ignore_tables].flatten.any? do |ignored|
-            case ignored
-            when String: tbl == ignored
-            when Regexp: tbl =~ ignored
-            else
-              raise StandardError, 'ActiveRecord::SchemaDumper.ignore_tables accepts an array of String and / or Regexp values.'
-            end
-          end 
-          table(tbl, stream)
-        end
-      end
-
-      def table(table, stream)
-        columns = @connection.columns(table)
-        begin
-          tbl = StringIO.new
-
-          if @connection.respond_to?(:pk_and_sequence_for)
-            pk, pk_seq = @connection.pk_and_sequence_for(table)
-          end
-          pk ||= 'id'
-
-          tbl.print "  create_table #{table.inspect}"
-          if columns.detect { |c| c.name == pk }
-            if pk != 'id'
-              tbl.print %Q(, :primary_key => "#{pk}")
-            end
-          else
-            tbl.print ", :id => false"
-          end
-          tbl.print ", :force => true"
-          tbl.puts " do |t|"
-
-          column_specs = columns.map do |column|
-            raise StandardError, "Unknown type '#{column.sql_type}' for column '#{column.name}'" if @types[column.type].nil?
-            next if column.name == pk
-            spec = {}
-            spec[:name]      = column.name.inspect
-            spec[:type]      = column.type.to_s
-            spec[:limit]     = column.limit.inspect if column.limit != @types[column.type][:limit] && column.type != :decimal
-            spec[:precision] = column.precision.inspect if !column.precision.nil?
-            spec[:scale]     = column.scale.inspect if !column.scale.nil?
-            spec[:null]      = 'false' if !column.null
-            spec[:default]   = default_string(column.default) if !column.default.nil?
-            (spec.keys - [:name, :type]).each{ |k| spec[k].insert(0, "#{k.inspect} => ")}
-            spec
-          end.compact
-
-          # find all migration keys used in this table
-          keys = [:name, :limit, :precision, :scale, :default, :null] & column_specs.map(&:keys).flatten
-
-          # figure out the lengths for each column based on above keys
-          lengths = keys.map{ |key| column_specs.map{ |spec| spec[key] ? spec[key].length + 2 : 0 }.max }
-
-          # the string we're going to sprintf our values against, with standardized column widths
-          format_string = lengths.map{ |len| "%-#{len}s" }
-
-          # find the max length for the 'type' column, which is special
-          type_length = column_specs.map{ |column| column[:type].length }.max
-
-          # add column type definition to our format string
-          format_string.unshift "    t.%-#{type_length}s "
-
-          format_string *= ''
-
-          column_specs.each do |colspec|
-            values = keys.zip(lengths).map{ |key, len| colspec.key?(key) ? colspec[key] + ", " : " " * len }
-            values.unshift colspec[:type]
-            tbl.print((format_string % values).gsub(/,\s*$/, ''))
-            tbl.puts
-          end
-
-          tbl.puts "  end"
-          tbl.puts
-          
-          indexes(table, tbl)
-
-          tbl.rewind
-          stream.print tbl.read
-        rescue => e
-          stream.puts "# Could not dump table #{table.inspect} because of following #{e.class}"
-          stream.puts "#   #{e.message}"
-          stream.puts
-        end
-        
-        stream
-      end
-
-      def default_string(value)
-        case value
-        when BigDecimal
-          value.to_s
-        when Date, DateTime, Time
-          "'" + value.to_s(:db) + "'"
-        else
-          value.inspect
-        end
-      end
-      
-      def indexes(table, stream)
-        indexes = @connection.indexes(table)
-        indexes.each do |index|
-          stream.print "  add_index #{index.table.inspect}, #{index.columns.inspect}, :name => #{index.name.inspect}"
-          stream.print ", :unique => true" if index.unique
-          stream.puts
-        end
-        stream.puts unless indexes.empty?
-      end
-  end
-end

data/vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/timestamp.rb

@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-module ActiveRecord
-  # Active Record automatically timestamps create and update if the table has fields
-  # created_at/created_on or updated_at/updated_on.
-  #
-  # Timestamping can be turned off by setting
-  #   <tt>ActiveRecord::Base.record_timestamps = false</tt>
-  #
-  # Keep in mind that, via inheritance, you can turn off timestamps on a per
-  # model basis by setting <tt>record_timestamps</tt> to false in the desired
-  # models.
-  #
-  #   class Feed < ActiveRecord::Base
-  #     self.record_timestamps = false
-  #     # ...
-  #   end
-  #
-  # Timestamps are in the local timezone by default but can use UTC by setting
-  #   <tt>ActiveRecord::Base.default_timezone = :utc</tt>
-  module Timestamp
-    def self.included(base) #:nodoc:
-      base.alias_method_chain :create, :timestamps
-      base.alias_method_chain :update, :timestamps
-
-      base.cattr_accessor :record_timestamps, :instance_writer => false
-      base.record_timestamps = true
-    end
-
-    private
-      def create_with_timestamps #:nodoc:
-        if record_timestamps
-          t = self.class.default_timezone == :utc ? Time.now.utc : Time.now
-          write_attribute('created_at', t) if respond_to?(:created_at) && created_at.nil?
-          write_attribute('created_on', t) if respond_to?(:created_on) && created_on.nil?
-
-          write_attribute('updated_at', t) if respond_to?(:updated_at)
-          write_attribute('updated_on', t) if respond_to?(:updated_on)
-        end
-        create_without_timestamps
-      end
-
-      def update_with_timestamps #:nodoc:
-        if record_timestamps
-          t = self.class.default_timezone == :utc ? Time.now.utc : Time.now
-          write_attribute('updated_at', t) if respond_to?(:updated_at)
-          write_attribute('updated_on', t) if respond_to?(:updated_on)
-        end
-        update_without_timestamps
-      end
-  end
-end

data/vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/transactions.rb

@@ -1,128 +0,0 @@
-require 'thread'
-
-module ActiveRecord
-  module Transactions # :nodoc:
-    class TransactionError < ActiveRecordError # :nodoc:
-    end
-
-    def self.included(base)
-      base.extend(ClassMethods)
-
-      base.class_eval do
-        [:destroy, :save, :save!].each do |method|
-          alias_method_chain method, :transactions
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Transactions are protective blocks where SQL statements are only permanent if they can all succeed as one atomic action. 
-    # The classic example is a transfer between two accounts where you can only have a deposit if the withdrawal succeeded and
-    # vice versa. Transactions enforce the integrity of the database and guard the data against program errors or database break-downs.
-    # So basically you should use transaction blocks whenever you have a number of statements that must be executed together or
-    # not at all. Example:
-    #
-    #   transaction do
-    #     david.withdrawal(100)
-    #     mary.deposit(100)
-    #   end
-    #
-    # This example will only take money from David and give to Mary if neither +withdrawal+ nor +deposit+ raises an exception.
-    # Exceptions will force a ROLLBACK that returns the database to the state before the transaction was begun. Be aware, though,
-    # that the objects by default will _not_ have their instance data returned to their pre-transactional state.
-    #
-    # == Rolling back a transaction manually
-    #
-    # Instead of relying on exceptions to rollback your transactions, you can also do so manually from within the scope
-    # of the transaction by accepting a yield parameter and calling rollback! on it. Example:
-    #
-    #   transaction do |transaction|
-    #     david.withdrawal(100)
-    #     mary.deposit(100)
-    #     transaction.rollback! # rolls back the transaction that was otherwise going to be successful
-    #   end
-    #
-    # == Transactions are not distributed across database connections
-    #
-    # A transaction acts on a single database connection.  If you have
-    # multiple class-specific databases, the transaction will not protect
-    # interaction among them.  One workaround is to begin a transaction
-    # on each class whose models you alter:
-    #
-    #   Student.transaction do
-    #     Course.transaction do
-    #       course.enroll(student)
-    #       student.units += course.units
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    #
-    # This is a poor solution, but full distributed transactions are beyond
-    # the scope of Active Record.
-    #
-    # == Save and destroy are automatically wrapped in a transaction
-    #
-    # Both Base#save and Base#destroy come wrapped in a transaction that ensures that whatever you do in validations or callbacks
-    # will happen under the protected cover of a transaction. So you can use validations to check for values that the transaction
-    # depend on or you can raise exceptions in the callbacks to rollback.
-    #
-    # == Exception handling
-    #
-    # Also have in mind that exceptions thrown within a transaction block will be propagated (after triggering the ROLLBACK), so you
-    # should be ready to catch those in your application code.
-    module ClassMethods
-      def transaction(&block)
-        previous_handler = trap('TERM') { raise TransactionError, "Transaction aborted" }
-        increment_open_transactions
-
-        begin
-          connection.transaction(Thread.current['start_db_transaction'], &block)
-        ensure
-          decrement_open_transactions
-          trap('TERM', previous_handler)
-        end
-      end
-
-      private
-        def increment_open_transactions #:nodoc:
-          open = Thread.current['open_transactions'] ||= 0
-          Thread.current['start_db_transaction'] = open.zero?
-          Thread.current['open_transactions'] = open + 1
-        end
-
-        def decrement_open_transactions #:nodoc:
-          Thread.current['open_transactions'] -= 1
-        end
-    end
-
-    def transaction(&block)
-      self.class.transaction(&block)
-    end
-
-    def destroy_with_transactions #:nodoc:
-      transaction { destroy_without_transactions }
-    end
-
-    def save_with_transactions(perform_validation = true) #:nodoc:
-      rollback_active_record_state! { transaction { save_without_transactions(perform_validation) } }
-    end
-
-    def save_with_transactions! #:nodoc:
-      rollback_active_record_state! { transaction { save_without_transactions! } }
-    end
-
-    # Reset id and @new_record if the transaction rolls back.
-    def rollback_active_record_state!
-      id_present = has_attribute?(self.class.primary_key)
-      previous_id = id
-      previous_new_record = @new_record
-      yield
-    rescue Exception
-      @new_record = previous_new_record
-      if id_present
-        self.id = previous_id
-      else
-        @attributes.delete(self.class.primary_key)
-      end
-      raise
-    end
-  end
-end

data/vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/validations.rb

@@ -1,902 +0,0 @@
-module ActiveRecord
-  # Raised by save! and create! when the record is invalid.  Use the
-  # record method to retrieve the record which did not validate.
-  #   begin
-  #     complex_operation_that_calls_save!_internally
-  #   rescue ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid => invalid
-  #     puts invalid.record.errors
-  #   end
-  class RecordInvalid < ActiveRecordError #:nodoc:
-    attr_reader :record
-    def initialize(record)
-      @record = record
-      super("Validation failed: #{@record.errors.full_messages.join(", ")}")
-    end
-  end
-
-  # Active Record validation is reported to and from this object, which is used by Base#save to
-  # determine whether the object in a valid state to be saved. See usage example in Validations.
-  class Errors
-    include Enumerable
-
-    def initialize(base) # :nodoc:
-      @base, @errors = base, {}
-    end
-
-    @@default_error_messages = {
-      :inclusion => "is not included in the list",
-      :exclusion => "is reserved",
-      :invalid => "is invalid",
-      :confirmation => "doesn't match confirmation",
-      :accepted  => "must be accepted",
-      :empty => "can't be empty",
-      :blank => "can't be blank",
-      :too_long => "is too long (maximum is %d characters)",
-      :too_short => "is too short (minimum is %d characters)",
-      :wrong_length => "is the wrong length (should be %d characters)",
-      :taken => "has already been taken",
-      :not_a_number => "is not a number"
-    }
-
-    # Holds a hash with all the default error messages, such that they can be replaced by your own copy or localizations.
-    cattr_accessor :default_error_messages
-
-
-    # Adds an error to the base object instead of any particular attribute. This is used
-    # to report errors that don't tie to any specific attribute, but rather to the object
-    # as a whole. These error messages don't get prepended with any field name when iterating
-    # with each_full, so they should be complete sentences.
-    def add_to_base(msg)
-      add(:base, msg)
-    end
-
-    # Adds an error message (+msg+) to the +attribute+, which will be returned on a call to <tt>on(attribute)</tt>
-    # for the same attribute and ensure that this error object returns false when asked if <tt>empty?</tt>. More than one
-    # error can be added to the same +attribute+ in which case an array will be returned on a call to <tt>on(attribute)</tt>.
-    # If no +msg+ is supplied, "invalid" is assumed.
-    def add(attribute, msg = @@default_error_messages[:invalid])
-      @errors[attribute.to_s] = [] if @errors[attribute.to_s].nil?
-      @errors[attribute.to_s] << msg
-    end
-
-    # Will add an error message to each of the attributes in +attributes+ that is empty.
-    def add_on_empty(attributes, msg = @@default_error_messages[:empty])
-      for attr in [attributes].flatten
-        value = @base.respond_to?(attr.to_s) ? @base.send(attr.to_s) : @base[attr.to_s]
-        is_empty = value.respond_to?("empty?") ? value.empty? : false
-        add(attr, msg) unless !value.nil? && !is_empty
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Will add an error message to each of the attributes in +attributes+ that is blank (using Object#blank?).
-    def add_on_blank(attributes, msg = @@default_error_messages[:blank])
-      for attr in [attributes].flatten
-        value = @base.respond_to?(attr.to_s) ? @base.send(attr.to_s) : @base[attr.to_s]
-        add(attr, msg) if value.blank?
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Will add an error message to each of the attributes in +attributes+ that has a length outside of the passed boundary +range+.
-    # If the length is above the boundary, the too_long_msg message will be used. If below, the too_short_msg.
-    def add_on_boundary_breaking(attributes, range, too_long_msg = @@default_error_messages[:too_long], too_short_msg = @@default_error_messages[:too_short])
-      for attr in [attributes].flatten
-        value = @base.respond_to?(attr.to_s) ? @base.send(attr.to_s) : @base[attr.to_s]
-        add(attr, too_short_msg % range.begin) if value && value.length < range.begin
-        add(attr, too_long_msg % range.end) if value && value.length > range.end
-      end
-    end
-
-    alias :add_on_boundry_breaking :add_on_boundary_breaking
-    deprecate :add_on_boundary_breaking => :validates_length_of, :add_on_boundry_breaking => :validates_length_of
-
-    # Returns true if the specified +attribute+ has errors associated with it.
-    #
-    #   class Company < ActiveRecord::Base
-    #     validates_presence_of :name, :address, :email
-    #     validates_length_of :name, :in => 5..30
-    #   end
-    #
-    #   company = Company.create(:address => '123 First St.')
-    #   company.errors.invalid?(:name)      # => true
-    #   company.errors.invalid?(:address)   # => false
-    def invalid?(attribute)
-      !@errors[attribute.to_s].nil?
-    end
-
-    # Returns nil, if no errors are associated with the specified +attribute+.
-    # Returns the error message, if one error is associated with the specified +attribute+.
-    # Returns an array of error messages, if more than one error is associated with the specified +attribute+.
-    #
-    #   class Company < ActiveRecord::Base
-    #     validates_presence_of :name, :address, :email
-    #     validates_length_of :name, :in => 5..30
-    #   end
-    #
-    #   company = Company.create(:address => '123 First St.')
-    #   company.errors.on(:name)      # => ["is too short (minimum is 5 characters)", "can't be blank"]
-    #   company.errors.on(:email)     # => "can't be blank"
-    #   company.errors.on(:address)   # => nil
-    def on(attribute)
-      errors = @errors[attribute.to_s]
-      return nil if errors.nil?
-      errors.size == 1 ? errors.first : errors
-    end
-
-    alias :[] :on
-
-    # Returns errors assigned to base object through add_to_base according to the normal rules of on(attribute).
-    def on_base
-      on(:base)
-    end
-
-    # Yields each attribute and associated message per error added.
-    #
-    #   class Company < ActiveRecord::Base
-    #     validates_presence_of :name, :address, :email
-    #     validates_length_of :name, :in => 5..30
-    #   end
-    #
-    #   company = Company.create(:address => '123 First St.')
-    #   company.errors.each{|attr,msg| puts "#{attr} - #{msg}" } # =>
-    #     name - is too short (minimum is 5 characters)
-    #     name - can't be blank
-    #     address - can't be blank
-    def each
-      @errors.each_key { |attr| @errors[attr].each { |msg| yield attr, msg } }
-    end
-
-    # Yields each full error message added. So Person.errors.add("first_name", "can't be empty") will be returned
-    # through iteration as "First name can't be empty".
-    #
-    #   class Company < ActiveRecord::Base
-    #     validates_presence_of :name, :address, :email
-    #     validates_length_of :name, :in => 5..30
-    #   end
-    #
-    #   company = Company.create(:address => '123 First St.')
-    #   company.errors.each_full{|msg| puts msg } # =>
-    #     Name is too short (minimum is 5 characters)
-    #     Name can't be blank
-    #     Address can't be blank
-    def each_full
-      full_messages.each { |msg| yield msg }
-    end
-
-    # Returns all the full error messages in an array.
-    #
-    #   class Company < ActiveRecord::Base
-    #     validates_presence_of :name, :address, :email
-    #     validates_length_of :name, :in => 5..30
-    #   end
-    #
-    #   company = Company.create(:address => '123 First St.')
-    #   company.errors.full_messages # =>
-    #     ["Name is too short (minimum is 5 characters)", "Name can't be blank", "Address can't be blank"]
-    def full_messages
-      full_messages = []
-
-      @errors.each_key do |attr|
-        @errors[attr].each do |msg|
-          next if msg.nil?
-
-          if attr == "base"
-            full_messages << msg
-          else
-            full_messages << @base.class.human_attribute_name(attr) + " " + msg
-          end
-        end
-      end
-      full_messages
-    end
-
-    # Returns true if no errors have been added.
-    def empty?
-      @errors.empty?
-    end
-
-    # Removes all errors that have been added.
-    def clear
-      @errors = {}
-    end
-
-    # Returns the total number of errors added. Two errors added to the same attribute will be counted as such.
-    def size
-      @errors.values.inject(0) { |error_count, attribute| error_count + attribute.size }
-    end
-
-    alias_method :count, :size
-    alias_method :length, :size
-
-    # Return an XML representation of this error object.
-    #
-    #   class Company < ActiveRecord::Base
-    #     validates_presence_of :name, :address, :email
-    #     validates_length_of :name, :in => 5..30
-    #   end
-    #
-    #   company = Company.create(:address => '123 First St.')
-    #   company.errors.to_xml # =>
-    #     <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-    #     <errors>
-    #       <error>Name is too short (minimum is 5 characters)</error>
-    #       <error>Name can't be blank</error>
-    #       <error>Address can't be blank</error>
-    #     </errors>
-    def to_xml(options={})
-      options[:root] ||= "errors"
-      options[:indent] ||= 2
-      options[:builder] ||= Builder::XmlMarkup.new(:indent => options[:indent])
-
-      options[:builder].instruct! unless options.delete(:skip_instruct)
-      options[:builder].errors do |e|
-        full_messages.each { |msg| e.error(msg) }
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-
-  # Active Records implement validation by overwriting Base#validate (or the variations, +validate_on_create+ and
-  # +validate_on_update+). Each of these methods can inspect the state of the object, which usually means ensuring
-  # that a number of attributes have a certain value (such as not empty, within a given range, matching a certain regular expression).
-  #
-  # Example:
-  #
-  #   class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
-  #     protected
-  #       def validate
-  #         errors.add_on_empty %w( first_name last_name )
-  #         errors.add("phone_number", "has invalid format") unless phone_number =~ /[0-9]*/
-  #       end
-  #
-  #       def validate_on_create # is only run the first time a new object is saved
-  #         unless valid_discount?(membership_discount)
-  #           errors.add("membership_discount", "has expired")
-  #         end
-  #       end
-  #
-  #       def validate_on_update
-  #         errors.add_to_base("No changes have occurred") if unchanged_attributes?
-  #       end
-  #   end
-  #
-  #   person = Person.new("first_name" => "David", "phone_number" => "what?")
-  #   person.save                         # => false (and doesn't do the save)
-  #   person.errors.empty?                # => false
-  #   person.errors.count                 # => 2
-  #   person.errors.on "last_name"        # => "can't be empty"
-  #   person.errors.on "phone_number"     # => "has invalid format"
-  #   person.errors.each_full { |msg| puts msg }
-  #                                       # => "Last name can't be empty\n" +
-  #                                            "Phone number has invalid format"
-  #
-  #   person.attributes = { "last_name" => "Heinemeier", "phone_number" => "555-555" }
-  #   person.save # => true (and person is now saved in the database)
-  #
-  # An +Errors+ object is automatically created for every Active Record.
-  #
-  # Please do have a look at ActiveRecord::Validations::ClassMethods for a higher level of validations.
-  module Validations
-    VALIDATIONS = %w( validate validate_on_create validate_on_update )
-
-    def self.included(base) # :nodoc:
-      base.extend ClassMethods
-      base.class_eval do
-        alias_method_chain :save, :validation
-        alias_method_chain :save!, :validation
-        alias_method_chain :update_attribute, :validation_skipping
-      end
-    end
-
-    # All of the following validations are defined in the class scope of the model that you're interested in validating.
-    # They offer a more declarative way of specifying when the model is valid and when it is not. It is recommended to use
-    # these over the low-level calls to validate and validate_on_create when possible.
-    module ClassMethods
-      DEFAULT_VALIDATION_OPTIONS = {
-        :on => :save,
-        :allow_nil => false,
-        :message => nil
-      }.freeze
-
-      ALL_RANGE_OPTIONS = [ :is, :within, :in, :minimum, :maximum ].freeze
-
-      def validate(*methods, &block)
-        methods << block if block_given?
-        write_inheritable_set(:validate, methods)
-      end
-
-      def validate_on_create(*methods, &block)
-        methods << block if block_given?
-        write_inheritable_set(:validate_on_create, methods)
-      end
-
-      def validate_on_update(*methods, &block)
-        methods << block if block_given?
-        write_inheritable_set(:validate_on_update, methods)
-      end
-
-      def condition_block?(condition)
-        condition.respond_to?("call") && (condition.arity == 1 || condition.arity == -1)
-      end
-
-      # Determine from the given condition (whether a block, procedure, method or string)
-      # whether or not to validate the record.  See #validates_each.
-      def evaluate_condition(condition, record)
-        case condition
-          when Symbol: record.send(condition)
-          when String: eval(condition, binding)
-          else
-            if condition_block?(condition)
-              condition.call(record)
-            else
-              raise(
-                ActiveRecordError,
-                "Validations need to be either a symbol, string (to be eval'ed), proc/method, or " +
-                "class implementing a static validation method"
-              )
-            end
-          end
-      end
-
-      # Validates each attribute against a block.
-      #
-      #   class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     validates_each :first_name, :last_name do |record, attr, value|
-      #       record.errors.add attr, 'starts with z.' if value[0] == ?z
-      #     end
-      #   end
-      #
-      # Options:
-      # * <tt>on</tt> - Specifies when this validation is active (default is :save, other options :create, :update)
-      # * <tt>allow_nil</tt> - Skip validation if attribute is nil.
-      # * <tt>if</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to determine if the validation should
-      # occur (e.g. :if => :allow_validation, or :if => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step > 2 }).  The
-      # method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
-      def validates_each(*attrs)
-        options = attrs.last.is_a?(Hash) ? attrs.pop.symbolize_keys : {}
-        attrs   = attrs.flatten
-
-        # Declare the validation.
-        send(validation_method(options[:on] || :save)) do |record|
-          # Don't validate when there is an :if condition and that condition is false
-          unless options[:if] && !evaluate_condition(options[:if], record)
-            attrs.each do |attr|
-              value = record.send(attr)
-              next if value.nil? && options[:allow_nil]
-              yield record, attr, value
-            end
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Encapsulates the pattern of wanting to validate a password or email address field with a confirmation. Example:
-      #
-      #   Model:
-      #     class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #       validates_confirmation_of :user_name, :password
-      #       validates_confirmation_of :email_address, :message => "should match confirmation"
-      #     end
-      #
-      #   View:
-      #     <%= password_field "person", "password" %>
-      #     <%= password_field "person", "password_confirmation" %>
-      #
-      # The person has to already have a password attribute (a column in the people table), but the password_confirmation is virtual.
-      # It exists only as an in-memory variable for validating the password. This check is performed only if password_confirmation
-      # is not nil and by default on save.
-      #
-      # Configuration options:
-      # * <tt>message</tt> - A custom error message (default is: "doesn't match confirmation")
-      # * <tt>on</tt> - Specifies when this validation is active (default is :save, other options :create, :update)
-      # * <tt>if</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to determine if the validation should
-      # occur (e.g. :if => :allow_validation, or :if => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step > 2 }).  The
-      # method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
-      def validates_confirmation_of(*attr_names)
-        configuration = { :message => ActiveRecord::Errors.default_error_messages[:confirmation], :on => :save }
-        configuration.update(attr_names.pop) if attr_names.last.is_a?(Hash)
-
-        attr_accessor *(attr_names.map { |n| "#{n}_confirmation" })
-
-        validates_each(attr_names, configuration) do |record, attr_name, value|
-          record.errors.add(attr_name, configuration[:message]) unless record.send("#{attr_name}_confirmation").nil? or value == record.send("#{attr_name}_confirmation")
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Encapsulates the pattern of wanting to validate the acceptance of a terms of service check box (or similar agreement). Example:
-      #
-      #   class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     validates_acceptance_of :terms_of_service
-      #     validates_acceptance_of :eula, :message => "must be abided"
-      #   end
-      #
-      # The terms_of_service attribute is entirely virtual. No database column is needed. This check is performed only if
-      # terms_of_service is not nil and by default on save.
-      #
-      # Configuration options:
-      # * <tt>message</tt> - A custom error message (default is: "must be accepted")
-      # * <tt>on</tt> - Specifies when this validation is active (default is :save, other options :create, :update)
-      # * <tt>allow_nil</tt> - Skip validation if attribute is nil. (default is true)
-      # * <tt>accept</tt> - Specifies value that is considered accepted.  The default value is a string "1", which
-      # makes it easy to relate to an HTML checkbox.
-      # * <tt>if</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to determine if the validation should
-      # occur (e.g. :if => :allow_validation, or :if => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step > 2 }).  The
-      # method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
-      def validates_acceptance_of(*attr_names)
-        configuration = { :message => ActiveRecord::Errors.default_error_messages[:accepted], :on => :save, :allow_nil => true, :accept => "1" }
-        configuration.update(attr_names.pop) if attr_names.last.is_a?(Hash)
-
-        attr_accessor *attr_names
-
-        validates_each(attr_names,configuration) do |record, attr_name, value|
-          record.errors.add(attr_name, configuration[:message]) unless value == configuration[:accept]
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Validates that the specified attributes are not blank (as defined by Object#blank?). Happens by default on save. Example:
-      #
-      #   class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     validates_presence_of :first_name
-      #   end
-      #
-      # The first_name attribute must be in the object and it cannot be blank.
-      #
-      # If you want to validate the presence of a boolean field (where the real values are true and false),
-      # you will want to use validates_inclusion_of :field_name, :in => [true, false]
-      # This is due to the way Object#blank? handles boolean values. false.blank? # => true
-      #
-      # Configuration options:
-      # * <tt>message</tt> - A custom error message (default is: "can't be blank")
-      # * <tt>on</tt> - Specifies when this validation is active (default is :save, other options :create, :update)
-      # * <tt>if</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to determine if the validation should
-      # occur (e.g. :if => :allow_validation, or :if => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step > 2 }).  The
-      # method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
-      #
-      # === Warning
-      # Validate the presence of the foreign key, not the instance variable itself.
-      # Do this:
-      #  validates_presence_of :invoice_id
-      #
-      # Not this:
-      #  validates_presence_of :invoice
-      #
-      # If you validate the presence of the associated object, you will get
-      # failures on saves when both the parent object and the child object are
-      # new.
-      def validates_presence_of(*attr_names)
-        configuration = { :message => ActiveRecord::Errors.default_error_messages[:blank], :on => :save }
-        configuration.update(attr_names.pop) if attr_names.last.is_a?(Hash)
-
-        # can't use validates_each here, because it cannot cope with nonexistent attributes,
-        # while errors.add_on_empty can
-        attr_names.each do |attr_name|
-          send(validation_method(configuration[:on])) do |record|
-            unless configuration[:if] and not evaluate_condition(configuration[:if], record)
-              record.errors.add_on_blank(attr_name,configuration[:message])
-            end
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Validates that the specified attribute matches the length restrictions supplied. Only one option can be used at a time:
-      #
-      #   class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     validates_length_of :first_name, :maximum=>30
-      #     validates_length_of :last_name, :maximum=>30, :message=>"less than %d if you don't mind"
-      #     validates_length_of :fax, :in => 7..32, :allow_nil => true
-      #     validates_length_of :user_name, :within => 6..20, :too_long => "pick a shorter name", :too_short => "pick a longer name"
-      #     validates_length_of :fav_bra_size, :minimum=>1, :too_short=>"please enter at least %d character"
-      #     validates_length_of :smurf_leader, :is=>4, :message=>"papa is spelled with %d characters... don't play me."
-      #   end
-      #
-      # Configuration options:
-      # * <tt>minimum</tt> - The minimum size of the attribute
-      # * <tt>maximum</tt> - The maximum size of the attribute
-      # * <tt>is</tt> - The exact size of the attribute
-      # * <tt>within</tt> - A range specifying the minimum and maximum size of the attribute
-      # * <tt>in</tt> - A synonym(or alias) for :within
-      # * <tt>allow_nil</tt> - Attribute may be nil; skip validation.
-      #
-      # * <tt>too_long</tt> - The error message if the attribute goes over the maximum (default is: "is too long (maximum is %d characters)")
-      # * <tt>too_short</tt> - The error message if the attribute goes under the minimum (default is: "is too short (min is %d characters)")
-      # * <tt>wrong_length</tt> - The error message if using the :is method and the attribute is the wrong size (default is: "is the wrong length (should be %d characters)")
-      # * <tt>message</tt> - The error message to use for a :minimum, :maximum, or :is violation.  An alias of the appropriate too_long/too_short/wrong_length message
-      # * <tt>on</tt> - Specifies when this validation is active (default is :save, other options :create, :update)
-      # * <tt>if</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to determine if the validation should
-      # occur (e.g. :if => :allow_validation, or :if => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step > 2 }).  The
-      # method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
-      def validates_length_of(*attrs)
-        # Merge given options with defaults.
-        options = {
-          :too_long     => ActiveRecord::Errors.default_error_messages[:too_long],
-          :too_short    => ActiveRecord::Errors.default_error_messages[:too_short],
-          :wrong_length => ActiveRecord::Errors.default_error_messages[:wrong_length]
-        }.merge(DEFAULT_VALIDATION_OPTIONS)
-        options.update(attrs.pop.symbolize_keys) if attrs.last.is_a?(Hash)
-
-        # Ensure that one and only one range option is specified.
-        range_options = ALL_RANGE_OPTIONS & options.keys
-        case range_options.size
-          when 0
-            raise ArgumentError, 'Range unspecified.  Specify the :within, :maximum, :minimum, or :is option.'
-          when 1
-            # Valid number of options; do nothing.
-          else
-            raise ArgumentError, 'Too many range options specified.  Choose only one.'
-        end
-
-        # Get range option and value.
-        option = range_options.first
-        option_value = options[range_options.first]
-
-        case option
-          when :within, :in
-            raise ArgumentError, ":#{option} must be a Range" unless option_value.is_a?(Range)
-
-            too_short = options[:too_short] % option_value.begin
-            too_long  = options[:too_long]  % option_value.end
-
-            validates_each(attrs, options) do |record, attr, value|
-              if value.nil? or value.split(//).size < option_value.begin
-                record.errors.add(attr, too_short)
-              elsif value.split(//).size > option_value.end
-                record.errors.add(attr, too_long)
-              end
-            end
-          when :is, :minimum, :maximum
-            raise ArgumentError, ":#{option} must be a nonnegative Integer" unless option_value.is_a?(Integer) and option_value >= 0
-
-            # Declare different validations per option.
-            validity_checks = { :is => "==", :minimum => ">=", :maximum => "<=" }
-            message_options = { :is => :wrong_length, :minimum => :too_short, :maximum => :too_long }
-
-            message = (options[:message] || options[message_options[option]]) % option_value
-
-            validates_each(attrs, options) do |record, attr, value|
-              if value.kind_of?(String)
-                record.errors.add(attr, message) unless !value.nil? and value.split(//).size.method(validity_checks[option])[option_value]
-              else
-                record.errors.add(attr, message) unless !value.nil? and value.size.method(validity_checks[option])[option_value]
-              end
-            end
-        end
-      end
-
-      alias_method :validates_size_of, :validates_length_of
-
-
-      # Validates whether the value of the specified attributes are unique across the system. Useful for making sure that only one user
-      # can be named "davidhh".
-      #
-      #   class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     validates_uniqueness_of :user_name, :scope => :account_id
-      #   end
-      #
-      # It can also validate whether the value of the specified attributes are unique based on multiple scope parameters.  For example,
-      # making sure that a teacher can only be on the schedule once per semester for a particular class.
-      #
-      #   class TeacherSchedule < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     validates_uniqueness_of :teacher_id, :scope => [:semester_id, :class_id]
-      #   end
-      #
-      # When the record is created, a check is performed to make sure that no record exists in the database with the given value for the specified
-      # attribute (that maps to a column). When the record is updated, the same check is made but disregarding the record itself.
-      #
-      # Configuration options:
-      # * <tt>message</tt> - Specifies a custom error message (default is: "has already been taken")
-      # * <tt>scope</tt> - One or more columns by which to limit the scope of the uniquness constraint.
-      # * <tt>case_sensitive</tt> - Looks for an exact match.  Ignored by non-text columns (true by default).
-      # * <tt>allow_nil</tt> - If set to true, skips this validation if the attribute is null (default is: false)
-      # * <tt>if</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to determine if the validation should
-      # occur (e.g. :if => :allow_validation, or :if => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step > 2 }).  The
-      # method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
-      def validates_uniqueness_of(*attr_names)
-        configuration = { :message => ActiveRecord::Errors.default_error_messages[:taken], :case_sensitive => true }
-        configuration.update(attr_names.pop) if attr_names.last.is_a?(Hash)
-
-        validates_each(attr_names,configuration) do |record, attr_name, value|
-          if value.nil? || (configuration[:case_sensitive] || !columns_hash[attr_name.to_s].text?)
-            condition_sql = "#{record.class.table_name}.#{attr_name} #{attribute_condition(value)}"
-            condition_params = [value]
-          else
-            condition_sql = "LOWER(#{record.class.table_name}.#{attr_name}) #{attribute_condition(value)}"
-            condition_params = [value.downcase]
-          end
-          if scope = configuration[:scope]
-            Array(scope).map do |scope_item|
-              scope_value = record.send(scope_item)
-              condition_sql << " AND #{record.class.table_name}.#{scope_item} #{attribute_condition(scope_value)}"
-              condition_params << scope_value
-            end
-          end
-          unless record.new_record?
-            condition_sql << " AND #{record.class.table_name}.#{record.class.primary_key} <> ?"
-            condition_params << record.send(:id)
-          end
-          if record.class.find(:first, :conditions => [condition_sql, *condition_params])
-            record.errors.add(attr_name, configuration[:message])
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-
-      # Validates whether the value of the specified attribute is of the correct form by matching it against the regular expression
-      # provided.
-      #
-      #   class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     validates_format_of :email, :with => /\A([^@\s]+)@((?:[-a-z0-9]+\.)+[a-z]{2,})\Z/i, :on => :create
-      #   end
-      #
-      # Note: use \A and \Z to match the start and end of the string, ^ and $ match the start/end of a line.
-      #
-      # A regular expression must be provided or else an exception will be raised.
-      #
-      # Configuration options:
-      # * <tt>message</tt> - A custom error message (default is: "is invalid")
-      # * <tt>with</tt> - The regular expression used to validate the format with (note: must be supplied!)
-      # * <tt>on</tt> Specifies when this validation is active (default is :save, other options :create, :update)
-      # * <tt>if</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to determine if the validation should
-      # occur (e.g. :if => :allow_validation, or :if => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step > 2 }).  The
-      # method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
-      def validates_format_of(*attr_names)
-        configuration = { :message => ActiveRecord::Errors.default_error_messages[:invalid], :on => :save, :with => nil }
-        configuration.update(attr_names.pop) if attr_names.last.is_a?(Hash)
-
-        raise(ArgumentError, "A regular expression must be supplied as the :with option of the configuration hash") unless configuration[:with].is_a?(Regexp)
-
-        validates_each(attr_names, configuration) do |record, attr_name, value|
-          record.errors.add(attr_name, configuration[:message]) unless value.to_s =~ configuration[:with]
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Validates whether the value of the specified attribute is available in a particular enumerable object.
-      #
-      #   class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     validates_inclusion_of :gender, :in=>%w( m f ), :message=>"woah! what are you then!??!!"
-      #     validates_inclusion_of :age, :in=>0..99
-      #   end
-      #
-      # Configuration options:
-      # * <tt>in</tt> - An enumerable object of available items
-      # * <tt>message</tt> - Specifies a customer error message (default is: "is not included in the list")
-      # * <tt>allow_nil</tt> - If set to true, skips this validation if the attribute is null (default is: false)
-      # * <tt>if</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to determine if the validation should
-      # occur (e.g. :if => :allow_validation, or :if => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step > 2 }).  The
-      # method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
-      def validates_inclusion_of(*attr_names)
-        configuration = { :message => ActiveRecord::Errors.default_error_messages[:inclusion], :on => :save }
-        configuration.update(attr_names.pop) if attr_names.last.is_a?(Hash)
-
-        enum = configuration[:in] || configuration[:within]
-
-        raise(ArgumentError, "An object with the method include? is required must be supplied as the :in option of the configuration hash") unless enum.respond_to?("include?")
-
-        validates_each(attr_names, configuration) do |record, attr_name, value|
-          record.errors.add(attr_name, configuration[:message]) unless enum.include?(value)
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Validates that the value of the specified attribute is not in a particular enumerable object.
-      #
-      #   class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     validates_exclusion_of :username, :in => %w( admin superuser ), :message => "You don't belong here"
-      #     validates_exclusion_of :age, :in => 30..60, :message => "This site is only for under 30 and over 60"
-      #   end
-      #
-      # Configuration options:
-      # * <tt>in</tt> - An enumerable object of items that the value shouldn't be part of
-      # * <tt>message</tt> - Specifies a customer error message (default is: "is reserved")
-      # * <tt>allow_nil</tt> - If set to true, skips this validation if the attribute is null (default is: false)
-      # * <tt>if</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to determine if the validation should
-      # occur (e.g. :if => :allow_validation, or :if => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step > 2 }).  The
-      # method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
-      def validates_exclusion_of(*attr_names)
-        configuration = { :message => ActiveRecord::Errors.default_error_messages[:exclusion], :on => :save }
-        configuration.update(attr_names.pop) if attr_names.last.is_a?(Hash)
-
-        enum = configuration[:in] || configuration[:within]
-
-        raise(ArgumentError, "An object with the method include? is required must be supplied as the :in option of the configuration hash") unless enum.respond_to?("include?")
-
-        validates_each(attr_names, configuration) do |record, attr_name, value|
-          record.errors.add(attr_name, configuration[:message]) if enum.include?(value)
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Validates whether the associated object or objects are all valid themselves. Works with any kind of association.
-      #
-      #   class Book < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     has_many :pages
-      #     belongs_to :library
-      #
-      #     validates_associated :pages, :library
-      #   end
-      #
-      # Warning: If, after the above definition, you then wrote:
-      #
-      #   class Page < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     belongs_to :book
-      #
-      #     validates_associated :book
-      #   end
-      #
-      # ...this would specify a circular dependency and cause infinite recursion.
-      #
-      # NOTE: This validation will not fail if the association hasn't been assigned. If you want to ensure that the association
-      # is both present and guaranteed to be valid, you also need to use validates_presence_of.
-      #
-      # Configuration options:
-      # * <tt>on</tt> Specifies when this validation is active (default is :save, other options :create, :update)
-      # * <tt>if</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to determine if the validation should
-      # occur (e.g. :if => :allow_validation, or :if => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step > 2 }).  The
-      # method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
-      def validates_associated(*attr_names)
-        configuration = { :message => ActiveRecord::Errors.default_error_messages[:invalid], :on => :save }
-        configuration.update(attr_names.pop) if attr_names.last.is_a?(Hash)
-
-        validates_each(attr_names, configuration) do |record, attr_name, value|
-          record.errors.add(attr_name, configuration[:message]) unless
-            (value.is_a?(Array) ? value : [value]).all? { |r| r.nil? or r.valid? }
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Validates whether the value of the specified attribute is numeric by trying to convert it to
-      # a float with Kernel.Float (if <tt>integer</tt> is false) or applying it to the regular expression
-      # <tt>/\A[\+\-]?\d+\Z/</tt> (if <tt>integer</tt> is set to true).
-      #
-      #   class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     validates_numericality_of :value, :on => :create
-      #   end
-      #
-      # Configuration options:
-      # * <tt>message</tt> - A custom error message (default is: "is not a number")
-      # * <tt>on</tt> Specifies when this validation is active (default is :save, other options :create, :update)
-      # * <tt>only_integer</tt> Specifies whether the value has to be an integer, e.g. an integral value (default is false)
-      # * <tt>allow_nil</tt> Skip validation if attribute is nil (default is false). Notice that for fixnum and float columns empty strings are converted to nil
-      # * <tt>if</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to determine if the validation should
-      # occur (e.g. :if => :allow_validation, or :if => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step > 2 }).  The
-      # method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
-      def validates_numericality_of(*attr_names)
-        configuration = { :message => ActiveRecord::Errors.default_error_messages[:not_a_number], :on => :save,
-                           :only_integer => false, :allow_nil => false }
-        configuration.update(attr_names.pop) if attr_names.last.is_a?(Hash)
-
-        if configuration[:only_integer]
-          validates_each(attr_names,configuration) do |record, attr_name,value|
-            record.errors.add(attr_name, configuration[:message]) unless record.send("#{attr_name}_before_type_cast").to_s =~ /\A[+-]?\d+\Z/
-          end
-        else
-          validates_each(attr_names,configuration) do |record, attr_name,value|
-           next if configuration[:allow_nil] and record.send("#{attr_name}_before_type_cast").nil?
-            begin
-              Kernel.Float(record.send("#{attr_name}_before_type_cast").to_s)
-            rescue ArgumentError, TypeError
-              record.errors.add(attr_name, configuration[:message])
-            end
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-
-      # Creates an object just like Base.create but calls save! instead of save
-      # so an exception is raised if the record is invalid.
-      def create!(attributes = nil)
-        if attributes.is_a?(Array)
-          attributes.collect { |attr| create(attr) }
-        else
-          object = new(attributes)
-          object.save!
-          object
-        end
-      end
-
-
-      private
-        def write_inheritable_set(key, methods)
-          existing_methods = read_inheritable_attribute(key) || []
-          write_inheritable_attribute(key, existing_methods | methods)
-        end
-
-        def validation_method(on)
-          case on
-            when :save   then :validate
-            when :create then :validate_on_create
-            when :update then :validate_on_update
-          end
-        end
-    end
-
-    # The validation process on save can be skipped by passing false. The regular Base#save method is
-    # replaced with this when the validations module is mixed in, which it is by default.
-    def save_with_validation(perform_validation = true)
-      if perform_validation && valid? || !perform_validation
-        save_without_validation
-      else
-        false
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Attempts to save the record just like Base#save but will raise a RecordInvalid exception instead of returning false
-    # if the record is not valid.
-    def save_with_validation!
-      if valid?
-        save_without_validation!
-      else
-        raise RecordInvalid.new(self)
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Updates a single attribute and saves the record without going through the normal validation procedure.
-    # This is especially useful for boolean flags on existing records. The regular +update_attribute+ method
-    # in Base is replaced with this when the validations module is mixed in, which it is by default.
-    def update_attribute_with_validation_skipping(name, value)
-      send(name.to_s + '=', value)
-      save(false)
-    end
-
-    # Runs validate and validate_on_create or validate_on_update and returns true if no errors were added otherwise false.
-    def valid?
-      errors.clear
-
-      run_validations(:validate)
-      validate
-
-      if new_record?
-        run_validations(:validate_on_create)
-        validate_on_create
-      else
-        run_validations(:validate_on_update)
-        validate_on_update
-      end
-
-      errors.empty?
-    end
-
-    # Returns the Errors object that holds all information about attribute error messages.
-    def errors
-      @errors ||= Errors.new(self)
-    end
-
-    protected
-      # Overwrite this method for validation checks on all saves and use Errors.add(field, msg) for invalid attributes.
-      def validate #:doc:
-      end
-
-      # Overwrite this method for validation checks used only on creation.
-      def validate_on_create #:doc:
-      end
-
-      # Overwrite this method for validation checks used only on updates.
-      def validate_on_update # :doc:
-      end
-
-    private
-      def run_validations(validation_method)
-        validations = self.class.read_inheritable_attribute(validation_method.to_sym)
-        if validations.nil? then return end
-        validations.each do |validation|
-          if validation.is_a?(Symbol)
-            self.send(validation)
-          elsif validation.is_a?(String)
-            eval(validation, binding)
-          elsif validation_block?(validation)
-            validation.call(self)
-          elsif validation_class?(validation, validation_method)
-            validation.send(validation_method, self)
-          else
-            raise(
-              ActiveRecordError,
-              "Validations need to be either a symbol, string (to be eval'ed), proc/method, or " +
-              "class implementing a static validation method"
-            )
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      def validation_block?(validation)
-        validation.respond_to?("call") && (validation.arity == 1 || validation.arity == -1)
-      end
-
-      def validation_class?(validation, validation_method)
-        validation.respond_to?(validation_method)
-      end
-  end
-end