awetestlib 0.1.28 → 0.1.29pre1

data/lib/awetestlib/regression/browser.rb

@@ -1,1375 +1,1380 @@
-module Awetestlib
-  # Awetest DSL for browser based testing.
-  module Regression
-    # Methods to manage browser windows: open, close, attach, verify health, and clean up.
-    module Browser
-
-      #def run   #DO WE NEED? Use this method to tell user they need to create a run method?
-      ## Not here in any case.
-      #  setup
-      #  set_script_variables
-      #  run_test
-      #rescue
-      #  fatal_to_log("(#{__LINE__})  #{$!}")
-      #  browser.close
-      #  raise
-      #end
-
-      # @!group Browser
-
-      # @note webdriver specific - still work in progress
-      def go_to_wd_url(browser, url)
-
-        Watir::Browser.class_eval do
-          def goto(uri)
-            uri = "http://#{uri}" unless uri =~ URI.regexp
-            @driver.navigate.to uri
-            run_checkers
-          end
-        end
-        browser.goto(url)
-
-        #in basic_auth1 edit:
-        #a = Thread.new {
-        #    goto_wd_url(browser, @myURL)
-        #  }
-
-      end
-
-      alias goto_wd_url go_to_wd_url
-
-      # Open a browser based on the command line parameters that identify the browser and
-      # version to use for the test.
-      # @example
-      #  browser = open_browser('www.google.com')
-      # @param [String, Regexp] url When provided, the browser will go to this url.
-      # @return [Watir::Browser]
-      def open_browser(url = nil)
-        message_to_report("Opening browser: #{@targetBrowser.name}")
-        case @targetBrowser.abbrev
-          when 'IE'
-            @myBrowser = open_ie
-            if @myBrowser.class.to_s == "Watir::IE"
-              @myHwnd = @myBrowser.hwnd
-            end
-          when 'FF'
-            @myBrowser = open_ff_for_version
-          when 'S'
-            aBrowser = Watir::Browser.new :safari
-            @myBrowser = aBrowser
-          when 'C', 'GC'
-            @myBrowser = open_chrome
-          else
-            raise "Unsupported browser: #{@targetBrowser.name}"
-        end
-        if url
-          go_to_url(@myBrowser, url)
-        end
-        @myBrowser
-      end
-
-      # Open IE (Internet Explorer) browser instance.
-      # If global variable $watir_script is set to true in the first line of the script,
-      # classic Watir will be used to drive the browser,
-      # otherwise Watir Webdriver will be used.
-      # @return [Watir::Browser]
-      def open_ie
-        if $watir_script
-          browser = Watir::IE.new
-        else
-          browser = Watir::Browser.new :ie
-        end
-        browser
-      end
-
-      # Open FF (Firefox) browser instance.
-      # @param [Fixnum] version A number designating the version of the browser to be opened.
-      # @return [Watir::Browser, Firewatir::Browser]
-      # Returns Firewatir::Browser if target browser is Firefox version less than 4.0
-      def open_ff_for_version(version = @targetVersion)
-        browser = Watir::Browser.new :firefox
-      end
-
-      # Open FF (Firefox) browser instance under FireWatir.
-      # @return [Firewatir::Browser]
-      def open_ff
-        # Watir::Browser.default = 'firefox'
-        browser = Watir::Browser.new :firefox
-      end
-
-      # Open GC (Google Chrome) browser instance.
-      # @return [Watir::Browser] Browser is Google Chrome.
-      def open_chrome
-        browser = Watir::Browser.new(:chrome)
-      end
-
-      # Instruct browser to navigate to a specific URL
-      # @param [Watir::Browser] browser A reference to the browser window or container element to be tested.
-      # @param [String] url When provided, the browser will go to this url.
-      # and the instance variable @myURL will be set to this value.
-      # @return [Boolean] True when navigation to url succeeds.
-      def go_to_url(browser, url = nil)
-        if url
-          @myURL = url
-        end
-        message_to_report("URL: #{@myURL}")
-        browser.goto(@myURL)
-        true
-      rescue
-        fatal_to_log("Unable to navigate to '#{@myURL}': '#{$!}'")
-      end
-
-      # Return a reference to a browser window.  Used to attach a browser window to a variable
-      # which can then be passed to methods that require a *browser* parameter.
-      # @example
-      #  mainwindow = open_browser('www.google.com')
-      #  click(mainwindow, :button, :id, 'an id string')  # click a button that opens another browser window
-      #  popup = attach_browser(mainwindow, :url, '[url of new window]')   #*or*
-      #  popup = attach_browser(mainwindow, :title, '[title of new window]')
-      # @todo Update to work with webdriver for IE.
-      # @param [Watir::Browser] browser A reference to the current browser window.
-      # @param [Symbol] how The element attribute used to identify the window: *:title* or :url.
-      # @param [String|Regexp] what A string or a regular expression to be found in the *how* attribute that uniquely identifies the element.
-      # @param [String] desc Contains a message or description intended to appear in the log and/or report output
-      # @return [Watir::Browser] Internet Explorer
-      def attach_browser(browser, how, what, desc = '')
-        debug_to_log("Attaching browser window :#{how}=>'#{what}' #{desc}")
-        uri_decoded_pattern = ::URI.encode(what.to_s.gsub('(?-mix:', '').gsub(')', ''))
-
-        if $watir_script
-          tmpbrowser = Watir::IE.attach(how, what)
-          browser.visible = true
-          if tmpbrowser
-            tmpbrowser.visible = true
-            tmpbrowser.speed   = :fast
-          else
-            raise "Browser window :#{how}=>'#{what}' has at least one doc not in completed ready state."
-          end
-        else
-          browser.driver.switch_to.window(browser.driver.window_handles[0])
-          browser.window(how, /#{uri_decoded_pattern}/).use
-          tmpbrowser = browser
-        end
-
-        # case @browserAbbrev
-        #   when 'IE'
-        #     tmpbrowser      = Watir::IE.attach(how, what)
-        #     browser.visible = true
-        #     if tmpbrowser
-        #       tmpbrowser.visible = true
-        #       tmpbrowser.speed   = :fast
-        #     else
-        #       raise "Browser window :#{how}=>'#{what}' has at least one doc not in completed ready state."
-        #     end
-        #   when 'FF'
-        #     #TODO: This may be dependent on Firefox version if webdriver doesn't support 3.6.17 and below
-        #     browser.driver.switch_to.window(browser.driver.window_handles[0])
-        #     browser.window(how, /#{uri_decoded_pattern}/).use
-        #     tmpbrowser = browser
-        #   when 'S'
-        #     Watir::Safari.attach(how, what)
-        #     tmpbrowser = browser
-        #   when 'C', 'GC'
-        #     browser.window(how, /#{uri_decoded_pattern}/).use
-        #     tmpbrowser = browser
-        # end
-
-
-        debug_to_log("#{__method__}: tmpbrowser:#{tmpbrowser.inspect}")
-        tmpbrowser
-      end
-
-
-      # Returns a reference to a new browser window.  Used to attach a new browser window to a variable
-      # which can then be passed to methods that require a *browser* parameter. Calls attach_browser().
-      # @example
-      #  mainwindow = open_browser('www.google.com')
-      #  click(mainwindow, :button, :id, 'an id string')  # click a button that opens another browser window
-      #  popup = attach_popup(mainwindow, :url, '[url of new window]') *or*
-      #  popup = attach_popup(mainwindow, :title, '[title of new window]')
-      # @param [Watir::Browser] browser A reference to the current browser window.
-      # @param [Symbol] how The element attribute used to identify the window: *:title* or :url.
-      # @param [String, Regexp] what A string or a regular expression to be found in the *how* attribute that uniquely identifies the element.
-      # @param [String] desc Contains a message or description intended to appear in the log and/or report output
-      # @return [Watir::Browser] The new browser window.
-      def attach_popup(browser, how, what, desc = '')
-        msg   = "Attach popup :#{how}=>'#{what}'. #{desc}"
-        popup = attach_browser(browser, how, what, desc)
-        sleep_for(1)
-        debug_to_log("#{popup.inspect}")
-        if is_browser?(popup)
-          title = popup.title
-          passed_to_log("#{msg} title='#{title}'")
-          return popup
-        else
-          failed_to_log(msg)
-        end
-      rescue
-        failed_to_log("Unable to attach popup :#{how}=>'#{what}'. #{desc} '#{$!}' (#{__LINE__})")
-      end
-
-      # Locate and close instances of IE browsers
-      def find_other_browsers
-        cnt = 0
-        if @targetBrowser.abbrev == 'IE'
-          Watir::IE.each do |ie|
-            debug_to_log("#{ie.inspect}")
-            ie.close()
-            cnt = cnt + 1
-          end
-        end
-        debug_to_log("Found #{cnt} IE browser(s).")
-        return cnt
-      rescue
-        error_to_log("#{$!}  (#{__LINE__})\n#{Kernel.caller.to_yaml}", __LINE__)
-        return 0
-      end
-
-      # @!endgroup Browser
-
-      # @!group Login
-
-      # Simple login method
-      # @param [Watir::Browser] browser A reference to the browser window or container element to be tested.
-      # @param [String] user Login ID for the user.
-      # @param [String] password Password for the user.
-      # @return [Boolean] True if login succeeds.
-      def login(browser, user, password)
-        #TODO: Needs to be more flexible about finding login id and password textfields
-        #TODO: Parameterize url and remove references to environment
-        myURL  = @myAppEnv.url
-        runenv = @myAppEnv.nodename
-        message_tolog("URL: #{myURL}") if @myAppEnv
-        message_tolog("Beginning login: User: #{user} Environment: #{@myAppEnv.nodename}") if @myAppEnv
-        if validate(browser, @myName, __LINE__)
-          browser.goto(@myAppEnv.url)
-          if validate(browser, @myName)
-            set_textfield_by_name(browser, 'loginId', user)
-            set_textfield_by_name(browser, 'password', password)
-            click_button_by_value(browser, 'Login')
-            if validate(browser, @myName)
-              passed_to_log("Login successful.")
-              true
-            end
-          else
-            failed_to_log("Unable to login to application: '#{$!}'")
-            #screen_capture( "#{@myRoot}/screens/#{myName}_#{@runid}_#{__LINE__.to_s}_#{Time.new.to_f.to_s}.jpg")
-          end
-        end
-      rescue
-        failed_to_log("Unable to login to application: '#{$!}'")
-      end
-
-      # Logon to webpage using Basic Authorization type of logon. Uses AutoIt
-      # @param [Watir::Browser] browser A reference to the browser window or container element to be tested.
-      # @param [String] user Login ID for the user.
-      # @param [String] password Password for the user.
-      # @param [String] url The URL to log on to.
-      # @param [Boolean] bypass_validate When set to true, the call to validate(),
-      # which checks the health of the browser, is skipped..
-      def basic_auth(browser, user, password, url, bypass_validate = false)
-        mark_testlevel("Basic Authorization Login", 0)
-
-        message_to_report ("Login:    #{user}")
-        message_to_report ("URL:      #{url}")
-        message_to_report ("Password: #{password}")
-
-        @login_title = "Connect to"
-
-        a = Thread.new {
-          browser.goto(url)
-        }
-
-        sleep_for(2)
-        message_to_log("#{@login_title}...")
-
-        if (@ai.WinWait(@login_title, "", 90) > 0)
-          win_title = @ai.WinGetTitle(@login_title)
-          debug_to_log("Basic Auth Login window appeared: '#{win_title}'")
-          @ai.WinActivate(@login_title)
-          @ai.ControlSend(@login_title, '', "[CLASS:Edit; INSTANCE:2]", '!u')
-          @ai.ControlSend(@login_title, '', "[CLASS:Edit; INSTANCE:2]", user, 1)
-          @ai.ControlSend(@login_title, '', "[CLASS:Edit; INSTANCE:3]", password.gsub(/!/, '{!}'), 1)
-          @ai.ControlClick(@login_title, "", '[CLASS:Button; INSTANCE:1]')
-        else
-          debug_to_log("Basic Auth Login window did not appear.")
-        end
-        a.join
-
-        validate(browser, @myName) unless bypass_validate
-
-        message_to_report("URL: [#{browser.url}] User: [#{user}]")
-
-      end
-
-      # Provide an authorization token or passcode in a specified text field element identified by its *:id* attribute.
-      # @param [Watir::Browser] browser A reference to the browser window or container element to be tested.
-      # @param [String] role Usually a user role designation ('Administrator', 'User', etc.)
-      # @param [String] token Authentification token required by logon process.
-      # @param [String/Regexp] id Value of the *:id* attribute of the text field that will receive the *token*.
-      def token_auth(browser, role, token, id = 'token_pass')
-        set_textfield_by_id(browser, id, token)
-        click_button_by_value(browser, 'Continue')
-        if validate_text(browser, 'The requested page requires authentication\.\s*Please enter your Passcode below', nil, true)
-          bail_out(browser, __LINE__, "Token authorization failed on '#{token}'")
-        end
-      end
-
-      # @!endgroup Logon
-
-      # @!group Error Handling
-
-      # Exit more or less gracefully from script when errors are too severe to continue.
-      # Normally not called in a test script or project library.
-      # @param [Watir::Browser] browser A reference to the browser window or container element to be tested.
-      # @param [Fixnum] lnbr Line number in calling script.
-      # @param [String] desc Contains a message or description intended to appear in the log and/or report output
-      #
-      def bail_out(browser, lnbr, desc)
-        ts  = Time.new
-        msg = "Bailing out at util line #{lnbr} #{ts} " + desc
-        puts "#{msg}"
-        fatal_to_log(msg, lnbr)
-        debug_to_log(dump_caller(lnbr))
-        if is_browser?(browser)
-          if @browserAbbrev == 'IE'
-            hwnd = browser.hwnd
-            kill_browser(hwnd, lnbr, browser)
-            raise(RuntimeError, msg, caller)
-          elsif @browserAbbrev == 'FF'
-            debug_to_log("#{browser.inspect}")
-            debug_to_log("#{browser.to_s}")
-            raise(RuntimeError, msg, caller)
-          end
-        end
-        @status = 'bailout'
-        raise(RuntimeError, msg, caller)
-      end
-
-
-      # Check for the presence of IE browser instances.
-      # @return [Fixnum] The number of IE browser instances encountered.
-      def check_for_other_browsers
-        cnt1 = find_other_browsers
-        cnt2 = Watir::Process.count 'iexplore.exe'
-        debug_to_log("check_for_other_browsers: cnt1: #{cnt1} cnt2: #{cnt2}")
-      rescue
-        error_to_log("#{$!}  (#{__LINE__})\n#{Kernel.caller.to_yaml}")
-      end
-
-      # Check for the presence of IE browser instances and close all that are found.
-      def check_for_and_clear_other_browsers
-        if @targetBrowser.abbrev == 'IE'
-          debug_to_log("#{__method__}:")
-          cnt1 = find_other_browsers
-          cnt2 = Watir::IE.process_count
-          debug_to_log("#{__method__}: cnt1: #{cnt1} cnt2: #{cnt2}")
-          begin
-            Watir::IE.each do |ie|
-              pid = Watir::IE::Process.process_id_from_hwnd(ie.hwnd)
-              debug_to_log("#{__method__}: Killing browser process: hwnd #{ie.hwnd} pid #{pid} title '#{ie.title}' (#{__LINE__})")
-              do_taskkill(INFO, pid)
-              sleep_for(10)
-            end
-              #Watir::IE.close_all()
-          rescue
-            debug_to_log("#{__method__}: #{$!}  (#{__LINE__})")
-          end
-          sleep(3)
-          cnt1 = find_other_browsers
-          cnt2 = Watir::IE.process_count
-          if cnt1 > 0 or cnt2 > 0
-            debug_to_log("#{__method__}:cnt1: #{cnt1} cnt2: #{cnt2}")
-            begin
-              Watir::IE.each do |ie|
-                pid = Watir::IE::Process.process_id_from_hwnd(ie.hwnd)
-                debug_to_log("#{__method__}: Killing browser process: hwnd #{ie.hwnd} pid #{pid} title '#{ie.title}' (#{__LINE__})")
-                do_taskkill(INFO, pid)
-                sleep_for(10)
-              end
-                #Watir::IE.close_all()
-            rescue
-              debug_to_log("#{__method__}:#{$!}  (#{__LINE__})")
-            end
-          end
-        end
-      rescue
-        error_to_log("#{__method__}: #{$!}  (#{__LINE__})\n#{Kernel.caller.to_yaml}")
-      end
-
-      # Force browser instance to close, one way or the other.
-      # Instance is identified by *hwnd*, the Windows OS handle for the process.
-      # @param [String] hwnd The value for the window handle for the browser process.
-      # @param [Fixnum] lnbr Line number in calling script.
-      # @param [Watir::Browser] browser A reference to the browser window or container element to be closed.
-      def kill_browser(hwnd, lnbr, browser = nil, doflag = false)
-        # TODO Firefox
-        logit = false
-        if @browserAbbrev == 'FF'
-          if is_browser?(browser) # and browser.url.length > 1
-            logit = true
-            here  = __LINE__
-            url   = browser.url
-            #capture_screen(browser, Time.new.to_f) if @screenCaptureOn
-            browser.close if url.length > 0
-            @status = 'killbrowser'
-            fatal_to_log("Kill browser called from line #{lnbr}")
-          end
-        elsif hwnd
-          pid = Watir::IE::Process.process_id_from_hwnd(hwnd)
-          if pid and pid > 0 and pid < 538976288
-            if browser.exists?
-              here  = __LINE__
-              logit = true
-              url   = browser.url
-              #capture_screen(browser, Time.new.to_f) if @screenCaptureOn
-              browser.close
-              sleep(2)
-              if browser.exists?
-                do_taskkill(FATAL, pid)
-              end
-              @status = 'killbrowser'
-            end
-          end
-          if logit
-             debug_to_log("#{@browserName} window hwnd #{hwnd} pid #{pid} #{url} (#{here})")
-             fatal_to_log("Kill browser called from line #{lnbr}")
-           end
-         end
-       end
-
-      # @!endgroup Error Handling
-
-      # @!group Browser
-
-      # Use enabled_popup and winclicker to determine if there is an active modal popup.
-      # Useful only when no wait action has been invoked.
-      # @param [Watir::Browser] browser A reference to the browser window or container element to be tested.
-      # @param [String] button The visible name of the button to be clicked to close the popup.
-      # @return [String] containing the window handle of the closed modal popup.
-      def modal_exists?(browser, button = nil)
-        rtrn = nil
-        if @browserAbbrev == 'IE'
-          Timeout::timeout(2) do
-            begin
-              if browser.enabled_popup
-                hwnd = browser.enabled_popup(5)
-                debug_to_log("Modal popup with handle #{hwnd} found. (#{__LINE__})")
-                wc = WinClicker.new
-                wc.makeWindowActive(hwnd)
-                rtrn = wc.getWindowTitle(hwnd)
-                if button
-                  wc.clickWindowsButton_hWnd(hwnd, button)
-                end
-                wc = nil
-              end
-            rescue Timeout::Error
-              debug_to_log("No Modal popup found. (#{__LINE__})")
-              return rtrn
-            end
-            return rtrn
-          end
-          rtrn
-        else
-          rtrn
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Close a browser window identified by its title.
-      # Uses AutoIt. Windows only.
-      # @param [Watir::Browser] browser A reference to the browser window or container element to be tested.
-      # @param [String] title The title of the window to be closed.  Matched from beginning of string.
-      # @param [String] desc Contains a message or description intended to appear in the log and/or report output
-      # @param [String] text (optional) The text of the window to be closed.  Matched from beginning of string.
-      def close_window_by_title(browser, title, desc = '', text = '')
-        msg = "Window '#{title}':"
-        if @ai.WinWait(title, text, WAIT) > 0
-          passed_to_log("#{msg} appeared. #{desc}")
-          myHandle  = @ai.WinGetHandle(title, text)
-          full_text = @ai.WinGetText(title)
-          debug_to_log("#{msg} hwnd: #{myHandle.inspect}")
-          debug_to_log("#{msg} title: '#{title}' text: '#{full_text}'")
-          if @ai.WinClose(title, text) > 0
-            passed_to_log("#{msg} closed successfully. #{desc}")
-          else
-            failed_to_log("#{msg} close failed. (#{__LINE__}) #{desc}")
-          end
-        else
-          failed_to_log("#{msg} did not appear after #{WAIT} seconds. (#{__LINE__}) #{desc}")
-        end
-      rescue
-        failed_to_log("#{msg}: Unable to close: '#{$!}'. (#{__LINE__}) #{desc}")
-      end
-
-      # Closes main browser session. Misnamed. Usually used at end of script to shut down browser.
-      def logout(browser, where = @myName, lnbr = __LINE__)
-        #TODO Firewatir 1.6.5 does not implement .exists for FireWatir::Firefox class
-        debug_to_log("Logging out in #{where} at line #{lnbr}.", lnbr, true)
-        debug_to_log("#{__method__}: browser: #{browser.inspect} (#{__LINE__})")
-
-        if ['FF', 'S'].include?(@browserAbbrev) || browser.exists?
-          case @browserAbbrev
-            when 'FF'
-              if is_browser?(browser)
-                url   = browser.url
-                title = browser.title
-                debug_to_log("#{__method__}: Firefox browser url: [#{url}]")
-                debug_to_log("#{__method__}: Firefox browser title: [#{title}]")
-                debug_to_log("#{__method__}: Closing browser: #{where} (#{lnbr})")
-                if url and url.length > 1
-                  browser.close
-                else
-                  browser = FireWatir::Firefox.attach(:title, title)
-                  browser.close
-                end
-
-              end
-            when 'IE'
-              hwnd = browser.hwnd
-              pid  = Watir::IE::Process.process_id_from_hwnd(hwnd)
-              debug_to_log("#{__method__}: Closing browser: hwnd #{hwnd} pid #{pid} #{where} (#{lnbr}) (#{__LINE__})")
-              browser.close
-              if browser.exists? and pid > 0 and pid < 538976288 # value of uninitialized memory location
-                debug_to_log("Retry close browser: hwnd #{hwnd} pid #{pid} #{where} #{lnbr} (#{__LINE__})")
-                browser.close
-              end
-              if browser.exists? and pid > 0 and pid < 538976288 # value of uninitialized memory location
-                kill_browser(browser.hwnd, __LINE__, browser)
-              end
-            when 'S'
-              if is_browser?(browser)
-                url   = browser.url
-                title = browser.title
-                debug_to_log("Safari browser url: [#{url}]")
-                debug_to_log("Safari browser title: [#{title}]")
-                debug_to_log("Closing browser: #{where} (#{lnbr})")
-                close_modal_s # to close any leftover modal dialogs
-                browser.close
-              end
-            when 'C', 'GC'
-              if is_browser?(browser)
-                url   = browser.url
-                title = browser.title
-                debug_to_log("Chrome browser url: [#{url}]")
-                debug_to_log("Chrome browser title: [#{title}]")
-                debug_to_log("Closing browser: #{where} (#{lnbr})")
-                if url and url.length > 1
-                  browser.close
-                  #else
-                  #browser = FireWatir::Firefox.attach(:title, title)
-                  #browser.close
-                end
-
-              end
-            else
-              raise "Unsupported browser: '#{@browserAbbrev}'"
-          end
-        end
-        #  rescue => e
-        #    if not e.is_a?(Vapir::WindowGoneException)
-        #      raise e
-        #    end
-      end
-
-      # Close a browser popup window. Does not apply to modal popups.
-      # @param [Watir::Browser] popup Reference to the popup to be closed
-      def close_new_window_popup(popup)
-        if is_browser?(popup)
-          url = popup.url
-          debug_to_log("Closing popup '#{url}' ")
-          popup.close
-
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Close an HTML panel or division by clicking a link within it identified by the *:text* value of the link.
-      # @param [Watir::Browser] browser A reference to the browser window or container element to be tested.
-      # @param [Watir::Browser] panel Reference to the panel (usually a div element) to be closed
-      def close_panel_by_text(browser, panel, what = 'Close')
-        if validate(browser, @myName, __LINE__)
-          if @browserAbbrev == 'IE'
-            panel.link(:text, what).click!
-          elsif $USE_FIREWATIR
-            begin
-              panel.link(:text, what).click
-            rescue => e
-              unless rescue_me(e, __method__, rescue_me_command(:link, :id, what, :click), "#{panel.class}")
-                raise e
-              end
-            end
-          else
-            panel.link(:text, what).click(:wait => false)
-          end
-          sleep_for(1)
-          if validate(browser, @myName, __LINE__)
-            passed_to_log("Panel '#{what}' (by :text) closed.")
-            true
-          end
-        else
-          failed_to_log("Panel '#{strg}' (by :text) still open.")
-        end
-      rescue
-        failed_to_log("Click on '#{strg}'(by :text) failed: '#{$!}' (#{__LINE__})")
-      end
-
-      #def close_modal_ie(title, button = "OK", text = '', side = 'primary', wait = WAIT, desc = '', quiet = false)
-      #  #TODO needs simplifying and debug code cleaned up
-      #  title = translate_popup_title(title)
-      #  msg   = "'#{title}'"
-      #  msg << " with text '#{text}'" if text.length > 0
-      #  msg << " (#{desc})" if desc.length > 0
-      #  @ai.Opt("WinSearchChildren", 1) # Match any substring in the title
-      #  if @ai.WinWait(title, text, wait) > 0
-      #    myHandle  = @ai.WinGetHandle(title, text)
-      #    full_text = @ai.WinGetText(title)
-      #    #debug_to_report("Found popup handle:'#{myHandle}', title:'#{title}', text:'#{full_text}'")
-      #    if myHandle.length > 0
-      #      debug_to_log("hwnd: #{myHandle.inspect}")
-      #      passed_to_log("#{msg} appeared.") unless quiet
-      #      sleep_for(0.5)
-      #      @ai.WinActivate(title, text)
-      #      if @ai.WinActive(title, text) #  > 0   #Hack to prevent fail when windows session locked
-      #        debug_to_log("#{msg} activated.")
-      #        if @ai.ControlFocus(title, text, button) #  > 0
-      #          controlHandle = @ai.ControlGetHandle(title, '', "[CLASS:Button; TEXT:#{button}]")
-      #          if not controlHandle
-      #            button        = "&#{button}"
-      #            controlHandle = @ai.ControlGetHandle(title, '', "[CLASS:Button; TEXT:#{button}]")
-      #          end
-      #          debug_to_log("Handle for button '#{button}': [#{controlHandle}]")
-      #          debug_to_log("#{msg} focus gained.")
-      #          #              sleep_for(2)
-      #          if @ai.ControlClick(title, text, button, side) # > 0
-      #                                                         #            if @ai.ControlClick(title, text, "[Handle:#{controlHandle}]", side) > 0
-      #                                                         #                debug_to_log("#{msg} #{side} click on 'Handle:#{controlHandle}'." )
-      #            debug_to_log("#{msg} #{side} click on '#{button}' successful.")
-      #            sleep_for(1)
-      #            if @ai.WinExists(title, text) > 0
-      #              debug_to_log("#{msg} close popup failed on click '#{button}'. Trying WinClose. (#{__LINE__})")
-      #              @ai.WinClose(title, text)
-      #              if @ai.WinExists(title, text) > 0
-      #                debug_to_log("#{msg} close popup failed with WinClose('#{title}','#{text}'). (#{__LINE__})")
-      #                @ai.WinKill(title, text)
-      #                if @ai.WinExists(title, text) > 0
-      #                  debug_to_log("#{msg} close popup failed with WinKill('#{title}','#{text}'). (#{__LINE__})")
-      #                else
-      #                  debug_to_log("#{msg} closed successfully with WinKill('#{title}','#{text}').")
-      #                end
-      #              else
-      #                debug_to_log("#{msg} closed successfully with WinClose('#{title}','#{text}').")
-      #              end
-      #            else
-      #              passed_to_log("#{msg} closed successfully.") unless quiet
-      #            end
-      #          else
-      #            failed_to_log("#{msg} #{side} click on '#{button}' failed. (#{__LINE__})")
-      #          end
-      #        else
-      #          failed_to_log("#{msg} Unable to gain focus on button (#{__LINE__})")
-      #        end
-      #      else
-      #        failed_to_log("#{msg} Unable to activate (#{__LINE__})")
-      #      end
-      #    else
-      #      failed_to_log("#{msg} did not appear after #{wait} seconds. (#{__LINE__})")
-      #    end
-      #  else
-      #    failed_to_log("#{msg} did not appear after #{wait} seconds. (#{__LINE__})")
-      #  end
-      #rescue
-      #  failed_to_log("Close popup title=#{title} failed: '#{$!}' (#{__LINE__})")
-      #end
-
-      # Close an browser window (popup) by clicking a link within it identified by the *:text* value of the link.
-      # @param [Watir::Browser] popup A reference to the browser window or container element to be closed.
-      # @param [String] what Uniquely identify the *:link* element within the popup by the value in its *:text* attribute.
-      # @param [String] desc Contains a message or description intended to appear in the log and/or report output
-      def close_popup_by_text(popup, what = 'Close', desc = '')
-        count = 0
-        url   = popup.url
-        if validate(popup, @myName, __LINE__)
-          count = string_count_in_string(popup.text, what)
-          if count > 0
-            begin
-              popup.link(:text, what).click
-            rescue => e
-              unless rescue_me(e, __method__, rescue_me_command(:link, :text, what, :click), "#{popup.class}")
-                raise e
-              end
-            end
-            passed_to_log("Popup #{url} closed by clicking link with text '#{what}'. #{desc}")
-            true
-          else
-            failed_to_log("Link :text=>'#{what}' for popup #{url} not found. #{desc}")
-          end
-        end
-      rescue
-        failed_to_log("Close popup #{url} with click link :text+>'#{what}' failed: '#{$!}' (#{__LINE__})")
-        debug_to_log("#{strg} appears #{count} times in popup.text.")
-        raise
-      end
-
-      # Close a modal dialog.
-      # @param [Watir::Browser] browser A reference to the browser window or container element to be tested.
-      # @param [String] title The title of the window to be closed.  Matched from beginning of string.
-      # @param [String] button The display name of the button to be clicked.
-      # @param [String] text The text of the window to be closed.  Matched from beginning of string.
-      # @param [String] side A string identifying which mouse button to click.
-      # @param [Fixnum] wait Number of seconds to wait for the popup to be seen.
-      def close_modal(browser, title="", button="OK", text='', side = 'primary', wait = WAIT)
-        case @targetBrowser.abbrev
-          when 'IE'
-            close_modal_ie(browser, title, button, text, side, wait)
-          when 'FF'
-            close_modal_ff(browser, title, button, text, side)
-          when 'S'
-            close_modal_s
-          when 'C', 'GC'
-            close_modal_c(browser, title)
-        end
-      end
-
-    # TODO: Logging
-      # Close a Chrome modal popup by :url.
-      def close_modal_c(browser, url)
-        browser.window(:url, url).close
-      end
-
-    # TODO: Logging
-      # Close a Safari modal popup by closing the frontmost Safari dialog.  MacOS only
-      def close_modal_s
-        # simply closes the frontmost Safari dialog
-        Appscript.app("Safari").activate; Appscript.app("System Events").processes["Safari"].key_code(52)
-      end
-
-      # Close an IE modal popup by its title.
-      # @param [Watir::Browser] browser A reference to the browser window or container element to be tested.
-      # @param [String] title The title of the window to be closed.  Matched from beginning of string.
-      # @param [String] button The display name of the button to be clicked.
-      # @param [String] text The text of the window to be closed.  Matched from beginning of string.
-      # @param [String] side A string identifying which mouse button to click.
-      # @param [Fixnum] wait Number of seconds to wait for the popup to be seen.
-      # @param [String] desc Contains a message or description intended to appear in the log and/or report output
-      # @param [Boolean] quiet If true, fewer messages and pass/fail validations are logged.
-      def close_modal_ie(browser, title="", button="OK", text='', side = 'primary', wait = WAIT, desc = '', quiet = false)
-        #TODO needs simplifying, incorporating text verification, and debug code cleaned up
-        title = translate_popup_title(title)
-        msg   = "Modal window (popup) '#{title}'"
-        if @ai.WinWait(title, text, wait)
-          myHandle = @ai.WinGetHandle(title, text)
-          if myHandle.length > 0
-            debug_to_log("hwnd: #{myHandle.inspect}")
-            passed_to_log("#{msg} appeared.") unless quiet
-            window_handle = "[HANDLE:#{myHandle}]"
-            sleep_for(0.5)
-            @ai.WinActivate(window_handle)
-            if @ai.WinActive(window_handle)
-              debug_to_log("#{msg} activated.")
-              controlHandle = @ai.ControlGetHandle(title, '', "[CLASS:Button; TEXT:#{button}]")
-              if not controlHandle.length > 0
-                button        = "&#{button}"
-                controlHandle = @ai.ControlGetHandle(title, '', "[CLASS:Button; TEXT:#{button}]")
-              end
-              debug_to_log("Handle for button '#{button}': [#{controlHandle}]")
-              debug_to_log("#{msg} focus gained.")
-              if @ai.ControlClick(title, '', "[CLASS:Button; TEXT:#{button}]")
-                passed_to_log("#{msg} #{side} click on '[CLASS:Button; TEXT:#{button}]' successful.")
-                sleep_for(0.5)
-                if @ai.WinExists(window_handle)
-                  debug_to_log("#{msg} close popup failed on click '#{button}'. Trying WinClose. (#{__LINE__})")
-                  @ai.WinClose(title, text)
-                  if @ai.WinExists(window_handle)
-                    debug_to_log("#{msg} close popup failed with WinClose(#{window_handle}). (#{__LINE__})")
-                    @ai.WinKill(window_handle)
-                    if @ai.WinExists(window_handle)
-                      debug_to_log("#{msg} close popup failed with WinKill(#{window_handle}). (#{__LINE__})")
-                    else
-                      debug_to_log("#{msg} closed successfully with WinKill(#{window_handle}).")
-                    end
-                  else
-                    debug_to_log("#{msg} closed successfully with WinClose(#{window_handle}).")
-                  end
-                else
-                  passed_to_log("#{msg} closed successfully.")
-                end
-              else
-                failed_to_log("#{msg} #{side} click on '[CLASS:Button; TEXT:#{button}]' failed. (#{window_handle}) (#{__LINE__})")
-              end
-            else
-              failed_to_log("#{msg} Unable to activate (#{window_handle}) (#{__LINE__})")
-            end
-          else
-            failed_to_log("#{msg} did not appear after #{wait} seconds. (#{window_handle}) (#{__LINE__})")
-          end
-        else
-          failed_to_log("#{msg} did not appear after #{wait} seconds.(#{window_handle}) (#{__LINE__})")
-        end
-      rescue
-        failed_to_log("Close popup title=#{title} failed: '#{$!}' (#{__LINE__})")
-      end
-
-      #alias close_popup_validate_text close_modal_ie
-      #alias close_popup close_modal_ie
-
-      #  private :close_modal_ie
-
-      # Close an IE modal popup by its title. Calls close_modal_ie.
-      # @deprecated Use close_modal.
-      # @param [String] title The title of the window to be closed.  Matched from beginning of string.
-      # @param [String] button The display name of the button to be clicked.
-      # @param [String] text The text of the window to be closed.  Matched from beginning of string.
-      # @param [String] side A string identifying which mouse button to click.
-      # @param [Fixnum] wait Number of seconds to wait for the popup to be seen.
-      # @param [String] desc Contains a message or description intended to appear in the log and/or report output
-      # @param [Boolean] quiet If true, fewer messages and pass/fail validations are logged.
-      def close_popup(title = '', button = 'OK', text = '', side = 'primary',
-                      wait = WAIT, desc = '', quiet = false)
-        debug_to_log("#{__method__} begin")
-        close_modal_ie(@myBrowser, title, button, text, side, wait, desc, quiet)
-      end
-
-      alias close_popup_validate_text close_popup
-
-      # Close a Firefox modal popup by its title.
-      # @param [Watir::Browser] browser A reference to the browser window or container element to be tested.
-      # @param [String] title The title of the window to be closed.  Matched from beginning of string.
-      # @param [String] button The display name of the button to be clicked.
-      # @param [String] text The text of the window to be closed.  Matched from beginning of string.
-      # @param [String] side A string identifying which mouse button to click.
-      # @return [Boolean] True if the modal is successfully closed.
-      def close_modal_ff(browser, title="", button=nil, text='', side='')
-        title = translate_popup_title(title)
-        msg   = "Modal dialog (popup): title=#{title} button='#{button}' text='#{text}' side='#{side}':"
-        modal = browser.modal_dialog(:timeout => WAIT)
-        if modal.exists?
-          modal_text = modal.text
-          if text.length > 0
-            if modal_text =~ /#{text}/
-              passed_to_log("#{msg} appeared with match on '#{text}'.")
-            else
-              failed_to_log("#{msg} appeared but did not match '#{text}' ('#{modal_text}).")
-            end
-          else
-            passed_to_log("#{msg} appeared.")
-          end
-          if button
-            modal.click_button(button)
-          else
-            modal.close
-          end
-          if modal.exists?
-            failed_to_log("#{msg} close failed. (#{__LINE__})")
-          else
-            passed_to_log("#{msg} closed successfully.")
-            true
-          end
-        else
-          failed_to_log("#{msg} did not appear after #{WAIT} seconds. (#{__LINE__})")
-        end
-      rescue
-        failed_to_log("#{msg} Unable to validate modal popup: '#{$!}'. (#{__LINE__})")
-      end
-
-      # Wait for a modal popup to appear and then close it.
-      # Used when modal popup in response to browser action is intermittent or unpredictable.
-      # @param [String] title The title of the window to be closed.  Matched from beginning of string.
-      # @param [String] text The text of the window to be closed.  Matched from beginning of string.
-      # @param [String] button The display name of the button to be clicked.
-      # @param [String] side A string identifying which mouse button to click.
-      # @param [Fixnum] wait Number of seconds to wait for the popup to be seen.
-      # @param [String] desc Contains a message or description intended to appear in the log and/or report output
-      # @return [Boolean] True if the modal is successfully closed.
-      def handle_popup(title, text = '', button= 'OK', side = 'primary', wait = WAIT, desc = '')
-        title = translate_popup_title(title)
-        msg   = "'#{title}'"
-        if text.length > 0
-          msg << " with text '#{text}'"
-        end
-        @ai.Opt("WinSearchChildren", 1) # match title from start, forcing default
-
-        if button and button.length > 0
-          if button =~ /ok|yes/i
-            id = '1'
-          else
-            id = '2'
-          end
-        else
-          id = ''
-        end
-
-        if @ai.WinWait(title, '', wait) > 0
-          myHandle      = @ai.WinGetHandle(title, '')
-          window_handle = "[HANDLE:#{myHandle}]"
-          full_text     = @ai.WinGetText(window_handle)
-          debug_to_log("Found popup handle:'#{myHandle}', title:'#{title}', text:'#{full_text}'")
-
-          controlHandle = @ai.ControlGetHandle(window_handle, '', "[CLASS:Button; TEXT:#{button}]")
-          if not controlHandle
-    #        button        = "&#{button}"
-            controlHandle = @ai.ControlGetHandle(window_handle, '', "[CLASS:Button; TEXT:&#{button}]")
-          end
-
-          if text.length > 0
-            if full_text =~ /#{text}/
-              passed_to_log("Found popup handle:'#{myHandle}', title:'#{title}', text includes '#{text}'. #{desc}")
-            else
-              failed_to_log("Found popup handle:'#{myHandle}', title:'#{title}', text does not include '#{text}'. Closing it. #{desc}")
-            end
-          end
-
-          @ai.WinActivate(window_handle, '')
-          @ai.ControlClick(window_handle, '', id, side)
-          if @ai.WinExists(title, '') > 0
-            debug_to_log("#{msg} @ai.ControlClick on '#{button}' (ID:#{id}) with handle '#{window_handle}' failed to close window. Trying title.")
-            @ai.ControlClick(title, '', id, side)
-            if @ai.WinExists(title, '') > 0
-              debug_to_report("#{msg} @ai.ControlClick on '#{button}' (ID:#{id}) with title '#{title}' failed to close window.  Forcing closed.")
-              @ai.WinClose(title, '')
-              if @ai.WinExists(title, '') > 0
-                debug_to_report("#{msg} @ai.WinClose on title '#{title}' failed to close window.  Killing window.")
-                @ai.WinKill(title, '')
-                if @ai.WinExists(title, '') > 0
-                  failed_to_log("#{msg} @ai.WinKill on title '#{title}' failed to close window")
-                else
-                  passed_to_log("Killed: popup handle:'#{myHandle}', title:'#{title}'. #{desc}")
-                  true
-                end
-              else
-                passed_to_log("Forced closed: popup handle:'#{myHandle}', title:'#{title}'. #{desc}")
-                true
-              end
-            else
-              passed_to_log("Closed on '#{button}': popup handle:'#{myHandle}', title:'#{title}'. #{desc}")
-              true
-            end
-          else
-            passed_to_log("Closed on '#{button}': popup handle:'#{myHandle}', title:'#{title}'. #{desc}")
-            true
-          end
-
-        else
-          failed_to_log("#{msg} did not appear after #{wait} seconds. #{desc} (#{__LINE__})")
-        end
-      rescue
-        failed_to_log("Unable to handle popup #{msg}: '#{$!}' #{desc} (#{__LINE__})")
-
-      end
-
-      # Return a reference to an IE browser window based on one of its attributes.
-      # @param [Watir::Browser] browser A reference to the browser window or container element to be tested.
-      # @param [Symbol] how The element attribute used to identify the window: :url, :title, or :hwnd.
-      # @param [String, Regexp] what A string or a regular expression to be found in the *how* attribute that uniquely identifies the element.
-      # @param [String] desc Contains a message or description intended to appear in the log and/or report output
-      # @return [Watir::IE] A reference to the popup.
-      def find_popup(browser, how, what, desc = '')
-        msg   = "Find popup :#{how}=>'#{what}'. #{desc}"
-        popup = Watir::IE.find(how, what) # TODO: too browser specific
-        sleep_for(1)
-        debug_to_log("#{popup.inspect}")
-        if is_browser?(popup)
-    #      title = popup.title
-          passed_to_log(msg)
-          return popup
-        else
-          failed_to_log(msg)
-        end
-      rescue
-        failed_to_log("Unable to find popup :#{how}=>'#{what}'. #{desc} '#{$!}' (#{__LINE__})")
-      end
-
-      # Confirm that the object passed in *browser* is actually a Browser object.
-      # @param [Watir::Browser] browser A reference to the window or container element to be tested.
-      def is_browser?(browser)
-        myClass = browser.class.to_s
-        case @targetBrowser.abbrev
-          when 'IE'
-            myClass =~ /Watir::IE|Watir::Browser/i
-          when 'FF'
-            myClass =~ /Watir::Browser/i
-          when 'S'
-            myClass =~ /Watir::Browser/i
-          when 'C'
-            myClass =~ /Watir::Browser/i
-        end
-      end
-
-      alias is_browser is_browser?
-
-      # Translate window title supplied in *title* to a title appropriate for the targeted browser and version
-      # actually being run.
-      # Used primarily for handling of modal popups and dialogs.
-      # This allows cross-browser compatibility for handling modal popups and other windows accessed by titlt.
-      # @param [String] title The title of the window to be closed.
-      def translate_popup_title(title)
-        new_title = title
-        case @browserAbbrev
-          when 'IE'
-            if @browserVersion
-              case @browserVersion
-                when '8.0'
-                  case title
-                    when "Microsoft Internet Explorer"
-                      new_title = "Message from webpage"
-                    when "The page at"
-                      new_title = "Message from webpage"
-                  end
-                when '7.0'
-                  case title
-                    when "Message from webpage"
-                      new_title = "Microsoft Internet Explorer"
-                    when "The page at"
-                      new_title = "Windows Internet Explorer"
-                  end
-                when '6.0'
-                  case title
-                    when "Message from webpage"
-                      new_title = "Microsoft Internet Explorer"
-                    when "The page at"
-                      new_title = "Microsoft Internet Explorer"
-                  end
-                else
-                  case title
-                    when "Microsoft Internet Explorer"
-                      new_title = "Message from webpage"
-                    when "The page at"
-                      new_title = "Message from webpage"
-                  end
-              end
-            else
-              case title
-                when "Microsoft Internet Explorer"
-                  new_title = "Message from webpage"
-                when "The page at"
-                  new_title = "Message from webpage"
-              end
-            end
-          when 'FF'
-            case title
-              when 'File Download'
-                new_title = 'Opening'
-              when "Microsoft Internet Explorer"
-                new_title = 'The page at'
-              when "Message from webpage"
-                new_title = 'The page at'
-            end
-          when 'C'
-            case title
-              when 'File Download'
-                new_title = 'Save As'
-              when "Microsoft Internet Explorer"
-                new_title = 'The page at'
-              when "Message from webpage"
-                new_title = 'The page at'
-            end
-        end
-        new_title
-      end
-
-      # Identify the exact version of the Browser currently being executed.
-      # @todo Bring up to date with newer browser versions
-      # @param [Watir::Browser] browser A reference to the browser window or container element to be tested.
-      def get_browser_version(browser)
-        debug_to_log("starting get_browser_version")
-        case @targetBrowser.abbrev
-          when 'IE'
-            @browserAbbrev  = 'IE'
-            @browserName    = 'Internet Explorer'
-            if $watir_script
-              @browserAppInfo = browser.document.invoke('parentWindow').navigator.appVersion
-            else
-              @browserAppInfo = browser.execute_script("return navigator.userAgent;")
-            end
-            @browserAppInfo =~ /MSIE\s(.*?);/
-            @browserVersion = $1
-          when 'FF'
-            @browserAbbrev  = 'FF'
-            @browserName    = 'Firefox'
-            @browserVersion = '6.01' #TODO: get actual version from browser
-            @browserAppInfo = browser.execute_script("return navigator.userAgent;")
-            debug_to_log("#{@browserName}, @browserAppInfo: (#{@browserAppInfo})")
-          when 'S'
-            @browserAbbrev  = 'S'
-            @browserName    = 'Safari'
-            @browserVersion = '5.0.4' #TODO: get actual version from browser itself
-            @browserAppInfo = browser.execute_script("return navigator.userAgent;")
-            debug_to_log("#{@browserName}, @browserAppInfo: (#{@browserAppInfo})")
-          when 'C'
-            @browserAbbrev  = 'C'
-            @browserName    = 'Chrome'
-            @browserVersion = '11.0' #TODO: get actual version from browser
-            @browserAppInfo = browser.execute_script("return navigator.userAgent;")
-            debug_to_log("#{@browserName}, @browserAppInfo: (#{@browserAppInfo})")
-        end
-      rescue
-        debug_to_log("Unable to determine #{@browserAbbrev} browser version: '#{$!}' (#{__LINE__})")
-      ensure
-        message_to_log("Browser: [#{@browserAbbrev} #{@browserVersion}]")
-      end
-
-      protected :get_browser_version
-
-      #def filter_bailout_from_rescue(err, msg)
-      #  if msg =~ /bailing out/i
-      #    raise err
-      #  else
-      #    error_to_log(msg)
-      #  end
-      #end
-
-      # @!group Browser
-
-      # Open and attach a browser popup window where the link to open it and its title contain the same string.
-      # @deprecated
-      def open_popup_through_link_title(browser, title, pattern, name)
-        click_title(browser, title)
-        #TODO need some kind of wait for process here
-        sleep_for 2
-        attach_popup_by_url(browser, pattern, name)
-      rescue
-        failed_to_log("Unable to open popup '#{name}': '#{$!}' (#{__LINE__})")
-      end
-
-      # @!group Error Handling
-
-      # Verifies health of the browser. Looks for common http and system errors that are unrecoverable and
-      # attempts to gracefully bail out of the script.
-      # Calls rescue_me() when trying to capture the text to filter out known false errors
-      # and handle container elements that don't respond to the .text method.
-      # @param [Watir::Browser] browser A reference to the browser window or container element to be tested.
-      # @param [String] file_name The file name of the executing script.
-      # @param [Fixnum] lnbr Contains a message or description intended to appear in the log and/or report output
-      # @param [Boolean] dbg If set to true additional debug messages are written to the log.
-      #
-      # @return [Boolean] True if no error conditions have been encountered.
-      def validate(browser, file_name = @myName, lnbr = "#{__LINE__}", dbg = false)
-        debug_to_log("#{__method__} begin") if dbg
-        msg  = ''
-        myOK = true
-        if not browser
-          msg  = "#{file_name}----browser is nil object. (#{lnbr})"
-          myOK = false
-        elsif not browser.class.to_s =~ /Watir/
-          msg = "#{file_name}----not a Watir object. (#{lnbr})"
-          debug_to_log(browser.inspect)
-          myOK = false
-
-        else
-          if browser.respond_to?(:url)
-            if not browser.url == @currentURL
-              @currentURL = browser.url
-              debug_to_log("Current URL: [#{@currentURL}]")
-              #        mark_testlevel( "Current URL: [#{@currentURL}]", 1 )
-            end
-          end
-
-          if @capture_js_errors
-            if browser.respond_to?(:status)
-              if browser.status.downcase =~ /errors? on page/ and
-                  not browser.status.downcase.include?('Waiting for')
-                capture_js_error(browser)
-              end
-            end
-          end
-
-          begin
-            browser_text = browser.text.downcase
-          rescue => e
-            unless rescue_me(e, __method__, "browser.text.downcase", "#{browser.class}", browser)
-              debug_to_log("browser.text.downcase in #{__method__} #{browser.class}")
-              debug_to_log("#{get_callers}")
-              raise e
-            else
-              return true
-            end
-          end
-
-          if browser_text
-            if browser_text.match(/unrecognized error condition has occurred/i)
-              msg  = "#{file_name}----Unrecognized Exception occurred. (#{lnbr})"
-              myOK = false
-
-            elsif browser_text.match(/cannot find server or dns error/i)
-              msg  = "#{file_name}----Cannot find server error or DNS error. (#{lnbr})"
-              myOK = false
-
-            elsif browser_text.match(/the rpc server is unavailable/i)
-              msg  = "#{file_name}----RPC server unavailable. (#{lnbr})"
-              myOK = false
-
-            elsif browser_text.match(/404 not found/i) or
-                browser_text.match(/the page you were looking for does\s*n[o']t exist/i)
-              msg  = "#{file_name}----RFC 2068 HTTP/1.1: 404 URI Not Found. (#{lnbr})"
-              myOK = false
-
-            elsif browser_text.match(/we're sorry, but something went wrong/i) or
-                browser_text.match(/http status 500/i)
-              msg  = "#{file_name}----RFC 2068 HTTP/1.1: 500 Internal Server Error. (#{lnbr})"
-              myOK = false
-
-            elsif browser_text.match(/internet explorer cannot display the webpage/i)
-              msg  = "#{file_name}----Probably RFC 2068 HTTP/1.1: 500 Internal Server Error. (#{lnbr})"
-              myOK = false
-
-            elsif browser_text.match(/503.*service unavailable/i)
-              msg  = "#{file_name}----RFC 2068 HTTP/1.1: 503 Service Unavailable. (#{lnbr})"
-              myOK = false
-
-            elsif browser_text.match(/java.lang.NullPointerException/i)
-              msg  = "#{file_name}----java.lang.NullPointerException. (#{lnbr})"
-              myOK = false
-
-            elsif browser_text.match(/due to unscheduled maintenance/i)
-              msg  = "#{file_name}----Due to unscheduled maintenance. (#{lnbr})"
-              myOK = false
-
-            elsif browser_text.match(/network\s+error\s*(.+)$/i)
-              $1.chomp!
-              msg  = "#{file_name}----Network Error #{$1}. (#{lnbr})"
-              myOK = false
-
-            elsif browser_text.match(/warning: page has expired/i)
-              msg  = "#{file_name}----Page using information from form has expired. Not automatically resubmitted. (#{lnbr})"
-              myOK = false
-
-            elsif browser_text.match(/no backend server available/i)
-              msg  = "#{file_name}----Cannot Reach Server (#{lnbr})"
-              myOK = false
-
-            elsif browser_text.match(/sign on\s+.+\s+unsuccessful/i)
-              msg  = "#{file_name}----Invalid Id or Password (#{lnbr})"
-              myOK = false
-
-            elsif browser_text.match(/you are not authorized/i)
-              msg  = "#{file_name}----Not authorized to view this page. (#{lnbr})"
-              myOK = false
-
-            elsif browser_text.match(/too many incorrect login attempts have been made/i)
-              msg  = "#{file_name}----Invalid Id or Password. Too many tries. (#{lnbr})"
-              myOK = false
-
-            elsif browser_text.match(/system error\.\s+an error has occurred/i)
-              msg  = "#{file_name}----System Error. An error has occurred. Please try again or call the Help Line for assistance. (#{lnbr})"
-              myOK = false
-
-            elsif browser_text.match(/Internal Server failure,\s+NSAPI plugin/i)
-              msg  = "#{file_name}----Internal Server failure, NSAPI plugin. (#{lnbr})"
-              myOK = false
-
-            elsif browser_text.match(/Error Page/i)
-              msg  = "#{file_name}----Error Page. (#{lnbr})"
-              myOK = false
-
-            elsif browser_text.match(/The website cannot display the page/i)
-              msg  = "#{file_name}----HTTP 500. (#{lnbr})"
-              myOK = false
-
-              #        elsif browser_text.match(/Insufficient Data/i)
-              #          msg  = "#{file_name}----Insufficient Data. (#{lnbr})"
-              #          myOK = false
-
-            elsif browser_text.match(/The timeout period elapsed/i)
-              msg  = "#{file_name}----Time out period elapsed or server not responding. (#{lnbr})"
-              myOK = false
-
-            elsif browser_text.match(/Unexpected\s+errors*\s+occur+ed\.\s+(?:-+)\s+(.+)/i)
-              msg = "#{file_name}----Unexpected errors occurred. #{$2.slice(0, 120)} (#{lnbr})"
-              if not browser_text.match(/close the window and try again/i)
-                myOK = false
-              else
-                debug_to_log("#{msg}")
-              end
-
-            elsif browser_text.match(/Server Error in (.+) Application\.\s+(?:-+)\s+(.+)/i)
-              msg  = "#{file_name}----Server Error in #{1} Application. #{$2.slice(0, 100)} (#{lnbr})"
-              myOK = false
-
-            elsif browser_text.match(/Server Error in (.+) Application\./i)
-              msg  = "#{file_name}----Server Error in #{1} Application. '#{browser_text.slice(0, 250)}...' (#{lnbr})"
-              myOK = false
-
-            elsif browser_text.match(/An error has occur+ed\. Please contact support/i)
-              msg  = "#{file_name}----An error has occurred. Please contact support (#{lnbr})"
-              myOK = false
-
-            end
-          else
-            debug_to_log("browser.text returned nil")
-          end
-        end
-
-        if not myOK
-          msg << " (#{browser.url})"
-          puts msg
-          debug_to_log(browser.inspect)
-          debug_to_log(browser.text)
-          fatal_to_log(msg, lnbr)
-          raise(RuntimeError, msg, caller)
-        else
-          debug_to_log("#{__method__} returning OK") if dbg
-          return myOK
-        end
-
-      rescue
-        errmsg = $!
-        if errmsg and errmsg.match(msg)
-          errmsg = ''
-        end
-        bail_out(browser, lnbr, "#{msg} #{errmsg}")
-      end
-
-      alias validate_browser validate
-
-      # @!endgroup Error Handling
-
-      # @!group Backward compatible usages
-
-      # Returns a reference to a browser window using the window's *:url* attribute. Calls attach_browser().
-      # @example
-      #  mainwindow = open_browser('www.google.com')
-      #  click(mainwindow, :button, :id, 'an id string')  # click a button that opens another browser window
-      #  popup = attach_browser_by_url(mainwindow, '[url of new window]')
-      # @param [Watir::Browser] browser A reference to the current browser window.
-      # @param [String, Regexp] what The value in the targeted attribute that uniquely identifies the new window
-      # @param [String] desc Contains a message or description intended to appear in the log and/or report output
-      # @return [Watir::Browser]
-      def attach_browser_by_url(browser, what, desc = '')
-        attach_browser(browser, :url, what, desc)
-      end
-
-      alias attach_browser_with_url attach_browser_by_url
-
-      # Returns a reference to a new browser window identified by its *:title* attribute.  Used to attach a new browser window to a variable
-      # which can then be passed to methods that require a *browser* parameter. Calls attach_browser().
-      # @param (see #attach_browser_by_url)
-      def attach_popup_by_title(browser, what, desc = '')
-        attach_popup(browser, :title, what, desc)
-      end
-
-      # Returns a reference to a new browser window identified by its *:url* attribute.  Used to attach a new browser window to a variable
-      # which can then be passed to methods that require a *browser* parameter. Calls attach_browser().
-      # @param (see #attach_browser_by_url)
-      def attach_popup_by_url(browser, what, desc = '')
-        attach_popup(browser, :url, what, desc)
-      end
-
-      alias get_popup_with_url attach_popup_by_url
-      alias attach_popup_with_url attach_popup_by_url
-      alias attach_iepopup attach_popup_by_url
-
-      # Close a popup browser window (non-modal) by clicking on a link with :title *what*.
-      # This method does not check to make sure the popup is actually closed.
-      # @param [Watir::Browser] popup A reference to the current popup browser window.
-      # @param [String, Regexp] what The value in the targeted attribute that uniquely identifies the new window
-      # @param [String] desc Contains a message or description intended to appear in the log and/or report output
-      # @return [Boolean] True if the click is successful.
-      def close_popup_by_button_title(popup, what, desc = '')
-        click(popup, :link, :title, what, desc)
-      end
-
-      # @!endgroup Backward
-
-
-    end
-  end
-end
-
+module Awetestlib
+  # Awetest DSL for browser based testing.
+  module Regression
+    # Methods to manage browser windows: open, close, attach, verify health, and clean up.
+    module Browser
+
+      #def run   #DO WE NEED? Use this method to tell user they need to create a run method?
+      ## Not here in any case.
+      #  setup
+      #  set_script_variables
+      #  run_test
+      #rescue
+      #  fatal_to_log("(#{__LINE__})  #{$!}")
+      #  browser.close
+      #  raise
+      #end
+
+      # @!group Browser
+
+      # @note webdriver specific - still work in progress
+      def go_to_wd_url(browser, url)
+
+        Watir::Browser.class_eval do
+          def goto(uri)
+            uri = "http://#{uri}" unless uri =~ URI.regexp
+            @driver.navigate.to uri
+            run_checkers
+          end
+        end
+        browser.goto(url)
+
+        #in basic_auth1 edit:
+        #a = Thread.new {
+        #    goto_wd_url(browser, @myURL)
+        #  }
+
+      end
+
+      alias goto_wd_url go_to_wd_url
+
+      # Open a browser based on the command line parameters that identify the browser and
+      # version to use for the test.
+      # @example
+      #  browser = open_browser('www.google.com')
+      # @param [String, Regexp] url When provided, the browser will go to this url.
+      # @return [Watir::Browser]
+      def open_browser(url = nil)
+        message_to_report("Opening browser: #{@targetBrowser.name}")
+        case @targetBrowser.abbrev
+          when 'IE'
+            @myBrowser = open_ie
+            if @myBrowser.class.to_s == "Watir::IE"
+              @myHwnd = @myBrowser.hwnd
+            end
+          when 'FF'
+            @myBrowser = open_ff_for_version
+          when 'S'
+            aBrowser = Watir::Browser.new :safari
+            @myBrowser = aBrowser
+          when 'C', 'GC'
+            @myBrowser = open_chrome
+          else
+            raise "Unsupported browser: #{@targetBrowser.name}"
+        end
+        if url
+          go_to_url(@myBrowser, url)
+        end
+        @myBrowser
+      end
+
+      # Open IE (Internet Explorer) browser instance.
+      # If global variable $watir_script is set to true in the first line of the script,
+      # classic Watir will be used to drive the browser,
+      # otherwise Watir Webdriver will be used.
+      # @return [Watir::Browser]
+      def open_ie
+        if $watir_script
+          browser = Watir::IE.new
+        else
+          browser = Watir::Browser.new :ie
+        end
+        browser
+      end
+
+      # Open FF (Firefox) browser instance.
+      # @param [Fixnum] version A number designating the version of the browser to be opened.
+      # @return [Watir::Browser, Firewatir::Browser]
+      # Returns Firewatir::Browser if target browser is Firefox version less than 4.0
+      def open_ff_for_version(version = @targetVersion)
+        browser = Watir::Browser.new :firefox
+      end
+
+      # Open FF (Firefox) browser instance under FireWatir.
+      # @return [Firewatir::Browser]
+      def open_ff
+        # Watir::Browser.default = 'firefox'
+        browser = Watir::Browser.new :firefox
+      end
+
+      # Open GC (Google Chrome) browser instance.
+      # @return [Watir::Browser] Browser is Google Chrome.
+      def open_chrome
+        browser = Watir::Browser.new(:chrome)
+      end
+
+      # Instruct browser to navigate to a specific URL
+      # @param [Watir::Browser] browser A reference to the browser window or container element to be tested.
+      # @param [String] url When provided, the browser will go to this url.
+      # and the instance variable @myURL will be set to this value.
+      # @return [Boolean] True when navigation to url succeeds.
+      def go_to_url(browser, url = nil)
+        if url
+          @myURL = url
+        end
+        message_to_report("URL: #{@myURL}")
+        browser.goto(@myURL)
+        true
+      rescue
+        fatal_to_log("Unable to navigate to '#{@myURL}': '#{$!}'")
+      end
+
+      # Return a reference to a browser window.  Used to attach a browser window to a variable
+      # which can then be passed to methods that require a *browser* parameter.
+      # @example
+      #  mainwindow = open_browser('www.google.com')
+      #  click(mainwindow, :button, :id, 'an id string')  # click a button that opens another browser window
+      #  popup = attach_browser(mainwindow, :url, '[url of new window]')   #*or*
+      #  popup = attach_browser(mainwindow, :title, '[title of new window]')
+      # @todo Update to work with webdriver for IE.
+      # @param [Watir::Browser] browser A reference to the current browser window.
+      # @param [Symbol] how The element attribute used to identify the window: *:title* or :url.
+      # @param [String|Regexp] what A string or a regular expression to be found in the *how* attribute that uniquely identifies the element.
+      # @param [String] desc Contains a message or description intended to appear in the log and/or report output
+      # @return [Watir::Browser] Internet Explorer
+      def attach_browser(browser, how, what, desc = '')
+        debug_to_log("Attaching browser window :#{how}=>'#{what}' #{desc}")
+        uri_decoded_pattern = ::URI.encode(what.to_s.gsub('(?-mix:', '').gsub(')', ''))
+
+        if $watir_script
+          tmpbrowser = Watir::IE.attach(how, what)
+          browser.visible = true
+          if tmpbrowser
+            tmpbrowser.visible = true
+            tmpbrowser.speed   = :fast
+          else
+            raise "Browser window :#{how}=>'#{what}' has at least one doc not in completed ready state."
+          end
+        else
+          browser.driver.switch_to.window(browser.driver.window_handles[0])
+          browser.window(how, /#{uri_decoded_pattern}/).use
+          tmpbrowser = browser
+        end
+
+        # case @browserAbbrev
+        #   when 'IE'
+        #     tmpbrowser      = Watir::IE.attach(how, what)
+        #     browser.visible = true
+        #     if tmpbrowser
+        #       tmpbrowser.visible = true
+        #       tmpbrowser.speed   = :fast
+        #     else
+        #       raise "Browser window :#{how}=>'#{what}' has at least one doc not in completed ready state."
+        #     end
+        #   when 'FF'
+        #     #TODO: This may be dependent on Firefox version if webdriver doesn't support 3.6.17 and below
+        #     browser.driver.switch_to.window(browser.driver.window_handles[0])
+        #     browser.window(how, /#{uri_decoded_pattern}/).use
+        #     tmpbrowser = browser
+        #   when 'S'
+        #     Watir::Safari.attach(how, what)
+        #     tmpbrowser = browser
+        #   when 'C', 'GC'
+        #     browser.window(how, /#{uri_decoded_pattern}/).use
+        #     tmpbrowser = browser
+        # end
+
+
+        debug_to_log("#{__method__}: tmpbrowser:#{tmpbrowser.inspect}")
+        tmpbrowser
+      end
+
+
+      # Returns a reference to a new browser window.  Used to attach a new browser window to a variable
+      # which can then be passed to methods that require a *browser* parameter. Calls attach_browser().
+      # @example
+      #  mainwindow = open_browser('www.google.com')
+      #  click(mainwindow, :button, :id, 'an id string')  # click a button that opens another browser window
+      #  popup = attach_popup(mainwindow, :url, '[url of new window]') *or*
+      #  popup = attach_popup(mainwindow, :title, '[title of new window]')
+      # @param [Watir::Browser] browser A reference to the current browser window.
+      # @param [Symbol] how The element attribute used to identify the window: *:title* or :url.
+      # @param [String, Regexp] what A string or a regular expression to be found in the *how* attribute that uniquely identifies the element.
+      # @param [String] desc Contains a message or description intended to appear in the log and/or report output
+      # @return [Watir::Browser] The new browser window.
+      def attach_popup(browser, how, what, desc = '')
+        msg   = "Attach popup :#{how}=>'#{what}'. #{desc}"
+        popup = attach_browser(browser, how, what, desc)
+        sleep_for(1)
+        debug_to_log("#{popup.inspect}")
+        if is_browser?(popup)
+          title = popup.title
+          passed_to_log("#{msg} title='#{title}'")
+          return popup
+        else
+          failed_to_log(msg)
+        end
+      rescue
+        failed_to_log("Unable to attach popup :#{how}=>'#{what}'. #{desc} '#{$!}' (#{__LINE__})")
+      end
+
+      # Locate and close instances of IE browsers
+      def find_other_browsers
+        cnt = 0
+        if @targetBrowser.abbrev == 'IE'
+          Watir::IE.each do |ie|
+            debug_to_log("#{ie.inspect}")
+            ie.close()
+            cnt = cnt + 1
+          end
+        end
+        debug_to_log("Found #{cnt} IE browser(s).")
+        return cnt
+      rescue
+        error_to_log("#{$!}  (#{__LINE__})\n#{Kernel.caller.to_yaml}", __LINE__)
+        return 0
+      end
+
+      # @!endgroup Browser
+
+      # @!group Login
+
+      # Simple login method
+      # @param [Watir::Browser] browser A reference to the browser window or container element to be tested.
+      # @param [String] user Login ID for the user.
+      # @param [String] password Password for the user.
+      # @return [Boolean] True if login succeeds.
+      def login(browser, user, password)
+        #TODO: Needs to be more flexible about finding login id and password textfields
+        #TODO: Parameterize url and remove references to environment
+        myURL  = @myAppEnv.url
+        runenv = @myAppEnv.nodename
+        message_tolog("URL: #{myURL}") if @myAppEnv
+        message_tolog("Beginning login: User: #{user} Environment: #{@myAppEnv.nodename}") if @myAppEnv
+        if validate(browser, @myName, __LINE__)
+          browser.goto(@myAppEnv.url)
+          if validate(browser, @myName)
+            set_textfield_by_name(browser, 'loginId', user)
+            set_textfield_by_name(browser, 'password', password)
+            click_button_by_value(browser, 'Login')
+            if validate(browser, @myName)
+              passed_to_log("Login successful.")
+              true
+            end
+          else
+            failed_to_log("Unable to login to application: '#{$!}'")
+            #screen_capture( "#{@myRoot}/screens/#{myName}_#{@runid}_#{__LINE__.to_s}_#{Time.new.to_f.to_s}.jpg")
+          end
+        end
+      rescue
+        failed_to_log("Unable to login to application: '#{$!}'")
+      end
+
+      # Logon to webpage using Basic Authorization type of logon. Uses AutoIt
+      # @param [Watir::Browser] browser A reference to the browser window or container element to be tested.
+      # @param [String] user Login ID for the user.
+      # @param [String] password Password for the user.
+      # @param [String] url The URL to log on to.
+      # @param [Boolean] bypass_validate When set to true, the call to validate(),
+      # which checks the health of the browser, is skipped..
+      def basic_auth(browser, user, password, url, bypass_validate = false)
+        mark_testlevel("Basic Authorization Login", 0)
+
+        message_to_report ("Login:    #{user}")
+        message_to_report ("URL:      #{url}")
+        message_to_report ("Password: #{password}")
+
+        @login_title = "Connect to"
+
+        a = Thread.new {
+          browser.goto(url)
+        }
+
+        sleep_for(2)
+        message_to_log("#{@login_title}...")
+
+        if (@ai.WinWait(@login_title, "", 90) > 0)
+          win_title = @ai.WinGetTitle(@login_title)
+          debug_to_log("Basic Auth Login window appeared: '#{win_title}'")
+          @ai.WinActivate(@login_title)
+          @ai.ControlSend(@login_title, '', "[CLASS:Edit; INSTANCE:2]", '!u')
+          @ai.ControlSend(@login_title, '', "[CLASS:Edit; INSTANCE:2]", user, 1)
+          @ai.ControlSend(@login_title, '', "[CLASS:Edit; INSTANCE:3]", password.gsub(/!/, '{!}'), 1)
+          @ai.ControlClick(@login_title, "", '[CLASS:Button; INSTANCE:1]')
+        else
+          debug_to_log("Basic Auth Login window did not appear.")
+        end
+        a.join
+
+        validate(browser, @myName) unless bypass_validate
+
+        message_to_report("URL: [#{browser.url}] User: [#{user}]")
+
+      end
+
+      # Provide an authorization token or passcode in a specified text field element identified by its *:id* attribute.
+      # @param [Watir::Browser] browser A reference to the browser window or container element to be tested.
+      # @param [String] role Usually a user role designation ('Administrator', 'User', etc.)
+      # @param [String] token Authentification token required by logon process.
+      # @param [String/Regexp] id Value of the *:id* attribute of the text field that will receive the *token*.
+      def token_auth(browser, role, token, id = 'token_pass')
+        set_textfield_by_id(browser, id, token)
+        click_button_by_value(browser, 'Continue')
+        if validate_text(browser, 'The requested page requires authentication\.\s*Please enter your Passcode below', nil, true)
+          bail_out(browser, __LINE__, "Token authorization failed on '#{token}'")
+        end
+      end
+
+      # @!endgroup Logon
+
+      # @!group Error Handling
+
+      # Exit more or less gracefully from script when errors are too severe to continue.
+      # Normally not called in a test script or project library.
+      # @param [Watir::Browser] browser A reference to the browser window or container element to be tested.
+      # @param [Fixnum] lnbr Line number in calling script.
+      # @param [String] desc Contains a message or description intended to appear in the log and/or report output
+      #
+      def bail_out(browser, lnbr, desc)
+        ts  = Time.new
+        msg = "Bailing out at util line #{lnbr} #{ts} " + desc
+        puts "#{msg}"
+        fatal_to_log(msg, lnbr)
+        debug_to_log(dump_caller(lnbr))
+        if is_browser?(browser)
+          if @browserAbbrev == 'IE'
+            hwnd = browser.hwnd
+            kill_browser(hwnd, lnbr, browser)
+            raise(RuntimeError, msg, caller)
+          elsif @browserAbbrev == 'FF'
+            debug_to_log("#{browser.inspect}")
+            debug_to_log("#{browser.to_s}")
+            raise(RuntimeError, msg, caller)
+          end
+        end
+        @status = 'bailout'
+        raise(RuntimeError, msg, caller)
+      end
+
+
+      # Check for the presence of IE browser instances.
+      # @return [Fixnum] The number of IE browser instances encountered.
+      def check_for_other_browsers
+        cnt1 = find_other_browsers
+        cnt2 = Watir::Process.count 'iexplore.exe'
+        debug_to_log("check_for_other_browsers: cnt1: #{cnt1} cnt2: #{cnt2}")
+      rescue
+        error_to_log("#{$!}  (#{__LINE__})\n#{Kernel.caller.to_yaml}")
+      end
+
+      # Check for the presence of IE browser instances and close all that are found.
+      def check_for_and_clear_other_browsers
+        if @targetBrowser.abbrev == 'IE'
+          debug_to_log("#{__method__}:")
+          cnt1 = find_other_browsers
+          cnt2 = Watir::IE.process_count
+          debug_to_log("#{__method__}: cnt1: #{cnt1} cnt2: #{cnt2}")
+          begin
+            Watir::IE.each do |ie|
+              pid = Watir::IE::Process.process_id_from_hwnd(ie.hwnd)
+              debug_to_log("#{__method__}: Killing browser process: hwnd #{ie.hwnd} pid #{pid} title '#{ie.title}' (#{__LINE__})")
+              do_taskkill(INFO, pid)
+              sleep_for(10)
+            end
+              #Watir::IE.close_all()
+          rescue
+            debug_to_log("#{__method__}: #{$!}  (#{__LINE__})")
+          end
+          sleep(3)
+          cnt1 = find_other_browsers
+          cnt2 = Watir::IE.process_count
+          if cnt1 > 0 or cnt2 > 0
+            debug_to_log("#{__method__}:cnt1: #{cnt1} cnt2: #{cnt2}")
+            begin
+              Watir::IE.each do |ie|
+                pid = Watir::IE::Process.process_id_from_hwnd(ie.hwnd)
+                debug_to_log("#{__method__}: Killing browser process: hwnd #{ie.hwnd} pid #{pid} title '#{ie.title}' (#{__LINE__})")
+                do_taskkill(INFO, pid)
+                sleep_for(10)
+              end
+                #Watir::IE.close_all()
+            rescue
+              debug_to_log("#{__method__}:#{$!}  (#{__LINE__})")
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      rescue
+        error_to_log("#{__method__}: #{$!}  (#{__LINE__})\n#{Kernel.caller.to_yaml}")
+      end
+
+      # Force browser instance to close, one way or the other.
+      # Instance is identified by *hwnd*, the Windows OS handle for the process.
+      # @param [String] hwnd The value for the window handle for the browser process.
+      # @param [Fixnum] lnbr Line number in calling script.
+      # @param [Watir::Browser] browser A reference to the browser window or container element to be closed.
+      def kill_browser(hwnd, lnbr, browser = nil, doflag = false)
+        # TODO Firefox
+        logit = false
+        if @browserAbbrev == 'FF'
+          if is_browser?(browser) # and browser.url.length > 1
+            logit = true
+            here  = __LINE__
+            url   = browser.url
+            #capture_screen(browser, Time.new.to_f) if @screenCaptureOn
+            browser.close if url.length > 0
+            @status = 'killbrowser'
+            fatal_to_log("Kill browser called from line #{lnbr}")
+          end
+        elsif hwnd
+          pid = Watir::IE::Process.process_id_from_hwnd(hwnd)
+          if pid and pid > 0 and pid < 538976288
+            if browser.exists?
+              here  = __LINE__
+              logit = true
+              url   = browser.url
+              #capture_screen(browser, Time.new.to_f) if @screenCaptureOn
+              browser.close
+              sleep(2)
+              if browser.exists?
+                do_taskkill(FATAL, pid)
+              end
+              @status = 'killbrowser'
+            end
+          end
+          if logit
+             debug_to_log("#{@browserName} window hwnd #{hwnd} pid #{pid} #{url} (#{here})")
+             fatal_to_log("Kill browser called from line #{lnbr}")
+           end
+         end
+       end
+
+      # @!endgroup Error Handling
+
+      # @!group Browser
+
+      # Use enabled_popup and winclicker to determine if there is an active modal popup.
+      # Useful only when no wait action has been invoked.
+      # @param [Watir::Browser] browser A reference to the browser window or container element to be tested.
+      # @param [String] button The visible name of the button to be clicked to close the popup.
+      # @return [String] containing the window handle of the closed modal popup.
+      def modal_exists?(browser, button = nil)
+        rtrn = nil
+        if @browserAbbrev == 'IE'
+          Timeout::timeout(2) do
+            begin
+              if browser.enabled_popup
+                hwnd = browser.enabled_popup(5)
+                debug_to_log("Modal popup with handle #{hwnd} found. (#{__LINE__})")
+                wc = WinClicker.new
+                wc.makeWindowActive(hwnd)
+                rtrn = wc.getWindowTitle(hwnd)
+                if button
+                  wc.clickWindowsButton_hWnd(hwnd, button)
+                end
+                wc = nil
+              end
+            rescue Timeout::Error
+              debug_to_log("No Modal popup found. (#{__LINE__})")
+              return rtrn
+            end
+            return rtrn
+          end
+          rtrn
+        else
+          rtrn
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Close a browser window identified by its title.
+      # Uses AutoIt. Windows only.
+      # @param [Watir::Browser] browser A reference to the browser window or container element to be tested.
+      # @param [String] title The title of the window to be closed.  Matched from beginning of string.
+      # @param [String] desc Contains a message or description intended to appear in the log and/or report output
+      # @param [String] text (optional) The text of the window to be closed.  Matched from beginning of string.
+      def close_window_by_title(browser, title, desc = '', text = '')
+        msg = "Window '#{title}':"
+        if @ai.WinWait(title, text, WAIT) > 0
+          passed_to_log("#{msg} appeared. #{desc}")
+          myHandle  = @ai.WinGetHandle(title, text)
+          full_text = @ai.WinGetText(title)
+          debug_to_log("#{msg} hwnd: #{myHandle.inspect}")
+          debug_to_log("#{msg} title: '#{title}' text: '#{full_text}'")
+          if @ai.WinClose(title, text) > 0
+            passed_to_log("#{msg} closed successfully. #{desc}")
+          else
+            failed_to_log("#{msg} close failed. (#{__LINE__}) #{desc}")
+          end
+        else
+          failed_to_log("#{msg} did not appear after #{WAIT} seconds. (#{__LINE__}) #{desc}")
+        end
+      rescue
+        failed_to_log("#{msg}: Unable to close: '#{$!}'. (#{__LINE__}) #{desc}")
+      end
+
+      # Closes main browser session. Misnamed. Usually used at end of script to shut down browser.
+      def close_browser(browser, where = @myName, lnbr = __LINE__)
+        #TODO Firewatir 1.6.5 does not implement .exists for FireWatir::Firefox class
+        debug_to_log("Logging out in #{where} at line #{lnbr}.", lnbr, true)
+        debug_to_log("#{__method__}: browser: #{browser.inspect} (#{__LINE__})")
+
+        url   = browser.url
+        title = browser.title
+
+        if ['FF', 'S'].include?(@browserAbbrev) || browser.exists?
+          case @browserAbbrev
+            when 'FF'
+              if is_browser?(browser)
+                debug_to_log("#{__method__}: Firefox browser url: [#{url}]")
+                debug_to_log("#{__method__}: Firefox browser title: [#{title}]")
+                debug_to_log("#{__method__}: Closing browser: #{where} (#{lnbr})")
+                if url and url.length > 1
+                  browser.close
+                else
+                  browser = FireWatir::Firefox.attach(:title, title)
+                  browser.close
+                end
+
+              end
+            when 'IE'
+              debug_to_log("#{__method__}: Internet Explorer browser url: [#{url}]")
+              debug_to_log("#{__method__}: Internet Explorer browser title: [#{title}]")
+              debug_to_log("#{__method__}: Closing browser: #{where} (#{lnbr})")
+              if $watir_script
+                hwnd = browser.hwnd
+                pid  = Watir::IE::Process.process_id_from_hwnd(hwnd)
+                debug_to_log("#{__method__}: Closing browser: hwnd #{hwnd} pid #{pid} #{where} (#{lnbr}) (#{__LINE__})")
+                browser.close
+                if browser.exists? and pid > 0 and pid < 538976288 # value of uninitialized memory location
+                  debug_to_log("Retry close browser: hwnd #{hwnd} pid #{pid} #{where} #{lnbr} (#{__LINE__})")
+                  browser.close
+                end
+                if browser.exists? and pid > 0 and pid < 538976288 # value of uninitialized memory location
+                  kill_browser(browser.hwnd, __LINE__, browser)
+                end
+              else
+                browser.close
+              end
+            when 'S'
+              if is_browser?(browser)
+                url   = browser.url
+                title = browser.title
+                debug_to_log("Safari browser url: [#{url}]")
+                debug_to_log("Safari browser title: [#{title}]")
+                debug_to_log("Closing browser: #{where} (#{lnbr})")
+                close_modal_s # to close any leftover modal dialogs
+                browser.close
+              end
+            when 'C', 'GC'
+              if is_browser?(browser)
+                url   = browser.url
+                title = browser.title
+                debug_to_log("Chrome browser url: [#{url}]")
+                debug_to_log("Chrome browser title: [#{title}]")
+                debug_to_log("Closing browser: #{where} (#{lnbr})")
+                if url and url.length > 1
+                  browser.close
+                end
+
+              end
+            else
+              raise "Unsupported browser: '#{@browserAbbrev}'"
+          end
+        end
+      rescue
+        failed_to_log(unable_to)
+      end
+
+      alias logout close_browser
+
+      # Close a browser popup window. Does not apply to modal popups.
+      # @param [Watir::Browser] popup Reference to the popup to be closed
+      def close_new_window_popup(popup)
+        if is_browser?(popup)
+          url = popup.url
+          debug_to_log("Closing popup '#{url}' ")
+          popup.close
+
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Close an HTML panel or division by clicking a link within it identified by the *:text* value of the link.
+      # @param [Watir::Browser] browser A reference to the browser window or container element to be tested.
+      # @param [Watir::Browser] panel Reference to the panel (usually a div element) to be closed
+      def close_panel_by_text(browser, panel, what = 'Close')
+        if validate(browser, @myName, __LINE__)
+          if @browserAbbrev == 'IE'
+            panel.link(:text, what).click!
+          elsif $USE_FIREWATIR
+            begin
+              panel.link(:text, what).click
+            rescue => e
+              unless rescue_me(e, __method__, rescue_me_command(:link, :id, what, :click), "#{panel.class}")
+                raise e
+              end
+            end
+          else
+            panel.link(:text, what).click(:wait => false)
+          end
+          sleep_for(1)
+          if validate(browser, @myName, __LINE__)
+            passed_to_log("Panel '#{what}' (by :text) closed.")
+            true
+          end
+        else
+          failed_to_log("Panel '#{strg}' (by :text) still open.")
+        end
+      rescue
+        failed_to_log("Click on '#{strg}'(by :text) failed: '#{$!}' (#{__LINE__})")
+      end
+
+      #def close_modal_ie(title, button = "OK", text = '', side = 'primary', wait = WAIT, desc = '', quiet = false)
+      #  #TODO needs simplifying and debug code cleaned up
+      #  title = translate_popup_title(title)
+      #  msg   = "'#{title}'"
+      #  msg << " with text '#{text}'" if text.length > 0
+      #  msg << " (#{desc})" if desc.length > 0
+      #  @ai.Opt("WinSearchChildren", 1) # Match any substring in the title
+      #  if @ai.WinWait(title, text, wait) > 0
+      #    myHandle  = @ai.WinGetHandle(title, text)
+      #    full_text = @ai.WinGetText(title)
+      #    #debug_to_report("Found popup handle:'#{myHandle}', title:'#{title}', text:'#{full_text}'")
+      #    if myHandle.length > 0
+      #      debug_to_log("hwnd: #{myHandle.inspect}")
+      #      passed_to_log("#{msg} appeared.") unless quiet
+      #      sleep_for(0.5)
+      #      @ai.WinActivate(title, text)
+      #      if @ai.WinActive(title, text) #  > 0   #Hack to prevent fail when windows session locked
+      #        debug_to_log("#{msg} activated.")
+      #        if @ai.ControlFocus(title, text, button) #  > 0
+      #          controlHandle = @ai.ControlGetHandle(title, '', "[CLASS:Button; TEXT:#{button}]")
+      #          if not controlHandle
+      #            button        = "&#{button}"
+      #            controlHandle = @ai.ControlGetHandle(title, '', "[CLASS:Button; TEXT:#{button}]")
+      #          end
+      #          debug_to_log("Handle for button '#{button}': [#{controlHandle}]")
+      #          debug_to_log("#{msg} focus gained.")
+      #          #              sleep_for(2)
+      #          if @ai.ControlClick(title, text, button, side) # > 0
+      #                                                         #            if @ai.ControlClick(title, text, "[Handle:#{controlHandle}]", side) > 0
+      #                                                         #                debug_to_log("#{msg} #{side} click on 'Handle:#{controlHandle}'." )
+      #            debug_to_log("#{msg} #{side} click on '#{button}' successful.")
+      #            sleep_for(1)
+      #            if @ai.WinExists(title, text) > 0
+      #              debug_to_log("#{msg} close popup failed on click '#{button}'. Trying WinClose. (#{__LINE__})")
+      #              @ai.WinClose(title, text)
+      #              if @ai.WinExists(title, text) > 0
+      #                debug_to_log("#{msg} close popup failed with WinClose('#{title}','#{text}'). (#{__LINE__})")
+      #                @ai.WinKill(title, text)
+      #                if @ai.WinExists(title, text) > 0
+      #                  debug_to_log("#{msg} close popup failed with WinKill('#{title}','#{text}'). (#{__LINE__})")
+      #                else
+      #                  debug_to_log("#{msg} closed successfully with WinKill('#{title}','#{text}').")
+      #                end
+      #              else
+      #                debug_to_log("#{msg} closed successfully with WinClose('#{title}','#{text}').")
+      #              end
+      #            else
+      #              passed_to_log("#{msg} closed successfully.") unless quiet
+      #            end
+      #          else
+      #            failed_to_log("#{msg} #{side} click on '#{button}' failed. (#{__LINE__})")
+      #          end
+      #        else
+      #          failed_to_log("#{msg} Unable to gain focus on button (#{__LINE__})")
+      #        end
+      #      else
+      #        failed_to_log("#{msg} Unable to activate (#{__LINE__})")
+      #      end
+      #    else
+      #      failed_to_log("#{msg} did not appear after #{wait} seconds. (#{__LINE__})")
+      #    end
+      #  else
+      #    failed_to_log("#{msg} did not appear after #{wait} seconds. (#{__LINE__})")
+      #  end
+      #rescue
+      #  failed_to_log("Close popup title=#{title} failed: '#{$!}' (#{__LINE__})")
+      #end
+
+      # Close an browser window (popup) by clicking a link within it identified by the *:text* value of the link.
+      # @param [Watir::Browser] popup A reference to the browser window or container element to be closed.
+      # @param [String] what Uniquely identify the *:link* element within the popup by the value in its *:text* attribute.
+      # @param [String] desc Contains a message or description intended to appear in the log and/or report output
+      def close_popup_by_text(popup, what = 'Close', desc = '')
+        count = 0
+        url   = popup.url
+        if validate(popup, @myName, __LINE__)
+          count = string_count_in_string(popup.text, what)
+          if count > 0
+            begin
+              popup.link(:text, what).click
+            rescue => e
+              unless rescue_me(e, __method__, rescue_me_command(:link, :text, what, :click), "#{popup.class}")
+                raise e
+              end
+            end
+            passed_to_log("Popup #{url} closed by clicking link with text '#{what}'. #{desc}")
+            true
+          else
+            failed_to_log("Link :text=>'#{what}' for popup #{url} not found. #{desc}")
+          end
+        end
+      rescue
+        failed_to_log("Close popup #{url} with click link :text+>'#{what}' failed: '#{$!}' (#{__LINE__})")
+        debug_to_log("#{strg} appears #{count} times in popup.text.")
+        raise
+      end
+
+      # Close a modal dialog.
+      # @param [Watir::Browser] browser A reference to the browser window or container element to be tested.
+      # @param [String] title The title of the window to be closed.  Matched from beginning of string.
+      # @param [String] button The display name of the button to be clicked.
+      # @param [String] text The text of the window to be closed.  Matched from beginning of string.
+      # @param [String] side A string identifying which mouse button to click.
+      # @param [Fixnum] wait Number of seconds to wait for the popup to be seen.
+      def close_modal(browser, title="", button="OK", text='', side = 'primary', wait = WAIT)
+        case @targetBrowser.abbrev
+          when 'IE'
+            close_modal_ie(browser, title, button, text, side, wait)
+          when 'FF'
+            close_modal_ff(browser, title, button, text, side)
+          when 'S'
+            close_modal_s
+          when 'C', 'GC'
+            close_modal_c(browser, title)
+        end
+      end
+
+    # TODO: Logging
+      # Close a Chrome modal popup by :url.
+      def close_modal_c(browser, url)
+        browser.window(:url, url).close
+      end
+
+    # TODO: Logging
+      # Close a Safari modal popup by closing the frontmost Safari dialog.  MacOS only
+      def close_modal_s
+        # simply closes the frontmost Safari dialog
+        Appscript.app("Safari").activate; Appscript.app("System Events").processes["Safari"].key_code(52)
+      end
+
+      # Close an IE modal popup by its title.
+      # @param [Watir::Browser] browser A reference to the browser window or container element to be tested.
+      # @param [String] title The title of the window to be closed.  Matched from beginning of string.
+      # @param [String] button The display name of the button to be clicked.
+      # @param [String] text The text of the window to be closed.  Matched from beginning of string.
+      # @param [String] side A string identifying which mouse button to click.
+      # @param [Fixnum] wait Number of seconds to wait for the popup to be seen.
+      # @param [String] desc Contains a message or description intended to appear in the log and/or report output
+      # @param [Boolean] quiet If true, fewer messages and pass/fail validations are logged.
+      def close_modal_ie(browser, title="", button="OK", text='', side = 'primary', wait = WAIT, desc = '', quiet = false)
+        #TODO needs simplifying, incorporating text verification, and debug code cleaned up
+        title = translate_popup_title(title)
+        msg   = "Modal window (popup) '#{title}'"
+        if @ai.WinWait(title, text, wait)
+          myHandle = @ai.WinGetHandle(title, text)
+          if myHandle.length > 0
+            debug_to_log("hwnd: #{myHandle.inspect}")
+            passed_to_log("#{msg} appeared.") unless quiet
+            window_handle = "[HANDLE:#{myHandle}]"
+            sleep_for(0.5)
+            @ai.WinActivate(window_handle)
+            if @ai.WinActive(window_handle)
+              debug_to_log("#{msg} activated.")
+              controlHandle = @ai.ControlGetHandle(title, '', "[CLASS:Button; TEXT:#{button}]")
+              if not controlHandle.length > 0
+                button        = "&#{button}"
+                controlHandle = @ai.ControlGetHandle(title, '', "[CLASS:Button; TEXT:#{button}]")
+              end
+              debug_to_log("Handle for button '#{button}': [#{controlHandle}]")
+              debug_to_log("#{msg} focus gained.")
+              if @ai.ControlClick(title, '', "[CLASS:Button; TEXT:#{button}]")
+                passed_to_log("#{msg} #{side} click on '[CLASS:Button; TEXT:#{button}]' successful.")
+                sleep_for(0.5)
+                if @ai.WinExists(window_handle)
+                  debug_to_log("#{msg} close popup failed on click '#{button}'. Trying WinClose. (#{__LINE__})")
+                  @ai.WinClose(title, text)
+                  if @ai.WinExists(window_handle)
+                    debug_to_log("#{msg} close popup failed with WinClose(#{window_handle}). (#{__LINE__})")
+                    @ai.WinKill(window_handle)
+                    if @ai.WinExists(window_handle)
+                      debug_to_log("#{msg} close popup failed with WinKill(#{window_handle}). (#{__LINE__})")
+                    else
+                      debug_to_log("#{msg} closed successfully with WinKill(#{window_handle}).")
+                    end
+                  else
+                    debug_to_log("#{msg} closed successfully with WinClose(#{window_handle}).")
+                  end
+                else
+                  passed_to_log("#{msg} closed successfully.")
+                end
+              else
+                failed_to_log("#{msg} #{side} click on '[CLASS:Button; TEXT:#{button}]' failed. (#{window_handle}) (#{__LINE__})")
+              end
+            else
+              failed_to_log("#{msg} Unable to activate (#{window_handle}) (#{__LINE__})")
+            end
+          else
+            failed_to_log("#{msg} did not appear after #{wait} seconds. (#{window_handle}) (#{__LINE__})")
+          end
+        else
+          failed_to_log("#{msg} did not appear after #{wait} seconds.(#{window_handle}) (#{__LINE__})")
+        end
+      rescue
+        failed_to_log("Close popup title=#{title} failed: '#{$!}' (#{__LINE__})")
+      end
+
+      #alias close_popup_validate_text close_modal_ie
+      #alias close_popup close_modal_ie
+
+      #  private :close_modal_ie
+
+      # Close an IE modal popup by its title. Calls close_modal_ie.
+      # @deprecated Use close_modal.
+      # @param [String] title The title of the window to be closed.  Matched from beginning of string.
+      # @param [String] button The display name of the button to be clicked.
+      # @param [String] text The text of the window to be closed.  Matched from beginning of string.
+      # @param [String] side A string identifying which mouse button to click.
+      # @param [Fixnum] wait Number of seconds to wait for the popup to be seen.
+      # @param [String] desc Contains a message or description intended to appear in the log and/or report output
+      # @param [Boolean] quiet If true, fewer messages and pass/fail validations are logged.
+      def close_popup(title = '', button = 'OK', text = '', side = 'primary',
+                      wait = WAIT, desc = '', quiet = false)
+        debug_to_log("#{__method__} begin")
+        close_modal_ie(@myBrowser, title, button, text, side, wait, desc, quiet)
+      end
+
+      alias close_popup_validate_text close_popup
+
+      # Close a Firefox modal popup by its title.
+      # @param [Watir::Browser] browser A reference to the browser window or container element to be tested.
+      # @param [String] title The title of the window to be closed.  Matched from beginning of string.
+      # @param [String] button The display name of the button to be clicked.
+      # @param [String] text The text of the window to be closed.  Matched from beginning of string.
+      # @param [String] side A string identifying which mouse button to click.
+      # @return [Boolean] True if the modal is successfully closed.
+      def close_modal_ff(browser, title="", button=nil, text='', side='')
+        title = translate_popup_title(title)
+        msg   = "Modal dialog (popup): title=#{title} button='#{button}' text='#{text}' side='#{side}':"
+        modal = browser.modal_dialog(:timeout => WAIT)
+        if modal.exists?
+          modal_text = modal.text
+          if text.length > 0
+            if modal_text =~ /#{text}/
+              passed_to_log("#{msg} appeared with match on '#{text}'.")
+            else
+              failed_to_log("#{msg} appeared but did not match '#{text}' ('#{modal_text}).")
+            end
+          else
+            passed_to_log("#{msg} appeared.")
+          end
+          if button
+            modal.click_button(button)
+          else
+            modal.close
+          end
+          if modal.exists?
+            failed_to_log("#{msg} close failed. (#{__LINE__})")
+          else
+            passed_to_log("#{msg} closed successfully.")
+            true
+          end
+        else
+          failed_to_log("#{msg} did not appear after #{WAIT} seconds. (#{__LINE__})")
+        end
+      rescue
+        failed_to_log("#{msg} Unable to validate modal popup: '#{$!}'. (#{__LINE__})")
+      end
+
+      # Wait for a modal popup to appear and then close it.
+      # Used when modal popup in response to browser action is intermittent or unpredictable.
+      # @param [String] title The title of the window to be closed.  Matched from beginning of string.
+      # @param [String] text The text of the window to be closed.  Matched from beginning of string.
+      # @param [String] button The display name of the button to be clicked.
+      # @param [String] side A string identifying which mouse button to click.
+      # @param [Fixnum] wait Number of seconds to wait for the popup to be seen.
+      # @param [String] desc Contains a message or description intended to appear in the log and/or report output
+      # @return [Boolean] True if the modal is successfully closed.
+      def handle_popup(title, text = '', button= 'OK', side = 'primary', wait = WAIT, desc = '')
+        title = translate_popup_title(title)
+        msg   = "'#{title}'"
+        if text.length > 0
+          msg << " with text '#{text}'"
+        end
+        @ai.Opt("WinSearchChildren", 1) # match title from start, forcing default
+
+        if button and button.length > 0
+          if button =~ /ok|yes/i
+            id = '1'
+          else
+            id = '2'
+          end
+        else
+          id = ''
+        end
+
+        if @ai.WinWait(title, '', wait) > 0
+          myHandle      = @ai.WinGetHandle(title, '')
+          window_handle = "[HANDLE:#{myHandle}]"
+          full_text     = @ai.WinGetText(window_handle)
+          debug_to_log("Found popup handle:'#{myHandle}', title:'#{title}', text:'#{full_text}'")
+
+          controlHandle = @ai.ControlGetHandle(window_handle, '', "[CLASS:Button; TEXT:#{button}]")
+          if not controlHandle
+    #        button        = "&#{button}"
+            controlHandle = @ai.ControlGetHandle(window_handle, '', "[CLASS:Button; TEXT:&#{button}]")
+          end
+
+          if text.length > 0
+            if full_text =~ /#{text}/
+              passed_to_log("Found popup handle:'#{myHandle}', title:'#{title}', text includes '#{text}'. #{desc}")
+            else
+              failed_to_log("Found popup handle:'#{myHandle}', title:'#{title}', text does not include '#{text}'. Closing it. #{desc}")
+            end
+          end
+
+          @ai.WinActivate(window_handle, '')
+          @ai.ControlClick(window_handle, '', id, side)
+          if @ai.WinExists(title, '') > 0
+            debug_to_log("#{msg} @ai.ControlClick on '#{button}' (ID:#{id}) with handle '#{window_handle}' failed to close window. Trying title.")
+            @ai.ControlClick(title, '', id, side)
+            if @ai.WinExists(title, '') > 0
+              debug_to_report("#{msg} @ai.ControlClick on '#{button}' (ID:#{id}) with title '#{title}' failed to close window.  Forcing closed.")
+              @ai.WinClose(title, '')
+              if @ai.WinExists(title, '') > 0
+                debug_to_report("#{msg} @ai.WinClose on title '#{title}' failed to close window.  Killing window.")
+                @ai.WinKill(title, '')
+                if @ai.WinExists(title, '') > 0
+                  failed_to_log("#{msg} @ai.WinKill on title '#{title}' failed to close window")
+                else
+                  passed_to_log("Killed: popup handle:'#{myHandle}', title:'#{title}'. #{desc}")
+                  true
+                end
+              else
+                passed_to_log("Forced closed: popup handle:'#{myHandle}', title:'#{title}'. #{desc}")
+                true
+              end
+            else
+              passed_to_log("Closed on '#{button}': popup handle:'#{myHandle}', title:'#{title}'. #{desc}")
+              true
+            end
+          else
+            passed_to_log("Closed on '#{button}': popup handle:'#{myHandle}', title:'#{title}'. #{desc}")
+            true
+          end
+
+        else
+          failed_to_log("#{msg} did not appear after #{wait} seconds. #{desc} (#{__LINE__})")
+        end
+      rescue
+        failed_to_log("Unable to handle popup #{msg}: '#{$!}' #{desc} (#{__LINE__})")
+
+      end
+
+      # Return a reference to an IE browser window based on one of its attributes.
+      # @param [Watir::Browser] browser A reference to the browser window or container element to be tested.
+      # @param [Symbol] how The element attribute used to identify the window: :url, :title, or :hwnd.
+      # @param [String, Regexp] what A string or a regular expression to be found in the *how* attribute that uniquely identifies the element.
+      # @param [String] desc Contains a message or description intended to appear in the log and/or report output
+      # @return [Watir::IE] A reference to the popup.
+      def find_popup(browser, how, what, desc = '')
+        msg   = "Find popup :#{how}=>'#{what}'. #{desc}"
+        popup = Watir::IE.find(how, what) # TODO: too browser specific
+        sleep_for(1)
+        debug_to_log("#{popup.inspect}")
+        if is_browser?(popup)
+    #      title = popup.title
+          passed_to_log(msg)
+          return popup
+        else
+          failed_to_log(msg)
+        end
+      rescue
+        failed_to_log("Unable to find popup :#{how}=>'#{what}'. #{desc} '#{$!}' (#{__LINE__})")
+      end
+
+      # Confirm that the object passed in *browser* is actually a Browser object.
+      # @param [Watir::Browser] browser A reference to the window or container element to be tested.
+      def is_browser?(browser)
+        myClass = browser.class.to_s
+        case @targetBrowser.abbrev
+          when 'IE'
+            myClass =~ /Watir::IE|Watir::Browser/i
+          when 'FF'
+            myClass =~ /Watir::Browser/i
+          when 'S'
+            myClass =~ /Watir::Browser/i
+          when 'C'
+            myClass =~ /Watir::Browser/i
+        end
+      end
+
+      alias is_browser is_browser?
+
+      # Translate window title supplied in *title* to a title appropriate for the targeted browser and version
+      # actually being run.
+      # Used primarily for handling of modal popups and dialogs.
+      # This allows cross-browser compatibility for handling modal popups and other windows accessed by titlt.
+      # @param [String] title The title of the window to be closed.
+      def translate_popup_title(title)
+        new_title = title
+        case @browserAbbrev
+          when 'IE'
+            if @browserVersion
+              case @browserVersion
+                when '8.0'
+                  case title
+                    when "Microsoft Internet Explorer"
+                      new_title = "Message from webpage"
+                    when "The page at"
+                      new_title = "Message from webpage"
+                  end
+                when '7.0'
+                  case title
+                    when "Message from webpage"
+                      new_title = "Microsoft Internet Explorer"
+                    when "The page at"
+                      new_title = "Windows Internet Explorer"
+                  end
+                when '6.0'
+                  case title
+                    when "Message from webpage"
+                      new_title = "Microsoft Internet Explorer"
+                    when "The page at"
+                      new_title = "Microsoft Internet Explorer"
+                  end
+                else
+                  case title
+                    when "Microsoft Internet Explorer"
+                      new_title = "Message from webpage"
+                    when "The page at"
+                      new_title = "Message from webpage"
+                  end
+              end
+            else
+              case title
+                when "Microsoft Internet Explorer"
+                  new_title = "Message from webpage"
+                when "The page at"
+                  new_title = "Message from webpage"
+              end
+            end
+          when 'FF'
+            case title
+              when 'File Download'
+                new_title = 'Opening'
+              when "Microsoft Internet Explorer"
+                new_title = 'The page at'
+              when "Message from webpage"
+                new_title = 'The page at'
+            end
+          when 'C'
+            case title
+              when 'File Download'
+                new_title = 'Save As'
+              when "Microsoft Internet Explorer"
+                new_title = 'The page at'
+              when "Message from webpage"
+                new_title = 'The page at'
+            end
+        end
+        new_title
+      end
+
+      # Identify the exact version of the Browser currently being executed.
+      # @todo Bring up to date with newer browser versions
+      # @param [Watir::Browser] browser A reference to the browser window or container element to be tested.
+      def get_browser_version(browser)
+        debug_to_log("starting get_browser_version")
+        case @targetBrowser.abbrev
+          when 'IE'
+            @browserAbbrev  = 'IE'
+            @browserName    = 'Internet Explorer'
+            if $watir_script
+              @browserAppInfo = browser.document.invoke('parentWindow').navigator.appVersion
+            else
+              @browserAppInfo = browser.execute_script("return navigator.userAgent;")
+            end
+            @browserAppInfo =~ /MSIE\s(.*?);/
+            @browserVersion = $1
+          when 'FF'
+            @browserAbbrev  = 'FF'
+            @browserName    = 'Firefox'
+            @browserVersion = '6.01' #TODO: get actual version from browser
+            @browserAppInfo = browser.execute_script("return navigator.userAgent;")
+            debug_to_log("#{@browserName}, @browserAppInfo: (#{@browserAppInfo})")
+          when 'S'
+            @browserAbbrev  = 'S'
+            @browserName    = 'Safari'
+            @browserVersion = '5.0.4' #TODO: get actual version from browser itself
+            @browserAppInfo = browser.execute_script("return navigator.userAgent;")
+            debug_to_log("#{@browserName}, @browserAppInfo: (#{@browserAppInfo})")
+          when 'C'
+            @browserAbbrev  = 'C'
+            @browserName    = 'Chrome'
+            @browserVersion = '11.0' #TODO: get actual version from browser
+            @browserAppInfo = browser.execute_script("return navigator.userAgent;")
+            debug_to_log("#{@browserName}, @browserAppInfo: (#{@browserAppInfo})")
+        end
+      rescue
+        debug_to_log("Unable to determine #{@browserAbbrev} browser version: '#{$!}' (#{__LINE__})")
+      ensure
+        message_to_log("Browser: [#{@browserAbbrev} #{@browserVersion}]")
+      end
+
+      protected :get_browser_version
+
+      #def filter_bailout_from_rescue(err, msg)
+      #  if msg =~ /bailing out/i
+      #    raise err
+      #  else
+      #    error_to_log(msg)
+      #  end
+      #end
+
+      # @!group Browser
+
+      # Open and attach a browser popup window where the link to open it and its title contain the same string.
+      # @deprecated
+      def open_popup_through_link_title(browser, title, pattern, name)
+        click_title(browser, title)
+        #TODO need some kind of wait for process here
+        sleep_for 2
+        attach_popup_by_url(browser, pattern, name)
+      rescue
+        failed_to_log("Unable to open popup '#{name}': '#{$!}' (#{__LINE__})")
+      end
+
+      # @!group Error Handling
+
+      # Verifies health of the browser. Looks for common http and system errors that are unrecoverable and
+      # attempts to gracefully bail out of the script.
+      # Calls rescue_me() when trying to capture the text to filter out known false errors
+      # and handle container elements that don't respond to the .text method.
+      # @param [Watir::Browser] browser A reference to the browser window or container element to be tested.
+      # @param [String] file_name The file name of the executing script.
+      # @param [Fixnum] lnbr Contains a message or description intended to appear in the log and/or report output
+      # @param [Boolean] dbg If set to true additional debug messages are written to the log.
+      #
+      # @return [Boolean] True if no error conditions have been encountered.
+      def validate(browser, file_name = @myName, lnbr = "#{__LINE__}", dbg = false)
+        debug_to_log("#{__method__} begin") if dbg
+        msg  = ''
+        myOK = true
+        if not browser
+          msg  = "#{file_name}----browser is nil object. (#{lnbr})"
+          myOK = false
+        elsif not browser.class.to_s =~ /Watir/
+          msg = "#{file_name}----not a Watir object. (#{lnbr})"
+          debug_to_log(browser.inspect)
+          myOK = false
+
+        else
+          if browser.respond_to?(:url)
+            if not browser.url == @currentURL
+              @currentURL = browser.url
+              debug_to_log("Current URL: [#{@currentURL}]")
+              #        mark_testlevel( "Current URL: [#{@currentURL}]", 1 )
+            end
+          end
+
+          if @capture_js_errors
+            if browser.respond_to?(:status)
+              if browser.status.downcase =~ /errors? on page/ and
+                  not browser.status.downcase.include?('Waiting for')
+                capture_js_error(browser)
+              end
+            end
+          end
+
+          begin
+            browser_text = browser.text.downcase
+          rescue => e
+            unless rescue_me(e, __method__, "browser.text.downcase", "#{browser.class}", browser)
+              debug_to_log("browser.text.downcase in #{__method__} #{browser.class}")
+              debug_to_log("#{get_callers}")
+              raise e
+            else
+              return true
+            end
+          end
+
+          if browser_text
+            if browser_text.match(/unrecognized error condition has occurred/i)
+              msg  = "#{file_name}----Unrecognized Exception occurred. (#{lnbr})"
+              myOK = false
+
+            elsif browser_text.match(/cannot find server or dns error/i)
+              msg  = "#{file_name}----Cannot find server error or DNS error. (#{lnbr})"
+              myOK = false
+
+            elsif browser_text.match(/the rpc server is unavailable/i)
+              msg  = "#{file_name}----RPC server unavailable. (#{lnbr})"
+              myOK = false
+
+            elsif browser_text.match(/404 not found/i) or
+                browser_text.match(/the page you were looking for does\s*n[o']t exist/i)
+              msg  = "#{file_name}----RFC 2068 HTTP/1.1: 404 URI Not Found. (#{lnbr})"
+              myOK = false
+
+            elsif browser_text.match(/we're sorry, but something went wrong/i) or
+                browser_text.match(/http status 500/i)
+              msg  = "#{file_name}----RFC 2068 HTTP/1.1: 500 Internal Server Error. (#{lnbr})"
+              myOK = false
+
+            elsif browser_text.match(/internet explorer cannot display the webpage/i)
+              msg  = "#{file_name}----Probably RFC 2068 HTTP/1.1: 500 Internal Server Error. (#{lnbr})"
+              myOK = false
+
+            elsif browser_text.match(/503.*service unavailable/i)
+              msg  = "#{file_name}----RFC 2068 HTTP/1.1: 503 Service Unavailable. (#{lnbr})"
+              myOK = false
+
+            elsif browser_text.match(/java.lang.NullPointerException/i)
+              msg  = "#{file_name}----java.lang.NullPointerException. (#{lnbr})"
+              myOK = false
+
+            elsif browser_text.match(/due to unscheduled maintenance/i)
+              msg  = "#{file_name}----Due to unscheduled maintenance. (#{lnbr})"
+              myOK = false
+
+            elsif browser_text.match(/network\s+error\s*(.+)$/i)
+              $1.chomp!
+              msg  = "#{file_name}----Network Error #{$1}. (#{lnbr})"
+              myOK = false
+
+            elsif browser_text.match(/warning: page has expired/i)
+              msg  = "#{file_name}----Page using information from form has expired. Not automatically resubmitted. (#{lnbr})"
+              myOK = false
+
+            elsif browser_text.match(/no backend server available/i)
+              msg  = "#{file_name}----Cannot Reach Server (#{lnbr})"
+              myOK = false
+
+            elsif browser_text.match(/sign on\s+.+\s+unsuccessful/i)
+              msg  = "#{file_name}----Invalid Id or Password (#{lnbr})"
+              myOK = false
+
+            elsif browser_text.match(/you are not authorized/i)
+              msg  = "#{file_name}----Not authorized to view this page. (#{lnbr})"
+              myOK = false
+
+            elsif browser_text.match(/too many incorrect login attempts have been made/i)
+              msg  = "#{file_name}----Invalid Id or Password. Too many tries. (#{lnbr})"
+              myOK = false
+
+            elsif browser_text.match(/system error\.\s+an error has occurred/i)
+              msg  = "#{file_name}----System Error. An error has occurred. Please try again or call the Help Line for assistance. (#{lnbr})"
+              myOK = false
+
+            elsif browser_text.match(/Internal Server failure,\s+NSAPI plugin/i)
+              msg  = "#{file_name}----Internal Server failure, NSAPI plugin. (#{lnbr})"
+              myOK = false
+
+            elsif browser_text.match(/Error Page/i)
+              msg  = "#{file_name}----Error Page. (#{lnbr})"
+              myOK = false
+
+            elsif browser_text.match(/The website cannot display the page/i)
+              msg  = "#{file_name}----HTTP 500. (#{lnbr})"
+              myOK = false
+
+              #        elsif browser_text.match(/Insufficient Data/i)
+              #          msg  = "#{file_name}----Insufficient Data. (#{lnbr})"
+              #          myOK = false
+
+            elsif browser_text.match(/The timeout period elapsed/i)
+              msg  = "#{file_name}----Time out period elapsed or server not responding. (#{lnbr})"
+              myOK = false
+
+            elsif browser_text.match(/Unexpected\s+errors*\s+occur+ed\.\s+(?:-+)\s+(.+)/i)
+              msg = "#{file_name}----Unexpected errors occurred. #{$2.slice(0, 120)} (#{lnbr})"
+              if not browser_text.match(/close the window and try again/i)
+                myOK = false
+              else
+                debug_to_log("#{msg}")
+              end
+
+            elsif browser_text.match(/Server Error in (.+) Application\.\s+(?:-+)\s+(.+)/i)
+              msg  = "#{file_name}----Server Error in #{1} Application. #{$2.slice(0, 100)} (#{lnbr})"
+              myOK = false
+
+            elsif browser_text.match(/Server Error in (.+) Application\./i)
+              msg  = "#{file_name}----Server Error in #{1} Application. '#{browser_text.slice(0, 250)}...' (#{lnbr})"
+              myOK = false
+
+            elsif browser_text.match(/An error has occur+ed\. Please contact support/i)
+              msg  = "#{file_name}----An error has occurred. Please contact support (#{lnbr})"
+              myOK = false
+
+            end
+          else
+            debug_to_log("browser.text returned nil")
+          end
+        end
+
+        if not myOK
+          msg << " (#{browser.url})"
+          puts msg
+          debug_to_log(browser.inspect)
+          debug_to_log(browser.text)
+          fatal_to_log(msg, lnbr)
+          raise(RuntimeError, msg, caller)
+        else
+          debug_to_log("#{__method__} returning OK") if dbg
+          return myOK
+        end
+
+      rescue
+        errmsg = $!
+        if errmsg and errmsg.match(msg)
+          errmsg = ''
+        end
+        bail_out(browser, lnbr, "#{msg} #{errmsg}")
+      end
+
+      alias validate_browser validate
+
+      # @!endgroup Error Handling
+
+      # @!group Backward compatible usages
+
+      # Returns a reference to a browser window using the window's *:url* attribute. Calls attach_browser().
+      # @example
+      #  mainwindow = open_browser('www.google.com')
+      #  click(mainwindow, :button, :id, 'an id string')  # click a button that opens another browser window
+      #  popup = attach_browser_by_url(mainwindow, '[url of new window]')
+      # @param [Watir::Browser] browser A reference to the current browser window.
+      # @param [String, Regexp] what The value in the targeted attribute that uniquely identifies the new window
+      # @param [String] desc Contains a message or description intended to appear in the log and/or report output
+      # @return [Watir::Browser]
+      def attach_browser_by_url(browser, what, desc = '')
+        attach_browser(browser, :url, what, desc)
+      end
+
+      alias attach_browser_with_url attach_browser_by_url
+
+      # Returns a reference to a new browser window identified by its *:title* attribute.  Used to attach a new browser window to a variable
+      # which can then be passed to methods that require a *browser* parameter. Calls attach_browser().
+      # @param (see #attach_browser_by_url)
+      def attach_popup_by_title(browser, what, desc = '')
+        attach_popup(browser, :title, what, desc)
+      end
+
+      # Returns a reference to a new browser window identified by its *:url* attribute.  Used to attach a new browser window to a variable
+      # which can then be passed to methods that require a *browser* parameter. Calls attach_browser().
+      # @param (see #attach_browser_by_url)
+      def attach_popup_by_url(browser, what, desc = '')
+        attach_popup(browser, :url, what, desc)
+      end
+
+      alias get_popup_with_url attach_popup_by_url
+      alias attach_popup_with_url attach_popup_by_url
+      alias attach_iepopup attach_popup_by_url
+
+      # Close a popup browser window (non-modal) by clicking on a link with :title *what*.
+      # This method does not check to make sure the popup is actually closed.
+      # @param [Watir::Browser] popup A reference to the current popup browser window.
+      # @param [String, Regexp] what The value in the targeted attribute that uniquely identifies the new window
+      # @param [String] desc Contains a message or description intended to appear in the log and/or report output
+      # @return [Boolean] True if the click is successful.
+      def close_popup_by_button_title(popup, what, desc = '')
+        click(popup, :link, :title, what, desc)
+      end
+
+      # @!endgroup Backward
+
+
+    end
+  end
+end
+