avro 1.8.2 → 1.9.1

data/test/sample_ipc_client.rb

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 # "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 # with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 # 
-# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+# https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 # 
 # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

data/test/sample_ipc_http_client.rb

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 # "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 # with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 # 
-# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+# https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 # 
 # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

data/test/sample_ipc_http_server.rb

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 # "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 # with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 # 
-# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+# https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 # 
 # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

data/test/sample_ipc_server.rb

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 # "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 # with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 # 
-# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+# https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 # 
 # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

data/test/test_datafile.rb

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 # "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 # with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 #
-# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+# https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 #
 # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
@@ -20,13 +20,13 @@ require 'test_help'
 class TestDataFile < Test::Unit::TestCase
   HERE = File.expand_path File.dirname(__FILE__)
   def setup
-    if File.exists?(HERE + '/data.avr')
+    if File.exist?(HERE + '/data.avr')
       File.unlink(HERE + '/data.avr')
     end
   end
 
   def teardown
-    if File.exists?(HERE + '/data.avr')
+    if File.exist?(HERE + '/data.avr')
       File.unlink(HERE + '/data.avr')
     end
   end
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class TestDataFile < Test::Unit::TestCase
   "fields" : [
     {"name": "username", "type": "string"},
     {"name": "age", "type": "int"},
-    {"name": "verified", "type": "boolean", "default": "false"}
+    {"name": "verified", "type": "boolean", "default": false}
   ]}
 JSON
 

data/test/test_fingerprints.rb

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 # "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 # with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 #
-# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+# https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 #
 # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

data/test/test_help.rb

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 # "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 # with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 # 
-# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+# https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 # 
 # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

data/test/test_io.rb

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 # "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 # with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 #
-# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+# https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 #
 # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
@@ -84,6 +84,17 @@ EOS
     check_default(record_schema, '{"f": 11}', {"f" => 11})
   end
 
+  def test_record_with_logical_type
+    record_schema = <<EOS
+      {"type": "record",
+       "name": "Test",
+       "fields": [{"name": "ts",
+                   "type": {"type": "long",
+                            "logicalType": "timestamp-micros"}}]}
+EOS
+    check(record_schema)
+  end
+
   def test_error
     error_schema = <<EOS
       {"type": "error",
@@ -115,6 +126,7 @@ EOS
   def test_union
     union_schema = <<EOS
       ["string",
+       {"type": "int", "logicalType": "date"},
        "null",
        "long",
        {"type": "record",
@@ -146,10 +158,31 @@ EOS
     check_default(fixed_schema, '"a"', "a")
   end
 
+  def test_record_with_nil
+    schema = Avro::Schema.parse('{"type":"record", "name":"rec", "fields":[{"type":"int", "name":"i"}]}')
+    assert_raise(Avro::IO::AvroTypeError) do
+      write_datum(nil, schema)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_array_with_nil
+    schema = Avro::Schema.parse('{"type":"array", "items":"int"}')
+    assert_raise(Avro::IO::AvroTypeError) do
+      write_datum(nil, schema)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_map_with_nil
+    schema = Avro::Schema.parse('{"type":"map", "values":"long"}')
+    assert_raise(Avro::IO::AvroTypeError) do
+      write_datum(nil, schema)
+    end
+  end
+
   def test_enum_with_duplicate
     str = '{"type": "enum", "name": "Test","symbols" : ["AA", "AA"]}'
-    assert_raises(Avro::SchemaParseError) do
-      schema = Avro::Schema.parse str
+    assert_raises(Avro::SchemaParseError.new('Duplicate symbol: ["AA", "AA"]')) do
+      Avro::Schema.parse str
     end
   end
 
@@ -256,7 +289,7 @@ EOS
   end
 
   def test_skip_long
-    for value_to_skip, hex_encoding in BINARY_INT_ENCODINGS
+    for value_to_skip, _hex_encoding in BINARY_INT_ENCODINGS
       value_to_read = 6253
 
       # write some data in binary to string buffer
@@ -281,7 +314,7 @@ EOS
   end
 
   def test_skip_int
-    for value_to_skip, hex_encoding in BINARY_INT_ENCODINGS
+    for value_to_skip, _hex_encoding in BINARY_INT_ENCODINGS
       value_to_read = 6253
 
       writer = StringIO.new
@@ -331,7 +364,7 @@ EOS
       datum_to_write = 219
       for rs in promotable_schemas[(i + 1)..-1]
         readers_schema = Avro::Schema.parse(rs)
-        writer, enc, dw = write_datum(datum_to_write, writers_schema)
+        writer, _enc, _dw = write_datum(datum_to_write, writers_schema)
         datum_read = read_datum(writer, writers_schema, readers_schema)
         if datum_read != datum_to_write
           incorrect += 1
@@ -341,6 +374,40 @@ EOS
     end
   end
 
+  def test_interchangeable_schemas
+    interchangeable_schemas = ['"string"', '"bytes"']
+    incorrect = 0
+    interchangeable_schemas.each_with_index do |ws, i|
+      writers_schema = Avro::Schema.parse(ws)
+      datum_to_write = 'foo'
+      readers_schema = Avro::Schema.parse(interchangeable_schemas[i == 0 ? 1 : 0])
+      writer, * = write_datum(datum_to_write, writers_schema)
+      datum_read = read_datum(writer, writers_schema, readers_schema)
+      if datum_read != datum_to_write
+        incorrect += 1
+      end
+    end
+    assert_equal(incorrect, 0)
+  end
+
+  def test_array_schema_promotion
+    writers_schema = Avro::Schema.parse('{"type":"array", "items":"int"}')
+    readers_schema = Avro::Schema.parse('{"type":"array", "items":"long"}')
+    datum_to_write = [1, 2]
+    writer, * = write_datum(datum_to_write, writers_schema)
+    datum_read = read_datum(writer, writers_schema, readers_schema)
+    assert_equal(datum_read, datum_to_write)
+  end
+
+  def test_map_schema_promotion
+    writers_schema = Avro::Schema.parse('{"type":"map", "values":"int"}')
+    readers_schema = Avro::Schema.parse('{"type":"map", "values":"long"}')
+    datum_to_write = { 'foo' => 1, 'bar' => 2 }
+    writer, * = write_datum(datum_to_write, writers_schema)
+    datum_read = read_datum(writer, writers_schema, readers_schema)
+    assert_equal(datum_read, datum_to_write)
+  end
+
   def test_snappy_backward_compat
     # a snappy-compressed block payload without the checksum
     # this has no back-references, just one literal so the last 9
@@ -417,7 +484,7 @@ EOS
 
   def checkser(schm, randomdata)
     datum = randomdata.next
-    assert validate(schm, datum)
+    assert validate(schm, datum), 'datum is not valid for schema'
     w = Avro::IO::DatumWriter.new(schm)
     writer = StringIO.new "", "w"
     w.write(datum, Avro::IO::BinaryEncoder.new(writer))

data/test/test_logical_types.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+require 'test_help'
+
+class TestLogicalTypes < Test::Unit::TestCase
+  def test_int_date
+    schema = Avro::Schema.parse <<-SCHEMA
+      { "type": "int", "logicalType": "date" }
+    SCHEMA
+
+    assert_equal 'date', schema.logical_type
+    today = Date.today
+    assert_encode_and_decode today, schema
+    assert_preencoded Avro::LogicalTypes::IntDate.encode(today), schema, today
+  end
+
+  def test_int_date_conversion
+    type = Avro::LogicalTypes::IntDate
+
+    assert_equal 5, type.encode(Date.new(1970, 1, 6))
+    assert_equal 0, type.encode(Date.new(1970, 1, 1))
+    assert_equal(-5, type.encode(Date.new(1969, 12, 27)))
+
+    assert_equal Date.new(1970, 1, 6), type.decode(5)
+    assert_equal Date.new(1970, 1, 1), type.decode(0)
+    assert_equal Date.new(1969, 12, 27), type.decode(-5)
+  end
+
+  def test_timestamp_millis_long
+    schema = Avro::Schema.parse <<-SCHEMA
+      { "type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-millis" }
+    SCHEMA
+
+    # The Time.at format is (seconds, microseconds) since Epoch.
+    time = Time.at(628232400, 12000)
+
+    assert_equal 'timestamp-millis', schema.logical_type
+    assert_encode_and_decode time, schema
+    assert_preencoded Avro::LogicalTypes::TimestampMillis.encode(time), schema, time.utc
+  end
+
+  def test_timestamp_millis_long_conversion
+    type = Avro::LogicalTypes::TimestampMillis
+
+    now = Time.now.utc
+    now_millis = Time.utc(now.year, now.month, now.day, now.hour, now.min, now.sec, now.usec / 1000 * 1000)
+
+    assert_equal now_millis, type.decode(type.encode(now_millis))
+    assert_equal 1432849613221, type.encode(Time.utc(2015, 5, 28, 21, 46, 53, 221000))
+    assert_equal 1432849613221, type.encode(DateTime.new(2015, 5, 28, 21, 46, 53.221))
+    assert_equal Time.utc(2015, 5, 28, 21, 46, 53, 221000), type.decode(1432849613221)
+  end
+
+  def test_timestamp_micros_long
+    schema = Avro::Schema.parse <<-SCHEMA
+      { "type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-micros" }
+    SCHEMA
+
+    # The Time.at format is (seconds, microseconds) since Epoch.
+    time = Time.at(628232400, 12345)
+
+    assert_equal 'timestamp-micros', schema.logical_type
+    assert_encode_and_decode time, schema
+    assert_preencoded Avro::LogicalTypes::TimestampMicros.encode(time), schema, time.utc
+  end
+
+  def test_timestamp_micros_long_conversion
+    type = Avro::LogicalTypes::TimestampMicros
+
+    now = Time.now.utc
+
+    assert_equal Time.utc(now.year, now.month, now.day, now.hour, now.min, now.sec, now.usec), type.decode(type.encode(now))
+    assert_equal 1432849613221843, type.encode(Time.utc(2015, 5, 28, 21, 46, 53, 221843))
+    assert_equal 1432849613221843, type.encode(DateTime.new(2015, 5, 28, 21, 46, 53.221843))
+    assert_equal Time.utc(2015, 5, 28, 21, 46, 53, 221843), type.decode(1432849613221843)
+  end
+
+  def test_parse_fixed_duration
+    schema = Avro::Schema.parse <<-SCHEMA
+      { "type": "fixed", "size": 12, "name": "fixed_dur", "logicalType": "duration" }
+    SCHEMA
+
+    assert_equal 'duration', schema.logical_type
+  end
+
+  def encode(datum, schema)
+    buffer = StringIO.new("")
+    encoder = Avro::IO::BinaryEncoder.new(buffer)
+
+    datum_writer = Avro::IO::DatumWriter.new(schema)
+    datum_writer.write(datum, encoder)
+
+    buffer.string
+  end
+
+  def decode(encoded, schema)
+    buffer = StringIO.new(encoded)
+    decoder = Avro::IO::BinaryDecoder.new(buffer)
+
+    datum_reader = Avro::IO::DatumReader.new(schema, schema)
+    datum_reader.read(decoder)
+  end
+
+  def assert_encode_and_decode(datum, schema)
+    encoded = encode(datum, schema)
+    assert_equal datum, decode(encoded, schema)
+  end
+
+  def assert_preencoded(datum, schema, decoded)
+    encoded = encode(datum, schema)
+    assert_equal decoded, decode(encoded, schema)
+  end
+end

data/test/test_protocol.rb

@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
 # to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 # "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 # with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-# 
-# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-# 
+#
+# https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
 # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ EOS
 
 }
 EOS
-  ExampleProtocol.new(<<-EOS, true)
+  ExampleProtocol.new(<<-EOS, true),
 {"namespace": "org.apache.avro.test",
  "protocol": "BulkData",
 
@@ -160,6 +160,29 @@ EOS
  }
 
 }
+EOS
+  ExampleProtocol.new(<<-EOS, true),
+{
+  "namespace": "com.acme",
+  "protocol": "HelloWorld",
+  "doc": "protocol_documentation",
+
+  "types": [
+    {"name": "Greeting", "type": "record", "fields": [
+      {"name": "message", "type": "string"}]},
+    {"name": "Curse", "type": "error", "fields": [
+      {"name": "message", "type": "string"}]}
+  ],
+
+  "messages": {
+    "hello": {
+      "doc": "message_documentation",
+      "request": [{"name": "greeting", "type": "Greeting" }],
+      "response": "Greeting",
+      "errors": ["Curse"]
+    }
+  }
+}
 EOS
 ]
 
@@ -196,4 +219,14 @@ EOS
       assert_equal type.namespace, 'com.acme'
     end
   end
+
+  def test_protocol_doc_attribute
+    original = Protocol.parse(EXAMPLES.last.protocol_string)
+    assert_equal 'protocol_documentation', original.doc
+  end
+
+  def test_protocol_message_doc_attribute
+    original = Protocol.parse(EXAMPLES.last.protocol_string)
+    assert_equal 'message_documentation', original.messages['hello'].doc
+  end
 end

data/test/test_schema.rb

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 # "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 # with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 #
-# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+# https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 #
 # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
@@ -17,6 +17,10 @@
 require 'test_help'
 
 class TestSchema < Test::Unit::TestCase
+  def hash_to_schema(hash)
+    Avro::Schema.parse(hash.to_json)
+  end
+
   def test_default_namespace
     schema = Avro::Schema.parse <<-SCHEMA
       {"type": "record", "name": "OuterRecord", "fields": [
@@ -27,13 +31,13 @@ class TestSchema < Test::Unit::TestCase
       ]}
     SCHEMA
 
-    assert_equal schema.name, 'OuterRecord'
-    assert_equal schema.fullname, 'OuterRecord'
+    assert_equal 'OuterRecord', schema.name
+    assert_equal 'OuterRecord', schema.fullname
     assert_nil schema.namespace
 
     schema.fields.each do |field|
-      assert_equal field.type.name, 'InnerRecord'
-      assert_equal field.type.fullname, 'InnerRecord'
+      assert_equal 'InnerRecord', field.type.name
+      assert_equal 'InnerRecord', field.type.fullname
       assert_nil field.type.namespace
     end
   end
@@ -50,13 +54,13 @@ class TestSchema < Test::Unit::TestCase
       ]}
     SCHEMA
 
-    assert_equal schema.name, 'OuterRecord'
-    assert_equal schema.fullname, 'my.name.space.OuterRecord'
-    assert_equal schema.namespace, 'my.name.space'
+    assert_equal 'OuterRecord', schema.name
+    assert_equal 'my.name.space.OuterRecord', schema.fullname
+    assert_equal 'my.name.space', schema.namespace
     schema.fields.each do |field|
-      assert_equal field.type.name, 'InnerRecord'
-      assert_equal field.type.fullname, 'my.name.space.InnerRecord'
-      assert_equal field.type.namespace, 'my.name.space'
+      assert_equal 'InnerRecord', field.type.name
+      assert_equal 'my.name.space.InnerRecord', field.type.fullname
+      assert_equal 'my.name.space', field.type.namespace
     end
   end
 
@@ -71,13 +75,13 @@ class TestSchema < Test::Unit::TestCase
       ]}
     SCHEMA
 
-    assert_equal schema.name, 'OuterRecord'
-    assert_equal schema.fullname, 'my.name.space.OuterRecord'
-    assert_equal schema.namespace, 'my.name.space'
+    assert_equal 'OuterRecord', schema.name
+    assert_equal 'my.name.space.OuterRecord', schema.fullname
+    assert_equal 'my.name.space', schema.namespace
     schema.fields.each do |field|
-      assert_equal field.type.name, 'InnerEnum'
-      assert_equal field.type.fullname, 'my.name.space.InnerEnum'
-      assert_equal field.type.namespace, 'my.name.space'
+      assert_equal 'InnerEnum', field.type.name
+      assert_equal 'my.name.space.InnerEnum', field.type.fullname
+      assert_equal 'my.name.space', field.type.namespace
     end
   end
 
@@ -96,18 +100,18 @@ class TestSchema < Test::Unit::TestCase
       ]}
     SCHEMA
 
-    assert_equal schema.name, 'OuterRecord'
-    assert_equal schema.fullname, 'outer.OuterRecord'
-    assert_equal schema.namespace, 'outer'
+    assert_equal 'OuterRecord', schema.name
+    assert_equal 'outer.OuterRecord', schema.fullname
+    assert_equal 'outer', schema.namespace
     middle = schema.fields.first.type
-    assert_equal middle.name, 'MiddleRecord'
-    assert_equal middle.fullname, 'middle.MiddleRecord'
-    assert_equal middle.namespace, 'middle'
+    assert_equal 'MiddleRecord', middle.name
+    assert_equal 'middle.MiddleRecord', middle.fullname
+    assert_equal 'middle', middle.namespace
     inner = middle.fields.first.type
-    assert_equal inner.name, 'InnerRecord'
-    assert_equal inner.fullname, 'middle.InnerRecord'
-    assert_equal inner.namespace, 'middle'
-    assert_equal inner.fields.first.type, middle
+    assert_equal 'InnerRecord', inner.name
+    assert_equal 'middle.InnerRecord', inner.fullname
+    assert_equal 'middle', inner.namespace
+    assert_equal middle, inner.fields.first.type
   end
 
   def test_to_avro_includes_namespaces
@@ -120,7 +124,7 @@ class TestSchema < Test::Unit::TestCase
       ]}
     SCHEMA
 
-    assert_equal schema.to_avro, {
+    assert_equal({
       'type' => 'record', 'name' => 'OuterRecord', 'namespace' => 'my.name.space',
       'fields' => [
         {'name' => 'definition', 'type' => {
@@ -129,6 +133,21 @@ class TestSchema < Test::Unit::TestCase
         }},
         {'name' => 'reference', 'type' => 'my.name.space.InnerFixed'}
       ]
+    }, schema.to_avro)
+  end
+
+  def test_to_avro_includes_logical_type
+    schema = Avro::Schema.parse <<-SCHEMA
+      {"type": "record", "name": "has_logical", "fields": [
+        {"name": "dt", "type": {"type": "int", "logicalType": "date"}}]
+      }
+    SCHEMA
+
+    assert_equal schema.to_avro, {
+      'type' => 'record', 'name' => 'has_logical',
+      'fields' => [
+        {'name' => 'dt', 'type' => {'type' => 'int', 'logicalType' => 'date'}}
+      ]
     }
   end
 
@@ -160,4 +179,281 @@ class TestSchema < Test::Unit::TestCase
       ]
     }
   end
+
+  def test_record_field_doc_attribute
+    field_schema_json = Avro::Schema.parse <<-SCHEMA
+      {
+        "type": "record",
+        "name": "Record",
+        "namespace": "my.name.space",
+        "fields": [
+          {
+            "name": "name",
+            "type": "boolean",
+            "doc": "documentation"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    SCHEMA
+
+    field_schema_hash =
+      {
+        'type' => 'record',
+        'name' => 'Record',
+        'namespace' => 'my.name.space',
+        'fields' => [
+          {
+            'name' => 'name',
+            'type' => 'boolean',
+            'doc' => 'documentation'
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+
+    assert_equal field_schema_hash, field_schema_json.to_avro
+  end
+
+  def test_record_doc_attribute
+    record_schema_json = Avro::Schema.parse <<-SCHEMA
+      {
+        "type": "record",
+        "name": "Record",
+        "namespace": "my.name.space",
+        "doc": "documentation",
+        "fields": [
+          {
+            "name": "name",
+            "type": "boolean"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    SCHEMA
+
+    record_schema_hash =
+      {
+        'type' => 'record',
+        'name' => 'Record',
+        'namespace' => 'my.name.space',
+        'doc' => 'documentation',
+        'fields' => [
+          {
+            'name' => 'name',
+            'type' => 'boolean'
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+
+    assert_equal record_schema_hash, record_schema_json.to_avro
+  end
+
+  def test_enum_doc_attribute
+    enum_schema_json = Avro::Schema.parse <<-SCHEMA
+      {
+        "type": "enum",
+        "name": "Enum",
+        "namespace": "my.name.space",
+        "doc": "documentation",
+        "symbols" : [
+          "SPADES",
+          "HEARTS",
+          "DIAMONDS",
+          "CLUBS"
+        ]
+      }
+    SCHEMA
+
+    enum_schema_hash =
+      {
+        'type' => 'enum',
+        'name' => 'Enum',
+        'namespace' => 'my.name.space',
+        'doc' => 'documentation',
+        'symbols' => [
+          'SPADES',
+          'HEARTS',
+          'DIAMONDS',
+          'CLUBS'
+        ]
+      }
+    assert_equal enum_schema_hash, enum_schema_json.to_avro
+  end
+
+  def test_empty_record
+    schema = Avro::Schema.parse('{"type":"record", "name":"Empty"}')
+    assert_empty(schema.fields)
+  end
+
+  def test_empty_union
+    schema = Avro::Schema.parse('[]')
+    assert_equal(schema.to_s, '[]')
+  end
+
+  def test_read
+    schema = Avro::Schema.parse('"string"')
+    writer_schema = Avro::Schema.parse('"int"')
+    assert_false(schema.read?(writer_schema))
+    assert_true(schema.read?(schema))
+  end
+
+  def test_be_read
+    schema = Avro::Schema.parse('"string"')
+    writer_schema = Avro::Schema.parse('"int"')
+    assert_false(schema.be_read?(writer_schema))
+    assert_true(schema.be_read?(schema))
+  end
+
+  def test_mutual_read
+    schema = Avro::Schema.parse('"string"')
+    writer_schema = Avro::Schema.parse('"int"')
+    default1 = Avro::Schema.parse('{"type":"record", "name":"Default", "fields":[{"name":"i", "type":"int", "default": 1}]}')
+    default2 = Avro::Schema.parse('{"type":"record", "name":"Default", "fields":[{"name:":"s", "type":"string", "default": ""}]}')
+    assert_false(schema.mutual_read?(writer_schema))
+    assert_true(schema.mutual_read?(schema))
+    assert_true(default1.mutual_read?(default2))
+  end
+
+  def test_validate_defaults
+    exception = assert_raise(Avro::SchemaParseError) do
+      hash_to_schema(
+        type: 'record',
+        name: 'fruits',
+        fields: [
+          {
+            name: 'veggies',
+            type: 'string',
+            default: nil
+          }
+        ]
+      )
+    end
+    assert_equal('Error validating default for veggies: at . expected type string, got null',
+                 exception.to_s)
+  end
+
+  def test_field_default_validation_disabled
+    Avro.disable_field_default_validation = true
+    assert_nothing_raised do
+      hash_to_schema(
+        type: 'record',
+        name: 'fruits',
+        fields: [
+          {
+            name: 'veggies',
+            type: 'string',
+            default: nil
+          }
+        ]
+      )
+    end
+  ensure
+    Avro.disable_field_default_validation = false
+  end
+
+  def test_field_default_validation_disabled_via_env
+    Avro.disable_field_default_validation = false
+    ENV['AVRO_DISABLE_FIELD_DEFAULT_VALIDATION'] = "1"
+
+    assert_nothing_raised do
+      hash_to_schema(
+        type: 'record',
+        name: 'fruits',
+        fields: [
+          {
+            name: 'veggies',
+            type: 'string',
+            default: nil
+          }
+        ]
+      )
+    end
+  ensure
+    ENV.delete('AVRO_DISABLE_FIELD_DEFAULT_VALIDATION')
+    Avro.disable_field_default_validation = false
+  end
+
+  def test_validate_record_valid_default
+    assert_nothing_raised(Avro::SchemaParseError) do
+      hash_to_schema(
+        type: 'record',
+        name: 'with_subrecord',
+        fields: [
+          {
+            name: 'sub',
+            type: {
+              name: 'subrecord',
+              type: 'record',
+              fields: [
+                { type: 'string', name: 'x' }
+              ]
+            },
+            default: {
+              x: "y"
+            }
+          }
+        ]
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_validate_record_invalid_default
+    exception = assert_raise(Avro::SchemaParseError) do
+      hash_to_schema(
+        type: 'record',
+        name: 'with_subrecord',
+        fields: [
+          {
+            name: 'sub',
+            type: {
+              name: 'subrecord',
+              type: 'record',
+              fields: [
+                { type: 'string', name: 'x' }
+              ]
+            },
+            default: {
+              a: 1
+            }
+          }
+        ]
+      )
+    end
+    assert_equal('Error validating default for sub: at .x expected type string, got null',
+                 exception.to_s)
+  end
+
+  def test_validate_union_defaults
+    exception = assert_raise(Avro::SchemaParseError) do
+      hash_to_schema(
+        type: 'record',
+        name: 'fruits',
+        fields: [
+          {
+            name: 'veggies',
+            type: %w(string null),
+            default: 5
+          }
+        ]
+      )
+    end
+    assert_equal('Error validating default for veggies: at . expected type string, got int with value 5',
+                 exception.to_s)
+  end
+
+  def test_validate_union_default_first_type
+    exception = assert_raise(Avro::SchemaParseError) do
+      hash_to_schema(
+        type: 'record',
+        name: 'fruits',
+        fields: [
+          {
+            name: 'veggies',
+            type: %w(null string),
+            default: 'apple'
+          }
+        ]
+      )
+    end
+    assert_equal('Error validating default for veggies: at . expected type null, got string with value "apple"',
+                 exception.to_s)
+    end
 end