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data/test/dummy/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-5.0.1/CHANGELOG.md

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+## Rails 5.0.1 (December 21, 2016) ##
+
+*   No changes.
+
+
+## Rails 5.0.1.rc2 (December 10, 2016) ##
+
+*   Correct resolution of associated class in `has_many :through`
+    associations' `*_ids` setters.
+
+    Fixes #27297.
+
+    *Matthew Draper*
+
+*   Support index length and order options using both string and symbol
+    column names.
+
+    Fixes #27243.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+
+## Rails 5.0.1.rc1 (December 01, 2016) ##
+
+*   Fix that unsigned with zerofill is treated as signed.
+
+    Fixes #27125.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Fix the uniqueness validation scope with a polymorphic association.
+
+    *Sergey Alekseev*
+
+*   Raise ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound from collection `*_ids` setters
+    for unknown IDs with a better error message.
+
+    Changes the collection `*_ids` setters to cast provided IDs the data
+    type of the primary key set in the association, not the model
+    primary key.
+
+    *Dominic Cleal*
+
+*   Introduce `Model#reload_<association>` to bring back the behavior
+    of `Article.category(true)` where `category` is a singular
+    association.
+
+    The force reloading of the association reader was deprecated
+    in #20888. Unfortunately the suggested alternative of
+    `article.reload.category` does not expose the same behavior.
+
+    This patch adds a reader method with the prefix `reload_` for
+    singular associations. This method has the same semantics as
+    passing true to the association reader used to have.
+
+    *Yves Senn*
+
+*   Make sure eager loading `ActiveRecord::Associations` also loads
+    constants defined in `ActiveRecord::Associations::Preloader`.
+
+    *Yves Senn*
+
+*   Allow `ActionController::Parameters`-like objects to be passed as
+    values for Postgres HStore columns.
+
+    Fixes #26904.
+
+    *Jon Moss*
+
+*   Configure query caching (per thread) on the connection pool.
+
+    Moving the configuration to the pool means we don't allocate a connection
+    until it's actually needed.
+
+    Applications that manually interact with the connection pool and/or query
+    cache may notice that the connection's cache is now cleared and disabled
+    when it gets returned to the pool, even if the request is not yet completed.
+
+    *Samuel Cochran*, *Matthew Draper*
+
+*   Fixed support for case insensitive comparisons of `text` columns in
+    PostgreSQL.
+
+    *Edho Arief*
+
+*   Return `true` from `update_attribute` when the value of the attribute
+    to be updated is unchanged.
+
+    Fixes #26593.
+
+    *Prathamesh Sonpatki*
+
+*   Serialize JSON attribute value `nil` as SQL `NULL`, not JSON `null`
+
+    *Trung Duc Tran*
+
+*   Always store errors details information with symbols.
+
+    When the association is autosaved we were storing the details with
+    string keys. This was creating inconsistency with other details that are
+    added using the `Errors#add` method. It was also inconsistent with the
+    `Errors#messages` storage.
+
+    To fix this inconsistency we are always storing with symbols. This will
+    cause a small breaking change because in those cases the details could
+    be accessed as strings keys but now it can not.
+
+    Fix #26499.
+
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*, *Marcus Vieira*
+
+*   Using a mysql2 connection after it fails to reconnect will now have an error message
+    saying the connection is closed rather than an undefined method error message.
+
+    *Dylan Thacker-Smith*
+
+*   Remove unnecessarily association load when a `belongs_to` association has already been
+    loaded then the foreign key is changed directly and the record saved.
+
+    *James Coleman*
+
+*   PostgreSQL array columns will now respect the encoding of strings contained
+    in the array.
+
+    Fixes #26326.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   Inverse association instances will now be set before `after_find` or
+    `after_initialize` callbacks are run.
+
+    Fixes #26320.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   Avoid loading records from database when they are already loaded using
+    the `pluck` method on a collection.
+
+    Fixes #25921.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Sqlite3 migrations to add a column to an existing table can now be
+    successfully rolled back when the column was given and invalid column
+    type.
+
+    Fixes #26087
+
+    *Travis O'Neill*
+
+*   Hashes can once again be passed to setters of `composed_of`, if all of the
+    mapping methods are methods implemented on `Hash`.
+
+    Fixes #25978.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   Doing count on relations that contain LEFT OUTER JOIN Arel node no longer
+    force a DISTINCT. This solves issues when using count after a left_joins.
+
+    *Maxime Handfield Lapointe*
+
+*   RecordNotFound raised by association.find exposes `id`, `primary_key` and
+    `model` methods to be consistent with RecordNotFound raised by Record.find.
+
+    *Michel Pigassou*
+
+*   Fix the SELECT statement in `#table_comment` for MySQL.
+
+    *Takeshi Akima*
+
+*   Virtual attributes will no longer raise when read on models loaded from the
+    database
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   Fixes multi-parameter attributes conversion with invalid params.
+
+    *Hiroyuki Ishii*
+
+*   Add newline between each migration in `structure.sql`.
+
+    Keeps schema migration inserts as a single commit, but allows for easier
+    git diff-ing. Fixes #25504.
+
+    *Grey Baker*, *Norberto Lopes*
+
+*   Using `group` with an attribute that has a custom type will properly cast
+    the hash keys after calling a calculation method like `count`.
+
+    Fixes #25595.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   Ensure concurrent invocations of the connection reaper cannot allocate the
+    same connection to two threads.
+
+    Fixes #25585.
+
+    *Matthew Draper*
+
+*   Fixed dumping of foreign key's referential actions when MySQL connection
+    uses `sql_mode = ANSI_QUOTES`.
+
+    Fixes #25300.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+
+## Rails 5.0.0 (June 30, 2016) ##
+
+*   Inspecting an object with an associated array of over 10 elements no longer
+    truncates the array, preventing `inspect` from looping infinitely in some
+    cases.
+
+    *Kevin McPhillips*
+
+*   Ensure hashes can be assigned to attributes created using `composed_of`.
+
+    Fixes #25210.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   Fix logging edge case where if an attribute was of the binary type and
+    was provided as a Hash.
+
+    *Jon Moss*
+
+*   Handle JSON deserialization correctly if the column default from database
+    adapter returns `''` instead of `nil`.
+
+    *Johannes Opper*
+
+*   PostgreSQL: Support Expression Indexes and Operator Classes.
+
+    Example:
+
+        create_table :users do |t|
+          t.string :name
+          t.index 'lower(name) varchar_pattern_ops'
+        end
+
+    Fixes #19090, #21765, #21819, #24359.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   MySQL: Prepared statements support.
+
+    To enable, set `prepared_statements: true` in config/database.yml.
+    Requires mysql2 0.4.4+.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Schema dumper: Indexes are now included in the `create_table` block
+    instead of listed afterward as separate `add_index` lines.
+
+    This tidies up schema.rb and makes it easy to read as a list of tables.
+
+    Bonus: Allows databases that support it (MySQL) to perform as single
+    `CREATE TABLE` query, no additional query per index.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   SQLite: Fix uniqueness validation when values exceed the column limit.
+
+    SQLite doesn't impose length restrictions on strings, BLOBs, or numeric
+    values. It treats them as helpful metadata. When we truncate strings
+    before checking uniqueness, we'd miss values that exceed the column limit.
+
+    Other databases enforce length limits. A large value will pass uniqueness
+    validation since the column limit guarantees no value that long exists.
+    When we insert the row, it'll raise `ActiveRecord::ValueTooLong` as we
+    expect.
+
+    This fixes edge-case incorrect validation failures for values that exceed
+    the column limit but are identical to an existing value *when truncated*.
+    Now these will pass validation and raise an exception.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Raise `ActiveRecord::ValueTooLong` when column limits are exceeded.
+    Supported by MySQL and PostgreSQL adapters.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Migrations: `#foreign_key` respects `table_name_prefix` and `_suffix`.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   SQLite: Force NOT NULL primary keys.
+
+    From SQLite docs: https://www.sqlite.org/lang_createtable.html
+        According to the SQL standard, PRIMARY KEY should always imply NOT
+        NULL. Unfortunately, due to a bug in some early versions, this is not
+        the case in SQLite. Unless the column is an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY or the
+        table is a WITHOUT ROWID table or the column is declared NOT NULL,
+        SQLite allows NULL values in a PRIMARY KEY column. SQLite could be
+        fixed to conform to the standard, but doing so might break legacy
+        applications. Hence, it has been decided to merely document the fact
+        that SQLite allowing NULLs in most PRIMARY KEY columns.
+
+    Now we override column options to explicitly set NOT NULL rather than rely
+    on implicit NOT NULL like MySQL and PostgreSQL adapters.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Added notice when a database is successfully created or dropped.
+
+    Example:
+
+        $ bin/rails db:create
+        Created database 'blog_development'
+        Created database 'blog_test'
+
+        $ bin/rails db:drop
+        Dropped database 'blog_development'
+        Dropped database 'blog_test'
+
+    Changed older notices
+    `blog_development already exists` to `Database 'blog_development' already exists`.
+    and
+    `Couldn't drop blog_development` to `Couldn't drop database 'blog_development'`.
+
+    *bogdanvlviv*
+
+*   Database comments. Annotate database objects (tables, columns, indexes)
+    with comments stored in database metadata. PostgreSQL & MySQL support.
+
+        create_table :pages, force: :cascade, comment: 'CMS content pages' do |t|
+          t.string :path,   comment: 'Path fragment of page URL used for routing'
+          t.string :locale, comment: 'RFC 3066 locale code of website language section'
+          t.index [:path, :locale], comment: 'Look up pages by URI'
+        end
+
+    *Andrey Novikov*
+
+*   Add `quoted_time` for truncating the date part of a TIME column value.
+    This fixes queries on TIME column on MariaDB, as it doesn't ignore the
+    date part of the string when it coerces to time.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Properly accept all valid JSON primitives in the JSON data type.
+
+    Fixes #24234
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   MariaDB 5.3+ supports microsecond datetime precision.
+
+    *Jeremy Daer*
+
+*   Delegate `none?` and `one?`. Now they can be invoked as model class methods.
+
+    Example:
+
+        # When no record is found on the table
+        Topic.none?  # => true
+
+        # When only one record is found on the table
+        Topic.one?   # => true
+
+    *Kenta Shirai*
+
+*   The form builder now properly displays values when passing a proc form
+    default to the attributes API.
+
+    Fixes #24249.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   The schema cache is now cleared after the `db:migrate` task is run.
+
+    Closes #24273.
+
+    *Chris Arcand*
+
+*   MySQL: strict mode respects other SQL modes rather than overwriting them.
+    Setting `strict: true` adds `STRICT_ALL_TABLES` to `sql_mode`. Setting
+    `strict: false` removes `STRICT_TRANS_TABLES`, `STRICT_ALL_TABLES`, and
+    `TRADITIONAL` from `sql_mode`.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Execute default_scope defined by abstract class in the context of subclass.
+
+    Fixes #23413.
+    Fixes #10658.
+
+    *Mehmet Emin İNAÇ*
+
+*   Fix an issue when preloading associations with extensions.
+    Previously every association with extension methods was transformed into an
+    instance dependent scope. This is no longer the case.
+
+    Fixes #23934.
+
+    *Yves Senn*
+
+*   Deprecate `{insert|update|delete}_sql` in `DatabaseStatements`.
+    Use the `{insert|update|delete}` public methods instead.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Added a configuration option to have active record raise an ArgumentError
+    if the order or limit is ignored in a batch query, rather than logging a
+    warning message.
+
+    *Scott Ringwelski*
+
+*   Honour the order of the joining model in a `has_many :through` association when eager loading.
+
+    Example:
+
+    The below will now follow the order of `by_lines` when eager loading `authors`.
+
+        class Article < ActiveRecord::Base
+          has_many :by_lines, -> { order(:position) }
+          has_many :authors, through: :by_lines
+        end
+
+    Fixes #17864.
+
+    *Yasyf Mohamedali*, *Joel Turkel*
+
+*   Ensure that the Suppressor runs before validations.
+
+    This moves the suppressor up to be run before validations rather than after
+    validations. There's no reason to validate a record you aren't planning on saving.
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+
+*   Save many-to-many objects based on association primary key.
+
+    Fixes #20995.
+
+    *himesh-r*
+
+*   Ensure that mutations of the array returned from `ActiveRecord::Relation#to_a`
+    do not affect the original relation, by returning a duplicate array each time.
+
+    This brings the behavior in line with `CollectionProxy#to_a`, which was
+    already more careful.
+
+    *Matthew Draper*
+
+*   Fixed `where` for polymorphic associations when passed an array containing different types.
+
+    Fixes #17011.
+
+    Example:
+
+        PriceEstimate.where(estimate_of: [Treasure.find(1), Car.find(2)])
+        # => SELECT "price_estimates".* FROM "price_estimates"
+             WHERE (("price_estimates"."estimate_of_type" = 'Treasure' AND "price_estimates"."estimate_of_id" = 1)
+             OR ("price_estimates"."estimate_of_type" = 'Car' AND "price_estimates"."estimate_of_id" = 2))
+
+    *Philippe Huibonhoa*
+
+*   Fix a bug where using `t.foreign_key` twice with the same `to_table` within
+    the same table definition would only create one foreign key.
+
+    *George Millo*
+
+*   Fix a regression on has many association, where calling a child from parent in child's callback
+    results in same child records getting added repeatedly to target.
+
+    Fixes #13387.
+
+    *Bogdan Gusiev*, *Jon Hinson*
+
+*   Rework `ActiveRecord::Relation#last`.
+
+    1. Never perform additional SQL on loaded relation
+    2. Use SQL reverse order instead of loading relation if relation doesn't have limit
+    3. Deprecated relation loading when SQL order can not be automatically reversed
+
+        Topic.order("title").load.last(3)
+          # before: SELECT ...
+          # after: No SQL
+
+        Topic.order("title").last
+          # before: SELECT * FROM `topics`
+          # after:  SELECT * FROM `topics` ORDER BY `topics`.`title` DESC LIMIT 1
+
+        Topic.order("coalesce(author, title)").last
+          # before: SELECT * FROM `topics`
+          # after:  Deprecation Warning for irreversible order
+
+    *Bogdan Gusiev*
+
+*   Allow `joins` to be unscoped.
+
+    Fixes #13775.
+
+    *Takashi Kokubun*
+
+*   Add `#second_to_last` and `#third_to_last` finder methods.
+
+    *Brian Christian*
+
+*   Added `numeric` helper into migrations.
+
+    Example:
+
+        create_table(:numeric_types) do |t|
+          t.numeric :numeric_type, precision: 10, scale: 2
+        end
+
+    *Mehmet Emin İNAÇ*
+
+*   Bumped the minimum supported version of PostgreSQL to >= 9.1.
+    Both PG 9.0 and 8.4 are past their end of life date:
+    http://www.postgresql.org/support/versioning/
+
+    *Remo Mueller*
+
+*   `ActiveRecord::Relation#reverse_order` throws `ActiveRecord::IrreversibleOrderError`
+    when the order can not be reversed using current trivial algorithm.
+    Also raises the same error when `#reverse_order` is called on
+    relation without any order and table has no primary key:
+
+        Topic.order("concat(author_name, title)").reverse_order
+          # Before: SELECT `topics`.* FROM `topics` ORDER BY concat(author_name DESC, title) DESC
+          # After: raises ActiveRecord::IrreversibleOrderError
+        Edge.all.reverse_order
+          # Before: SELECT `edges`.* FROM `edges` ORDER BY `edges`.`` DESC
+          # After: raises ActiveRecord::IrreversibleOrderError
+
+    *Bogdan Gusiev*
+
+*   Improve schema_migrations insertion performance by inserting all versions
+    in one INSERT SQL.
+
+    *Akira Matsuda*, *Naoto Koshikawa*
+
+*   Using `references` or `belongs_to` in migrations will always add index
+    for the referenced column by default, without adding `index: true` option
+    to generated migration file. Users can opt out of this by passing
+    `index: false`.
+
+    Fixes #18146.
+
+    *Matthew Draper*, *Prathamesh Sonpatki*
+
+*   Run `type` attributes through attributes API type-casting before
+    instantiating the corresponding subclass. This makes it possible to define
+    custom STI mappings.
+
+    Fixes #21986.
+
+    *Yves Senn*
+
+*   Don't try to quote functions or expressions passed to `:default` option if
+    they are passed as procs.
+
+    This will generate proper query with the passed function or expression for
+    the default option, instead of trying to quote it in incorrect fashion.
+
+    Example:
+
+        create_table :posts do |t|
+          t.datetime :published_at, default: -> { 'NOW()' }
+        end
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Fix regression when loading fixture files with symbol keys.
+
+    Fixes #22584.
+
+    *Yves Senn*
+
+*   Use `version` column as primary key for schema_migrations table because
+    `schema_migrations` versions are guaranteed to be unique.
+
+    This makes it possible to use `update_attributes` on models that do
+    not have a primary key.
+
+    *Richard Schneeman*
+
+*   Add short-hand methods for text and blob types in MySQL.
+
+    In Pg and Sqlite3, `:text` and `:binary` have variable unlimited length.
+    But in MySQL, these have limited length for each types (ref #21591, #21619).
+    This change adds short-hand methods for each text and blob types.
+
+    Example:
+
+        create_table :foos do |t|
+          t.tinyblob   :tiny_blob
+          t.mediumblob :medium_blob
+          t.longblob   :long_blob
+          t.tinytext   :tiny_text
+          t.mediumtext :medium_text
+          t.longtext   :long_text
+        end
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Take into account UTC offset when assigning string representation of
+    timestamp with offset specified to attribute of time type.
+
+    *Andrey Novikov*
+
+*   When calling `first` with a `limit` argument, return directly from the
+    `loaded?` records if available.
+
+    *Ben Woosley*
+
+*   Deprecate sending the `offset` argument to `find_nth`. Please use the
+    `offset` method on relation instead.
+
+    *Ben Woosley*
+
+*   Limit record touching to once per transaction.
+
+    If you have a parent/grand-parent relation like:
+
+        Comment belongs_to :message, touch: true
+        Message belongs_to :project, touch: true
+        Project belongs_to :account, touch: true
+
+    When the lowest entry(`Comment`) is saved, now, it won't repeat the touch
+    call multiple times for the parent records.
+
+    Related #18606.
+
+    *arthurnn*
+
+*   Order the result of `find(ids)` to match the passed array, if the relation
+    has no explicit order defined.
+
+    Fixes #20338.
+
+    *Miguel Grazziotin*, *Matthew Draper*
+
+*   Omit default limit values in dumped schema. It's tidier, and if the defaults
+    change in the future, we can address that via Migration API Versioning.
+
+    *Jean Boussier*
+
+*   Support passing the schema name as a prefix to table name in
+    `ConnectionAdapters::SchemaStatements#indexes`. Previously the prefix would
+    be considered a full part of the index name, and only the schema in the
+    current search path would be considered.
+
+    *Grey Baker*
+
+*   Ignore index name in `index_exists?` and `remove_index` when not passed a
+    name to check for.
+
+    *Grey Baker*
+
+*   Extract support for the legacy `mysql` database adapter from core. It will
+    live on in a separate gem for now, but most users should just use `mysql2`.
+
+    *Abdelkader Boudih*
+
+*   ApplicationRecord is a new superclass for all app models, analogous to app
+    controllers subclassing ApplicationController instead of
+    ActionController::Base. This gives apps a single spot to configure app-wide
+    model behavior.
+
+    Newly generated applications have `app/models/application_record.rb`
+    present by default.
+
+    *Genadi Samokovarov*
+
+*   Version the API presented to migration classes, so we can change parameter
+    defaults without breaking existing migrations, or forcing them to be
+    rewritten through a deprecation cycle.
+
+    New migrations specify the Rails version they were written for:
+
+        class AddStatusToOrders < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
+          def change
+            # ...
+          end
+        end
+
+    *Matthew Draper*, *Ravil Bayramgalin*
+
+*   Use bind params for `limit` and `offset`. This will generate significantly
+    fewer prepared statements for common tasks like pagination. To support this
+    change, passing a string containing a comma to `limit` has been deprecated,
+    and passing an Arel node to `limit` is no longer supported.
+
+    Fixes #22250.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   Introduce after_{create,update,delete}_commit callbacks.
+
+    Before:
+
+        after_commit :add_to_index_later, on: :create
+        after_commit :update_in_index_later, on: :update
+        after_commit :remove_from_index_later, on: :destroy
+
+    After:
+
+        after_create_commit  :add_to_index_later
+        after_update_commit  :update_in_index_later
+        after_destroy_commit :remove_from_index_later
+
+    Fixes #22515.
+
+    *Genadi Samokovarov*
+
+*   Respect the column default values for `inheritance_column` when
+    instantiating records through the base class.
+
+    Fixes #17121.
+
+    Example:
+
+        # The schema of BaseModel has `t.string :type, default: 'SubType'`
+        subtype = BaseModel.new
+        assert_equals SubType, subtype.class
+
+    *Kuldeep Aggarwal*
+
+*   Fix `rake db:structure:dump` on Postgres when multiple schemas are used.
+
+    Fixes #22346.
+
+    *Nick Muerdter*, *ckoenig*
+
+*   Add schema dumping support for PostgreSQL geometric data types.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Except keys of `build_record`'s argument from `create_scope` in `initialize_attributes`.
+
+    Fixes #21893.
+
+    *Yuichiro Kaneko*
+
+*   Deprecate `connection.tables` on the SQLite3 and MySQL adapters.
+    Also deprecate passing arguments to `#tables`.
+    And deprecate `table_exists?`.
+
+    The `#tables` method of some adapters (mysql, mysql2, sqlite3) would return
+    both tables and views while others (postgresql) just return tables. To make
+    their behavior consistent, `#tables` will return only tables in the future.
+
+    The `#table_exists?` method would check both tables and views. To make
+    their behavior consistent with `#tables`, `#table_exists?` will check only
+    tables in the future.
+
+    *Yuichiro Kaneko*
+
+*   Improve support for non Active Record objects on `validates_associated`
+
+    Skipping `marked_for_destruction?` when the associated object does not responds
+    to it make easier to validate virtual associations built on top of Active Model
+    objects and/or serialized objects that implement a `valid?` instance method.
+
+    *Kassio Borges*, *Lucas Mazza*
+
+*   Change connection management middleware to return a new response with
+    a body proxy, rather than mutating the original.
+
+    *Kevin Buchanan*
+
+*   Make `db:migrate:status` to render `1_some.rb` format migrate files.
+
+    These files are in `db/migrate`:
+
+        * 1_valid_people_have_last_names.rb
+        * 20150819202140_irreversible_migration.rb
+        * 20150823202140_add_admin_flag_to_users.rb
+        * 20150823202141_migration_tests.rb
+        * 2_we_need_reminders.rb
+        * 3_innocent_jointable.rb
+
+    Before:
+
+        $ bundle exec rake db:migrate:status
+        ...
+
+         Status   Migration ID    Migration Name
+        --------------------------------------------------
+           up     001             ********** NO FILE **********
+           up     002             ********** NO FILE **********
+           up     003             ********** NO FILE **********
+           up     20150819202140  Irreversible migration
+           up     20150823202140  Add admin flag to users
+           up     20150823202141  Migration tests
+
+    After:
+
+        $ bundle exec rake db:migrate:status
+        ...
+
+         Status   Migration ID    Migration Name
+        --------------------------------------------------
+           up     001             Valid people have last names
+           up     002             We need reminders
+           up     003             Innocent jointable
+           up     20150819202140  Irreversible migration
+           up     20150823202140  Add admin flag to users
+           up     20150823202141  Migration tests
+
+    *Yuichiro Kaneko*
+
+*   Define `ActiveRecord::Sanitization.sanitize_sql_for_order` and use it inside
+    `preprocess_order_args`.
+
+    *Yuichiro Kaneko*
+
+*   Allow bigint with default nil for avoiding auto increment primary key.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Remove `DEFAULT_CHARSET` and `DEFAULT_COLLATION` in `MySQLDatabaseTasks`.
+
+    We should omit the collation entirely rather than providing a default.
+    Then the choice is the responsibility of the server and MySQL distribution.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Alias `ActiveRecord::Relation#left_joins` to
+    `ActiveRecord::Relation#left_outer_joins`.
+
+    *Takashi Kokubun*
+
+*   Use advisory locking to raise a `ConcurrentMigrationError` instead of
+    attempting to migrate when another migration is currently running.
+
+    *Sam Davies*
+
+*   Added `ActiveRecord::Relation#left_outer_joins`.
+
+    Example:
+
+        User.left_outer_joins(:posts)
+        # => SELECT "users".* FROM "users" LEFT OUTER JOIN "posts" ON
+             "posts"."user_id" = "users"."id"
+
+    *Florian Thomas*
+
+*   Support passing an array to `order` for SQL parameter sanitization.
+
+    *Aaron Suggs*
+
+*   Avoid disabling errors on the PostgreSQL connection when enabling the
+    `standard_conforming_strings` setting. Errors were previously disabled because
+    the setting wasn't writable in Postgres 8.1 and didn't exist in earlier
+    versions. Now Rails only supports Postgres 8.2+ we're fine to assume the
+    setting exists. Disabling errors caused problems when using a connection
+    pooling tool like PgBouncer because it's not guaranteed to have the same
+    connection between calls to `execute` and it could leave the connection
+    with errors disabled.
+
+    Fixes #22101.
+
+    *Harry Marr*
+
+*   Set `scope.reordering_value` to `true` if `:reordering`-values are specified.
+
+    Fixes #21886.
+
+    *Hiroaki Izu*
+
+*   Add support for bidirectional destroy dependencies.
+
+    Fixes #13609.
+
+    Example:
+
+        class Content < ActiveRecord::Base
+          has_one :position, dependent: :destroy
+        end
+
+        class Position < ActiveRecord::Base
+          belongs_to :content, dependent: :destroy
+        end
+
+    *Seb Jacobs*
+
+*   Includes HABTM returns correct size now. It's caused by the join dependency
+    only instantiates one HABTM object because the join table hasn't a primary key.
+
+    Fixes #16032.
+
+    Examples:
+
+        before:
+
+        Project.first.salaried_developers.size # => 3
+        Project.includes(:salaried_developers).first.salaried_developers.size # => 1
+
+        after:
+
+        Project.first.salaried_developers.size # => 3
+        Project.includes(:salaried_developers).first.salaried_developers.size # => 3
+
+    *Bigxiang*
+
+*   Add option to index errors in nested attributes.
+
+    For models which have nested attributes, errors within those models will
+    now be indexed if `:index_errors` option is set to true when defining a
+    `has_many` relationship or by setting the configuration option
+    `config.active_record.index_nested_attribute_errors` to true.
+
+    Example:
+
+        class Guitar < ActiveRecord::Base
+          has_many :tuning_pegs, index_errors: true
+          accepts_nested_attributes_for :tuning_pegs
+        end
+
+        class TuningPeg < ActiveRecord::Base
+          belongs_to :guitar
+          validates_numericality_of :pitch
+        end
+
+        # Before
+        guitar.errors["tuning_pegs.pitch"] = ["is not a number"]
+
+        # After
+        guitar.errors["tuning_pegs[1].pitch"] = ["is not a number"]
+
+    *Michael Probber*, *Terence Sun*
+
+*   Exit with non-zero status for failed database rake tasks.
+
+    *Jay Hayes*
+
+*   Queries such as `Computer.joins(:monitor).group(:status).count` will now be
+    interpreted as  `Computer.joins(:monitor).group('computers.status').count`
+    so that when `Computer` and `Monitor` have both `status` columns we don't
+    have conflicts in projection.
+
+    *Rafael Sales*
+
+*   Add ability to default to `uuid` as primary key when generating database migrations.
+
+    Example:
+
+        config.generators do |g|
+          g.orm :active_record, primary_key_type: :uuid
+        end
+
+    *Jon McCartie*
+
+*   Don't cache arguments in `#find_by` if they are an `ActiveRecord::Relation`.
+
+    Fixes #20817.
+
+    *Hiroaki Izu*
+
+*   Qualify column name inserted by `group` in calculation.
+
+    Giving `group` an unqualified column name now works, even if the relation
+    has `JOIN` with another table which also has a column of the name.
+
+    *Soutaro Matsumoto*
+
+*   Don't cache prepared statements containing an IN clause or a SQL literal, as
+    these queries will change often and are unlikely to have a cache hit.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   Fix `rewhere` in a `has_many` association.
+
+    Fixes #21955.
+
+    *Josh Branchaud*, *Kal*
+
+*   `where` raises ArgumentError on unsupported types.
+
+    Fixes #20473.
+
+    *Jake Worth*
+
+*   Add an immutable string type to help reduce memory usage for apps which do
+    not need mutation detection on strings.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   Give `ActiveRecord::Relation#update` its own deprecation warning when
+    passed an `ActiveRecord::Base` instance.
+
+    Fixes #21945.
+
+    *Ted Johansson*
+
+*   Make it possible to pass `:to_table` when adding a foreign key through
+    `add_reference`.
+
+    Fixes #21563.
+
+    *Yves Senn*
+
+*   No longer pass deprecated option `-i` to `pg_dump`.
+
+    *Paul Sadauskas*
+
+*   Concurrent `AR::Base#increment!` and `#decrement!` on the same record
+    are all reflected in the database rather than overwriting each other.
+
+    *Bogdan Gusiev*
+
+*   Avoid leaking the first relation we call `first` on, per model.
+
+    Fixes #21921.
+
+    *Matthew Draper*, *Jean Boussier*
+
+*   Remove unused `pk_and_sequence_for` in `AbstractMysqlAdapter`.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Allow fixtures files to set the model class in the YAML file itself.
+
+    To load the fixtures file `accounts.yml` as the `User` model, use:
+
+        _fixture:
+          model_class: User
+        david:
+          name: David
+
+    Fixes #9516.
+
+    *Roque Pinel*
+
+*   Don't require a database connection to load a class which uses acceptance
+    validations.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   Correctly apply `unscope` when preloading through associations.
+
+    *Jimmy Bourassa*
+
+*   Fixed taking precision into count when assigning a value to timestamp attribute.
+
+    Timestamp column can have less precision than ruby timestamp
+    In result in how big a fraction of a second can be stored in the
+    database.
+
+
+        m = Model.create!
+        m.created_at.usec == m.reload.created_at.usec # => false
+        # due to different precision in Time.now and database column
+
+    If the precision is low enough, (mysql default is 0, so it is always low
+    enough by default) the value changes when model is reloaded from the
+    database. This patch fixes that issue ensuring that any timestamp
+    assigned as an attribute is converted to column precision under the
+    attribute.
+
+    *Bogdan Gusiev*
+
+*   Introduce `connection.data_sources` and `connection.data_source_exists?`.
+    These methods determine what relations can be used to back Active Record
+    models (usually tables and views).
+
+    Also deprecate `SchemaCache#tables`, `SchemaCache#table_exists?` and
+    `SchemaCache#clear_table_cache!` in favor of their new data source
+    counterparts.
+
+    *Yves Senn*, *Matthew Draper*
+
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.ignored_columns` to make some columns
+    invisible from Active Record.
+
+    *Jean Boussier*
+
+*   `ActiveRecord::Tasks::MySQLDatabaseTasks` fails if shellout to
+    mysql commands (like `mysqldump`) is not successful.
+
+    *Steve Mitchell*
+
+*   Ensure `select` quotes aliased attributes, even when using `from`.
+
+    Fixes #21488.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*, *@johanlunds*
+
+*   MySQL: support `unsigned` numeric data types.
+
+    Example:
+
+        create_table :foos do |t|
+          t.unsigned_integer :quantity
+          t.unsigned_bigint  :total
+          t.unsigned_float   :percentage
+          t.unsigned_decimal :price, precision: 10, scale: 2
+        end
+
+    The `unsigned: true` option may be used for the primary key:
+
+        create_table :foos, id: :bigint, unsigned: true do |t|
+          …
+        end
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Add `#views` and `#view_exists?` methods on connection adapters.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Correctly dump composite primary key.
+
+    Example:
+
+        create_table :barcodes, primary_key: ["region", "code"] do |t|
+          t.string :region
+          t.integer :code
+        end
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Lookup the attribute name for `restrict_with_error` messages on the
+    model class that defines the association.
+
+    *kuboon*, *Ronak Jangir*
+
+*   Correct query for PostgreSQL 8.2 compatibility.
+
+    *Ben Murphy*, *Matthew Draper*
+
+*   `bin/rails db:migrate` uses
+    `ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.migrations_paths` instead of
+    `Migrator.migrations_paths`.
+
+    *Tobias Bielohlawek*
+
+*   Support dropping indexes concurrently in PostgreSQL.
+
+    See http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.4/static/sql-dropindex.html for more
+    details.
+
+    *Grey Baker*
+
+*   Deprecate passing conditions to `ActiveRecord::Relation#delete_all`
+    and `ActiveRecord::Relation#destroy_all`.
+
+    *Wojciech Wnętrzak*
+
+*   Instantiating an AR model with `ActionController::Parameters` now raises
+    an `ActiveModel::ForbiddenAttributesError` if the parameters include a
+    `type` field that has not been explicitly permitted. Previously, the
+    `type` field was simply ignored in the same situation.
+
+    *Prem Sichanugrist*
+
+*   PostgreSQL, `create_schema`, `drop_schema` and `rename_table` now quote
+    schema names.
+
+    Fixes #21418.
+
+    Example:
+
+        create_schema("my.schema")
+        # CREATE SCHEMA "my.schema";
+
+    *Yves Senn*
+
+*   PostgreSQL, add `:if_exists` option to `#drop_schema`. This makes it
+    possible to drop a schema that might exist without raising an exception if
+    it doesn't.
+
+    *Yves Senn*
+
+*   Only try to nullify has_one target association if the record is persisted.
+
+    Fixes #21223.
+
+    *Agis Anastasopoulos*
+
+*   Uniqueness validator raises descriptive error when running on a persisted
+    record without primary key.
+
+    Fixes #21304.
+
+    *Yves Senn*
+
+*   Add a native JSON data type support in MySQL.
+
+    Example:
+
+        create_table :json_data_type do |t|
+          t.json :settings
+        end
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Descriptive error message when fixtures contain a missing column.
+
+    Fixes #21201.
+
+    *Yves Senn*
+
+*   `ActiveRecord::Tasks::PostgreSQLDatabaseTasks` fail if shellout to
+    postgresql commands (like `pg_dump`) is not successful.
+
+    *Bryan Paxton*, *Nate Berkopec*
+
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Relation#in_batches` to work with records and relations
+    in batches.
+
+    Available options are `of` (batch size), `load`, `start`, and `finish`.
+
+    Examples:
+
+        Person.in_batches.each_record(&:party_all_night!)
+        Person.in_batches.update_all(awesome: true)
+        Person.in_batches.delete_all
+        Person.in_batches.each do |relation|
+          relation.delete_all
+          sleep 10 # Throttles the delete queries
+        end
+
+    Fixes #20933.
+
+    *Sina Siadat*
+
+*   Added methods for PostgreSQL geometric data types to use in migrations.
+
+    Example:
+
+        create_table :foo do |t|
+          t.line :foo_line
+          t.lseg :foo_lseg
+          t.box :foo_box
+          t.path :foo_path
+          t.polygon :foo_polygon
+          t.circle :foo_circle
+        end
+
+    *Mehmet Emin İNAÇ*
+
+*   Add `cache_key` to `ActiveRecord::Relation`.
+
+    Example:
+
+        @users = User.where("name like ?", "%Alberto%")
+        @users.cache_key
+        # => "/users/query-5942b155a43b139f2471b872ac54251f-3-20150714212107656125000"
+
+    *Alberto Fernández-Capel*
+
+*   Properly allow uniqueness validations on primary keys.
+
+    Fixes #20966.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*, *presskey*
+
+*   Don't raise an error if an association failed to destroy when `destroy` was
+    called on the parent (as opposed to `destroy!`).
+
+    Fixes #20991.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   `ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound` modified to store model name, primary_key and
+    id of the caller model. It allows the catcher of this exception to make
+    a better decision to what to do with it.
+
+    Example:
+
+        class SomeAbstractController < ActionController::Base
+          rescue_from ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, with: :redirect_to_404
+
+          private def redirect_to_404(e)
+            return redirect_to(posts_url) if e.model == 'Post'
+            raise
+          end
+        end
+
+    *Sameer Rahmani*
+
+*   Deprecate the keys for association `restrict_dependent_destroy` errors in favor
+    of new key names.
+
+    Previously `has_one` and `has_many` associations were using the
+    `one` and `many` keys respectively. Both of these keys have special
+    meaning in I18n (they are considered to be pluralizations) so by
+    renaming them to `has_one` and `has_many` we make the messages more explicit
+    and most importantly they don't clash with linguistical systems that need to
+    validate translation keys (and their pluralizations).
+
+    The `:'restrict_dependent_destroy.one'` key should be replaced with
+    `:'restrict_dependent_destroy.has_one'`, and `:'restrict_dependent_destroy.many'`
+    with `:'restrict_dependent_destroy.has_many'`.
+
+    *Roque Pinel*, *Christopher Dell*
+
+*   Fix state being carried over from previous transaction.
+
+    Considering the following example where `name` is a required attribute.
+    Before we had `new_record?` returning `true` for a persisted record:
+
+        author = Author.create! name: 'foo'
+        author.name = nil
+        author.save        # => false
+        author.new_record? # => true
+
+    Fixes #20824.
+
+    *Roque Pinel*
+
+*   Correctly ignore `mark_for_destruction` when `autosave` isn't set to `true`
+    when validating associations.
+
+    Fixes #20882.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   Fix a bug where counter_cache doesn't always work with polymorphic
+    relations.
+
+    Fixes #16407.
+
+    *Stefan Kanev*, *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   Ensure that cyclic associations with autosave don't cause duplicate errors
+    to be added to the parent record.
+
+    Fixes #20874.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   Ensure that `ActionController::Parameters` can still be passed to nested
+    attributes.
+
+    Fixes #20922.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   Deprecate force association reload by passing a truthy argument to
+    association method.
+
+    For collection association, you can call `#reload` on association proxy to
+    force a reload:
+
+        @user.posts.reload   # Instead of @user.posts(true)
+
+    For singular association, you can call `#reload` on the parent object to
+    clear its association cache then call the association method:
+
+        @user.reload.profile   # Instead of @user.profile(true)
+
+    Passing a truthy argument to force association to reload will be removed in
+    Rails 5.1.
+
+    *Prem Sichanugrist*
+
+*   Replaced `ActiveSupport::Concurrency::Latch` with `Concurrent::CountDownLatch`
+    from the concurrent-ruby gem.
+
+    *Jerry D'Antonio*
+
+*   Fix through associations using scopes having the scope merged multiple
+    times.
+
+    Fixes #20721.
+    Fixes #20727.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   `ActiveRecord::Base.dump_schema_after_migration` applies migration tasks
+    other than `db:migrate`. (eg. `db:rollback`, `db:migrate:dup`, ...)
+
+    Fixes #20743.
+
+    *Yves Senn*
+
+*   Add alternate syntax to make `change_column_default` reversible.
+
+    User can pass in `:from` and `:to` to make `change_column_default` command
+    become reversible.
+
+    Example:
+
+        change_column_default :posts, :status, from: nil, to: "draft"
+        change_column_default :users, :authorized, from: true, to: false
+
+    *Prem Sichanugrist*
+
+*   Prevent error when using `force_reload: true` on an unassigned polymorphic
+    belongs_to association.
+
+    Fixes #20426.
+
+    *James Dabbs*
+
+*   Correctly raise `ActiveRecord::AssociationTypeMismatch` when assigning
+    a wrong type to a namespaced association.
+
+    Fixes #20545.
+
+    *Diego Carrion*
+
+*   `validates_absence_of` respects `marked_for_destruction?`.
+
+    Fixes #20449.
+
+    *Yves Senn*
+
+*   Include the `Enumerable` module in `ActiveRecord::Relation`
+
+    *Sean Griffin*, *bogdan*
+
+*   Use `Enumerable#sum` in `ActiveRecord::Relation` if a block is given.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   Let `WITH` queries (Common Table Expressions) be explainable.
+
+    *Vladimir Kochnev*
+
+*   Make `remove_index :table, :column` reversible.
+
+    *Yves Senn*
+
+*   Fixed an error which would occur in dirty checking when calling
+    `update_attributes` from a getter.
+
+    Fixes #20531.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   Make `remove_foreign_key` reversible. Any foreign key options must be
+    specified, similar to `remove_column`.
+
+    *Aster Ryan*
+
+*   Add `:_prefix` and `:_suffix` options to `enum` definition.
+
+    Fixes #17511, #17415.
+
+    *Igor Kapkov*
+
+*   Correctly handle decimal arrays with defaults in the schema dumper.
+
+    Fixes #20515.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*, *jmondo*
+
+*   Deprecate the PostgreSQL `:point` type in favor of a new one which will return
+    `Point` objects instead of an `Array`
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   Ensure symbols passed to `ActiveRecord::Relation#select` are always treated
+    as columns.
+
+    Fixes #20360.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   Do not set `sql_mode` if `strict: :default` is specified.
+
+        # config/database.yml
+        production:
+          adapter: mysql2
+          database: foo_prod
+          user: foo
+          strict: :default
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Allow proc defaults to be passed to the attributes API. See documentation
+    for examples.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*, *Kir Shatrov*
+
+*   SQLite: `:collation` support for string and text columns.
+
+    Example:
+
+        create_table :foo do |t|
+          t.string :string_nocase, collation: 'NOCASE'
+          t.text :text_rtrim, collation: 'RTRIM'
+        end
+
+        add_column :foo, :title, :string, collation: 'RTRIM'
+
+        change_column :foo, :title, :string, collation: 'NOCASE'
+
+    *Akshay Vishnoi*
+
+*   Allow the use of symbols or strings to specify enum values in test
+    fixtures:
+
+        awdr:
+          title: "Agile Web Development with Rails"
+          status: :proposed
+
+    *George Claghorn*
+
+*   Clear query cache when `ActiveRecord::Base#reload` is called.
+
+    *Shane Hender, Pierre Nespo*
+
+*   Include stored procedures and function on the MySQL structure dump.
+
+    *Jonathan Worek*
+
+*   Pass `:extend` option for `has_and_belongs_to_many` associations to the
+    underlying `has_many :through`.
+
+    *Jaehyun Shin*
+
+*   Deprecate `Relation#uniq` use `Relation#distinct` instead.
+
+    See #9683.
+
+    *Yves Senn*
+
+*   Allow single table inheritance instantiation to work when storing
+    demodulized class names.
+
+    *Alex Robbin*
+
+*   Correctly pass MySQL options when using `structure_dump` or
+    `structure_load`.
+
+    Specifically, it fixes an issue when using SSL authentication.
+
+    *Alex Coomans*
+
+*   Correctly dump `:options` on `create_table` for MySQL.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   PostgreSQL: `:collation` support for string and text columns.
+
+    Example:
+
+        create_table :foos do |t|
+          t.string :string_en, collation: 'en_US.UTF-8'
+          t.text   :text_ja,   collation: 'ja_JP.UTF-8'
+        end
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Remove `ActiveRecord::Serialization::XmlSerializer` from core.
+
+    *Zachary Scott*
+
+*   Make `unscope` aware of "less than" and "greater than" conditions.
+
+    *TAKAHASHI Kazuaki*
+
+*   `find_by` and `find_by!` raise `ArgumentError` when called without
+    arguments.
+
+    *Kohei Suzuki*
+
+*   Revert behavior of `db:schema:load` back to loading the full
+    environment. This ensures that initializers are run.
+
+    Fixes #19545.
+
+    *Yves Senn*
+
+*   Fix missing index when using `timestamps` with the `index` option.
+
+    The `index` option used with `timestamps` should be passed to both
+    `column` definitions for `created_at` and `updated_at` rather than just
+    the first.
+
+    *Paul Mucur*
+
+*   Rename `:class` to `:anonymous_class` in association options.
+
+    Fixes #19659.
+
+    *Andrew White*
+
+*   Autosave existing records on a has many through association when the parent
+    is new.
+
+    Fixes #19782.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   Fixed a bug where uniqueness validations would error on out of range values,
+    even if an validation should have prevented it from hitting the database.
+
+    *Andrey Voronkov*
+
+*   MySQL: `:charset` and `:collation` support for string and text columns.
+
+    Example:
+
+        create_table :foos do |t|
+          t.string :string_utf8_bin, charset: 'utf8', collation: 'utf8_bin'
+          t.text   :text_ascii,      charset: 'ascii'
+        end
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Foreign key related methods in the migration DSL respect
+    `ActiveRecord::Base.pluralize_table_names = false`.
+
+    Fixes #19643.
+
+    *Mehmet Emin İNAÇ*
+
+*   Reduce memory usage from loading types on PostgreSQL.
+
+    Fixes #19578.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   Add `config.active_record.warn_on_records_fetched_greater_than` option.
+
+    When set to an integer, a warning will be logged whenever a result set
+    larger than the specified size is returned by a query.
+
+    Fixes #16463.
+
+    *Jason Nochlin*
+
+*   Ignore `.psqlrc` when loading database structure.
+
+    *Jason Weathered*
+
+*   Fix referencing wrong table aliases while joining tables of has many through
+    association (only when calling calculation methods).
+
+    Fixes #19276.
+
+    *pinglamb*
+
+*   Correctly persist a serialized attribute that has been returned to
+    its default value by an in-place modification.
+
+    Fixes #19467.
+
+    *Matthew Draper*
+
+*   Fix generating the schema file when using PostgreSQL `BigInt[]` data type.
+    Previously the `limit: 8` was not coming through, and this caused it to
+    become `Int[]` data type after rebuilding from the schema.
+
+    Fixes #19420.
+
+    *Jake Waller*
+
+*   Reuse the `CollectionAssociation#reader` cache when the foreign key is
+    available prior to save.
+
+    *Ben Woosley*
+
+*   Add `config.active_record.dump_schemas` to fix `db:structure:dump`
+    when using schema_search_path and PostgreSQL extensions.
+
+    Fixes #17157.
+
+    *Ryan Wallace*
+
+*   Renaming `use_transactional_fixtures` to `use_transactional_tests` for clarity.
+
+    Fixes #18864.
+
+    *Brandon Weiss*
+
+*   Increase pg gem version requirement to `~> 0.18`. Earlier versions of the
+    pg gem are known to have problems with Ruby 2.2.
+
+    *Matt Brictson*
+
+*   Correctly dump `serial` and `bigserial`.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Fix default `format` value in `ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks#schema_file`.
+
+    *James Cox*
+
+*   Don't enroll records in the transaction if they don't have commit callbacks.
+    This was causing a memory leak when creating many records inside a transaction.
+
+    Fixes #15549.
+
+    *Will Bryant*, *Aaron Patterson*
+
+*   Correctly create through records when created on a has many through
+    association when using `where`.
+
+    Fixes #19073.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   Add `SchemaMigration.create_table` support for any unicode charsets with MySQL.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   PostgreSQL no longer disables user triggers if system triggers can't be
+    disabled. Disabling user triggers does not fulfill what the method promises.
+    Rails currently requires superuser privileges for this method.
+
+    If you absolutely rely on this behavior, consider patching
+    `disable_referential_integrity`.
+
+    *Yves Senn*
+
+*   Restore aborted transaction state when `disable_referential_integrity` fails
+    due to missing permissions.
+
+    *Toby Ovod-Everett*, *Yves Senn*
+
+*   In PostgreSQL, print a warning message if `disable_referential_integrity`
+    fails due to missing permissions.
+
+    *Andrey Nering*, *Yves Senn*
+
+*   Allow a `:limit` option for MySQL bigint primary key support.
+
+    Example:
+
+        create_table :foos, id: :primary_key, limit: 8 do |t|
+        end
+
+        # or
+
+        create_table :foos, id: false do |t|
+          t.primary_key :id, limit: 8
+        end
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   `belongs_to` will now trigger a validation error by default if the association is not present.
+    You can turn this off on a per-association basis with `optional: true`.
+    (Note this new default only applies to new Rails apps that will be generated with
+    `config.active_record.belongs_to_required_by_default = true` in initializer.)
+
+    *Josef Šimánek*
+
+*   Fixed `ActiveRecord::Relation#becomes!` and `changed_attributes` issues for type
+    columns.
+
+    Fixes #17139.
+
+    *Miklos Fazekas*
+
+*   Format the time string according to the precision of the time column.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Allow a `:precision` option for time type columns.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.suppress` to prevent the receiver from being saved
+    during the given block.
+
+    For example, here's a pattern of creating notifications when new comments
+    are posted. (The notification may in turn trigger an email, a push
+    notification, or just appear in the UI somewhere):
+
+        class Comment < ActiveRecord::Base
+          belongs_to :commentable, polymorphic: true
+          after_create -> { Notification.create! comment: self,
+            recipients: commentable.recipients }
+        end
+
+    That's what you want the bulk of the time. A new comment creates a new
+    Notification. There may be edge cases where you don't want that, like
+    when copying a commentable and its comments, in which case write a
+    concern with something like this:
+
+        module Copyable
+          def copy_to(destination)
+            Notification.suppress do
+              # Copy logic that creates new comments that we do not want triggering
+              # notifications.
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+    *Michael Ryan*
+
+*   `:time` option added for `#touch`.
+
+    Fixes #18905.
+
+    *Hyonjee Joo*
+
+*   Add `foreign_key_exists?` method.
+
+    *Tõnis Simo*
+
+*   Use SQL COUNT and LIMIT 1 queries for `none?` and `one?` methods
+    if no block or limit is given, instead of loading the entire
+    collection into memory. This applies to relations (e.g. `User.all`)
+    as well as associations (e.g. `account.users`)
+
+        # Before:
+
+        users.none?
+        # SELECT "users".* FROM "users"
+
+        users.one?
+        # SELECT "users".* FROM "users"
+
+        # After:
+
+        users.none?
+        # SELECT 1 AS one FROM "users" LIMIT 1
+
+        users.one?
+        # SELECT COUNT(*) FROM "users"
+
+    *Eugene Gilburg*
+
+*   Have `enum` perform type casting consistently with the rest of Active
+    Record, such as `where`.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   `scoping` no longer pollutes the current scope of sibling classes when using
+    STI.
+
+    Fixes #18806.
+
+    Example:
+
+        StiOne.none.scoping do
+          StiTwo.all
+        end
+
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   `remove_reference` with `foreign_key: true` removes the foreign key before
+    removing the column. This fixes a bug where it was not possible to remove
+    the column on MySQL.
+
+    Fixes #18664.
+
+    *Yves Senn*
+
+*   `find_in_batches` now accepts an `:finish` parameter that complements the `:start`
+     parameter to specify where to stop batch processing.
+
+    *Vipul A M*
+
+*   Fix a rounding problem for PostgreSQL timestamp columns.
+
+    If a timestamp column has a precision specified, it needs to
+    format according to that.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Respect the database default charset for `schema_migrations` table.
+
+    The charset of `version` column in `schema_migrations` table depends
+    on the database default charset and collation rather than the encoding
+    of the connection.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Raise `ArgumentError` when passing `nil` or `false` to `Relation#merge`.
+
+    These are not valid values to merge in a relation, so it should warn users
+    early.
+
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+
+*   Use `SCHEMA` instead of `DB_STRUCTURE` for specifying a structure file.
+
+    This makes the `db:structure` tasks consistent with `test:load_structure`.
+
+    *Dieter Komendera*
+
+*   Respect custom primary keys for associations when calling `Relation#where`
+
+    Fixes #18813.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   Fix several edge cases which could result in a counter cache updating
+    twice or not updating at all for `has_many` and `has_many :through`.
+
+    Fixes #10865.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   Foreign keys added by migrations were given random, generated names. This
+    meant a different `structure.sql` would be generated every time a developer
+    ran migrations on their machine.
+
+    The generated part of foreign key names is now a hash of the table name and
+    column name, which is consistent every time you run the migration.
+
+    *Chris Sinjakli*
+
+*   Fix n+1 query problem when eager loading nil associations (fixes #18312)
+
+    *Sammy Larbi*
+
+*   Change the default error message from `can't be blank` to `must exist` for
+    the presence validator of the `:required` option on `belongs_to`/`has_one`
+    associations.
+
+    *Henrik Nygren*
+
+*   Fixed `ActiveRecord::Relation#group` method when an argument is an SQL
+    reserved keyword:
+
+    Example:
+
+        SplitTest.group(:key).count
+        Property.group(:value).count
+
+    *Bogdan Gusiev*
+
+*   Added the `#or` method on `ActiveRecord::Relation`, allowing use of the OR
+    operator to combine WHERE or HAVING clauses.
+
+    Example:
+
+        Post.where('id = 1').or(Post.where('id = 2'))
+        # => SELECT * FROM posts WHERE (id = 1) OR (id = 2)
+
+    *Sean Griffin*, *Matthew Draper*, *Gael Muller*, *Olivier El Mekki*
+
+*   Don't define autosave association callbacks twice from
+    `accepts_nested_attributes_for`.
+
+    Fixes #18704.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   Integer types will no longer raise a `RangeError` when assigning an
+    attribute, but will instead raise when going to the database.
+
+    Fixes several vague issues which were never reported directly. See the
+    commit message from the commit which added this line for some examples.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   Values which would error while being sent to the database (such as an
+    ASCII-8BIT string with invalid UTF-8 bytes on SQLite3), no longer error on
+    assignment. They will still error when sent to the database, but you are
+    given the ability to re-assign it to a valid value.
+
+    Fixes #18580.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   Don't remove join dependencies in `Relation#exists?`
+
+    Fixes #18632.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   Invalid values assigned to a JSON column are assumed to be `nil`.
+
+    Fixes #18629.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base#accessed_fields`, which can be used to quickly
+    discover which fields were read from a model when you are looking to only
+    select the data you need from the database.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   Introduce the `:if_exists` option for `drop_table`.
+
+    Example:
+
+        drop_table(:posts, if_exists: true)
+
+    That would execute:
+
+        DROP TABLE IF EXISTS posts
+
+    If the table doesn't exist, `if_exists: false` (the default) raises an
+    exception whereas `if_exists: true` does nothing.
+
+    *Cody Cutrer*, *Stefan Kanev*, *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Don't run SQL if attribute value is not changed for update_attribute method.
+
+    *Prathamesh Sonpatki*
+
+*   `time` columns can now get affected by `time_zone_aware_attributes`. If you have
+    set `config.time_zone` to a value other than `'UTC'`, they will be treated
+    as in that time zone by default in Rails 5.1. If this is not the desired
+    behavior, you can set
+
+        ActiveRecord::Base.time_zone_aware_types = [:datetime]
+
+    A deprecation warning will be emitted if you have a `:time` column, and have
+    not explicitly opted out.
+
+    Fixes #3145.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   Tests now run after_commit callbacks. You no longer have to declare
+    `uses_transaction ‘test name’` to test the results of an after_commit.
+
+    after_commit callbacks run after committing a transaction whose parent
+    is not `joinable?`: un-nested transactions, transactions within test cases,
+    and transactions in `console --sandbox`.
+
+    *arthurnn*, *Ravil Bayramgalin*, *Matthew Draper*
+
+*   `nil` as a value for a binary column in a query no longer logs as
+    "<NULL binary data>", and instead logs as just "nil".
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   `attribute_will_change!` will no longer cause non-persistable attributes to
+    be sent to the database.
+
+    Fixes #18407.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   Remove support for the `protected_attributes` gem.
+
+    *Carlos Antonio da Silva*, *Roberto Miranda*
+
+*   Fix accessing of fixtures having non-string labels like Fixnum.
+
+    *Prathamesh Sonpatki*
+
+*   Remove deprecated support to preload instance-dependent associations.
+
+    *Yves Senn*
+
+*   Remove deprecated support for PostgreSQL ranges with exclusive lower bounds.
+
+    *Yves Senn*
+
+*   Remove deprecation when modifying a relation with cached Arel.
+    This raises an `ImmutableRelation` error instead.
+
+    *Yves Senn*
+
+*   Added `ActiveRecord::SecureToken` in order to encapsulate generation of
+    unique tokens for attributes in a model using `SecureRandom`.
+
+    *Roberto Miranda*
+
+*   Change the behavior of boolean columns to be closer to Ruby's semantics.
+
+    Before this change we had a small set of "truthy", and all others are "falsy".
+
+    Now, we have a small set of "falsy" values and all others are "truthy" matching
+    Ruby's semantics.
+
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+
+*   Deprecate `ActiveRecord::Base.errors_in_transactional_callbacks=`.
+
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+
+*   Change transaction callbacks to not swallow errors.
+
+    Before this change any errors raised inside a transaction callback
+    were getting rescued and printed in the logs.
+
+    Now these errors are not rescued anymore and just bubble up, as the other callbacks.
+
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+
+*   Remove deprecated `sanitize_sql_hash_for_conditions`.
+
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+
+*   Remove deprecated `Reflection#source_macro`.
+
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+
+*   Remove deprecated `symbolized_base_class` and `symbolized_sti_name`.
+
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Base.disable_implicit_join_references=`.
+
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+
+*   Remove deprecated access to connection specification using a string accessor.
+
+    Now all strings will be handled as a URL.
+
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+
+*   Change the default `null` value for `timestamps` to `false`.
+
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+
+*   Return an array of pools from `connection_pools`.
+
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+
+*   Return a null column from `column_for_attribute` when no column exists.
+
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+
+*   Remove deprecated `serialized_attributes`.
+
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+
+*   Remove deprecated automatic counter caches on `has_many :through`.
+
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+
+*   Change the way in which callback chains can be halted.
+
+    The preferred method to halt a callback chain from now on is to explicitly
+    `throw(:abort)`.
+    In the past, returning `false` in an Active Record `before_` callback had the
+    side effect of halting the callback chain.
+    This is not recommended anymore and, depending on the value of the
+    `ActiveSupport.halt_callback_chains_on_return_false` option, will
+    either not work at all or display a deprecation warning.
+
+    *claudiob*
+
+*   Clear query cache on rollback.
+
+    *Florian Weingarten*
+
+*   Fix setting of foreign_key for through associations when building a new record.
+
+    Fixes #12698.
+
+    *Ivan Antropov*
+
+*   Improve dumping of the primary key. If it is not a default primary key,
+    correctly dump the type and options.
+
+    Fixes #14169, #16599.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Format the datetime string according to the precision of the datetime field.
+
+    Incompatible to rounding behavior between MySQL 5.6 and earlier.
+
+    In 5.5, when you insert `2014-08-17 12:30:00.999999` the fractional part
+    is ignored. In 5.6, it's rounded to `2014-08-17 12:30:01`:
+
+    http://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=68760
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Allow a precision option for MySQL datetimes.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Fixed automatic `inverse_of` for models nested in a module.
+
+    *Andrew McCloud*
+
+*   Change `ActiveRecord::Relation#update` behavior so that it can
+    be called without passing ids of the records to be updated.
+
+    This change allows updating multiple records returned by
+    `ActiveRecord::Relation` with callbacks and validations.
+
+        # Before
+        # ArgumentError: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)
+        Comment.where(group: 'expert').update(body: "Group of Rails Experts")
+
+        # After
+        # Comments with group expert updated with body "Group of Rails Experts"
+        Comment.where(group: 'expert').update(body: "Group of Rails Experts")
+
+    *Prathamesh Sonpatki*
+
+*   Fix `reaping_frequency` option when the value is a string.
+
+    This usually happens when it is configured using `DATABASE_URL`.
+
+    *korbin*
+
+*   Fix error message when trying to create an associated record and the foreign
+    key is missing.
+
+    Before this fix the following exception was being raised:
+
+        NoMethodError: undefined method `val' for #<Arel::Nodes::BindParam:0x007fc64d19c218>
+
+    Now the message is:
+
+        ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError: unknown attribute 'foreign_key' for Model.
+
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+
+*   Fix change detection problem for PostgreSQL bytea type and
+    `ArgumentError: string contains null byte` exception with pg-0.18.
+
+    Fixes #17680.
+
+    *Lars Kanis*
+
+*   When a table has a composite primary key, the `primary_key` method for
+    SQLite3 and PostgreSQL adapters was only returning the first field of the key.
+    Ensures that it will return nil instead, as Active Record doesn't support
+    composite primary keys.
+
+    Fixes #18070.
+
+    *arthurnn*
+
+*   `validates_size_of` / `validates_length_of` do not count records
+    which are `marked_for_destruction?`.
+
+    Fixes #7247.
+
+    *Yves Senn*
+
+*   Ensure `first!` and friends work on loaded associations.
+
+    Fixes #18237.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   `eager_load` preserves readonly flag for associations.
+
+    Fixes #15853.
+
+    *Takashi Kokubun*
+
+*   Provide `:touch` option to `save()` to accommodate saving without updating
+    timestamps.
+
+    Fixes #18202.
+
+    *Dan Olson*
+
+*   Provide a more helpful error message when an unsupported class is passed to
+    `serialize`.
+
+    Fixes #18224.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   Add bigint primary key support for MySQL.
+
+    Example:
+
+        create_table :foos, id: :bigint do |t|
+        end
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Support for any type of primary key.
+
+    Fixes #14194.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Dump the default `nil` for PostgreSQL UUID primary key.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Add a `:foreign_key` option to `references` and associated migration
+    methods. The model and migration generators now use this option, rather than
+    the `add_foreign_key` form.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
+*   Don't raise when writing an attribute with an out-of-range datetime passed
+    by the user.
+
+    *Grey Baker*
+
+*   Replace deprecated `ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks#load_schema` with
+    `ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks#load_schema_for`.
+
+    *Yves Senn*
+
+*   Fix bug with `ActiveRecord::Type::Numeric` that caused negative values to
+    be marked as having changed when set to the same negative value.
+
+    Fixes #18161.
+
+    *Daniel Fox*
+
+*   Introduce `force: :cascade` option for `create_table`. Using this option
+    will recreate tables even if they have dependent objects (like foreign keys).
+    `db/schema.rb` now uses `force: :cascade`. This makes it possible to
+    reload the schema when foreign keys are in place.
+
+    *Matthew Draper*, *Yves Senn*
+
+*   `db:schema:load` and `db:structure:load` no longer purge the database
+    before loading the schema. This is left for the user to do.
+    `db:test:prepare` will still purge the database.
+
+    Fixes #17945.
+
+    *Yves Senn*
+
+*   Fix undesirable RangeError by `Type::Integer`. Add `Type::UnsignedInteger`.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Add `foreign_type` option to `has_one` and `has_many` association macros.
+
+    This option enables to define the column name of associated object's type for polymorphic associations.
+
+    *Ulisses Almeida*, *Kassio Borges*
+
+*   Remove deprecated behavior allowing nested arrays to be passed as query
+    values.
+
+    *Melanie Gilman*
+
+*   Deprecate passing a class as a value in a query. Users should pass strings
+    instead.
+
+    *Melanie Gilman*
+
+*   `add_timestamps` and `remove_timestamps` now properly reversible with
+    options.
+
+    *Noam Gagliardi-Rabinovich*
+
+*   `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ColumnDumper#column_spec` and
+    `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ColumnDumper#prepare_column_options` no
+    longer have a `types` argument. They should access
+    `connection#native_database_types` directly.
+
+    *Yves Senn*
+
+Please check [4-2-stable](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-2-stable/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md) for previous changes.