atosl 0.0.2

data/ext/atosl/extconf.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+require "mkmf"
+
+extension_name = 'atosl/atosl'
+
+abort "missing malloc()" unless have_func "malloc"
+abort "missing free()"   unless have_func "free"
+
+dir_config(extension_name)
+create_makefile(extension_name)

data/ext/atosl/fat.h

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#ifndef _MACH_O_FAT_H_
+#define _MACH_O_FAT_H_
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+typedef int         vm_prot_t;
+typedef int         integer_t;
+typedef integer_t   cpu_type_t;
+typedef integer_t   cpu_subtype_t;
+#define FAT_MAGIC	0xcafebabe
+#define FAT_CIGAM	0xbebafeca
+
+struct fat_header {
+    uint32_t	magic;		/* FAT_MAGIC */
+    uint32_t	nfat_arch;	/* number of structs that follow */
+};
+
+struct fat_arch {
+    cpu_type_t	cputype;	/* cpu specifier (int) */
+    cpu_subtype_t	cpusubtype;	/* machine specifier (int) */
+    uint32_t	offset;		/* file offset to this object file */
+    uint32_t	size;		/* size of this object file */
+    uint32_t	align;		/* alignment as a power of 2 */
+};
+
+#endif /* _MACH_O_FAT_H_ */

data/ext/atosl/loader.h

@@ -0,0 +1,1440 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1999-2010 Apple Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * @APPLE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
+ * 
+ * This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code
+ * as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public Source License
+ * Version 2.0 (the 'License'). You may not use this file except in
+ * compliance with the License. Please obtain a copy of the License at
+ * http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/ and read it before using this
+ * file.
+ * 
+ * The Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
+ * distributed on an 'AS IS' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES,
+ * INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, QUIET ENJOYMENT OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.
+ * Please see the License for the specific language governing rights and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ * 
+ * @APPLE_LICENSE_HEADER_END@
+ */
+#ifndef _MACHO_LOADER_H_
+#define _MACHO_LOADER_H_
+
+/*
+ * This file describes the format of mach object files.
+ */
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include "fat.h"
+
+/*
+ * The 32-bit mach header appears at the very beginning of the object file for
+ * 32-bit architectures.
+ */
+struct mach_header {
+	uint32_t	magic;		/* mach magic number identifier */
+	cpu_type_t	cputype;	/* cpu specifier */
+	cpu_subtype_t	cpusubtype;	/* machine specifier */
+	uint32_t	filetype;	/* type of file */
+	uint32_t	ncmds;		/* number of load commands */
+	uint32_t	sizeofcmds;	/* the size of all the load commands */
+	uint32_t	flags;		/* flags */
+};
+
+/* Constant for the magic field of the mach_header (32-bit architectures) */
+#define	MH_MAGIC	0xfeedface	/* the mach magic number */
+#define MH_CIGAM	0xcefaedfe	/* NXSwapInt(MH_MAGIC) */
+
+/*
+ * The 64-bit mach header appears at the very beginning of object files for
+ * 64-bit architectures.
+ */
+struct mach_header_64 {
+	uint32_t	magic;		/* mach magic number identifier */
+	cpu_type_t	cputype;	/* cpu specifier */
+	cpu_subtype_t	cpusubtype;	/* machine specifier */
+	uint32_t	filetype;	/* type of file */
+	uint32_t	ncmds;		/* number of load commands */
+	uint32_t	sizeofcmds;	/* the size of all the load commands */
+	uint32_t	flags;		/* flags */
+	uint32_t	reserved;	/* reserved */
+};
+
+/* Constant for the magic field of the mach_header_64 (64-bit architectures) */
+#define MH_MAGIC_64 0xfeedfacf /* the 64-bit mach magic number */
+#define MH_CIGAM_64 0xcffaedfe /* NXSwapInt(MH_MAGIC_64) */
+
+/*
+ * The layout of the file depends on the filetype.  For all but the MH_OBJECT
+ * file type the segments are padded out and aligned on a segment alignment
+ * boundary for efficient demand pageing.  The MH_EXECUTE, MH_FVMLIB, MH_DYLIB,
+ * MH_DYLINKER and MH_BUNDLE file types also have the headers included as part
+ * of their first segment.
+ * 
+ * The file type MH_OBJECT is a compact format intended as output of the
+ * assembler and input (and possibly output) of the link editor (the .o
+ * format).  All sections are in one unnamed segment with no segment padding. 
+ * This format is used as an executable format when the file is so small the
+ * segment padding greatly increases its size.
+ *
+ * The file type MH_PRELOAD is an executable format intended for things that
+ * are not executed under the kernel (proms, stand alones, kernels, etc).  The
+ * format can be executed under the kernel but may demand paged it and not
+ * preload it before execution.
+ *
+ * A core file is in MH_CORE format and can be any in an arbritray legal
+ * Mach-O file.
+ *
+ * Constants for the filetype field of the mach_header
+ */
+#define	MH_OBJECT	0x1		/* relocatable object file */
+#define	MH_EXECUTE	0x2		/* demand paged executable file */
+#define	MH_FVMLIB	0x3		/* fixed VM shared library file */
+#define	MH_CORE		0x4		/* core file */
+#define	MH_PRELOAD	0x5		/* preloaded executable file */
+#define	MH_DYLIB	0x6		/* dynamically bound shared library */
+#define	MH_DYLINKER	0x7		/* dynamic link editor */
+#define	MH_BUNDLE	0x8		/* dynamically bound bundle file */
+#define	MH_DYLIB_STUB	0x9		/* shared library stub for static */
+					/*  linking only, no section contents */
+#define	MH_DSYM		0xa		/* companion file with only debug */
+					/*  sections */
+#define	MH_KEXT_BUNDLE	0xb		/* x86_64 kexts */
+
+/* Constants for the flags field of the mach_header */
+#define	MH_NOUNDEFS	0x1		/* the object file has no undefined
+					   references */
+#define	MH_INCRLINK	0x2		/* the object file is the output of an
+					   incremental link against a base file
+					   and can't be link edited again */
+#define MH_DYLDLINK	0x4		/* the object file is input for the
+					   dynamic linker and can't be staticly
+					   link edited again */
+#define MH_BINDATLOAD	0x8		/* the object file's undefined
+					   references are bound by the dynamic
+					   linker when loaded. */
+#define MH_PREBOUND	0x10		/* the file has its dynamic undefined
+					   references prebound. */
+#define MH_SPLIT_SEGS	0x20		/* the file has its read-only and
+					   read-write segments split */
+#define MH_LAZY_INIT	0x40		/* the shared library init routine is
+					   to be run lazily via catching memory
+					   faults to its writeable segments
+					   (obsolete) */
+#define MH_TWOLEVEL	0x80		/* the image is using two-level name
+					   space bindings */
+#define MH_FORCE_FLAT	0x100		/* the executable is forcing all images
+					   to use flat name space bindings */
+#define MH_NOMULTIDEFS	0x200		/* this umbrella guarantees no multiple
+					   defintions of symbols in its
+					   sub-images so the two-level namespace
+					   hints can always be used. */
+#define MH_NOFIXPREBINDING 0x400	/* do not have dyld notify the
+					   prebinding agent about this
+					   executable */
+#define MH_PREBINDABLE  0x800           /* the binary is not prebound but can
+					   have its prebinding redone. only used
+                                           when MH_PREBOUND is not set. */
+#define MH_ALLMODSBOUND 0x1000		/* indicates that this binary binds to
+                                           all two-level namespace modules of
+					   its dependent libraries. only used
+					   when MH_PREBINDABLE and MH_TWOLEVEL
+					   are both set. */ 
+#define MH_SUBSECTIONS_VIA_SYMBOLS 0x2000/* safe to divide up the sections into
+					    sub-sections via symbols for dead
+					    code stripping */
+#define MH_CANONICAL    0x4000		/* the binary has been canonicalized
+					   via the unprebind operation */
+#define MH_WEAK_DEFINES	0x8000		/* the final linked image contains
+					   external weak symbols */
+#define MH_BINDS_TO_WEAK 0x10000	/* the final linked image uses
+					   weak symbols */
+
+#define MH_ALLOW_STACK_EXECUTION 0x20000/* When this bit is set, all stacks 
+					   in the task will be given stack
+					   execution privilege.  Only used in
+					   MH_EXECUTE filetypes. */
+#define MH_ROOT_SAFE 0x40000           /* When this bit is set, the binary 
+					  declares it is safe for use in
+					  processes with uid zero */
+                                         
+#define MH_SETUID_SAFE 0x80000         /* When this bit is set, the binary 
+					  declares it is safe for use in
+					  processes when issetugid() is true */
+
+#define MH_NO_REEXPORTED_DYLIBS 0x100000 /* When this bit is set on a dylib, 
+					  the static linker does not need to
+					  examine dependent dylibs to see
+					  if any are re-exported */
+#define	MH_PIE 0x200000			/* When this bit is set, the OS will
+					   load the main executable at a
+					   random address.  Only used in
+					   MH_EXECUTE filetypes. */
+#define	MH_DEAD_STRIPPABLE_DYLIB 0x400000 /* Only for use on dylibs.  When
+					     linking against a dylib that
+					     has this bit set, the static linker
+					     will automatically not create a
+					     LC_LOAD_DYLIB load command to the
+					     dylib if no symbols are being
+					     referenced from the dylib. */
+#define MH_HAS_TLV_DESCRIPTORS 0x800000 /* Contains a section of type 
+					    S_THREAD_LOCAL_VARIABLES */
+
+#define MH_NO_HEAP_EXECUTION 0x1000000	/* When this bit is set, the OS will
+					   run the main executable with
+					   a non-executable heap even on
+					   platforms (e.g. i386) that don't
+					   require it. Only used in MH_EXECUTE
+					   filetypes. */
+
+/*
+ * The load commands directly follow the mach_header.  The total size of all
+ * of the commands is given by the sizeofcmds field in the mach_header.  All
+ * load commands must have as their first two fields cmd and cmdsize.  The cmd
+ * field is filled in with a constant for that command type.  Each command type
+ * has a structure specifically for it.  The cmdsize field is the size in bytes
+ * of the particular load command structure plus anything that follows it that
+ * is a part of the load command (i.e. section structures, strings, etc.).  To
+ * advance to the next load command the cmdsize can be added to the offset or
+ * pointer of the current load command.  The cmdsize for 32-bit architectures
+ * MUST be a multiple of 4 bytes and for 64-bit architectures MUST be a multiple
+ * of 8 bytes (these are forever the maximum alignment of any load commands).
+ * The padded bytes must be zero.  All tables in the object file must also
+ * follow these rules so the file can be memory mapped.  Otherwise the pointers
+ * to these tables will not work well or at all on some machines.  With all
+ * padding zeroed like objects will compare byte for byte.
+ */
+struct load_command {
+	uint32_t cmd;		/* type of load command */
+	uint32_t cmdsize;	/* total size of command in bytes */
+};
+
+/*
+ * After MacOS X 10.1 when a new load command is added that is required to be
+ * understood by the dynamic linker for the image to execute properly the
+ * LC_REQ_DYLD bit will be or'ed into the load command constant.  If the dynamic
+ * linker sees such a load command it it does not understand will issue a
+ * "unknown load command required for execution" error and refuse to use the
+ * image.  Other load commands without this bit that are not understood will
+ * simply be ignored.
+ */
+#define LC_REQ_DYLD 0x80000000
+
+/* Constants for the cmd field of all load commands, the type */
+#define	LC_SEGMENT	0x1	/* segment of this file to be mapped */
+#define	LC_SYMTAB	0x2	/* link-edit stab symbol table info */
+#define	LC_SYMSEG	0x3	/* link-edit gdb symbol table info (obsolete) */
+#define	LC_THREAD	0x4	/* thread */
+#define	LC_UNIXTHREAD	0x5	/* unix thread (includes a stack) */
+#define	LC_LOADFVMLIB	0x6	/* load a specified fixed VM shared library */
+#define	LC_IDFVMLIB	0x7	/* fixed VM shared library identification */
+#define	LC_IDENT	0x8	/* object identification info (obsolete) */
+#define LC_FVMFILE	0x9	/* fixed VM file inclusion (internal use) */
+#define LC_PREPAGE      0xa     /* prepage command (internal use) */
+#define	LC_DYSYMTAB	0xb	/* dynamic link-edit symbol table info */
+#define	LC_LOAD_DYLIB	0xc	/* load a dynamically linked shared library */
+#define	LC_ID_DYLIB	0xd	/* dynamically linked shared lib ident */
+#define LC_LOAD_DYLINKER 0xe	/* load a dynamic linker */
+#define LC_ID_DYLINKER	0xf	/* dynamic linker identification */
+#define	LC_PREBOUND_DYLIB 0x10	/* modules prebound for a dynamically */
+				/*  linked shared library */
+#define	LC_ROUTINES	0x11	/* image routines */
+#define	LC_SUB_FRAMEWORK 0x12	/* sub framework */
+#define	LC_SUB_UMBRELLA 0x13	/* sub umbrella */
+#define	LC_SUB_CLIENT	0x14	/* sub client */
+#define	LC_SUB_LIBRARY  0x15	/* sub library */
+#define	LC_TWOLEVEL_HINTS 0x16	/* two-level namespace lookup hints */
+#define	LC_PREBIND_CKSUM  0x17	/* prebind checksum */
+
+/*
+ * load a dynamically linked shared library that is allowed to be missing
+ * (all symbols are weak imported).
+ */
+#define	LC_LOAD_WEAK_DYLIB (0x18 | LC_REQ_DYLD)
+
+#define	LC_SEGMENT_64	0x19	/* 64-bit segment of this file to be
+				   mapped */
+#define	LC_ROUTINES_64	0x1a	/* 64-bit image routines */
+#define LC_UUID		0x1b	/* the uuid */
+#define LC_RPATH       (0x1c | LC_REQ_DYLD)    /* runpath additions */
+#define LC_CODE_SIGNATURE 0x1d	/* local of code signature */
+#define LC_SEGMENT_SPLIT_INFO 0x1e /* local of info to split segments */
+#define LC_REEXPORT_DYLIB (0x1f | LC_REQ_DYLD) /* load and re-export dylib */
+#define	LC_LAZY_LOAD_DYLIB 0x20	/* delay load of dylib until first use */
+#define	LC_ENCRYPTION_INFO 0x21	/* encrypted segment information */
+#define	LC_DYLD_INFO 	0x22	/* compressed dyld information */
+#define	LC_DYLD_INFO_ONLY (0x22|LC_REQ_DYLD)	/* compressed dyld information only */
+#define	LC_LOAD_UPWARD_DYLIB (0x23 | LC_REQ_DYLD) /* load upward dylib */
+#define LC_VERSION_MIN_MACOSX 0x24   /* build for MacOSX min OS version */
+#define LC_VERSION_MIN_IPHONEOS 0x25 /* build for iPhoneOS min OS version */
+#define LC_FUNCTION_STARTS 0x26 /* compressed table of function start addresses */
+#define LC_DYLD_ENVIRONMENT 0x27 /* string for dyld to treat
+				    like environment variable */
+#define LC_MAIN (0x28|LC_REQ_DYLD) /* replacement for LC_UNIXTHREAD */
+#define LC_DATA_IN_CODE 0x29 /* table of non-instructions in __text */
+#define LC_SOURCE_VERSION 0x2A /* source version used to build binary */
+#define LC_DYLIB_CODE_SIGN_DRS 0x2B /* Code signing DRs copied from linked dylibs */
+
+
+/*
+ * A variable length string in a load command is represented by an lc_str
+ * union.  The strings are stored just after the load command structure and
+ * the offset is from the start of the load command structure.  The size
+ * of the string is reflected in the cmdsize field of the load command.
+ * Once again any padded bytes to bring the cmdsize field to a multiple
+ * of 4 bytes must be zero.
+ */
+union lc_str {
+	uint32_t	offset;	/* offset to the string */
+#ifndef __LP64__
+	char		*ptr;	/* pointer to the string */
+#endif 
+};
+
+/*
+ * The segment load command indicates that a part of this file is to be
+ * mapped into the task's address space.  The size of this segment in memory,
+ * vmsize, maybe equal to or larger than the amount to map from this file,
+ * filesize.  The file is mapped starting at fileoff to the beginning of
+ * the segment in memory, vmaddr.  The rest of the memory of the segment,
+ * if any, is allocated zero fill on demand.  The segment's maximum virtual
+ * memory protection and initial virtual memory protection are specified
+ * by the maxprot and initprot fields.  If the segment has sections then the
+ * section structures directly follow the segment command and their size is
+ * reflected in cmdsize.
+ */
+struct segment_command { /* for 32-bit architectures */
+	uint32_t	cmd;		/* LC_SEGMENT */
+	uint32_t	cmdsize;	/* includes sizeof section structs */
+	char		segname[16];	/* segment name */
+	uint32_t	vmaddr;		/* memory address of this segment */
+	uint32_t	vmsize;		/* memory size of this segment */
+	uint32_t	fileoff;	/* file offset of this segment */
+	uint32_t	filesize;	/* amount to map from the file */
+	vm_prot_t	maxprot;	/* maximum VM protection */
+	vm_prot_t	initprot;	/* initial VM protection */
+	uint32_t	nsects;		/* number of sections in segment */
+	uint32_t	flags;		/* flags */
+};
+
+/*
+ * The 64-bit segment load command indicates that a part of this file is to be
+ * mapped into a 64-bit task's address space.  If the 64-bit segment has
+ * sections then section_64 structures directly follow the 64-bit segment
+ * command and their size is reflected in cmdsize.
+ */
+struct segment_command_64 { /* for 64-bit architectures */
+	uint32_t	cmd;		/* LC_SEGMENT_64 */
+	uint32_t	cmdsize;	/* includes sizeof section_64 structs */
+	char		segname[16];	/* segment name */
+	uint64_t	vmaddr;		/* memory address of this segment */
+	uint64_t	vmsize;		/* memory size of this segment */
+	uint64_t	fileoff;	/* file offset of this segment */
+	uint64_t	filesize;	/* amount to map from the file */
+	vm_prot_t	maxprot;	/* maximum VM protection */
+	vm_prot_t	initprot;	/* initial VM protection */
+	uint32_t	nsects;		/* number of sections in segment */
+	uint32_t	flags;		/* flags */
+};
+
+/* Constants for the flags field of the segment_command */
+#define	SG_HIGHVM	0x1	/* the file contents for this segment is for
+				   the high part of the VM space, the low part
+				   is zero filled (for stacks in core files) */
+#define	SG_FVMLIB	0x2	/* this segment is the VM that is allocated by
+				   a fixed VM library, for overlap checking in
+				   the link editor */
+#define	SG_NORELOC	0x4	/* this segment has nothing that was relocated
+				   in it and nothing relocated to it, that is
+				   it maybe safely replaced without relocation*/
+#define SG_PROTECTED_VERSION_1	0x8 /* This segment is protected.  If the
+				       segment starts at file offset 0, the
+				       first page of the segment is not
+				       protected.  All other pages of the
+				       segment are protected. */
+
+/*
+ * A segment is made up of zero or more sections.  Non-MH_OBJECT files have
+ * all of their segments with the proper sections in each, and padded to the
+ * specified segment alignment when produced by the link editor.  The first
+ * segment of a MH_EXECUTE and MH_FVMLIB format file contains the mach_header
+ * and load commands of the object file before its first section.  The zero
+ * fill sections are always last in their segment (in all formats).  This
+ * allows the zeroed segment padding to be mapped into memory where zero fill
+ * sections might be. The gigabyte zero fill sections, those with the section
+ * type S_GB_ZEROFILL, can only be in a segment with sections of this type.
+ * These segments are then placed after all other segments.
+ *
+ * The MH_OBJECT format has all of its sections in one segment for
+ * compactness.  There is no padding to a specified segment boundary and the
+ * mach_header and load commands are not part of the segment.
+ *
+ * Sections with the same section name, sectname, going into the same segment,
+ * segname, are combined by the link editor.  The resulting section is aligned
+ * to the maximum alignment of the combined sections and is the new section's
+ * alignment.  The combined sections are aligned to their original alignment in
+ * the combined section.  Any padded bytes to get the specified alignment are
+ * zeroed.
+ *
+ * The format of the relocation entries referenced by the reloff and nreloc
+ * fields of the section structure for mach object files is described in the
+ * header file <reloc.h>.
+ */
+struct section { /* for 32-bit architectures */
+	char		sectname[16];	/* name of this section */
+	char		segname[16];	/* segment this section goes in */
+	uint32_t	addr;		/* memory address of this section */
+	uint32_t	size;		/* size in bytes of this section */
+	uint32_t	offset;		/* file offset of this section */
+	uint32_t	align;		/* section alignment (power of 2) */
+	uint32_t	reloff;		/* file offset of relocation entries */
+	uint32_t	nreloc;		/* number of relocation entries */
+	uint32_t	flags;		/* flags (section type and attributes)*/
+	uint32_t	reserved1;	/* reserved (for offset or index) */
+	uint32_t	reserved2;	/* reserved (for count or sizeof) */
+};
+
+struct section_64 { /* for 64-bit architectures */
+	char		sectname[16];	/* name of this section */
+	char		segname[16];	/* segment this section goes in */
+	uint64_t	addr;		/* memory address of this section */
+	uint64_t	size;		/* size in bytes of this section */
+	uint32_t	offset;		/* file offset of this section */
+	uint32_t	align;		/* section alignment (power of 2) */
+	uint32_t	reloff;		/* file offset of relocation entries */
+	uint32_t	nreloc;		/* number of relocation entries */
+	uint32_t	flags;		/* flags (section type and attributes)*/
+	uint32_t	reserved1;	/* reserved (for offset or index) */
+	uint32_t	reserved2;	/* reserved (for count or sizeof) */
+	uint32_t	reserved3;	/* reserved */
+};
+
+/*
+ * The flags field of a section structure is separated into two parts a section
+ * type and section attributes.  The section types are mutually exclusive (it
+ * can only have one type) but the section attributes are not (it may have more
+ * than one attribute).
+ */
+#define SECTION_TYPE		 0x000000ff	/* 256 section types */
+#define SECTION_ATTRIBUTES	 0xffffff00	/*  24 section attributes */
+
+/* Constants for the type of a section */
+#define	S_REGULAR		0x0	/* regular section */
+#define	S_ZEROFILL		0x1	/* zero fill on demand section */
+#define	S_CSTRING_LITERALS	0x2	/* section with only literal C strings*/
+#define	S_4BYTE_LITERALS	0x3	/* section with only 4 byte literals */
+#define	S_8BYTE_LITERALS	0x4	/* section with only 8 byte literals */
+#define	S_LITERAL_POINTERS	0x5	/* section with only pointers to */
+					/*  literals */
+/*
+ * For the two types of symbol pointers sections and the symbol stubs section
+ * they have indirect symbol table entries.  For each of the entries in the
+ * section the indirect symbol table entries, in corresponding order in the
+ * indirect symbol table, start at the index stored in the reserved1 field
+ * of the section structure.  Since the indirect symbol table entries
+ * correspond to the entries in the section the number of indirect symbol table
+ * entries is inferred from the size of the section divided by the size of the
+ * entries in the section.  For symbol pointers sections the size of the entries
+ * in the section is 4 bytes and for symbol stubs sections the byte size of the
+ * stubs is stored in the reserved2 field of the section structure.
+ */
+#define	S_NON_LAZY_SYMBOL_POINTERS	0x6	/* section with only non-lazy
+						   symbol pointers */
+#define	S_LAZY_SYMBOL_POINTERS		0x7	/* section with only lazy symbol
+						   pointers */
+#define	S_SYMBOL_STUBS			0x8	/* section with only symbol
+						   stubs, byte size of stub in
+						   the reserved2 field */
+#define	S_MOD_INIT_FUNC_POINTERS	0x9	/* section with only function
+						   pointers for initialization*/
+#define	S_MOD_TERM_FUNC_POINTERS	0xa	/* section with only function
+						   pointers for termination */
+#define	S_COALESCED			0xb	/* section contains symbols that
+						   are to be coalesced */
+#define	S_GB_ZEROFILL			0xc	/* zero fill on demand section
+						   (that can be larger than 4
+						   gigabytes) */
+#define	S_INTERPOSING			0xd	/* section with only pairs of
+						   function pointers for
+						   interposing */
+#define	S_16BYTE_LITERALS		0xe	/* section with only 16 byte
+						   literals */
+#define	S_DTRACE_DOF			0xf	/* section contains 
+						   DTrace Object Format */
+#define	S_LAZY_DYLIB_SYMBOL_POINTERS	0x10	/* section with only lazy
+						   symbol pointers to lazy
+						   loaded dylibs */
+/*
+ * Section types to support thread local variables
+ */
+#define S_THREAD_LOCAL_REGULAR                   0x11  /* template of initial 
+							  values for TLVs */
+#define S_THREAD_LOCAL_ZEROFILL                  0x12  /* template of initial 
+							  values for TLVs */
+#define S_THREAD_LOCAL_VARIABLES                 0x13  /* TLV descriptors */
+#define S_THREAD_LOCAL_VARIABLE_POINTERS         0x14  /* pointers to TLV 
+                                                          descriptors */
+#define S_THREAD_LOCAL_INIT_FUNCTION_POINTERS    0x15  /* functions to call
+							  to initialize TLV
+							  values */
+
+/*
+ * Constants for the section attributes part of the flags field of a section
+ * structure.
+ */
+#define SECTION_ATTRIBUTES_USR	 0xff000000	/* User setable attributes */
+#define S_ATTR_PURE_INSTRUCTIONS 0x80000000	/* section contains only true
+						   machine instructions */
+#define S_ATTR_NO_TOC 		 0x40000000	/* section contains coalesced
+						   symbols that are not to be
+						   in a ranlib table of
+						   contents */
+#define S_ATTR_STRIP_STATIC_SYMS 0x20000000	/* ok to strip static symbols
+						   in this section in files
+						   with the MH_DYLDLINK flag */
+#define S_ATTR_NO_DEAD_STRIP	 0x10000000	/* no dead stripping */
+#define S_ATTR_LIVE_SUPPORT	 0x08000000	/* blocks are live if they
+						   reference live blocks */
+#define S_ATTR_SELF_MODIFYING_CODE 0x04000000	/* Used with i386 code stubs
+						   written on by dyld */
+/*
+ * If a segment contains any sections marked with S_ATTR_DEBUG then all
+ * sections in that segment must have this attribute.  No section other than
+ * a section marked with this attribute may reference the contents of this
+ * section.  A section with this attribute may contain no symbols and must have
+ * a section type S_REGULAR.  The static linker will not copy section contents
+ * from sections with this attribute into its output file.  These sections
+ * generally contain DWARF debugging info.
+ */ 
+#define	S_ATTR_DEBUG		 0x02000000	/* a debug section */
+#define SECTION_ATTRIBUTES_SYS	 0x00ffff00	/* system setable attributes */
+#define S_ATTR_SOME_INSTRUCTIONS 0x00000400	/* section contains some
+						   machine instructions */
+#define S_ATTR_EXT_RELOC	 0x00000200	/* section has external
+						   relocation entries */
+#define S_ATTR_LOC_RELOC	 0x00000100	/* section has local
+						   relocation entries */
+
+
+/*
+ * The names of segments and sections in them are mostly meaningless to the
+ * link-editor.  But there are few things to support traditional UNIX
+ * executables that require the link-editor and assembler to use some names
+ * agreed upon by convention.
+ *
+ * The initial protection of the "__TEXT" segment has write protection turned
+ * off (not writeable).
+ *
+ * The link-editor will allocate common symbols at the end of the "__common"
+ * section in the "__DATA" segment.  It will create the section and segment
+ * if needed.
+ */
+
+/* The currently known segment names and the section names in those segments */
+
+#define	SEG_PAGEZERO	"__PAGEZERO"	/* the pagezero segment which has no */
+					/* protections and catches NULL */
+					/* references for MH_EXECUTE files */
+
+
+#define	SEG_TEXT	"__TEXT"	/* the tradition UNIX text segment */
+#define	SECT_TEXT	"__text"	/* the real text part of the text */
+					/* section no headers, and no padding */
+#define SECT_FVMLIB_INIT0 "__fvmlib_init0"	/* the fvmlib initialization */
+						/*  section */
+#define SECT_FVMLIB_INIT1 "__fvmlib_init1"	/* the section following the */
+					        /*  fvmlib initialization */
+						/*  section */
+
+#define	SEG_DATA	"__DATA"	/* the tradition UNIX data segment */
+#define	SECT_DATA	"__data"	/* the real initialized data section */
+					/* no padding, no bss overlap */
+#define	SECT_BSS	"__bss"		/* the real uninitialized data section*/
+					/* no padding */
+#define SECT_COMMON	"__common"	/* the section common symbols are */
+					/* allocated in by the link editor */
+
+#define	SEG_OBJC	"__OBJC"	/* objective-C runtime segment */
+#define SECT_OBJC_SYMBOLS "__symbol_table"	/* symbol table */
+#define SECT_OBJC_MODULES "__module_info"	/* module information */
+#define SECT_OBJC_STRINGS "__selector_strs"	/* string table */
+#define SECT_OBJC_REFS "__selector_refs"	/* string table */
+
+#define	SEG_ICON	 "__ICON"	/* the icon segment */
+#define	SECT_ICON_HEADER "__header"	/* the icon headers */
+#define	SECT_ICON_TIFF   "__tiff"	/* the icons in tiff format */
+
+#define	SEG_LINKEDIT	"__LINKEDIT"	/* the segment containing all structs */
+					/* created and maintained by the link */
+					/* editor.  Created with -seglinkedit */
+					/* option to ld(1) for MH_EXECUTE and */
+					/* FVMLIB file types only */
+
+#define SEG_UNIXSTACK	"__UNIXSTACK"	/* the unix stack segment */
+
+#define SEG_IMPORT	"__IMPORT"	/* the segment for the self (dyld) */
+					/* modifing code stubs that has read, */
+					/* write and execute permissions */
+
+/*
+ * Fixed virtual memory shared libraries are identified by two things.  The
+ * target pathname (the name of the library as found for execution), and the
+ * minor version number.  The address of where the headers are loaded is in
+ * header_addr. (THIS IS OBSOLETE and no longer supported).
+ */
+struct fvmlib {
+	union lc_str	name;		/* library's target pathname */
+	uint32_t	minor_version;	/* library's minor version number */
+	uint32_t	header_addr;	/* library's header address */
+};
+
+/*
+ * A fixed virtual shared library (filetype == MH_FVMLIB in the mach header)
+ * contains a fvmlib_command (cmd == LC_IDFVMLIB) to identify the library.
+ * An object that uses a fixed virtual shared library also contains a
+ * fvmlib_command (cmd == LC_LOADFVMLIB) for each library it uses.
+ * (THIS IS OBSOLETE and no longer supported).
+ */
+struct fvmlib_command {
+	uint32_t	cmd;		/* LC_IDFVMLIB or LC_LOADFVMLIB */
+	uint32_t	cmdsize;	/* includes pathname string */
+	struct fvmlib	fvmlib;		/* the library identification */
+};
+
+/*
+ * Dynamicly linked shared libraries are identified by two things.  The
+ * pathname (the name of the library as found for execution), and the
+ * compatibility version number.  The pathname must match and the compatibility
+ * number in the user of the library must be greater than or equal to the
+ * library being used.  The time stamp is used to record the time a library was
+ * built and copied into user so it can be use to determined if the library used
+ * at runtime is exactly the same as used to built the program.
+ */
+struct dylib {
+    union lc_str  name;			/* library's path name */
+    uint32_t timestamp;			/* library's build time stamp */
+    uint32_t current_version;		/* library's current version number */
+    uint32_t compatibility_version;	/* library's compatibility vers number*/
+};
+
+/*
+ * A dynamically linked shared library (filetype == MH_DYLIB in the mach header)
+ * contains a dylib_command (cmd == LC_ID_DYLIB) to identify the library.
+ * An object that uses a dynamically linked shared library also contains a
+ * dylib_command (cmd == LC_LOAD_DYLIB, LC_LOAD_WEAK_DYLIB, or
+ * LC_REEXPORT_DYLIB) for each library it uses.
+ */
+struct dylib_command {
+	uint32_t	cmd;		/* LC_ID_DYLIB, LC_LOAD_{,WEAK_}DYLIB,
+					   LC_REEXPORT_DYLIB */
+	uint32_t	cmdsize;	/* includes pathname string */
+	struct dylib	dylib;		/* the library identification */
+};
+
+/*
+ * A dynamically linked shared library may be a subframework of an umbrella
+ * framework.  If so it will be linked with "-umbrella umbrella_name" where
+ * Where "umbrella_name" is the name of the umbrella framework. A subframework
+ * can only be linked against by its umbrella framework or other subframeworks
+ * that are part of the same umbrella framework.  Otherwise the static link
+ * editor produces an error and states to link against the umbrella framework.
+ * The name of the umbrella framework for subframeworks is recorded in the
+ * following structure.
+ */
+struct sub_framework_command {
+	uint32_t	cmd;		/* LC_SUB_FRAMEWORK */
+	uint32_t	cmdsize;	/* includes umbrella string */
+	union lc_str 	umbrella;	/* the umbrella framework name */
+};
+
+/*
+ * For dynamically linked shared libraries that are subframework of an umbrella
+ * framework they can allow clients other than the umbrella framework or other
+ * subframeworks in the same umbrella framework.  To do this the subframework
+ * is built with "-allowable_client client_name" and an LC_SUB_CLIENT load
+ * command is created for each -allowable_client flag.  The client_name is
+ * usually a framework name.  It can also be a name used for bundles clients
+ * where the bundle is built with "-client_name client_name".
+ */
+struct sub_client_command {
+	uint32_t	cmd;		/* LC_SUB_CLIENT */
+	uint32_t	cmdsize;	/* includes client string */
+	union lc_str 	client;		/* the client name */
+};
+
+/*
+ * A dynamically linked shared library may be a sub_umbrella of an umbrella
+ * framework.  If so it will be linked with "-sub_umbrella umbrella_name" where
+ * Where "umbrella_name" is the name of the sub_umbrella framework.  When
+ * staticly linking when -twolevel_namespace is in effect a twolevel namespace 
+ * umbrella framework will only cause its subframeworks and those frameworks
+ * listed as sub_umbrella frameworks to be implicited linked in.  Any other
+ * dependent dynamic libraries will not be linked it when -twolevel_namespace
+ * is in effect.  The primary library recorded by the static linker when
+ * resolving a symbol in these libraries will be the umbrella framework.
+ * Zero or more sub_umbrella frameworks may be use by an umbrella framework.
+ * The name of a sub_umbrella framework is recorded in the following structure.
+ */
+struct sub_umbrella_command {
+	uint32_t	cmd;		/* LC_SUB_UMBRELLA */
+	uint32_t	cmdsize;	/* includes sub_umbrella string */
+	union lc_str 	sub_umbrella;	/* the sub_umbrella framework name */
+};
+
+/*
+ * A dynamically linked shared library may be a sub_library of another shared
+ * library.  If so it will be linked with "-sub_library library_name" where
+ * Where "library_name" is the name of the sub_library shared library.  When
+ * staticly linking when -twolevel_namespace is in effect a twolevel namespace 
+ * shared library will only cause its subframeworks and those frameworks
+ * listed as sub_umbrella frameworks and libraries listed as sub_libraries to
+ * be implicited linked in.  Any other dependent dynamic libraries will not be
+ * linked it when -twolevel_namespace is in effect.  The primary library
+ * recorded by the static linker when resolving a symbol in these libraries
+ * will be the umbrella framework (or dynamic library). Zero or more sub_library
+ * shared libraries may be use by an umbrella framework or (or dynamic library).
+ * The name of a sub_library framework is recorded in the following structure.
+ * For example /usr/lib/libobjc_profile.A.dylib would be recorded as "libobjc".
+ */
+struct sub_library_command {
+	uint32_t	cmd;		/* LC_SUB_LIBRARY */
+	uint32_t	cmdsize;	/* includes sub_library string */
+	union lc_str 	sub_library;	/* the sub_library name */
+};
+
+/*
+ * A program (filetype == MH_EXECUTE) that is
+ * prebound to its dynamic libraries has one of these for each library that
+ * the static linker used in prebinding.  It contains a bit vector for the
+ * modules in the library.  The bits indicate which modules are bound (1) and
+ * which are not (0) from the library.  The bit for module 0 is the low bit
+ * of the first byte.  So the bit for the Nth module is:
+ * (linked_modules[N/8] >> N%8) & 1
+ */
+struct prebound_dylib_command {
+	uint32_t	cmd;		/* LC_PREBOUND_DYLIB */
+	uint32_t	cmdsize;	/* includes strings */
+	union lc_str	name;		/* library's path name */
+	uint32_t	nmodules;	/* number of modules in library */
+	union lc_str	linked_modules;	/* bit vector of linked modules */
+};
+
+/*
+ * A program that uses a dynamic linker contains a dylinker_command to identify
+ * the name of the dynamic linker (LC_LOAD_DYLINKER).  And a dynamic linker
+ * contains a dylinker_command to identify the dynamic linker (LC_ID_DYLINKER).
+ * A file can have at most one of these.
+ * This struct is also used for the LC_DYLD_ENVIRONMENT load command and
+ * contains string for dyld to treat like environment variable.
+ */
+struct dylinker_command {
+	uint32_t	cmd;		/* LC_ID_DYLINKER, LC_LOAD_DYLINKER or
+					   LC_DYLD_ENVIRONMENT */
+	uint32_t	cmdsize;	/* includes pathname string */
+	union lc_str    name;		/* dynamic linker's path name */
+};
+
+/*
+ * Thread commands contain machine-specific data structures suitable for
+ * use in the thread state primitives.  The machine specific data structures
+ * follow the struct thread_command as follows.
+ * Each flavor of machine specific data structure is preceded by an unsigned
+ * long constant for the flavor of that data structure, an uint32_t
+ * that is the count of longs of the size of the state data structure and then
+ * the state data structure follows.  This triple may be repeated for many
+ * flavors.  The constants for the flavors, counts and state data structure
+ * definitions are expected to be in the header file <machine/thread_status.h>.
+ * These machine specific data structures sizes must be multiples of
+ * 4 bytes  The cmdsize reflects the total size of the thread_command
+ * and all of the sizes of the constants for the flavors, counts and state
+ * data structures.
+ *
+ * For executable objects that are unix processes there will be one
+ * thread_command (cmd == LC_UNIXTHREAD) created for it by the link-editor.
+ * This is the same as a LC_THREAD, except that a stack is automatically
+ * created (based on the shell's limit for the stack size).  Command arguments
+ * and environment variables are copied onto that stack.
+ */
+struct thread_command {
+	uint32_t	cmd;		/* LC_THREAD or  LC_UNIXTHREAD */
+	uint32_t	cmdsize;	/* total size of this command */
+	/* uint32_t flavor		   flavor of thread state */
+	/* uint32_t count		   count of longs in thread state */
+	/* struct XXX_thread_state state   thread state for this flavor */
+	/* ... */
+};
+
+/*
+ * The routines command contains the address of the dynamic shared library 
+ * initialization routine and an index into the module table for the module
+ * that defines the routine.  Before any modules are used from the library the
+ * dynamic linker fully binds the module that defines the initialization routine
+ * and then calls it.  This gets called before any module initialization
+ * routines (used for C++ static constructors) in the library.
+ */
+struct routines_command { /* for 32-bit architectures */
+	uint32_t	cmd;		/* LC_ROUTINES */
+	uint32_t	cmdsize;	/* total size of this command */
+	uint32_t	init_address;	/* address of initialization routine */
+	uint32_t	init_module;	/* index into the module table that */
+				        /*  the init routine is defined in */
+	uint32_t	reserved1;
+	uint32_t	reserved2;
+	uint32_t	reserved3;
+	uint32_t	reserved4;
+	uint32_t	reserved5;
+	uint32_t	reserved6;
+};
+
+/*
+ * The 64-bit routines command.  Same use as above.
+ */
+struct routines_command_64 { /* for 64-bit architectures */
+	uint32_t	cmd;		/* LC_ROUTINES_64 */
+	uint32_t	cmdsize;	/* total size of this command */
+	uint64_t	init_address;	/* address of initialization routine */
+	uint64_t	init_module;	/* index into the module table that */
+					/*  the init routine is defined in */
+	uint64_t	reserved1;
+	uint64_t	reserved2;
+	uint64_t	reserved3;
+	uint64_t	reserved4;
+	uint64_t	reserved5;
+	uint64_t	reserved6;
+};
+
+/*
+ * The symtab_command contains the offsets and sizes of the link-edit 4.3BSD
+ * "stab" style symbol table information as described in the header files
+ * <nlist.h> and <stab.h>.
+ */
+struct symtab_command {
+	uint32_t	cmd;		/* LC_SYMTAB */
+	uint32_t	cmdsize;	/* sizeof(struct symtab_command) */
+	uint32_t	symoff;		/* symbol table offset */
+	uint32_t	nsyms;		/* number of symbol table entries */
+	uint32_t	stroff;		/* string table offset */
+	uint32_t	strsize;	/* string table size in bytes */
+};
+
+/*
+ * This is the second set of the symbolic information which is used to support
+ * the data structures for the dynamically link editor.
+ *
+ * The original set of symbolic information in the symtab_command which contains
+ * the symbol and string tables must also be present when this load command is
+ * present.  When this load command is present the symbol table is organized
+ * into three groups of symbols:
+ *	local symbols (static and debugging symbols) - grouped by module
+ *	defined external symbols - grouped by module (sorted by name if not lib)
+ *	undefined external symbols (sorted by name if MH_BINDATLOAD is not set,
+ *	     			    and in order the were seen by the static
+ *				    linker if MH_BINDATLOAD is set)
+ * In this load command there are offsets and counts to each of the three groups
+ * of symbols.
+ *
+ * This load command contains a the offsets and sizes of the following new
+ * symbolic information tables:
+ *	table of contents
+ *	module table
+ *	reference symbol table
+ *	indirect symbol table
+ * The first three tables above (the table of contents, module table and
+ * reference symbol table) are only present if the file is a dynamically linked
+ * shared library.  For executable and object modules, which are files
+ * containing only one module, the information that would be in these three
+ * tables is determined as follows:
+ * 	table of contents - the defined external symbols are sorted by name
+ *	module table - the file contains only one module so everything in the
+ *		       file is part of the module.
+ *	reference symbol table - is the defined and undefined external symbols
+ *
+ * For dynamically linked shared library files this load command also contains
+ * offsets and sizes to the pool of relocation entries for all sections
+ * separated into two groups:
+ *	external relocation entries
+ *	local relocation entries
+ * For executable and object modules the relocation entries continue to hang
+ * off the section structures.
+ */
+struct dysymtab_command {
+    uint32_t cmd;	/* LC_DYSYMTAB */
+    uint32_t cmdsize;	/* sizeof(struct dysymtab_command) */
+
+    /*
+     * The symbols indicated by symoff and nsyms of the LC_SYMTAB load command
+     * are grouped into the following three groups:
+     *    local symbols (further grouped by the module they are from)
+     *    defined external symbols (further grouped by the module they are from)
+     *    undefined symbols
+     *
+     * The local symbols are used only for debugging.  The dynamic binding
+     * process may have to use them to indicate to the debugger the local
+     * symbols for a module that is being bound.
+     *
+     * The last two groups are used by the dynamic binding process to do the
+     * binding (indirectly through the module table and the reference symbol
+     * table when this is a dynamically linked shared library file).
+     */
+    uint32_t ilocalsym;	/* index to local symbols */
+    uint32_t nlocalsym;	/* number of local symbols */
+
+    uint32_t iextdefsym;/* index to externally defined symbols */
+    uint32_t nextdefsym;/* number of externally defined symbols */
+
+    uint32_t iundefsym;	/* index to undefined symbols */
+    uint32_t nundefsym;	/* number of undefined symbols */
+
+    /*
+     * For the for the dynamic binding process to find which module a symbol
+     * is defined in the table of contents is used (analogous to the ranlib
+     * structure in an archive) which maps defined external symbols to modules
+     * they are defined in.  This exists only in a dynamically linked shared
+     * library file.  For executable and object modules the defined external
+     * symbols are sorted by name and is use as the table of contents.
+     */
+    uint32_t tocoff;	/* file offset to table of contents */
+    uint32_t ntoc;	/* number of entries in table of contents */
+
+    /*
+     * To support dynamic binding of "modules" (whole object files) the symbol
+     * table must reflect the modules that the file was created from.  This is
+     * done by having a module table that has indexes and counts into the merged
+     * tables for each module.  The module structure that these two entries
+     * refer to is described below.  This exists only in a dynamically linked
+     * shared library file.  For executable and object modules the file only
+     * contains one module so everything in the file belongs to the module.
+     */
+    uint32_t modtaboff;	/* file offset to module table */
+    uint32_t nmodtab;	/* number of module table entries */
+
+    /*
+     * To support dynamic module binding the module structure for each module
+     * indicates the external references (defined and undefined) each module
+     * makes.  For each module there is an offset and a count into the
+     * reference symbol table for the symbols that the module references.
+     * This exists only in a dynamically linked shared library file.  For
+     * executable and object modules the defined external symbols and the
+     * undefined external symbols indicates the external references.
+     */
+    uint32_t extrefsymoff;	/* offset to referenced symbol table */
+    uint32_t nextrefsyms;	/* number of referenced symbol table entries */
+
+    /*
+     * The sections that contain "symbol pointers" and "routine stubs" have
+     * indexes and (implied counts based on the size of the section and fixed
+     * size of the entry) into the "indirect symbol" table for each pointer
+     * and stub.  For every section of these two types the index into the
+     * indirect symbol table is stored in the section header in the field
+     * reserved1.  An indirect symbol table entry is simply a 32bit index into
+     * the symbol table to the symbol that the pointer or stub is referring to.
+     * The indirect symbol table is ordered to match the entries in the section.
+     */
+    uint32_t indirectsymoff; /* file offset to the indirect symbol table */
+    uint32_t nindirectsyms;  /* number of indirect symbol table entries */
+
+    /*
+     * To support relocating an individual module in a library file quickly the
+     * external relocation entries for each module in the library need to be
+     * accessed efficiently.  Since the relocation entries can't be accessed
+     * through the section headers for a library file they are separated into
+     * groups of local and external entries further grouped by module.  In this
+     * case the presents of this load command who's extreloff, nextrel,
+     * locreloff and nlocrel fields are non-zero indicates that the relocation
+     * entries of non-merged sections are not referenced through the section
+     * structures (and the reloff and nreloc fields in the section headers are
+     * set to zero).
+     *
+     * Since the relocation entries are not accessed through the section headers
+     * this requires the r_address field to be something other than a section
+     * offset to identify the item to be relocated.  In this case r_address is
+     * set to the offset from the vmaddr of the first LC_SEGMENT command.
+     * For MH_SPLIT_SEGS images r_address is set to the the offset from the
+     * vmaddr of the first read-write LC_SEGMENT command.
+     *
+     * The relocation entries are grouped by module and the module table
+     * entries have indexes and counts into them for the group of external
+     * relocation entries for that the module.
+     *
+     * For sections that are merged across modules there must not be any
+     * remaining external relocation entries for them (for merged sections
+     * remaining relocation entries must be local).
+     */
+    uint32_t extreloff;	/* offset to external relocation entries */
+    uint32_t nextrel;	/* number of external relocation entries */
+
+    /*
+     * All the local relocation entries are grouped together (they are not
+     * grouped by their module since they are only used if the object is moved
+     * from it staticly link edited address).
+     */
+    uint32_t locreloff;	/* offset to local relocation entries */
+    uint32_t nlocrel;	/* number of local relocation entries */
+
+};	
+
+/*
+ * An indirect symbol table entry is simply a 32bit index into the symbol table 
+ * to the symbol that the pointer or stub is refering to.  Unless it is for a
+ * non-lazy symbol pointer section for a defined symbol which strip(1) as 
+ * removed.  In which case it has the value INDIRECT_SYMBOL_LOCAL.  If the
+ * symbol was also absolute INDIRECT_SYMBOL_ABS is or'ed with that.
+ */
+#define INDIRECT_SYMBOL_LOCAL	0x80000000
+#define INDIRECT_SYMBOL_ABS	0x40000000
+
+
+/* a table of contents entry */
+struct dylib_table_of_contents {
+    uint32_t symbol_index;	/* the defined external symbol
+				   (index into the symbol table) */
+    uint32_t module_index;	/* index into the module table this symbol
+				   is defined in */
+};	
+
+/* a module table entry */
+struct dylib_module {
+    uint32_t module_name;	/* the module name (index into string table) */
+
+    uint32_t iextdefsym;	/* index into externally defined symbols */
+    uint32_t nextdefsym;	/* number of externally defined symbols */
+    uint32_t irefsym;		/* index into reference symbol table */
+    uint32_t nrefsym;		/* number of reference symbol table entries */
+    uint32_t ilocalsym;		/* index into symbols for local symbols */
+    uint32_t nlocalsym;		/* number of local symbols */
+
+    uint32_t iextrel;		/* index into external relocation entries */
+    uint32_t nextrel;		/* number of external relocation entries */
+
+    uint32_t iinit_iterm;	/* low 16 bits are the index into the init
+				   section, high 16 bits are the index into
+			           the term section */
+    uint32_t ninit_nterm;	/* low 16 bits are the number of init section
+				   entries, high 16 bits are the number of
+				   term section entries */
+
+    uint32_t			/* for this module address of the start of */
+	objc_module_info_addr;  /*  the (__OBJC,__module_info) section */
+    uint32_t			/* for this module size of */
+	objc_module_info_size;	/*  the (__OBJC,__module_info) section */
+};	
+
+/* a 64-bit module table entry */
+struct dylib_module_64 {
+    uint32_t module_name;	/* the module name (index into string table) */
+
+    uint32_t iextdefsym;	/* index into externally defined symbols */
+    uint32_t nextdefsym;	/* number of externally defined symbols */
+    uint32_t irefsym;		/* index into reference symbol table */
+    uint32_t nrefsym;		/* number of reference symbol table entries */
+    uint32_t ilocalsym;		/* index into symbols for local symbols */
+    uint32_t nlocalsym;		/* number of local symbols */
+
+    uint32_t iextrel;		/* index into external relocation entries */
+    uint32_t nextrel;		/* number of external relocation entries */
+
+    uint32_t iinit_iterm;	/* low 16 bits are the index into the init
+				   section, high 16 bits are the index into
+				   the term section */
+    uint32_t ninit_nterm;      /* low 16 bits are the number of init section
+				  entries, high 16 bits are the number of
+				  term section entries */
+
+    uint32_t			/* for this module size of */
+        objc_module_info_size;	/*  the (__OBJC,__module_info) section */
+    uint64_t			/* for this module address of the start of */
+        objc_module_info_addr;	/*  the (__OBJC,__module_info) section */
+};
+
+/* 
+ * The entries in the reference symbol table are used when loading the module
+ * (both by the static and dynamic link editors) and if the module is unloaded
+ * or replaced.  Therefore all external symbols (defined and undefined) are
+ * listed in the module's reference table.  The flags describe the type of
+ * reference that is being made.  The constants for the flags are defined in
+ * <mach-o/nlist.h> as they are also used for symbol table entries.
+ */
+struct dylib_reference {
+    uint32_t isym:24,		/* index into the symbol table */
+    		  flags:8;	/* flags to indicate the type of reference */
+};
+
+/*
+ * The twolevel_hints_command contains the offset and number of hints in the
+ * two-level namespace lookup hints table.
+ */
+struct twolevel_hints_command {
+    uint32_t cmd;	/* LC_TWOLEVEL_HINTS */
+    uint32_t cmdsize;	/* sizeof(struct twolevel_hints_command) */
+    uint32_t offset;	/* offset to the hint table */
+    uint32_t nhints;	/* number of hints in the hint table */
+};
+
+/*
+ * The entries in the two-level namespace lookup hints table are twolevel_hint
+ * structs.  These provide hints to the dynamic link editor where to start
+ * looking for an undefined symbol in a two-level namespace image.  The
+ * isub_image field is an index into the sub-images (sub-frameworks and
+ * sub-umbrellas list) that made up the two-level image that the undefined
+ * symbol was found in when it was built by the static link editor.  If
+ * isub-image is 0 the the symbol is expected to be defined in library and not
+ * in the sub-images.  If isub-image is non-zero it is an index into the array
+ * of sub-images for the umbrella with the first index in the sub-images being
+ * 1. The array of sub-images is the ordered list of sub-images of the umbrella
+ * that would be searched for a symbol that has the umbrella recorded as its
+ * primary library.  The table of contents index is an index into the
+ * library's table of contents.  This is used as the starting point of the
+ * binary search or a directed linear search.
+ */
+struct twolevel_hint {
+    uint32_t 
+	isub_image:8,	/* index into the sub images */
+	itoc:24;	/* index into the table of contents */
+};
+
+/*
+ * The prebind_cksum_command contains the value of the original check sum for
+ * prebound files or zero.  When a prebound file is first created or modified
+ * for other than updating its prebinding information the value of the check sum
+ * is set to zero.  When the file has it prebinding re-done and if the value of
+ * the check sum is zero the original check sum is calculated and stored in
+ * cksum field of this load command in the output file.  If when the prebinding
+ * is re-done and the cksum field is non-zero it is left unchanged from the
+ * input file.
+ */
+struct prebind_cksum_command {
+    uint32_t cmd;	/* LC_PREBIND_CKSUM */
+    uint32_t cmdsize;	/* sizeof(struct prebind_cksum_command) */
+    uint32_t cksum;	/* the check sum or zero */
+};
+
+/*
+ * The uuid load command contains a single 128-bit unique random number that
+ * identifies an object produced by the static link editor.
+ */
+struct uuid_command {
+    uint32_t	cmd;		/* LC_UUID */
+    uint32_t	cmdsize;	/* sizeof(struct uuid_command) */
+    uint8_t	uuid[16];	/* the 128-bit uuid */
+};
+
+/*
+ * The rpath_command contains a path which at runtime should be added to
+ * the current run path used to find @rpath prefixed dylibs.
+ */
+struct rpath_command {
+    uint32_t	 cmd;		/* LC_RPATH */
+    uint32_t	 cmdsize;	/* includes string */
+    union lc_str path;		/* path to add to run path */
+};
+
+/*
+ * The linkedit_data_command contains the offsets and sizes of a blob
+ * of data in the __LINKEDIT segment.  
+ */
+struct linkedit_data_command {
+    uint32_t	cmd;		/* LC_CODE_SIGNATURE, LC_SEGMENT_SPLIT_INFO,
+                                   LC_FUNCTION_STARTS, LC_DATA_IN_CODE,
+				   or LC_DYLIB_CODE_SIGN_DRS */
+    uint32_t	cmdsize;	/* sizeof(struct linkedit_data_command) */
+    uint32_t	dataoff;	/* file offset of data in __LINKEDIT segment */
+    uint32_t	datasize;	/* file size of data in __LINKEDIT segment  */
+};
+
+/*
+ * The encryption_info_command contains the file offset and size of an
+ * of an encrypted segment.
+ */
+struct encryption_info_command {
+   uint32_t	cmd;		/* LC_ENCRYPTION_INFO */
+   uint32_t	cmdsize;	/* sizeof(struct encryption_info_command) */
+   uint32_t	cryptoff;	/* file offset of encrypted range */
+   uint32_t	cryptsize;	/* file size of encrypted range */
+   uint32_t	cryptid;	/* which enryption system,
+				   0 means not-encrypted yet */
+};
+
+/*
+ * The version_min_command contains the min OS version on which this 
+ * binary was built to run.
+ */
+struct version_min_command {
+    uint32_t	cmd;		/* LC_VERSION_MIN_MACOSX or
+				   LC_VERSION_MIN_IPHONEOS  */
+    uint32_t	cmdsize;	/* sizeof(struct min_version_command) */
+    uint32_t	version;	/* X.Y.Z is encoded in nibbles xxxx.yy.zz */
+    uint32_t	sdk;		/* X.Y.Z is encoded in nibbles xxxx.yy.zz */
+};
+
+/*
+ * The dyld_info_command contains the file offsets and sizes of 
+ * the new compressed form of the information dyld needs to 
+ * load the image.  This information is used by dyld on Mac OS X
+ * 10.6 and later.  All information pointed to by this command
+ * is encoded using byte streams, so no endian swapping is needed
+ * to interpret it. 
+ */
+struct dyld_info_command {
+   uint32_t   cmd;		/* LC_DYLD_INFO or LC_DYLD_INFO_ONLY */
+   uint32_t   cmdsize;		/* sizeof(struct dyld_info_command) */
+
+    /*
+     * Dyld rebases an image whenever dyld loads it at an address different
+     * from its preferred address.  The rebase information is a stream
+     * of byte sized opcodes whose symbolic names start with REBASE_OPCODE_.
+     * Conceptually the rebase information is a table of tuples:
+     *    <seg-index, seg-offset, type>
+     * The opcodes are a compressed way to encode the table by only
+     * encoding when a column changes.  In addition simple patterns
+     * like "every n'th offset for m times" can be encoded in a few
+     * bytes.
+     */
+    uint32_t   rebase_off;	/* file offset to rebase info  */
+    uint32_t   rebase_size;	/* size of rebase info   */
+    
+    /*
+     * Dyld binds an image during the loading process, if the image
+     * requires any pointers to be initialized to symbols in other images.  
+     * The bind information is a stream of byte sized 
+     * opcodes whose symbolic names start with BIND_OPCODE_.
+     * Conceptually the bind information is a table of tuples:
+     *    <seg-index, seg-offset, type, symbol-library-ordinal, symbol-name, addend>
+     * The opcodes are a compressed way to encode the table by only
+     * encoding when a column changes.  In addition simple patterns
+     * like for runs of pointers initialzed to the same value can be 
+     * encoded in a few bytes.
+     */
+    uint32_t   bind_off;	/* file offset to binding info   */
+    uint32_t   bind_size;	/* size of binding info  */
+        
+    /*
+     * Some C++ programs require dyld to unique symbols so that all
+     * images in the process use the same copy of some code/data.
+     * This step is done after binding. The content of the weak_bind
+     * info is an opcode stream like the bind_info.  But it is sorted
+     * alphabetically by symbol name.  This enable dyld to walk 
+     * all images with weak binding information in order and look
+     * for collisions.  If there are no collisions, dyld does
+     * no updating.  That means that some fixups are also encoded
+     * in the bind_info.  For instance, all calls to "operator new"
+     * are first bound to libstdc++.dylib using the information
+     * in bind_info.  Then if some image overrides operator new
+     * that is detected when the weak_bind information is processed
+     * and the call to operator new is then rebound.
+     */
+    uint32_t   weak_bind_off;	/* file offset to weak binding info   */
+    uint32_t   weak_bind_size;  /* size of weak binding info  */
+    
+    /*
+     * Some uses of external symbols do not need to be bound immediately.
+     * Instead they can be lazily bound on first use.  The lazy_bind
+     * are contains a stream of BIND opcodes to bind all lazy symbols.
+     * Normal use is that dyld ignores the lazy_bind section when
+     * loading an image.  Instead the static linker arranged for the
+     * lazy pointer to initially point to a helper function which 
+     * pushes the offset into the lazy_bind area for the symbol
+     * needing to be bound, then jumps to dyld which simply adds
+     * the offset to lazy_bind_off to get the information on what 
+     * to bind.  
+     */
+    uint32_t   lazy_bind_off;	/* file offset to lazy binding info */
+    uint32_t   lazy_bind_size;  /* size of lazy binding infs */
+    
+    /*
+     * The symbols exported by a dylib are encoded in a trie.  This
+     * is a compact representation that factors out common prefixes.
+     * It also reduces LINKEDIT pages in RAM because it encodes all  
+     * information (name, address, flags) in one small, contiguous range.
+     * The export area is a stream of nodes.  The first node sequentially
+     * is the start node for the trie.  
+     *
+     * Nodes for a symbol start with a uleb128 that is the length of
+     * the exported symbol information for the string so far.
+     * If there is no exported symbol, the node starts with a zero byte. 
+     * If there is exported info, it follows the length.  
+	 *
+	 * First is a uleb128 containing flags. Normally, it is followed by
+     * a uleb128 encoded offset which is location of the content named
+     * by the symbol from the mach_header for the image.  If the flags
+     * is EXPORT_SYMBOL_FLAGS_REEXPORT, then following the flags is
+     * a uleb128 encoded library ordinal, then a zero terminated
+     * UTF8 string.  If the string is zero length, then the symbol
+     * is re-export from the specified dylib with the same name.
+	 * If the flags is EXPORT_SYMBOL_FLAGS_STUB_AND_RESOLVER, then following
+	 * the flags is two uleb128s: the stub offset and the resolver offset.
+	 * The stub is used by non-lazy pointers.  The resolver is used
+	 * by lazy pointers and must be called to get the actual address to use.
+     *
+     * After the optional exported symbol information is a byte of
+     * how many edges (0-255) that this node has leaving it, 
+     * followed by each edge.
+     * Each edge is a zero terminated UTF8 of the addition chars
+     * in the symbol, followed by a uleb128 offset for the node that
+     * edge points to.
+     *  
+     */
+    uint32_t   export_off;	/* file offset to lazy binding info */
+    uint32_t   export_size;	/* size of lazy binding infs */
+};
+
+/*
+ * The following are used to encode rebasing information
+ */
+#define REBASE_TYPE_POINTER					1
+#define REBASE_TYPE_TEXT_ABSOLUTE32				2
+#define REBASE_TYPE_TEXT_PCREL32				3
+
+#define REBASE_OPCODE_MASK					0xF0
+#define REBASE_IMMEDIATE_MASK					0x0F
+#define REBASE_OPCODE_DONE					0x00
+#define REBASE_OPCODE_SET_TYPE_IMM				0x10
+#define REBASE_OPCODE_SET_SEGMENT_AND_OFFSET_ULEB		0x20
+#define REBASE_OPCODE_ADD_ADDR_ULEB				0x30
+#define REBASE_OPCODE_ADD_ADDR_IMM_SCALED			0x40
+#define REBASE_OPCODE_DO_REBASE_IMM_TIMES			0x50
+#define REBASE_OPCODE_DO_REBASE_ULEB_TIMES			0x60
+#define REBASE_OPCODE_DO_REBASE_ADD_ADDR_ULEB			0x70
+#define REBASE_OPCODE_DO_REBASE_ULEB_TIMES_SKIPPING_ULEB	0x80
+
+
+/*
+ * The following are used to encode binding information
+ */
+#define BIND_TYPE_POINTER					1
+#define BIND_TYPE_TEXT_ABSOLUTE32				2
+#define BIND_TYPE_TEXT_PCREL32					3
+
+#define BIND_SPECIAL_DYLIB_SELF					 0
+#define BIND_SPECIAL_DYLIB_MAIN_EXECUTABLE			-1
+#define BIND_SPECIAL_DYLIB_FLAT_LOOKUP				-2
+
+#define BIND_SYMBOL_FLAGS_WEAK_IMPORT				0x1
+#define BIND_SYMBOL_FLAGS_NON_WEAK_DEFINITION			0x8
+
+#define BIND_OPCODE_MASK					0xF0
+#define BIND_IMMEDIATE_MASK					0x0F
+#define BIND_OPCODE_DONE					0x00
+#define BIND_OPCODE_SET_DYLIB_ORDINAL_IMM			0x10
+#define BIND_OPCODE_SET_DYLIB_ORDINAL_ULEB			0x20
+#define BIND_OPCODE_SET_DYLIB_SPECIAL_IMM			0x30
+#define BIND_OPCODE_SET_SYMBOL_TRAILING_FLAGS_IMM		0x40
+#define BIND_OPCODE_SET_TYPE_IMM				0x50
+#define BIND_OPCODE_SET_ADDEND_SLEB				0x60
+#define BIND_OPCODE_SET_SEGMENT_AND_OFFSET_ULEB			0x70
+#define BIND_OPCODE_ADD_ADDR_ULEB				0x80
+#define BIND_OPCODE_DO_BIND					0x90
+#define BIND_OPCODE_DO_BIND_ADD_ADDR_ULEB			0xA0
+#define BIND_OPCODE_DO_BIND_ADD_ADDR_IMM_SCALED			0xB0
+#define BIND_OPCODE_DO_BIND_ULEB_TIMES_SKIPPING_ULEB		0xC0
+
+
+/*
+ * The following are used on the flags byte of a terminal node
+ * in the export information.
+ */
+#define EXPORT_SYMBOL_FLAGS_KIND_MASK				0x03
+#define EXPORT_SYMBOL_FLAGS_KIND_REGULAR			0x00
+#define EXPORT_SYMBOL_FLAGS_KIND_THREAD_LOCAL			0x01
+#define EXPORT_SYMBOL_FLAGS_WEAK_DEFINITION			0x04
+#define EXPORT_SYMBOL_FLAGS_REEXPORT				0x08
+#define EXPORT_SYMBOL_FLAGS_STUB_AND_RESOLVER			0x10
+
+/*
+ * The symseg_command contains the offset and size of the GNU style
+ * symbol table information as described in the header file <symseg.h>.
+ * The symbol roots of the symbol segments must also be aligned properly
+ * in the file.  So the requirement of keeping the offsets aligned to a
+ * multiple of a 4 bytes translates to the length field of the symbol
+ * roots also being a multiple of a long.  Also the padding must again be
+ * zeroed. (THIS IS OBSOLETE and no longer supported).
+ */
+struct symseg_command {
+	uint32_t	cmd;		/* LC_SYMSEG */
+	uint32_t	cmdsize;	/* sizeof(struct symseg_command) */
+	uint32_t	offset;		/* symbol segment offset */
+	uint32_t	size;		/* symbol segment size in bytes */
+};
+
+/*
+ * The ident_command contains a free format string table following the
+ * ident_command structure.  The strings are null terminated and the size of
+ * the command is padded out with zero bytes to a multiple of 4 bytes/
+ * (THIS IS OBSOLETE and no longer supported).
+ */
+struct ident_command {
+	uint32_t cmd;		/* LC_IDENT */
+	uint32_t cmdsize;	/* strings that follow this command */
+};
+
+/*
+ * The fvmfile_command contains a reference to a file to be loaded at the
+ * specified virtual address.  (Presently, this command is reserved for
+ * internal use.  The kernel ignores this command when loading a program into
+ * memory).
+ */
+struct fvmfile_command {
+	uint32_t cmd;			/* LC_FVMFILE */
+	uint32_t cmdsize;		/* includes pathname string */
+	union lc_str	name;		/* files pathname */
+	uint32_t	header_addr;	/* files virtual address */
+};
+
+
+/*
+ * The entry_point_command is a replacement for thread_command.
+ * It is used for main executables to specify the location (file offset)
+ * of main().  If -stack_size was used at link time, the stacksize
+ * field will contain the stack size need for the main thread.
+ */
+struct entry_point_command {
+    uint32_t  cmd;	/* LC_MAIN only used in MH_EXECUTE filetypes */
+    uint32_t  cmdsize;	/* 24 */
+    uint64_t  entryoff;	/* file (__TEXT) offset of main() */
+    uint64_t  stacksize;/* if not zero, initial stack size */
+};
+
+
+/*
+ * The source_version_command is an optional load command containing
+ * the version of the sources used to build the binary.
+ */
+struct source_version_command {
+    uint32_t  cmd;	/* LC_SOURCE_VERSION */
+    uint32_t  cmdsize;	/* 16 */
+    uint64_t  version;	/* A.B.C.D.E packed as a24.b10.c10.d10.e10 */
+};
+
+
+/*
+ * The LC_DATA_IN_CODE load commands uses a linkedit_data_command 
+ * to point to an array of data_in_code_entry entries. Each entry
+ * describes a range of data in a code section.  This load command
+ * is only used in final linked images.
+ */
+struct data_in_code_entry {
+    uint32_t	offset;  /* from mach_header to start of data range*/
+    uint16_t	length;  /* number of bytes in data range */
+    uint16_t	kind;    /* a DICE_KIND_* value  */
+};
+#define DICE_KIND_DATA              0x0001  /* L$start$data$...  label */
+#define DICE_KIND_JUMP_TABLE8       0x0002  /* L$start$jt8$...   label */
+#define DICE_KIND_JUMP_TABLE16      0x0003  /* L$start$jt16$...  label */
+#define DICE_KIND_JUMP_TABLE32      0x0004  /* L$start$jt32$...  label */
+#define DICE_KIND_ABS_JUMP_TABLE32  0x0005  /* L$start$jta32$... label */
+
+
+
+/*
+ * Sections of type S_THREAD_LOCAL_VARIABLES contain an array 
+ * of tlv_descriptor structures.
+ */
+struct tlv_descriptor
+{
+	void*		(*thunk)(struct tlv_descriptor*);
+	unsigned long	key;
+	unsigned long	offset;
+};
+
+#endif /* _MACHO_LOADER_H_ */