atmospheric 0.4.1 → 0.4.3

checksums.yaml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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data/README.adoc

@@ -14,13 +14,44 @@ units (the ICAO document includes `ft` in addition to `m`).
 
 == Usage
 
+=== Precision modes
+
+There are two precision modes available for calculations: high precision and normal precision (default).
+
+High Precision Mode::
+Uses more accurate constants and number calculations through Ruby's BigDecimal
+to provide results with higher precision. Suitable for applications where the
+utmost accuracy is required.
+
+Normal Precision Mode (default)::
+Uses standard constants and number calculations to provide results with
+sufficient accuracy for most applications.
+
+To specify the precision mode, set the `precision` attribute when creating an instance of `Atmospheric::Isa`:
+
+`:high`:: High precision mode
+`:normal` or not specified:: Normal precision mode
+
+Example usage:
+
+[source,ruby]
+----
+require 'atmospheric'
+
+# Normal precision mode (default)
+normal_precision_instance = Atmospheric::Isa.new
+
+# High precision mode
+high_precision_instance = Atmospheric::Isa.new(precision: :high)
+----
+
 === Formulas and calculations
 
 [source,ruby]
 ----
-> require 'atmospheric'
-> instance = Atmospheric::Isa.method_name
-> # method_name is one of the following
+require 'atmospheric'
+instance = Atmospheric::Isa.{method_name}
+# {method_name} is one of the following
 ----
 
 The available methods are:

data/lib/atmospheric/export/target.rb

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-require "measured"
 require "yaml"
 
 module Atmospheric
@@ -10,11 +9,11 @@ module Atmospheric
       end
 
       def m_to_ft(meters)
-        Measured::Length.new(meters, "m").convert_to("ft").value.to_f
+        meters / 0.3048
       end
 
       def ft_to_m(feet)
-        Measured::Length.new(feet, "ft").convert_to("m").value.to_f
+        feet * 0.3048
       end
 
       def to_yaml

data/lib/atmospheric/isa.rb

@@ -1,51 +1,102 @@
+require "bigdecimal"
+require "bigdecimal/math"
+
 module Atmospheric
   module Isa
     # International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) (ISO 2533:1975)
     # ICAO Standard Atmosphere (ICAO Doc 7488/3, 1994)
 
-    # 2.1 Primary constants and characteristics
-    # Table 1 - Main constants and characteristics adopted for
-    #           the calculation of the ISO Standard Atmosphere
-    constants = {
-      # g_n gravitation at mean sea level (m.s-2)
-      g_n: 9.80665,
+    class << self
+      private
+
+      @precision = :normal # Note the initial make_constants run won't see this
+
+      def num(str)
+        if @precision == :high
+          BigDecimal(str)
+        else
+          str.to_f
+        end
+      end
+
+      def sqrt(num)
+        if @precision == :high
+          BigMath.sqrt(num, 100)
+        else
+          Math.sqrt(num)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def log10(num)
+        if @precision == :high
+          BigMath.log(num, 100) / BigMath.log(10, 100)
+        else
+          Math.log10(num)
+        end
+      end
+
+      # rubocop:disable Metrics/AbcSize
+      # rubocop:disable Metrics/MethodLength
+      def make_constants
+        # 2.1 Primary constants and characteristics
+        # Table 1 - Main constants and characteristics adopted for
+        #           the calculation of the ISO Standard Atmosphere
+        @constants = {
+          # g_n gravitation at mean sea level (m.s-2)
+          g_n: num("9.80665"),
+
+          # Avogadro constant (mol-1)
+          N_A: num("6.02257e+23"),
 
-      # Avogadro constant (mol-1)
-      N_A: 6.02257e+23,
+          # p_n pressure at mean sea level (Pa)
+          p_n: num("101325"),
 
-      # p_n pressure at mean sea level (Pa)
-      p_n: 101325,
+          # rho_n standard air density
+          rho_n: num("1.225"),
 
-      # rho_n standard air density
-      rho_n: 1.225,
+          # T_n standard thermodynamic air temperature at mean sea level
+          T_n: num("288.15"),
 
-      # T_n standard thermodynamic air temperature at mean sea level
-      T_n: 288.15,
+          # universal gas constant
+          R_star: num("8.31432"),
 
-      # universal gas constant
-      R_star: 8.31432,
+          # radius of the Earth (m)
+          radius: num("6356766"),
 
-      # radius of the Earth (m)
-      radius: 6356766,
+          # adiabatic index (dimensionless)
+          k: num("1.4"),
+        }
 
-      # adiabatic index (dimensionless)
-      k: 1.4,
-    }
+        # 2.2 The equation of the static atmosphere and the perfect gas law
+        # Formula (2)
+        # M: air molar mass at sea level, kg.kmol-1
+        # Value given in 2.1 as M: 28.964720
+        @constants[:M] =
+          (@constants[:rho_n] * @constants[:R_star] * @constants[:T_n]) \
+            / @constants[:p_n]
 
-    # 2.2 The equation of the static atmosphere and the perfect gas law
-    # Formula (2)
-    # M: air molar mass at sea level, kg.kmol-1
-    # Value given in 2.1 as M: 28.964720
-    constants[:M] =
-      (constants[:rho_n] * constants[:R_star] * constants[:T_n]) \
-        / constants[:p_n]
+        # Formula (3)
+        # R: specific gas constant, J.K-1.kg-1.
+        # Value given in 2.1 as R: 287.05287
+        @constants[:R] = @constants[:R_star] / @constants[:M]
 
-    # Formula (3)
-    # R: specific gas constant, J.K-1.kg-1.
-    # Value given in 2.1 as R: 287.05287
-    constants[:R] = constants[:R_star] / constants[:M]
+        @sqrt2 = sqrt(num("2"))
+        @pi = if @precision == :high then BigMath.PI(100) else Math::PI end
+      end
+      # rubocop:enable Metrics/AbcSize
+      # rubocop:enable Metrics/MethodLength
 
-    CONST = constants.freeze
+      public
+
+      def set_precision(precision)
+        @precision = if precision == :high then :high else :normal end
+        remove_instance_variable(:@pressure_layers) \
+          if defined?(@pressure_layers)
+        make_constants
+      end
+    end
+
+    make_constants
 
     class << self
       # 2.3 Geopotential and geometric altitides; acceleration of free fall
@@ -54,21 +105,23 @@ module Atmospheric
       # H to h
       # h(m)
       def geometric_altitude_from_geopotential(geopotential_alt)
-        CONST[:radius] * geopotential_alt / (CONST[:radius] - geopotential_alt)
+        @constants[:radius] * geopotential_alt \
+          / (@constants[:radius] - geopotential_alt)
       end
 
       # 2.3 Formula (9)
       # h to H
       # H(m)
       def geopotential_altitude_from_geometric(geometric_alt)
-        CONST[:radius] * geometric_alt / (CONST[:radius] + geometric_alt)
+        @constants[:radius] * geometric_alt \
+          / (@constants[:radius] + geometric_alt)
       end
 
       # 2.3 Formula (7)
       # g(h)
       def gravity_at_geometric(geometric_alt)
-        temp = CONST[:radius] / (CONST[:radius] + geometric_alt)
-        CONST[:g_n] * temp * temp
+        temp = @constants[:radius] / (@constants[:radius] + geometric_alt)
+        @constants[:g_n] * temp * temp
       end
 
       def gravity_at_geopotential(geopotential_alt)
@@ -87,9 +140,9 @@ module Atmospheric
       def temperature_at_layer_from_geopotential(geopotential_alt)
         lower_layer_index = locate_lower_layer(geopotential_alt)
         lower_layer = TEMPERATURE_LAYERS[lower_layer_index]
-        beta = lower_layer[:B]
-        capital_t_b = lower_layer[:T]
-        capital_h_b = lower_layer[:H]
+        beta = num(lower_layer[:B])
+        capital_t_b = num(lower_layer[:T])
+        capital_h_b = num(lower_layer[:H])
 
         capital_t_b + (beta * (geopotential_alt - capital_h_b))
       end
@@ -100,21 +153,23 @@ module Atmospheric
         )
       end
 
+      # rubocop:disable Metrics/AbcSize
       def locate_lower_layer(geopotential_alt)
         # Return first layer if lower than lowest
-        return 0 if geopotential_alt < TEMPERATURE_LAYERS[0][:H]
+        return 0 if geopotential_alt < num(TEMPERATURE_LAYERS[0][:H])
 
         # Return second last layer if beyond last layer
         i = TEMPERATURE_LAYERS.length - 1
-        return i - 1 if geopotential_alt >= TEMPERATURE_LAYERS[i][:H]
+        return i - 1 if geopotential_alt >= num(TEMPERATURE_LAYERS[i][:H])
 
         # find last layer with H smaller than our H
         TEMPERATURE_LAYERS.each_with_index do |layer, ind|
-          return ind - 1 if layer[:H] > geopotential_alt
+          return ind - 1 if num(layer[:H]) > geopotential_alt
         end
 
         nil
       end
+      # rubocop:enable Metrics/AbcSize
 
       # Table 4 - Temperature and vertical temperature gradients
       #
@@ -124,18 +179,18 @@ module Atmospheric
         # B is Temperature gradient, "beta", K m^-1
 
         # This line is from ICAO 7488/3
-        # [H: -5000, T: 320.65, B: -0.0065 ],
+        # { H: "-5000", T: "320.65", B: "-0.0065" },
 
         # This line is from ISO 2533:1975
-        { H: -2000, T: 301.15, B: -0.0065 },
-        { H: 0,     T: 288.15, B: -0.0065 },
-        { H: 11000, T: 216.65, B: 0       },
-        { H: 20000, T: 216.65, B: 0.001   },
-        { H: 32000, T: 228.65, B: 0.0028  },
-        { H: 47000, T: 270.65, B: 0       },
-        { H: 51000, T: 270.65, B: -0.0028 },
-        { H: 71000, T: 214.65, B: -0.002  },
-        { H: 80000, T: 196.65 },
+        { H: "-2000", T: "301.15", B: "-0.0065" },
+        { H: "0",     T: "288.15", B: "-0.0065" },
+        { H: "11000", T: "216.65", B: "0"       },
+        { H: "20000", T: "216.65", B: "0.001"   },
+        { H: "32000", T: "228.65", B: "0.0028"  },
+        { H: "47000", T: "270.65", B: "0"       },
+        { H: "51000", T: "270.65", B: "-0.0028" },
+        { H: "71000", T: "214.65", B: "-0.002"  },
+        { H: "80000", T: "196.65" },
       ].freeze
 
       # 2.7 Pressure
@@ -153,21 +208,21 @@ module Atmospheric
         TEMPERATURE_LAYERS.each_with_index do |_x, i|
           last_i = i.zero? ? 0 : i - 1
           last_layer = TEMPERATURE_LAYERS[last_i]
-          beta = last_layer[:B]
+          beta = num(last_layer[:B])
 
-          if last_layer[:H] <= 0
-            p_b = CONST[:p_n]
+          if num(last_layer[:H]) <= 0
+            p_b = @constants[:p_n]
             capital_h_b = 0
-            capital_t_b = CONST[:T_n]
+            capital_t_b = @constants[:T_n]
           else
             p_b = p[last_i]
-            capital_h_b = last_layer[:H]
-            capital_t_b = last_layer[:T]
+            capital_h_b = num(last_layer[:H])
+            capital_t_b = num(last_layer[:T])
           end
 
           current_layer = TEMPERATURE_LAYERS[i]
-          geopotential_alt = current_layer[:H]
-          temp = current_layer[:T]
+          geopotential_alt = num(current_layer[:H])
+          temp = num(current_layer[:T])
           height_diff = geopotential_alt - capital_h_b
 
           p_i = if beta != 0
@@ -190,33 +245,35 @@ module Atmospheric
       # Formula (12)
       def pressure_formula_beta_nonzero(p_b, beta, temp, height_diff)
         p_b * (1 + ((beta / temp) * height_diff)) \
-          **(-CONST[:g_n] / (beta * CONST[:R]))
+          **(-@constants[:g_n] / (beta * @constants[:R]))
       end
 
       # Formula (13)
       def pressure_formula_beta_zero(p_b, temp, height_diff)
-        p_b * Math.exp(-(CONST[:g_n] / (CONST[:R] * temp)) * height_diff)
+        p_b *
+          Math.exp(-(@constants[:g_n] / (@constants[:R] * temp)) * height_diff)
       end
 
       # puts "PRE-CALCULATED PRESSURE LAYERS:"
       # pp @pressure_layers
 
       def pa_to_mmhg(pascal)
-        pascal * 0.007500616827
+        pascal * num("0.007500616827")
       end
 
       def pa_to_mbar(pascal)
-        pascal * 0.01
+        pascal * num("0.01")
       end
 
+      # rubocop:disable Metrics/AbcSize
       # rubocop:disable Metrics/MethodLength
       # Pressure for a given geopotential altitude `H` (m) above mean sea level
       def pressure_from_geopotential(geopotential_alt)
         i = locate_lower_layer(geopotential_alt)
         lower_temperature_layer = TEMPERATURE_LAYERS[i]
-        beta = lower_temperature_layer[:B]
-        capital_h_b = lower_temperature_layer[:H]
-        capital_t_b = lower_temperature_layer[:T]
+        beta = num(lower_temperature_layer[:B])
+        capital_h_b = num(lower_temperature_layer[:H])
+        capital_t_b = num(lower_temperature_layer[:T])
         temp = temperature_at_layer_from_geopotential(geopotential_alt)
         p_b = pressure_layers[i]
         height_diff = geopotential_alt - capital_h_b
@@ -229,6 +286,7 @@ module Atmospheric
           pressure_formula_beta_zero(p_b, temp, height_diff)
         end
       end
+      # rubocop:enable Metrics/AbcSize
       # rubocop:enable Metrics/MethodLength
 
       def pressure_from_geopotential_mbar(geopotential_alt)
@@ -240,7 +298,7 @@ module Atmospheric
       end
 
       def p_p_n_from_geopotential(geopotential_alt)
-        pressure_from_geopotential(geopotential_alt) / CONST[:p_n]
+        pressure_from_geopotential(geopotential_alt) / @constants[:p_n]
       end
 
       # 2.8 Density and specific weight
@@ -252,15 +310,15 @@ module Atmospheric
         temp = temperature_at_layer_from_geopotential(geopotential_alt)
         p = pressure_from_geopotential(geopotential_alt)
 
-        p / (CONST[:R] * temp)
+        p / (@constants[:R] * temp)
       end
 
       def rho_rho_n_from_geopotential(geopotential_alt)
-        density_from_geopotential(geopotential_alt) / CONST[:rho_n]
+        density_from_geopotential(geopotential_alt) / @constants[:rho_n]
       end
 
       def root_rho_rho_n_from_geopotential(geopotential_alt)
-        Math.sqrt(rho_rho_n_from_geopotential(geopotential_alt))
+        sqrt(rho_rho_n_from_geopotential(geopotential_alt))
       end
 
       # Specific weight
@@ -275,12 +333,12 @@ module Atmospheric
       # Formula (16)
       # H_p
       def pressure_scale_height_from_temp(temp)
-        (CONST[:R] * temp) / CONST[:g_n]
+        (@constants[:R] * temp) / @constants[:g_n]
       end
 
       def pressure_scale_height_from_geopotential(geopotential_alt)
         temp = temperature_at_layer_from_geopotential(geopotential_alt)
-        (CONST[:R] * temp) / gravity_at_geopotential(geopotential_alt)
+        (@constants[:R] * temp) / gravity_at_geopotential(geopotential_alt)
       end
 
       # 2.10 Air number density
@@ -290,7 +348,7 @@ module Atmospheric
         temp = temperature_at_layer_from_geopotential(geopotential_alt)
         p = pressure_from_geopotential(geopotential_alt)
 
-        CONST[:N_A] * p / (CONST[:R_star] * temp)
+        @constants[:N_A] * p / (@constants[:R_star] * temp)
       end
 
       # 2.11 Mean air-particle speed
@@ -298,7 +356,7 @@ module Atmospheric
       # v_bar
       # CORRECT
       def mean_air_particle_speed_from_temp(temp)
-        1.595769 * Math.sqrt(CONST[:R] * temp)
+        num("1.595769") * sqrt(@constants[:R] * temp)
       end
 
       def mean_air_particle_speed_from_geopotential(geopotential_alt)
@@ -310,7 +368,8 @@ module Atmospheric
       # Formula (19)
       # l
       def mean_free_path_of_air_particles_from_geopotential(geopotential_alt)
-        1 / (1.414213562 * 3.141592654 * (3.65e-10**2) * \
+        # 1 / (sqrt(2) * Pi * (3.65e-10**2) * air_number_density
+        1 / (@sqrt2 * @pi * num("0.133225e-18") * \
           air_number_density_from_geopotential(geopotential_alt))
       end
 
@@ -318,9 +377,10 @@ module Atmospheric
       # Formula (20)
       # omega
       def air_particle_collision_frequency_from_temp(air_number_density, temp)
-        4 * (3.65e-10**2) *
-          ((3.141592654 / (CONST[:R_star] * CONST[:M]))**0.5) *
-          air_number_density * CONST[:R_star] * (temp**0.5)
+        # 4 * (3.65e-10**2) * ...
+        4 * num("0.133225e-18") *
+          ((@pi / (@constants[:R_star] * @constants[:M]))**num("0.5")) *
+          air_number_density * @constants[:R_star] * (temp**num("0.5"))
       end
 
       def air_particle_collision_frequency_from_geopotential(geopotential_alt)
@@ -335,8 +395,8 @@ module Atmospheric
       # CORRECT
       def speed_of_sound_from_temp(temp)
         # `kappa` (ratio of c_p / c_v) = 1.4 (see 2.14)
-        kappa = 1.4
-        Math.sqrt(kappa * CONST[:R] * temp)
+        kappa = num("1.4")
+        sqrt(kappa * @constants[:R] * temp)
       end
 
       def speed_of_sound_from_geopotential(geopotential_alt)
@@ -349,10 +409,10 @@ module Atmospheric
       # mu (Pa s)
       def dynamic_viscosity(temp)
         # Sutherland's empirical constants in the equation for dynamic viscosity
-        capital_b_s = 1.458e-6
-        capital_s = 110.4
+        capital_b_s = num("1.458e-6")
+        capital_s = num("110.4")
 
-        (capital_b_s * (temp**1.5)) / (temp + capital_s)
+        (capital_b_s * (temp**num("1.5"))) / (temp + capital_s)
       end
 
       def dynamic_viscosity_from_geopotential(geopotential_alt)
@@ -364,7 +424,7 @@ module Atmospheric
       # Formula (23)
       # v
       def kinematic_viscosity(temp)
-        dynamic_viscosity(temp) / CONST[:rho_n]
+        dynamic_viscosity(temp) / @constants[:rho_n]
       end
 
       def kinematic_viscosity_from_geopotential(geopotential_alt)
@@ -376,7 +436,8 @@ module Atmospheric
       # Formula (24)
       # lambda
       def thermal_conductivity_from_temp(temp)
-        (2.648151e-3 * (temp**1.5)) / (temp + (245.4 * (10**(-12.0 / temp))))
+        (num("2.648151e-3") * (temp**num("1.5"))) \
+          / (temp + (num("245.4") * (num("10")**(num("-12") / temp))))
       end
 
       def thermal_conductivity_from_geopotential(geopotential_alt)
@@ -385,7 +446,7 @@ module Atmospheric
       end
 
       def kelvin_to_celsius(kelvin)
-        kelvin - 273.15
+        kelvin - num("273.15")
       end
 
       # ADD 1
@@ -395,29 +456,29 @@ module Atmospheric
       # rubocop:disable Metrics/MethodLength
       def geopotential_altitude_from_pressure_mbar(pressure)
         if pressure >= pa_to_mbar(pressure_layers[2]) # H <= 11 000 m
-          (3.731444 - pressure**0.1902631) / 8.41728e-5
+          (num("3.731444") - pressure**num("0.1902631")) / num("8.41728e-5")
         elsif pressure >= pa_to_mbar(pressure_layers[3]) # H <= 20 000 m
-          (3.1080387 - Math.log10(pressure)) / 6.848325e-5
+          (num("3.1080387") - log10(pressure)) / num("6.848325e-5")
         elsif pressure >= pa_to_mbar(pressure_layers[4]) # H <= 32 000 m
-          (1.2386515 - pressure**0.02927125) \
-            / (5.085177e-6 * pressure**0.02927125)
+          (num("1.2386515") - pressure**num("0.02927125")) \
+            / (num("5.085177e-6") * pressure**num("0.02927125"))
         elsif pressure >= pa_to_mbar(pressure_layers[5]) # H <= 47 000 m
-          (1.9630052 - pressure**0.08195949) \
-            / (2.013664e-5 * pressure**0.08195949)
+          (num("1.9630052") - pressure**num("0.08195949")) \
+            / (num("2.013664e-5") * pressure**num("0.08195949"))
         end
       end
 
       def geopotential_altitude_from_pressure_mmhg(pressure)
         if pressure >= pa_to_mmhg(pressure_layers[2]) # H <= 11 000 m
-          (3.532747 - pressure**0.1902631) / 7.96906e-5
+          (num("3.532747") - pressure**num("0.1902631")) / num("7.96906e-5")
         elsif pressure >= pa_to_mmhg(pressure_layers[3]) # H <= 20 000 m
-          (2.9831357 - Math.log10(pressure)) / 6.848325e-5
+          (num("2.9831357") - log10(pressure)) / num("6.848325e-5")
         elsif pressure >= pa_to_mmhg(pressure_layers[4]) # H <= 32 000 m
-          (1.2282678 - pressure**0.02927125) \
-            / (5.085177e-6 * pressure**0.02927125)
+          (num("1.2282678") - pressure**num("0.02927125")) \
+            / (num("5.085177e-6") * pressure**num("0.02927125"))
         elsif pressure >= pa_to_mmhg(pressure_layers[5]) # H <= 47 000 m
-          (1.9172753 - pressure**0.08195949) \
-            / (2.013664e-5 * pressure**0.08195949)
+          (num("1.9172753") - pressure**num("0.08195949")) \
+            / (num("2.013664e-5") * pressure**num("0.08195949"))
         end
       end
       # rubocop:enable Metrics/AbcSize

data/lib/atmospheric/version.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Atmospheric
-  VERSION = "0.4.1"
+  VERSION = "0.4.3"
 end

metadata

@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 --- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
 name: atmospheric
 version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-  version: 0.4.1
+  version: 0.4.3
 platform: ruby
 authors:
 - Ribose Inc.
 autorequire: 
 bindir: exe
 cert_chain: []
-date: 2024-03-30 00:00:00.000000000 Z
+date: 2024-11-03 00:00:00.000000000 Z
 dependencies:
 - !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
-  name: measured
+  name: bigdecimal
   requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     requirements:
     - - ">="
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ required_rubygems_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
       version: '0'
 requirements: []
-rubygems_version: 3.3.26
+rubygems_version: 3.3.27
 signing_key: 
 specification_version: 4
 summary: Implementation of International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) formulas"