async-nats 0.1.0

data/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+# Async::NATS
+
+A high-performance, fiber-based NATS client for Ruby built on top of the [async](https://github.com/socketry/async) framework. This project provides a fully asynchronous NATS client that maintains API compatibility with [nats-pure](https://github.com/nats-io/nats-pure.rb) while delivering superior performance through fiber-based concurrency.
+
+## ⚠️ AI-Generated Code Notice
+
+**This entire project was developed by the Windsurf AI code agent.** While the code has been tested and benchmarked, it should be considered experimental. Use in production at your own risk and conduct thorough testing for your specific use case.
+
+## Features
+
+- ✅ **Fully Async** - All I/O operations use fibers instead of threads
+- ✅ **API Compatible** - Drop-in replacement for nats-pure with async support
+- ✅ **High Performance** - 4-8% faster publish throughput than nats-pure
+- ✅ **Efficient Drain** - 100x faster drain operations using async primitives
+- ✅ **Lower Resource Usage** - Fiber-based concurrency uses less memory than threads
+- ✅ **Custom Async Executor** - Worker pool pattern for subscription handling
+- ✅ **Context Detection** - Works in both async and non-async contexts
+
+## Installation
+
+Add this line to your application's Gemfile:
+
+```ruby
+gem 'async-nats'
+```
+
+And then execute:
+
+```bash
+bundle install
+```
+
+Or install it yourself as:
+
+```bash
+gem install async-nats
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+### Basic Publishing and Subscribing
+
+```ruby
+require 'async'
+require 'async/nats'
+
+Async do
+  # Create and connect to NATS server
+  nats = Async::NATS::Client.new
+  nats.connect(servers: ["nats://localhost:4222"])
+  
+  # Subscribe to a subject
+  nats.subscribe("hello") do |msg|
+    puts "Received: #{msg.data}"
+  end
+  
+  # Publish a message
+  nats.publish("hello", "World!")
+  
+  # Wait a bit for message delivery
+  Async::Task.current.sleep(0.1)
+  
+  # Gracefully drain and close
+  nats.drain.wait
+end
+```
+
+### Request-Reply Pattern
+
+```ruby
+Async do
+  nats = Async::NATS::Client.new
+  nats.connect
+  
+  # Responder
+  nats.subscribe("help") do |msg|
+    nats.publish(msg.reply, "I can help!")
+  end
+  
+  # Requester
+  response = nats.request("help", "please", timeout: 1.0)
+  puts "Response: #{response.data}"
+  
+  nats.close
+end
+```
+
+### Multiple Subscriptions
+
+```ruby
+Async do
+  nats = Async::NATS::Client.new
+  nats.connect
+  
+  # Subscribe to multiple subjects
+  nats.subscribe("events.>") do |msg|
+    puts "Event: #{msg.subject} - #{msg.data}"
+  end
+  
+  nats.subscribe("logs.*") do |msg|
+    puts "Log: #{msg.subject} - #{msg.data}"
+  end
+  
+  # Publish to different subjects
+  nats.publish("events.user.login", "user123")
+  nats.publish("logs.error", "Something went wrong")
+  
+  Async::Task.current.sleep(0.1)
+  nats.close
+end
+```
+
+### Async Drain with Timeout
+
+```ruby
+Async do |task|
+  nats = Async::NATS::Client.new
+  nats.connect
+  
+  # ... use connection ...
+  
+  # Drain with custom timeout
+  begin
+    task.with_timeout(5.0) do
+      nats.drain.wait
+    end
+    puts "Drain completed successfully"
+  rescue Async::TimeoutError
+    puts "Drain timed out, forcing close"
+    nats.close
+  end
+end
+```
+
+### Queue Groups
+
+```ruby
+Async do
+  nats = Async::NATS::Client.new
+  nats.connect
+  
+  # Create queue group subscribers
+  3.times do |i|
+    nats.subscribe("work", queue: "workers") do |msg|
+      puts "Worker #{i} processing: #{msg.data}"
+    end
+  end
+  
+  # Publish work items - distributed across queue group
+  10.times do |i|
+    nats.publish("work", "task-#{i}")
+  end
+  
+  Async::Task.current.sleep(0.5)
+  nats.close
+end
+```
+
+## Performance
+
+async-nats delivers excellent performance compared to nats-pure:
+
+### Publish Performance (100k messages)
+- **nats-pure**: 947,460 msgs/sec
+- **async-nats**: 989,994 msgs/sec
+- **Result**: **+4.5% faster** ✅
+
+### Pub/Sub Performance (10k messages)
+- **nats-pure**: 19,982 msgs/sec
+- **async-nats**: 19,017 msgs/sec
+- **Result**: Essentially identical ✅
+
+### Drain Performance
+- **async-nats**: ~1ms drain latency
+- **Result**: **100x faster** than thread-based polling ✅
+
+See [BENCHMARK_SUMMARY.md](BENCHMARK_SUMMARY.md) and [BENCHMARK_RESULTS.md](BENCHMARK_RESULTS.md) for detailed performance analysis.
+
+## Architecture
+
+async-nats is built on top of nats-pure and overrides key components to use async primitives:
+
+### Key Components
+
+1. **Async::NATS::Socket** - Replaces blocking I/O with async operations using `io-stream`
+2. **Async::NATS::Client** - Overrides connection and threading to use async tasks
+3. **Async::NATS::Executor** - Custom worker pool for subscription callbacks
+4. **Async Drain** - Event-driven drain using `Async::Barrier`
+
+### Concurrency Model
+
+```
+┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│         Async::NATS::Client             │
+│                                         │
+│  ┌─────────────┐  ┌─────────────┐     │
+│  │ Read Loop   │  │ Flusher     │     │
+│  │ (Async Task)│  │ (Async Task)│     │
+│  └─────────────┘  └─────────────┘     │
+│                                         │
+│  ┌─────────────────────────────────┐   │
+│  │   Async::NATS::Executor         │   │
+│  │   (Worker Pool for Callbacks)   │   │
+│  │   ┌────┐ ┌────┐ ┌────┐         │   │
+│  │   │ W1 │ │ W2 │ │... │         │   │
+│  │   └────┘ └────┘ └────┘         │   │
+│  └─────────────────────────────────┘   │
+└─────────────────────────────────────────┘
+```
+
+All concurrency uses fibers (via async tasks) instead of threads, resulting in:
+- Lower memory footprint
+- Better scalability
+- Faster context switching
+- More efficient resource usage
+
+## Relationship with nats-pure
+
+async-nats is built **on top of** [nats-pure](https://github.com/nats-io/nats-pure.rb), not as a fork. It:
+
+1. **Inherits from** `NATS::IO::Client` to maintain API compatibility
+2. **Overrides** I/O and threading methods to use async primitives
+3. **Reuses** protocol handling, message parsing, and business logic
+4. **Extends** with async-specific features like async drain
+
+This approach provides:
+- ✅ Full API compatibility with nats-pure
+- ✅ Automatic updates when nats-pure fixes bugs
+- ✅ Minimal code duplication
+- ✅ Easy migration path
+
+### Migration from nats-pure
+
+Migration is straightforward:
+
+```ruby
+# Before (nats-pure)
+require 'nats/io/client'
+
+nats = NATS::IO::Client.new
+nats.connect
+# ... use nats ...
+nats.close
+
+# After (async-nats)
+require 'async'
+require 'async/nats'
+
+Async do
+  nats = Async::NATS::Client.new
+  nats.connect
+  # ... use nats (same API) ...
+  nats.close
+end
+```
+
+The main difference is wrapping your code in an `Async` block to provide the async context.
+
+## Development
+
+This project was developed entirely by the **Windsurf AI code agent** through an iterative process:
+
+1. **Initial Port** - Created async socket wrapper and client override
+2. **Benchmarking** - Ported benchmarks from nats-pure and compared performance
+3. **Drain Fix** - Implemented context detection for mixed async/thread usage
+4. **Async Executor** - Replaced ThreadPoolExecutor with async worker pool
+5. **Async Drain** - Implemented event-driven drain using Async::Barrier
+6. **Performance Optimization** - Cached task references to eliminate overhead
+
+### Running Tests
+
+```bash
+# Run RSpec tests
+bundle exec rspec
+
+# Run benchmarks
+docker run -d --name nats-bench -p 4222:4222 nats:latest
+bundle exec ruby benchmark/pub_perf.rb -n 100000
+bundle exec ruby benchmark/pub_sub_simple.rb
+docker stop nats-bench && docker rm nats-bench
+```
+
+### Project Structure
+
+```
+lib/async/nats/
+├── client.rb      # Main client with async overrides
+├── socket.rb      # Async I/O wrapper
+├── executor.rb    # Async worker pool for subscriptions
+└── version.rb     # Version information
+
+benchmark/
+├── pub_perf.rb           # Publish performance test
+├── pub_sub_perf.rb       # Pub/Sub with drain test
+└── pub_sub_simple.rb     # Simple pub/sub test
+
+BENCHMARK_SUMMARY.md      # Performance summary
+BENCHMARK_RESULTS.md      # Detailed benchmark results
+```
+
+## Benchmarks
+
+Comprehensive benchmarks are available:
+
+- **[BENCHMARK_SUMMARY.md](BENCHMARK_SUMMARY.md)** - Quick overview of performance results
+- **[BENCHMARK_RESULTS.md](BENCHMARK_RESULTS.md)** - Detailed analysis with tables and comparisons
+
+To run benchmarks yourself:
+
+```bash
+# Start NATS server
+docker run -d --name nats-bench -p 4222:4222 nats:latest
+
+# Run publish benchmark
+bundle exec ruby benchmark/pub_perf.rb -n 100000
+
+# Run pub/sub benchmark
+bundle exec ruby benchmark/pub_sub_simple.rb
+
+# Cleanup
+docker stop nats-bench && docker rm nats-bench
+```
+
+## Limitations
+
+- **Experimental** - This is an AI-generated project and should be thoroughly tested before production use
+- **Requires Async Context** - Must be used within an `Async` block
+- **Ruby 3.0+** - Requires modern Ruby with fiber support
+- **Limited Testing** - While benchmarked, it lacks comprehensive test coverage
+
+## Contributing
+
+Bug reports and pull requests are welcome on GitHub. This project is intended to demonstrate the capabilities of AI-assisted development and the async framework.
+
+## License
+
+The gem is available as open source under the terms of the [Apache License 2.0](https://opensource.org/licenses/Apache-2.0).
+
+## Credits
+
+- **Development**: Entirely created by the Windsurf AI code agent
+- **Based on**: [nats-pure](https://github.com/nats-io/nats-pure.rb) by the NATS.io team
+- **Async Framework**: [async](https://github.com/socketry/async) by Samuel Williams
+- **NATS**: [NATS.io](https://nats.io/) messaging system
+
+## Disclaimer
+
+This project was developed completely autonomously by an AI code agent as an experiment in AI-assisted software development. While functional and benchmarked, it has not undergone the same level of scrutiny as human-developed production software. Use at your own risk and conduct thorough testing for your specific use case.

data/Rakefile

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "bundler/gem_tasks"
+require "rspec/core/rake_task"
+
+RSpec::Core::RakeTask.new(:spec)
+
+task default: :spec

data/benchmark/pub_perf.rb

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+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright 2016-2018 The NATS Authors
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+require "bundler/setup"
+require "optparse"
+require "async"
+
+$:.unshift File.expand_path("../../lib", __FILE__)
+require "async/nats"
+
+$count = 100000
+$batch = 100
+
+$delay = 0.00001
+$dmin = 0.00001
+
+TRIP = (2 * 1024 * 1024)
+TSIZE = 4 * 1024
+
+$sub = "test"
+$data_size = 16
+
+$hash = 2500
+
+$stdout.sync = true
+
+parser = OptionParser.new do |opts|
+  opts.banner = "Usage: pub_perf [options]"
+
+  opts.separator ""
+  opts.separator "options:"
+
+  opts.on("-n COUNT", "Messages to send (default: #{$count}}") { |count| $count = count.to_i }
+  opts.on("-s SIZE", "Message size (default: #{$data_size})") { |size| $data_size = size.to_i }
+  opts.on("-S SUBJECT", "Send subject (default: (#{$sub})") { |sub| $sub = sub }
+  opts.on("-b BATCH", "Batch size (default: (#{$batch})") { |batch| $batch = batch.to_i }
+end
+
+parser.parse(ARGV)
+
+trap("TERM") { exit! }
+trap("INT") { exit! }
+
+$data = Array.new($data_size) { "%01x" % rand(16) }.join("").freeze
+
+Async do
+  nats = Async::NATS::Client.new
+  nats.connect
+
+  $batch = 10 if $data_size >= TSIZE
+  $start = Time.now
+  $to_send = $count
+
+  puts "Sending #{$count} messages of size #{$data.size} bytes on [#{$sub}]"
+
+  loop do
+    (0..$batch).each do
+      $to_send -= 1
+      nats.publish($sub, $data)
+      if $to_send == 0
+        nats.flush
+
+        elapsed = Time.now - $start
+        mbytes = sprintf("%.1f", (($data_size * $count) / elapsed) / (1024 * 1024))
+        puts "\nTest completed : #{($count / elapsed).ceil} sent/received msgs/sec (#{mbytes} MB/sec)\n"
+        exit
+      end
+      Async::Task.current.sleep($delay) if $to_send.modulo(1000) == 0
+      printf("#") if $to_send.modulo($hash) == 0
+    end
+  end
+end

data/benchmark/pub_sub_perf.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright 2016-2018 The NATS Authors
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+require "bundler/setup"
+require "optparse"
+require "async"
+
+$:.unshift File.expand_path("../../lib", __FILE__)
+require "async/nats"
+
+$count = 100000
+$batch = 100
+
+$subscriptions = 1
+$concurrency = 1
+
+$delay = 0.00001
+
+TSIZE = 4 * 1024
+
+$sub = "test"
+$data_size = 16
+
+$stdout.sync = true
+
+parser = OptionParser.new do |opts|
+  opts.banner = "Usage: pub_perf [options]"
+
+  opts.separator ""
+  opts.separator "options:"
+
+  opts.on("-n COUNT", "Messages to send (default: #{$count}}") { |count| $count = count.to_i }
+  opts.on("-s SIZE", "Message size (default: #{$data_size})") { |size| $data_size = size.to_i }
+  opts.on("-S SUBJECT", "Send subject (default: (#{$sub})") { |sub| $sub = sub }
+  opts.on("-b BATCH", "Batch size (default: (#{$batch})") { |batch| $batch = batch.to_i }
+  opts.on("-c SUBSCRIPTIONS", "Subscription number (default: (#{$subscriptions})") { |subscriptions| $subscriptions = subscriptions.to_i }
+  opts.on("-t CONCURRENCY", "Subscription processing concurrency (default: (#{$concurrency})") { |concurrency| $concurrency = concurrency.to_i }
+end
+
+parser.parse(ARGV)
+
+$data = Array.new($data_size) { "%01x" % rand(16) }.join("").freeze
+
+puts "Sending #{$count} messages of size #{$data.size} bytes on [#{$sub}], receiving each in #{$subscriptions} subscriptions"
+
+def results
+  elapsed = Time.now - $start
+  mbytes = sprintf("%.1f", (($data_size * $received) / elapsed) / (1024 * 1024))
+  <<~MSG
+
+    Test completed: #{($received / elapsed).ceil} received msgs/sec (#{mbytes} MB/sec)
+    Received #{$received} messages in #{elapsed} seconds
+  MSG
+end
+
+trap("TERM") {
+  puts results
+  exit!
+}
+trap("INT") {
+  puts results
+  exit!
+}
+
+Async do
+  nats = Async::NATS::Client.new
+  nats.connect
+
+  $batch = 10 if $data_size >= TSIZE
+
+  $received = 0
+
+  $subscriptions.times do
+    subscription = nats.subscribe($sub) {
+      $received += 1
+      printf("#") if $received.modulo(2500) == 0
+    }
+    subscription.processing_concurrency = $concurrency
+  end
+
+  $start = Time.now
+  $to_send = $count
+
+  loop do
+    (0..$batch).each do
+      $to_send -= 1
+      nats.publish($sub, $data)
+
+      break if $to_send.zero?
+
+      Async::Task.current.sleep($delay) if $to_send.modulo(1000) == 0
+    end
+    break if $to_send.zero?
+  end
+
+  # Finish and let client to process everything
+  nats.flush(300)
+  nats.drain
+  
+  # Wait a bit for drain to complete
+  Async::Task.current.sleep(1)
+
+  puts results
+end

data/benchmark/pub_sub_simple.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Simple pub/sub benchmark without drain
+
+require "bundler/setup"
+require "async"
+require "monitor"
+
+$:.unshift File.expand_path("../../lib", __FILE__)
+require "async/nats"
+
+COUNT = 10000
+
+puts "Simple pub/sub benchmark: #{COUNT} messages"
+
+Async do
+  nats = Async::NATS::Client.new
+  nats.connect(servers: ["nats://127.0.0.1:4222"])
+  
+  # Thread-safe counters
+  received = 0
+  start_time = nil
+  lock = Monitor.new
+  
+  # Subscribe
+  nats.subscribe("bench.test") do |msg|
+    lock.synchronize do
+      received += 1
+      start_time ||= Time.now
+      
+      print "#" if received % 2500 == 0
+    end
+  end
+  
+  # Give subscription time to register
+  Async::Task.current.sleep(0.1)
+  
+  # Publish messages
+  puts "Publishing #{COUNT} messages..."
+  COUNT.times do |i|
+    nats.publish("bench.test", "test message #{i}")
+  end
+  
+  nats.flush(5.0)
+  
+  # Wait for messages to be received
+  puts "\nWaiting for messages..."
+  10.times do
+    Async::Task.current.sleep(0.5)
+    count = lock.synchronize { received }
+    if count == COUNT
+      break
+    end
+  end
+  
+  # Calculate results
+  final_count = lock.synchronize { received }
+  final_start = lock.synchronize { start_time }
+  
+  if final_count == COUNT && final_start
+    elapsed = Time.now - final_start
+    msgs_per_sec = (COUNT / elapsed).to_i
+    mb_per_sec = ((16 * COUNT) / elapsed / (1024 * 1024)).round(1)
+    
+    puts "\nTest completed: #{msgs_per_sec} msgs/sec (#{mb_per_sec} MB/sec)"
+    puts "Received #{COUNT} messages in #{elapsed.round(3)} seconds"
+  else
+    puts "\nTimeout or incomplete"
+    puts "Received #{final_count}/#{COUNT} messages"
+  end
+  
+  nats.close
+end

data/benchmark/sub_perf.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright 2016-2018 The NATS Authors
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+require "bundler/setup"
+require "optparse"
+require "async"
+
+$:.unshift File.expand_path("../../lib", __FILE__)
+require "async/nats"
+
+$expected = 100000
+$hash = 2500
+$sub = "test"
+
+$stdout.sync = true
+
+parser = OptionParser.new do |opts|
+  opts.banner = "Usage: sub_perf [options]"
+
+  opts.separator ""
+  opts.separator "options:"
+
+  opts.on("-n COUNT", "Messages to expect (default: #{$expected})") { |count| $expected = count.to_i }
+  opts.on("-s SUBJECT", "Send subject (default: #{$sub})") { |sub| $sub = sub }
+end
+
+parser.parse(ARGV)
+
+trap("TERM") { exit! }
+trap("INT") { exit! }
+
+Async do
+  nats = Async::NATS::Client.new
+
+  nats.connect
+  done = nats.new_cond
+  received = 1
+  nats.subscribe($sub) do
+    ($start = Time.now and puts "Started Receiving!") if received == 1
+    if (received += 1) == $expected
+      puts "\nTest completed : #{($expected / (Time.now - $start)).ceil} msgs/sec.\n"
+      nats.synchronize do
+        done.signal
+      end
+    end
+    printf("+") if received.modulo($hash) == 0
+  end
+
+  puts "Waiting for #{$expected} messages on [#{$sub}]"
+  nats.synchronize do
+    done.wait
+  end
+end