arpaka 0.1.0

checksums.yaml

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data/CHANGELOG.md

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+## [Unreleased]
+
+## [0.1.0] - 2026-09-07
+
+- Initial release

data/LICENSE.txt

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+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2026 MATSUMOTO, Katsuyoshi
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.

data/README.md

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+# Arpaka
+
+<p align="center">
+  <img src="assets/arpaka-logo.svg" alt="Arpaka" width="720">
+</p>
+
+<p align="center">
+  Generate Ruby parsers with Lrama, and use their ASTs from Ruby.
+</p>
+
+Arpaka provides a Ruby output backend for
+[Lrama](https://github.com/ruby/lrama) and a tool for generating a Ruby language
+frontend. Its goal is to make Ruby syntax accessible as an AST from Ruby code.
+
+`Lrama::Ruby` turns Yacc-style grammars with Ruby semantic actions into
+standalone Ruby parsers using Lrama's LALR/IELR tables. Arpaka applies its Ruby
+Action mappings to a Ruby source tree supplied by the user and emits a single
+Ruby file containing the parser, lexer, AST and builder. Users choose the output
+location and regenerate when updating the grammar or Actions.
+
+The Ruby frontend is experimental and partial. The gem contains generation
+support, not a bundled `parse.y` or a pre-generated Ruby frontend.
+
+## Requirements
+
+Ruby 4.0 or later. Start the generator with `RUBY_BOX=1`: Ruby Box isolates the
+Ruby-specific extensions to Lrama. `Lrama::Ruby.compile` also loads each generated
+parser in a separate box, so parsers with the same class name can coexist.
+
+Generated `.rb` files have no gem dependencies and can also be required normally
+without Ruby Box. Support for Ruby 3.4 and earlier remains undecided.
+
+## Installation
+
+For local development:
+
+```sh
+bin/setup
+```
+
+To use this unreleased gem from another application's Gemfile:
+
+```ruby
+gem "arpaka", git: "https://github.com/katsyoshi/arpaka"
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+Write a Yacc-style grammar with Ruby actions, such as
+[examples/calculator.y](examples/calculator.y):
+
+```yacc
+%token NUMBER
+%left '+'
+%left '*'
+%%
+expression: NUMBER
+          | expression '+' expression { $$ = $1 + $3 }
+          | expression '*' expression { $$ = $1 * $3 }
+          ;
+```
+
+Run the following Ruby code with `RUBY_BOX=1 bundle exec ruby your_script.rb`:
+
+```ruby
+require "arpaka"
+
+path = "examples/calculator.y"
+grammar = File.read(path)
+parser_class = Lrama::Ruby.compile(grammar, filename: path, class_name: "Calculator")
+parser = parser_class.new
+p parser.parse([[:NUMBER, 2], ["+", nil], [:NUMBER, 3], ["*", nil], [:NUMBER, 4]])
+# => 14
+
+# Generate source without executing its semantic actions.
+File.write("calculator.rb",
+  Lrama::Ruby.generate(grammar, filename: path, class_name: "Calculator"))
+```
+
+`class_name` defaults to `Parser` and must be a single Ruby constant name.
+The generated class exposes `parse(tokens)`. Supply an enumerable of
+`[token, value]` pairs; tokens may be names (symbols or strings), string aliases,
+character literals such as `"+"`, or numeric token IDs. `TOKENS` maps names to IDs.
+Exhausting the enumerable signals EOF; `[0, nil]` also signals EOF explicitly.
+Provide your own tokenizer to convert source text into these pairs.
+
+`$$` is the result of an action. `$1`, `$2`, etc. refer to values on the rule's
+right-hand side; named references such as `$left` and midrule actions are also
+supported. An omitted action returns the first value, or `nil` for an empty rule.
+Strings, comments, regular expressions and Ruby instance variables are preserved.
+Dollar-prefixed names in executable action code are reserved for grammar
+references, including inside Ruby interpolation. Typed references, bracketed
+references, `$0`, and special Ruby globals are not supported.
+
+Unexpected input raises the generated class's `ParseError`, exposing `token` and
+`state`. Exceptions from token enumeration and semantic actions propagate to the
+caller. There is no error recovery yet.
+
+`allow_error_rules: true` permits grammars containing the reserved `error`
+symbol without enabling error recovery. The default is `false`. With either
+setting the parser stops at the first syntax error; supplying the reserved
+error token from a lexer is rejected. This option is useful when incrementally
+porting a grammar whose recovery rules must remain present.
+
+### Building an AST
+
+[examples/calculator_ast.y](examples/calculator_ast.y) uses Ruby actions to
+build an abstract syntax tree instead of evaluating arithmetic. This example
+represents a number as `[:number, value]` and a binary operation as
+`[:binary, operator, left, right]`. The grammar defines this AST format;
+the backend does not impose a node type.
+
+```ruby
+path = "examples/calculator_ast.y"
+parser = Lrama::Ruby.compile(File.read(path), filename: path,
+  class_name: "CalculatorAst").new
+
+tree = parser.parse([[:NUMBER, 2], ["+", nil], [:NUMBER, 3], ["*", nil], [:NUMBER, 4]])
+p tree
+# => [:binary, :+, [:number, 2], [:binary, :*, [:number, 3], [:number, 4]]]
+```
+
+Run this after requiring `arpaka`, with `RUBY_BOX=1`. Supply tokens from
+your own lexer, or pass a token array as above. The default parser mode runs
+the actions and returns the root node. Precedence and associativity determine
+the tree's shape. Parentheses affect grouping but are omitted from the AST by
+the action `$$ = $2`. Evaluation or compilation of the resulting tree belongs
+to the application; even `1 / 0` produces a tree without performing division.
+
+### Generating a Ruby frontend
+
+Provide a Ruby source tree containing `parse.y`, `tool/id2token.rb`,
+`defs/id.def`, `COPYING` and `BSDL`. Arpaka does not download Ruby sources.
+The first supported source profile is ruby/ruby revision
+`37d60dd3241d5fdb10ca43f36077f5d556ae1b8d`; other revisions are not automatically
+supported. Input checksums and expanded rule mappings are checked before
+applying Actions. Changed input files are reported and generation stops.
+Even comment-only changes currently require updating the source profile.
+
+```sh
+RUBY_BOX=1 bundle exec arpaka generate \
+  --ruby-source /path/to/ruby \
+  --class-name MyRubyParser \
+  --output lib/my_library/ruby_parser.rb
+```
+
+The output directory must already exist. `--class-name` defaults to
+`RubyParser` and must be a single Ruby constant name. Existing output files are
+preserved unless `--force` is supplied. A failed generation leaves the previous
+file intact. The output includes its source profile, generator version and
+copyright/license notices.
+
+The consumer only needs the generated file and Ruby 4.0 or later:
+
+```ruby
+require_relative "lib/my_library/ruby_parser"
+
+tree = MyRubyParser.parse("a = 1\na + 2", filename: "example.rb")
+# MyRubyParser::AST::Program containing the assignment and addition
+```
+
+`parse` takes Ruby source and returns an AST. The parser, lexer and builder are
+internal; callers do not need to supply tokens. Each call has fresh parsing and
+local-variable state. No Arpaka/Lrama gem, Ruby Box, grammar files, network access
+or filesystem writes are needed at runtime.
+
+For generation from Ruby, `Arpaka.generate` returns that same standalone source.
+To try a frontend in memory, use `Arpaka.compile`; both require `RUBY_BOX=1`:
+
+```ruby
+require "arpaka"
+
+frontend = Arpaka.compile(ruby_source: "/path/to/ruby", class_name: "MyRubyParser")
+tree = frontend.parse("a = 1")
+
+code = Arpaka.generate(ruby_source: "/path/to/ruby", class_name: "MyRubyParser")
+File.write("ruby_parser.rb", code)
+```
+
+The former `Arpaka.parse`, `Arpaka.parse_source` and `Lrama::Ruby.parse`
+APIs have been replaced by explicitly generating or compiling a frontend.
+The generic `Lrama::Ruby.generate` and `Lrama::Ruby.compile` APIs are unchanged.
+
+This is not a complete Ruby frontend. Existing support includes literals,
+assignments, calls, collections and portions of control flow and definitions.
+Some constructs parse without preserving all their semantics in the current
+AST, and nodes do not have source locations. Known unported rules raise
+`MyRubyParser::UnsupportedSyntax`, exposing `rule` and upstream `line`.
+Syntax errors raise `MyRubyParser::ParseError`, exposing `token` and `state`.
+Lexer failures raise `MyRubyParser::LexerError` with filename, line and byte
+column. These inherit from the generated `MyRubyParser::Error`.
+
+The generated frontend has also been exercised against real-world source. On
+Ruby 4.0.6, it parsed all 3,436 Ruby files in a local Rails checkout. This is
+the practical compatibility signal for the current frontend. Ruby's Trick
+contest programs are kept as a separate language-compatibility challenge: the
+frontend currently parses 12 of 23 Ruby files in the `trick18` checkout, while
+the remaining files use deliberately adversarial syntax that is not yet
+represented by the current Action mappings. These are smoke-test results, not
+a claim of complete Ruby language coverage.
+
+## Current scope
+
+Supported: precedence and associativity, `%prec`, `%empty`, `%start`, `%expect`,
+LALR/IELR tables, and Lrama's standard parameterized rules. Standard list rules
+retain Lrama's default semantic actions; they do not automatically build arrays.
+Unresolved conflicts fail generation unless the shift/reduce count matches
+`%expect`; reduce/reduce conflicts always fail.
+
+Locations, typed values/`%union`, `%code`, prologues, epilogues, parse/lex parameters,
+initial actions, hooks, printers, destructors and error recovery are not implemented.
+The generator rejects these features rather than dropping their behavior.
+Use plain Ruby values in actions; C actions are not translated into Ruby.
+A Ruby action scanner handles semantic action tokens; Bison is not required.
+
+### Inspecting a C grammar
+
+Use `mode: :recognizer` to generate a standalone recognizer from a grammar with
+C actions. This mode uses Lrama's C action lexer and deliberately omits all
+semantic actions, prologues, epilogues, hooks, printers and destructors. Type and
+location declarations do not produce runtime values. Error recovery is not
+performed: unexpected input still raises `ParseError`. Conflicts are checked
+as in the default `mode: :parser`.
+
+```ruby
+code = Lrama::Ruby.generate(File.read("parse.preprocessed.y"),
+  class_name: "RubyRecognizer", mode: :recognizer)
+File.write("ruby_recognizer.rb", code)
+```
+
+`parse(tokens)` returns `true` when the token stream is accepted. This mode is
+for inspecting grammar tables; it does not build an AST or preserve checks and
+lexer state changes performed by C actions. You must supply the token stream.
+It does not by itself parse Ruby source text.
+
+For Ruby's upstream `parse.y`, first run Ruby's `tool/id2token.rb` with
+`defs/id.def` from the same revision. This is the preprocessing step used by
+Ruby's build to replace `RUBY_TOKEN(...)` with numeric token IDs:
+
+```sh
+ruby /path/to/ruby/tool/id2token.rb /path/to/ruby/parse.y > parse.preprocessed.y
+```
+
+## Development
+
+```sh
+RUBY_BOX=1 bundle exec rake
+RUBY_BOX=1 bundle exec rake test
+RUBY_BOX=1 bundle exec rake ruby:check
+RUBY_BOX=1 OUTPUT=/path/to/frontend.rb bundle exec rake ruby:generate
+RUBY_BOX=1 bundle exec rake benchmark:parse
+```
+
+Development commands default to the pinned Ruby source fixture in `vendor/ruby`.
+In an uninstalled checkout, invoke the CLI with
+`RUBY_BOX=1 bundle exec ruby -Ilib exe/arpaka generate ...`.
+Set `RUBY_SOURCE` to select another source directory. Normal CLI/API usage always
+requires an explicit Ruby source tree. `ruby:check` verifies the source profile,
+Action inventory, grammar transformation and generated frontend without editing
+artifacts. `ruby:generate` writes the standalone frontend to `OUTPUT`.
+
+`lib/arpaka/actions.rb` holds the Ruby Action mappings;
+`lib/arpaka/upstream_rules.json` records the expected expanded upstream rules.
+Update these and the source checksums together when adding support for a changed
+Ruby grammar. Runtime templates live under `lib/arpaka/runtime/`.
+
+Tests exercise the generated frontend and the generic backend. Package checks
+install the gem, generate from external Ruby sources, and execute the resulting
+file with gems and Ruby Box disabled. `Gemfile.lock` stays local and untracked.
+Developer fixtures and tools are excluded from the gem.
+
+### Benchmark
+
+`benchmark:parse` measures frontend generation separately from loading the
+generated file and parsing in a fresh process with Ruby Box disabled.
+Set `ITERATIONS` to change the measured parsing iterations (default: 100).
+Each warm measurement follows ten warmup calls. File reading/class definition
+is measured separately; process startup and `require "prism"` are not timed.
+
+The RubyVM and Prism measurements use the same source but return different AST
+representations. They are reference measurements, not equivalent-work guarantees.
+
+Example results on Ruby 4.0.6, x86_64 Linux, YJIT disabled, Prism 1.9.0
+(10 measured iterations per input, ten warmup calls):
+
+| Input | Arpaka (warm) | RubyVM AST | Prism |
+| ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
+| 10 bytes | 0.054 ms | 0.003 ms | 0.003 ms |
+| 1,697 bytes | 5.901 ms | 0.060 ms | 0.128 ms |
+| 18,800 bytes | 61.475 ms | 0.850 ms | 1.859 ms |
+
+Frontend generation took 2.190s and loading the generated file took 20.571ms
+in the same run. The first Arpaka parse took 0.130ms, 6.707ms and 73.381ms
+for the small, medium and large inputs respectively.
+
+Generation is a one-time build step per regeneration, not a cost of parsing an
+input file. The generated frontend is loaded and measured with Ruby Box disabled.
+Results vary with input and environment.
+
+## License
+
+[MIT](LICENSE.txt).

data/Rakefile

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+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "bundler/gem_tasks"
+require "rake/testtask"
+
+Rake::TestTask.new(:test) do |t|
+  t.libs << "test"
+  t.libs << "lib"
+  t.test_files = FileList["test/**/*_test.rb"]
+end
+
+namespace :ruby do
+  desc "Generate a standalone Ruby frontend (requires OUTPUT; optional RUBY_SOURCE)"
+  task :generate do
+    abort "Set OUTPUT to the destination Ruby file" unless ENV["OUTPUT"]
+    ruby "tool/ruby/grammar.rb", "--output", ENV.fetch("OUTPUT")
+  end
+
+  desc "Verify the Ruby source profile, Action mappings and generated frontend"
+  task :check do
+    ruby "tool/ruby/grammar.rb", "--check"
+  end
+end
+
+namespace :package do
+  desc "Verify installed frontend generation and standalone execution"
+  task :check do
+    ruby "tool/check_package.rb"
+  end
+end
+
+task default: ["ruby:check", :test, "package:check"]
+
+namespace :benchmark do
+  desc "Benchmark Ruby source and token parsing"
+  task :parse do
+    ruby "benchmark/parse.rb"
+  end
+end

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+       fill="none"
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+       id="path7"
+       style="stroke:#20252b;stroke-width:4;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round" />
+  </g>
+  <g
+     id="g8"
+     transform="translate(-6.1555679,17.728036)">
+    <path
+       fill="#c51f35"
+       stroke="#8c1526"
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+       id="path8"
+       style="stroke-width:1.20091" />
+    <circle
+       fill="#ef7180"
+       stroke="none"
+       cx="145.74861"
+       cy="170.67851"
+       r="2.4018137"
+       id="circle8"
+       style="stroke-width:1.20091" />
+  </g>
+  <path
+     d="m 260.67431,135.13716 35,-67.00001 35,67.00001 m -49,-18 h 38"
+     id="path10"
+     style="fill:none;stroke:#20252b;stroke-width:12;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round" />
+  <path
+     d="M 344.07459,135.90398 V 92.903984 m 0,13.999996 c 8,-13.999996 18,-15.999996 28,-9.999996"
+     id="path11"
+     style="fill:none;stroke:#20252b;stroke-width:12;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round" />
+  <path
+     d="m 386.04791,92.39779 -0.57303,61.55623 m 0,-50 c 8,-10.999993 26,-10.999993 32,3 7,17 -2,27 -16,27 -8,0 -13,-5 -16,-12"
+     id="path12"
+     style="fill:none;stroke:#20252b;stroke-width:12;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"
+     sodipodi:nodetypes="ccccsc" />
+  <path
+     transform="translate(0,-5)"
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+     style="fill:none;stroke:#20252b;stroke-width:12;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round" />
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+     style="fill:none;stroke:#20252b;stroke-width:12;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round" />
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+</svg>

data/examples/calculator.y

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+%token NUMBER
+%left '+' '-'
+%left '*' '/'
+
+%%
+
+expression: NUMBER
+          | expression '+' expression { $$ = $1 + $3 }
+          | expression '-' expression { $$ = $1 - $3 }
+          | expression '*' expression { $$ = $1 * $3 }
+          | expression '/' expression { $$ = $1 / $3 }
+          | '(' expression ')' { $$ = $2 }
+          ;

data/examples/calculator_ast.y

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+%token NUMBER
+%left '+' '-'
+%left '*' '/'
+
+%%
+
+expression: NUMBER { $$ = [:number, $1] }
+          | expression '+' expression { $$ = [:binary, :+, $1, $3] }
+          | expression '-' expression { $$ = [:binary, :-, $1, $3] }
+          | expression '*' expression { $$ = [:binary, :*, $1, $3] }
+          | expression '/' expression { $$ = [:binary, :/, $1, $3] }
+          | '(' expression ')' { $$ = $2 }
+          ;

data/exe/arpaka

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "arpaka/cli"
+
+exit Arpaka::CLI.run(ARGV)

data/lib/arpaka/BSDL

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+Copyright (C) 1993-2013 Yukihiro Matsumoto. All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+are met:
+1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+SUCH DAMAGE.