aris 1.4.2 → 1.5.0

data/docs/plugins/ETAG.md

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+# ETag / Conditional Requests Plugin
+
+Implements HTTP ETags for efficient caching with 304 Not Modified responses. Reduces bandwidth and improves performance for unchanged resources.
+
+## Installation
+
+```ruby
+require 'aris/plugins/etag'
+```
+
+## Basic Usage
+
+```ruby
+etag = Aris::Plugins::ETag.build
+
+Aris.routes({
+  "api.example.com": {
+    use: [etag],  # Apply to all routes
+    "/users": { get: { to: UsersHandler } }
+  }
+})
+```
+
+## Configuration
+
+| Option | Type | Default | Description |
+|--------|------|---------|-------------|
+| `cache_control` | String | `'max-age=0, private, must-revalidate'` | Cache-Control header value |
+| `strong` | Boolean | `true` | Use strong ETags (`"abc123"`) vs weak (`W/"abc123"`) |
+
+## How It Works
+
+1. **First request**: Generate MD5 hash of response body, return as ETag header
+2. **Subsequent requests**: Client sends `If-None-Match: "hash"`
+3. **If match**: Return `304 Not Modified` with empty body (saves bandwidth)
+4. **If no match**: Return `200 OK` with full body and new ETag
+
+## Examples
+
+### Default Configuration
+
+```ruby
+etag = Aris::Plugins::ETag.build
+
+# First request:
+# Response: 200 OK
+# ETag: "5d41402abc4b2a76b9719d911017c592"
+# Body: "Hello World"
+
+# Second request with If-None-Match: "5d41402abc4b2a76b9719d911017c592"
+# Response: 304 Not Modified
+# ETag: "5d41402abc4b2a76b9719d911017c592"
+# Body: (empty)
+```
+
+### Public Caching
+
+```ruby
+etag = Aris::Plugins::ETag.build(
+  cache_control: 'public, max-age=3600'  # 1 hour cache
+)
+
+# CDNs and browsers can cache for 1 hour
+```
+
+### Private Caching
+
+```ruby
+etag = Aris::Plugins::ETag.build(
+  cache_control: 'private, max-age=300'  # 5 minute private cache
+)
+
+# Only browser caches, not CDNs
+```
+
+### Weak ETags
+
+```ruby
+etag = Aris::Plugins::ETag.build(
+  strong: false  # Use weak ETags
+)
+
+# Response: ETag: W/"5d41402abc4b2a76b9719d911017c592"
+# Weak ETags allow byte-for-byte differences (compression, whitespace)
+```
+
+### No Caching
+
+```ruby
+etag = Aris::Plugins::ETag.build(
+  cache_control: 'no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate'
+)
+
+# ETags still generated but cache discouraged
+```
+
+### Per-Route Configuration
+
+```ruby
+public_etag = Aris::Plugins::ETag.build(
+  cache_control: 'public, max-age=86400'  # 24 hours
+)
+
+private_etag = Aris::Plugins::ETag.build(
+  cache_control: 'private, max-age=300'   # 5 minutes
+)
+
+Aris.routes({
+  "api.example.com": {
+    "/public/data": {
+      use: [public_etag],
+      get: { to: PublicDataHandler }
+    },
+    "/user/profile": {
+      use: [private_etag],
+      get: { to: ProfileHandler }
+    }
+  }
+})
+```
+
+## Strong vs Weak ETags
+
+**Strong ETags** (`"abc123"`):
+- Byte-for-byte identical content
+- Use for: APIs, exact data matching
+- Default behavior
+
+**Weak ETags** (`W/"abc123"`):
+- Semantically equivalent content
+- Allows minor differences (compression, formatting)
+- Use for: HTML pages, compressed responses
+
+```ruby
+# Strong (default)
+etag = Aris::Plugins::ETag.build(strong: true)
+
+# Weak
+etag = Aris::Plugins::ETag.build(strong: false)
+```
+
+## Production Tips
+
+### 1. Cache-Control Strategy
+
+**Static assets (images, JS, CSS):**
+```ruby
+etag = Aris::Plugins::ETag.build(
+  cache_control: 'public, max-age=31536000, immutable'  # 1 year
+)
+```
+
+**API responses (frequently changing):**
+```ruby
+etag = Aris::Plugins::ETag.build(
+  cache_control: 'private, max-age=60'  # 1 minute
+)
+```
+
+**User-specific data:**
+```ruby
+etag = Aris::Plugins::ETag.build(
+  cache_control: 'private, max-age=300'  # 5 minutes
+)
+```
+
+**Real-time data:**
+```ruby
+etag = Aris::Plugins::ETag.build(
+  cache_control: 'no-cache, must-revalidate'  # Validate every time
+)
+```
+
+### 2. Plugin Ordering
+
+Place **after** compression, **before** logging:
+
+```ruby
+Aris.routes({
+  "api.example.com": {
+    use: [
+      bearer_auth,      # Authenticate
+      compression,      # Compress response
+      etag,            # ← Generate ETag (from compressed body)
+      request_logger    # Log (sees 304s)
+    ]
+  }
+})
+```
+
+### 3. CDN Compatibility
+
+Most CDNs respect ETags:
+```ruby
+# Origin generates ETags
+etag = Aris::Plugins::ETag.build(
+  cache_control: 'public, max-age=3600'
+)
+
+# CDN will:
+# 1. Cache response with ETag
+# 2. Validate with origin using If-None-Match
+# 3. Serve from cache on 304
+```
+
+### 4. Database-Backed ETags
+
+For better cache invalidation, use timestamps:
+
+```ruby
+class UserHandler
+  def self.call(request, params)
+    user = User.find(params[:id])
+    
+    # Set custom ETag from updated_at timestamp
+    response = Aris::Adapters::Rack::Response.new
+    response.headers['ETag'] = %("#{user.updated_at.to_i}")
+    response.body = [user.to_json]
+    response
+  end
+end
+```
+
+Plugin will respect existing ETags and skip generation.
+
+### 5. Monitoring 304 Responses
+
+Track cache hit rate:
+```ruby
+# In logs, count 304 vs 200 responses
+# High 304 rate = effective caching
+# Target: 60-80% 304 rate for cacheable endpoints
+```
+
+## Benchmarks
+
+**304 Response Savings:**
+- Bandwidth: 95-99% reduction (only headers sent)
+- Server CPU: 0% (handler not executed)
+- Response time: 10-50ms vs 100-500ms for full response
+
+**Example:**
+- Full response: 50KB, 100ms
+- 304 response: 500 bytes, 10ms
+- 100 requests: 5MB → 50KB saved (99% reduction)
+
+## Notes
+
+- ETags generated using MD5 hash of response body
+- Only applies to successful GET/HEAD requests (200 status)
+- Does not override existing ETag headers
+- Does not override existing Cache-Control headers
+- Thread-safe (no shared state)
+- Works with compressed responses (generates ETag from compressed body)
+
+## Common Patterns
+
+### Combining with CORS
+
+```ruby
+cors = Aris::Plugins::Cors.build(origins: '*')
+etag = Aris::Plugins::ETag.build(cache_control: 'public, max-age=600')
+
+Aris.routes({
+  "api.example.com": {
+    use: [cors, etag],  # CORS first, then ETag
+    "/data": { get: { to: DataHandler } }
+  }
+})
+```
+
+### API Versioning
+
+```ruby
+v1_etag = Aris::Plugins::ETag.build(cache_control: 'private, max-age=300')
+v2_etag = Aris::Plugins::ETag.build(cache_control: 'private, max-age=600')
+
+Aris.routes({
+  "api.example.com": {
+    "/v1": {
+      use: [v1_etag],
+      "/users": { get: { to: V1::UsersHandler } }
+    },
+    "/v2": {
+      use: [v2_etag],
+      "/users": { get: { to: V2::UsersHandler } }
+    }
+  }
+})
+```
+
+## Troubleshooting
+
+**ETags not working?**
+- Verify GET request (ETags only for GET/HEAD)
+- Check response status is 200
+- Confirm client sends `If-None-Match` header
+
+**Always getting 200, never 304?**
+- Response body is changing (dynamic content)
+- Check for timestamps or random data in response
+- Use database-backed ETags for dynamic content
+
+**CDN not caching?**
+- Check `Cache-Control` includes `public`
+- Verify `max-age` is set
+- Add `Vary: Accept-Encoding` if using compression
+```

data/docs/plugins/FORM_PARSER.md

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+# Form Parser Plugin
+
+Parse URL-encoded form data from HTML forms.
+
+## Installation
+
+```ruby
+require_relative 'aris/plugins/form_parser'
+```
+
+## Basic Usage
+
+```ruby
+form = Aris::Plugins::FormParser.build
+
+Aris.routes({
+  "example.com": {
+    use: [form],
+    "/submit": { post: { to: FormHandler } }
+  }
+})
+```
+
+**HTML Form:**
+```html
+<form action="/submit" method="POST">
+  <input name="username" value="alice">
+  <input name="email" value="alice@example.com">
+  <button type="submit">Submit</button>
+</form>
+```
+
+**Handler:**
+```ruby
+class FormHandler
+  def self.call(request, params)
+    data = request.form_params
+    
+    username = data['username']  #=> "alice"
+    email = data['email']        #=> "alice@example.com"
+    
+    "Welcome, #{username}!"
+  end
+end
+```
+
+---
+
+## How It Works
+
+Parses `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` bodies on POST/PUT/PATCH requests and exposes the fields as `request.form_params`, and merges them into `request.params` (query string + form fields).
+
+**Parsed formats:**
+- Simple: `name=value&email=test@example.com`
+- Nested: `user[name]=alice&user[email]=alice@example.com`
+- Arrays: `tags[]=ruby&tags[]=rails`
+
+---
+
+## Common Patterns
+
+### Nested Parameters
+
+```html
+<form action="/users" method="POST">
+  <input name="user[name]" value="Alice">
+  <input name="user[email]" value="alice@example.com">
+  <input name="user[age]" value="30">
+</form>
+```
+
+```ruby
+data = request.form_params
+# {"user" => {"name" => "Alice", "email" => "alice@example.com", "age" => "30"}}
+
+user_data = data['user']
+name = user_data['name']  #=> "Alice"
+```
+
+### Arrays
+
+```html
+<form action="/posts" method="POST">
+  <input name="tags[]" value="ruby">
+  <input name="tags[]" value="rails">
+  <input name="tags[]" value="web">
+</form>
+```
+
+```ruby
+data = request.form_params
+# {"tags" => ["ruby", "rails", "web"]}
+
+tags = data['tags']  #=> ["ruby", "rails", "web"]
+```
+
+### Checkboxes
+
+```html
+<form action="/settings" method="POST">
+  <input type="checkbox" name="features[]" value="dark_mode" checked>
+  <input type="checkbox" name="features[]" value="notifications" checked>
+</form>
+```
+
+```ruby
+features = data['features']  #=> ["dark_mode", "notifications"]
+```
+
+### Validation
+
+```ruby
+class FormHandler
+  def self.call(request, params)
+    data = request.form_params
+    
+    unless data && data['email']
+      return [400, {}, ['Email required']]
+    end
+    
+    # Process form...
+  end
+end
+```
+
+---
+
+## Behavior
+
+| Request Method | Action |
+|:---|:---|
+| POST, PUT, PATCH | Parse if content-type matches |
+| GET, DELETE | Skip |
+| Wrong content-type | Skip |
+| Empty body | Skip |
+
+**content-type must be:** `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`
+
+---
+
+## Production Tips
+
+**1. Combine with CSRF Protection**
+
+```ruby
+Aris.routes({
+  "example.com": {
+    use: [:csrf, form_parser],  # CSRF validates, then parse form
+    "/submit": { post: { to: FormHandler } }
+  }
+})
+```
+
+**2. Validation**
+
+```ruby
+class FormHandler
+  REQUIRED = ['name', 'email']
+  
+  def self.call(request, params)
+    data = request.form_params
+    
+    missing = REQUIRED - data.keys
+    return [400, {}, ["Missing: #{missing.join(', ')}"]] if missing.any?
+    
+    # Process...
+  end
+end
+```
+
+**3. Sanitization**
+
+```ruby
+def sanitize(data)
+  data.transform_values { |v| v.is_a?(String) ? v.strip : v }
+end
+
+data = request.form_params
+clean_data = sanitize(data)
+```
+
+---
+
+## Notes
+
+- All values are strings (use `.to_i`, `.to_f` for conversion)
+- Uses Rack's built-in parser (battle-tested)
+- Nested arrays handled automatically
+- No file upload support (use multipart parser for that)
+
+---
+
+Need help? Check out the [full plugin development guide](../docs/plugin-development.md).