ardm 0.0.1

data/lib/ardm/property.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,891 @@
+require 'bigdecimal'
+require 'time'
+require 'coercible'
+
+
+module Ardm
+  class Property
+    autoload :CommaSeparatedList, 'ardm/property/comma_separated_list'
+    autoload :Csv,                'ardm/property/csv'
+    autoload :BCryptHash,         'ardm/property/bcrypt_hash'
+    autoload :Enum,               'ardm/property/enum'
+    autoload :EpochTime,          'ardm/property/epoch_time'
+    autoload :FilePath,           'ardm/property/file_path'
+    autoload :Flag,               'ardm/property/flag'
+    autoload :IPAddress,          'ardm/property/ip_address'
+    autoload :Json,               'ardm/property/json'
+    autoload :Regexp,             'ardm/property/regexp'
+    autoload :ParanoidBoolean,    'ardm/property/paranoid_boolean'
+    autoload :ParanoidDateTime,   'ardm/property/paranoid_datetime'
+    autoload :Slug,               'ardm/property/slug'
+    autoload :UUID,               'ardm/property/uuid'
+    autoload :URI,                'ardm/property/uri'
+    autoload :Yaml,               'ardm/property/yaml'
+    autoload :APIKey,             'ardm/property/api_key'
+  end
+end
+
+module Ardm
+  # = Properties
+  # Properties for a model are not derived from a database structure, but
+  # instead explicitly declared inside your model class definitions. These
+  # properties then map (or, if using automigrate, generate) fields in your
+  # database.
+  #
+  # If you are coming to Ardm from another ORM framework, such as
+  # ActiveRecord, this may be a fundamental difference in thinking to you.
+  # However, there are several advantages to defining your properties in your
+  # models:
+  #
+  # * information about your model is centralized in one place: rather than
+  #   having to dig out migrations, xml or other configuration files.
+  # * use of mixins can be applied to model properties: better code reuse
+  # * having information centralized in your models, encourages you and the
+  #   developers on your team to take a model-centric view of development.
+  # * it provides the ability to use Ruby's access control functions.
+  # * and, because Ardm only cares about properties explicitly defined
+  #   in your models, Ardm plays well with legacy databases, and shares
+  #   databases easily with other applications.
+  #
+  # == Declaring Properties
+  # Inside your class, you call the property method for each property you want
+  # to add. The only two required arguments are the name and type, everything
+  # else is optional.
+  #
+  #   class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
+  #     property :title,   String,  :required => true  # Cannot be null
+  #     property :publish, Boolean, :default => false  # Default value for new records is false
+  #   end
+  #
+  # By default, Ardm supports the following primitive (Ruby) types
+  # also called core properties:
+  #
+  # * Boolean
+  # * Class (datastore primitive is the same as String. Used for Inheritance)
+  # * Date
+  # * DateTime
+  # * Decimal
+  # * Float
+  # * Integer
+  # * Object (marshalled out during serialization)
+  # * String (default length is 50)
+  # * Text (limit of 65k characters by default)
+  # * Time
+  #
+  # == Limiting Access
+  # Property access control is uses the same terminology Ruby does. Properties
+  # are public by default, but can also be declared private or protected as
+  # needed (via the :accessor option).
+  #
+  #  class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
+  #    property :title, String, :accessor => :private    # Both reader and writer are private
+  #    property :body,  Text,   :accessor => :protected  # Both reader and writer are protected
+  #  end
+  #
+  # Access control is also analogous to Ruby attribute readers and writers, and can
+  # be declared using :reader and :writer, in addition to :accessor.
+  #
+  #  class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
+  #    property :title, String, :writer => :private    # Only writer is private
+  #    property :tags,  String, :reader => :protected  # Only reader is protected
+  #  end
+  #
+  # == Overriding Accessors
+  # The reader/writer for any property can be overridden in the same manner that Ruby
+  # attr readers/writers can be.  After the property is defined, just add your custom
+  # reader or writer:
+  #
+  #  class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
+  #    property :title, String
+  #
+  #    def title=(new_title)
+  #      raise ArgumentError if new_title != 'Lee is l337'
+  #      super(new_title)
+  #    end
+  #  end
+  #
+  # Calling super ensures that any validators defined for the property are kept active.
+  #
+  # == Lazy Loading
+  # By default, some properties are not loaded when an object is fetched in
+  # Ardm. These lazily loaded properties are fetched on demand when their
+  # accessor is called for the first time (as it is often unnecessary to
+  # instantiate -every- property -every- time an object is loaded).  For
+  # instance, Ardm::Property::Text fields are lazy loading by default,
+  # although you can over-ride this behavior if you wish:
+  #
+  # Example:
+  #
+  #  class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
+  #    property :title, String  # Loads normally
+  #    property :body,  Text    # Is lazily loaded by default
+  #  end
+  #
+  # If you want to over-ride the lazy loading on any field you can set it to a
+  # context or false to disable it with the :lazy option. Contexts allow
+  # multiple lazy properties to be loaded at one time. If you set :lazy to
+  # true, it is placed in the :default context
+  #
+  #  class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
+  #    property :title,   String                                    # Loads normally
+  #    property :body,    Text,   :lazy => false                    # The default is now over-ridden
+  #    property :comment, String, :lazy => [ :detailed ]            # Loads in the :detailed context
+  #    property :author,  String, :lazy => [ :summary, :detailed ]  # Loads in :summary & :detailed context
+  #  end
+  #
+  # Delaying the request for lazy-loaded attributes even applies to objects
+  # accessed through associations. In a sense, Ardm anticipates that
+  # you will likely be iterating over objects in associations and rolls all
+  # of the load commands for lazy-loaded properties into one request from
+  # the database.
+  #
+  # Example:
+  #
+  #   Widget.get(1).components
+  #     # loads when the post object is pulled from database, by default
+  #
+  #   Widget.get(1).components.first.body
+  #     # loads the values for the body property on all objects in the
+  #     # association, rather than just this one.
+  #
+  #   Widget.get(1).components.first.comment
+  #     # loads both comment and author for all objects in the association
+  #     # since they are both in the :detailed context
+  #
+  # == Keys
+  # Properties can be declared as primary or natural keys on a table.
+  # You should a property as the primary key of the table:
+  #
+  # Examples:
+  #
+  #  property :id,        Serial                # auto-incrementing key
+  #  property :legacy_pk, String, :key => true  # 'natural' key
+  #
+  # This is roughly equivalent to ActiveRecord's <tt>set_primary_key</tt>,
+  # though non-integer data types may be used, thus Ardm supports natural
+  # keys. When a property is declared as a natural key, accessing the object
+  # using the indexer syntax <tt>Class[key]</tt> remains valid.
+  #
+  #   User.get(1)
+  #      # when :id is the primary key on the users table
+  #   User.get('bill')
+  #      # when :name is the primary (natural) key on the users table
+  #
+  # == Indices
+  # You can add indices for your properties by using the <tt>:index</tt>
+  # option. If you use <tt>true</tt> as the option value, the index will be
+  # automatically named. If you want to name the index yourself, use a symbol
+  # as the value.
+  #
+  #   property :last_name,  String, :index => true
+  #   property :first_name, String, :index => :name
+  #
+  # You can create multi-column composite indices by using the same symbol in
+  # all the columns belonging to the index. The columns will appear in the
+  # index in the order they are declared.
+  #
+  #   property :last_name,  String, :index => :name
+  #   property :first_name, String, :index => :name
+  #      # => index on (last_name, first_name)
+  #
+  # If you want to make the indices unique, use <tt>:unique_index</tt> instead
+  # of <tt>:index</tt>
+  #
+  # == Inferred Validations
+  # If you require the dm-validations plugin, auto-validations will
+  # automatically be mixed-in in to your model classes: validation rules that
+  # are inferred when properties are declared with specific column restrictions.
+  #
+  #   class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
+  #     property :title, String, :length => 250, :min => 0, :max => 250
+  #     # => infers 'validates_length :title'
+  #
+  #     property :title, String, :required => true
+  #     # => infers 'validates_present :title'
+  #
+  #     property :email, String, :format => :email_address
+  #     # => infers 'validates_format :email, :with => :email_address'
+  #
+  #     property :title, String, :length => 255, :required => true
+  #     # => infers both 'validates_length' as well as 'validates_present'
+  #     #    better: property :title, String, :length => 1..255
+  #   end
+  #
+  # This functionality is available with the dm-validations gem. For more information
+  # about validations, check the documentation for dm-validations.
+  #
+  # == Default Values
+  # To set a default for a property, use the <tt>:default</tt> key. The
+  # property will be set to the value associated with that key the first time
+  # it is accessed, or when the resource is saved if it hasn't been set with
+  # another value already. This value can be a static value, such as 'hello'
+  # but it can also be a proc that will be evaluated when the property is read
+  # before its value has been set. The property is set to the return of the
+  # proc. The proc is passed two values, the resource the property is being set
+  # for and the property itself.
+  #
+  #   property :display_name, String, :default => lambda { |resource, property| resource.login }
+  #
+  # Word of warning.  Don't try to read the value of the property you're setting
+  # the default for in the proc.  An infinite loop will ensue.
+  #
+  # == Embedded Values (not implemented yet)
+  # As an alternative to extraneous has_one relationships, consider using an
+  # EmbeddedValue.
+  #
+  # == Property options reference
+  #
+  #  :accessor            if false, neither reader nor writer methods are
+  #                       created for this property
+  #
+  #  :reader              if false, reader method is not created for this property
+  #
+  #  :writer              if false, writer method is not created for this property
+  #
+  #  :lazy                if true, property value is only loaded when on first read
+  #                       if false, property value is always loaded
+  #                       if a symbol, property value is loaded with other properties
+  #                       in the same group
+  #
+  #  :default             default value of this property
+  #
+  #  :allow_nil           if true, property may have a nil value on save
+  #
+  #  :key                 name of the key associated with this property.
+  #
+  #  :field               field in the data-store which the property corresponds to
+  #
+  #  :length              string field length
+  #
+  #  :format              format for autovalidation. Use with dm-validations plugin.
+  #
+  #  :index               if true, index is created for the property. If a Symbol, index
+  #                       is named after Symbol value instead of being based on property name.
+  #
+  #  :unique_index        true specifies that index on this property should be unique
+  #
+  #  :auto_validation     if true, automatic validation is performed on the property
+  #
+  #  :validates           validation context. Use together with dm-validations.
+  #
+  #  :unique              if true, property column is unique. Properties of type Serial
+  #                       are unique by default.
+  #
+  #  :precision           Indicates the number of significant digits. Usually only makes sense
+  #                       for float type properties. Must be >= scale option value. Default is 10.
+  #
+  #  :scale               The number of significant digits to the right of the decimal point.
+  #                       Only makes sense for float type properties. Must be > 0.
+  #                       Default is nil for Float type and 10 for BigDecimal
+  #
+  # == Overriding default Property options
+  #
+  # There is the ability to reconfigure a Property and it's subclasses by explicitly
+  # setting a value in the Property, eg:
+  #
+  #   # set all String properties to have a default length of 255
+  #   Ardm::Property::String.length(255)
+  #
+  #   # set all Boolean properties to not allow nil (force true or false)
+  #   Ardm::Property::Boolean.allow_nil(false)
+  #
+  #   # set all properties to be required by default
+  #   Ardm::Property.required(true)
+  #
+  #   # turn off auto-validation for all properties by default
+  #   Ardm::Property.auto_validation(false)
+  #
+  #   # set all mutator methods to be private by default
+  #   Ardm::Property.writer(:private)
+  #
+  # Please note that this has no effect when a subclass has explicitly
+  # defined it's own option. For example, setting the String length to
+  # 255 will not affect the Text property even though it inherits from
+  # String, because it sets it's own default length to 65535.
+  #
+  # == Misc. Notes
+  # * Properties declared as strings will default to a length of 50, rather than
+  #   255 (typical max varchar column size).  To overload the default, pass
+  #   <tt>:length => 255</tt> or <tt>:length => 0..255</tt>.  Since Ardm
+  #   does not introspect for properties, this means that legacy database tables
+  #   may need their <tt>String</tt> columns defined with a <tt>:length</tt> so
+  #   that DM does not apply an un-needed length validation, or allow overflow.
+  # * You may declare a Property with the data-type of <tt>Class</tt>.
+  #   see SingleTableInheritance for more on how to use <tt>Class</tt> columns.
+  class Property
+    include Ardm::Assertions
+    include Subject
+    extend Equalizer
+
+    equalize :model, :name, :options
+
+    module Undefined; end
+
+    PRIMITIVES = [
+      TrueClass,
+      ::String,
+      ::Float,
+      ::Integer,
+      ::BigDecimal,
+      ::DateTime,
+      ::Date,
+      ::Time,
+      ::Class
+    ].to_set.freeze
+
+    OPTIONS = [
+      :load_as, :dump_as, :coercion_method,
+      :accessor, :reader, :writer,
+      :lazy, :default, :key, :field,
+      :index, :unique_index,
+      :unique, :allow_nil, :allow_blank, :required
+    ]
+
+    # Possible :visibility option values
+    VISIBILITY_OPTIONS = [ :public, :protected, :private ].to_set.freeze
+
+    # Invalid property names
+    INVALID_NAMES = %w[]#(::ActiveRecord::Base.instance_methods +
+                    #::ActiveRecord::Base.private_instance_methods
+                    #).map { |name| name.to_s }
+
+    attr_reader :load_as, :dump_as, :coercion_method,
+      :model, :name, :instance_variable_name,
+      :reader_visibility, :writer_visibility, :options,
+      :default, :allow_nil, :allow_blank, :required
+
+    alias_method :load_class, :load_as
+    alias_method :dump_class, :dump_as
+
+    class << self
+      # @api semipublic
+      def determine_class(type)
+        return type if type < Ardm::Property::Object
+        find_class(demodulize(type.name))
+      end
+
+      def demodulize(name)
+        name.to_s.gsub(/^.*::/,'')
+      end
+
+      # @api private
+      def demodulized_names
+        @demodulized_names ||= {}
+      end
+
+      # @api semipublic
+      def find_class(name)
+        klass   = demodulized_names[name]
+        klass ||= const_get(name) if const_defined?(name)
+        klass
+      end
+
+      # @api public
+      def descendants
+        @descendants ||= DescendantSet.new
+      end
+
+      # @api private
+      def inherited(descendant)
+        # Descendants is a tree rooted in Ardm::Property that tracks
+        # inheritance.  We pre-calculate each comparison value (demodulized
+        # class name) to achieve a Hash[]-time lookup, rather than walk the
+        # entire descendant tree and calculate names on-demand (expensive,
+        # redundant).
+        #
+        # Since the algorithm relegates property class name lookups to a flat
+        # namespace, we need to ensure properties defined outside of DM don't
+        # override built-ins (Serial, String, etc) by merely defining a property
+        # of a same name.  We avoid this by only ever adding to the lookup
+        # table.  Given that DM loads its own property classes first, we can
+        # assume that their names are "reserved" when added to the table.
+        #
+        # External property authors who want to provide "replacements" for
+        # builtins (e.g. in a non-DM-supported adapter) should follow the
+        # convention of wrapping those properties in a module, and include'ing
+        # the module on the model class directly.  This bypasses the DM-hooked
+        # const_missing lookup that would normally check this table.
+        descendants << descendant
+
+        Property.demodulized_names[demodulize(descendant.name)] ||= descendant
+
+        # inherit accepted options
+        descendant.accepted_options.concat(accepted_options)
+
+        # inherit the option values
+        options.each { |key, value| descendant.send(key, value) }
+
+        super
+      end
+
+      # @api public
+      def accepted_options
+        @accepted_options ||= []
+      end
+
+      # @api public
+      def accept_options(*args)
+        accepted_options.concat(args)
+
+        # create methods for each new option
+        args.each do |property_option|
+          class_eval <<-RUBY, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
+            def self.#{property_option}(value = Undefined)                         # def self.unique(value = Undefined)
+              return @#{property_option} if value.equal?(Undefined)                #   return @unique if value.equal?(Undefined)
+              descendants.each do |descendant|                                     #   descendants.each do |descendant|
+                unless descendant.instance_variable_defined?(:@#{property_option}) #     unless descendant.instance_variable_defined?(:@unique)
+                  descendant.#{property_option}(value)                             #       descendant.unique(value)
+                end                                                                #     end
+              end                                                                  #   end
+              @#{property_option} = value                                          #   @unique = value
+            end                                                                    # end
+          RUBY
+        end
+
+        descendants.each { |descendant| descendant.accepted_options.concat(args) }
+      end
+
+      # Gives all the options set on this property
+      #
+      # @return [Hash] with all options and their values set on this property
+      #
+      # @api public
+      def options
+        options = {}
+        accepted_options.each do |name|
+          options[name] = send(name) if instance_variable_defined?("@#{name}")
+        end
+        options
+      end
+
+      # @api deprecated
+      def primitive(*args)
+        warn "Ardm::Property.primitive is deprecated, use .load_as instead (#{caller.first})"
+        load_as(*args)
+      end
+    end
+
+    accept_options *Property::OPTIONS
+
+    # A hook to allow properties to extend or modify the model it's bound to.
+    # Implementations are not supposed to modify the state of the property
+    # class, and should produce no side-effects on the property instance.
+    def bind
+      # no op
+    end
+
+    # Supplies the field in the data-store which the property corresponds to
+    #
+    # @return [String] name of field in data-store
+    #
+    # @api semipublic
+    def field
+      # defer setting the field with the adapter specific naming
+      # conventions until after the adapter has been setup
+      @field ||= model.field_naming_convention.call(self).freeze
+    end
+
+    # Returns true if property is unique. Serial properties and keys
+    # are unique by default.
+    #
+    # @return [Boolean]
+    #   true if property has uniq index defined, false otherwise
+    #
+    # @api public
+    def unique?
+      !!@unique
+    end
+
+    # Returns index name if property has index.
+    #
+    # @return [Boolean, Symbol, Array]
+    #   returns true if property is indexed by itself
+    #   returns a Symbol if the property is indexed with other properties
+    #   returns an Array if the property belongs to multiple indexes
+    #   returns false if the property does not belong to any indexes
+    #
+    # @api public
+    attr_reader :index
+
+    # Returns true if property has unique index. Serial properties and
+    # keys are unique by default.
+    #
+    # @return [Boolean, Symbol, Array]
+    #   returns true if property is indexed by itself
+    #   returns a Symbol if the property is indexed with other properties
+    #   returns an Array if the property belongs to multiple indexes
+    #   returns false if the property does not belong to any indexes
+    #
+    # @api public
+    attr_reader :unique_index
+
+    # Returns whether or not the property is to be lazy-loaded
+    #
+    # @return [Boolean]
+    #   true if the property is to be lazy-loaded
+    #
+    # @api public
+    def lazy?
+      @lazy
+    end
+
+    # Returns whether or not the property is a key or a part of a key
+    #
+    # @return [Boolean]
+    #   true if the property is a key or a part of a key
+    #
+    # @api public
+    def key?
+      @key
+    end
+
+    # Returns whether or not the property is "serial" (auto-incrementing)
+    #
+    # @return [Boolean]
+    #   whether or not the property is "serial"
+    #
+    # @api public
+    def serial?
+      @serial
+    end
+
+    # Returns whether or not the property must be non-nil and non-blank
+    #
+    # @return [Boolean]
+    #   whether or not the property is required
+    #
+    # @api public
+    def required?
+      @required
+    end
+
+    # Returns whether or not the property can accept 'nil' as it's value
+    #
+    # @return [Boolean]
+    #   whether or not the property can accept 'nil'
+    #
+    # @api public
+    def allow_nil?
+      @allow_nil
+    end
+
+    # Returns whether or not the property can be a blank value
+    #
+    # @return [Boolean]
+    #   whether or not the property can be blank
+    #
+    # @api public
+    def allow_blank?
+      @allow_blank
+    end
+
+    # Standardized reader method for the property
+    #
+    # @param [Resource] resource
+    #   model instance for which this property is to be loaded
+    #
+    # @return [Object]
+    #   the value of this property for the provided instance
+    #
+    # @raise [ArgumentError] "+resource+ should be a Resource, but was ...."
+    #
+    # @api private
+    def get(resource)
+      get!(resource)
+    end
+
+    # Fetch the ivar value in the resource
+    #
+    # @param [Resource] resource
+    #   model instance for which this property is to be unsafely loaded
+    #
+    # @return [Object]
+    #   current @ivar value of this property in +resource+
+    #
+    # @api private
+    def get!(resource)
+      #resource.instance_variable_get(instance_variable_name)
+      val = resource.send :read_attribute, field
+      if val.nil?
+        set_default_value(resource)
+      else
+        val
+      end
+    end
+
+    def set_default_value(resource)
+      return if loaded?(resource) || !default?
+      set(resource, default_for(resource))
+    end
+
+    # Provides a standardized setter method for the property
+    #
+    # @param [Resource] resource
+    #   the resource to get the value from
+    # @param [Object] value
+    #   the value to set in the resource
+    #
+    # @return [Object]
+    #   +value+ after being typecasted according to this property's primitive
+    #
+    # @raise [ArgumentError] "+resource+ should be a Resource, but was ...."
+    #
+    # @api private
+    def set(resource, value)
+      set!(resource, typecast(value))
+    end
+
+    # Set the ivar value in the resource
+    #
+    # @param [Resource] resource
+    #   the resource to set
+    # @param [Object] value
+    #   the value to set in the resource
+    #
+    # @return [Object]
+    #   the value set in the resource
+    #
+    # @api private
+    def set!(resource, value)
+      #resource.instance_variable_set(instance_variable_name, value)
+      resource.send :write_attribute, field, value
+      resource.send :read_attribute, field
+    end
+
+    # Check if the attribute corresponding to the property is loaded
+    #
+    # @param [Resource] resource
+    #   model instance for which the attribute is to be tested
+    #
+    # @return [Boolean]
+    #   true if the attribute is loaded in the resource
+    #
+    # @api private
+    def loaded?(resource)
+      resource.send(:read_attribute, field) != nil
+      #resource.instance_variable_defined?(instance_variable_name)
+      #true
+    end
+
+    # @api private
+    def properties
+      @properties ||= model.properties
+    end
+
+    # @api semipublic
+    def typecast(value)
+      @coercer ||= Coercible::Coercer.new
+      if Array === value
+        value.map { |v| typecast(v) }
+      else
+        @coercer[value.class].send(coercion_method, value)
+      end
+    rescue Coercible::UnsupportedCoercion
+      value
+    end
+
+    # Test the value to see if it is a valid value for this Property
+    #
+    # @param [Object] loaded_value
+    #   the value to be tested
+    #
+    # @return [Boolean]
+    #   true if the value is valid
+    #
+    # @api semipulic
+    def valid?(value, negated = false)
+      dumped_value = dump(value)
+
+      if required? && dumped_value.nil?
+        negated || false
+      else
+        value_dumped?(dumped_value) || (dumped_value.nil? && (allow_nil? || negated))
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Asserts value is valid
+    #
+    # @param [Object] loaded_value
+    #   the value to be tested
+    #
+    # @return [Boolean]
+    #   true if the value is valid
+    #
+    # @raise [Property::InvalidValueError]
+    #   if value is not valid
+    def assert_valid_value(value)
+      unless valid?(value)
+        raise Property::InvalidValueError.new(self,value)
+      end
+      true
+    end
+
+    # Returns a concise string representation of the property instance.
+    #
+    # @return [String]
+    #   Concise string representation of the property instance.
+    #
+    # @api public
+    def inspect
+      "#<#{self.class.name} @model=#{model.inspect} @name=#{name.inspect}>"
+    end
+
+    # Test a value to see if it matches the primitive type
+    #
+    # @param [Object] value
+    #   value to test
+    #
+    # @return [Boolean]
+    #   true if the value is the correct type
+    #
+    # @api semipublic
+    def primitive?(value)
+      warn "#primitive? is deprecated, use #value_dumped? instead (#{caller.first})"
+      value_dumped?(value)
+    end
+
+    def primitive
+      warn "#primitive is deprecated, use #dump_as instead (#{caller.first})"
+      dump_as
+    end
+
+    # @api semipublic
+    def value_dumped?(value)
+      value.kind_of?(dump_as)
+    end
+
+    # @api semipublic
+    def value_loaded?(value)
+      value.kind_of?(load_as)
+    end
+
+  protected
+
+    # @api semipublic
+    def initialize(model, name, options = {})
+      options = options.to_hash.dup
+
+      if INVALID_NAMES.include?(name.to_s) || (kind_of?(Boolean) && INVALID_NAMES.include?("#{name}?"))
+        raise ArgumentError,
+          "+name+ was #{name.inspect}, which cannot be used as a property name since it collides with an existing method or a query option"
+      end
+
+      assert_valid_options(options)
+
+      predefined_options = self.class.options
+
+      @model                  = model
+      @name                   = name.to_s.chomp('?').to_sym
+      @options                = predefined_options.merge(options).freeze
+      @instance_variable_name = "@#{@name}".freeze
+      @coercion_method        = @options.fetch(:coercion_method)
+
+      @load_as = self.class.load_as
+      @dump_as = self.class.dump_as
+
+      @field   = @options[:field].freeze unless @options[:field].nil?
+      @default = @options[:default]
+
+      @serial       = @options.fetch(:serial,       false)
+      @key          = @options.fetch(:key,          @serial)
+      @unique       = @options.fetch(:unique,       @key ? :key : false)
+      @required     = @options.fetch(:required,     @key)
+      @allow_nil    = @options.fetch(:allow_nil,    !@required)
+      @allow_blank  = @options.fetch(:allow_blank,  !@required)
+      @index        = @options.fetch(:index,        false)
+      @unique_index = @options.fetch(:unique_index, @unique)
+      @lazy         = @options.fetch(:lazy,         false) && !@key
+
+      determine_visibility
+
+      bind
+    end
+
+    # @api private
+    def assert_valid_options(options)
+      keys = options.keys
+
+      if (unknown_keys = keys - self.class.accepted_options).any?
+        raise ArgumentError, "options #{unknown_keys.map { |key| key.inspect }.join(' and ')} are unknown"
+      end
+
+      options.each do |key, value|
+        boolean_value = value == true || value == false
+
+        case key
+          when :field
+            assert_kind_of "options[:#{key}]", value, ::String
+
+          when :default
+            if value.nil?
+              raise ArgumentError, "options[:#{key}] must not be nil"
+            end
+
+          when :serial, :key, :allow_nil, :allow_blank, :required, :auto_validation
+            unless boolean_value
+              raise ArgumentError, "options[:#{key}] must be either true or false"
+            end
+
+            if key == :required && (keys.include?(:allow_nil) || keys.include?(:allow_blank))
+              raise ArgumentError, 'options[:required] cannot be mixed with :allow_nil or :allow_blank'
+            end
+
+          when :index, :unique_index, :unique, :lazy
+            unless boolean_value || value.kind_of?(Symbol) || (value.kind_of?(Array) && value.any? && value.all? { |val| val.kind_of?(Symbol) })
+              raise ArgumentError, "options[:#{key}] must be either true, false, a Symbol or an Array of Symbols"
+            end
+
+          when :length
+            assert_kind_of "options[:#{key}]", value, Range, ::Integer
+
+          when :size, :precision, :scale
+            assert_kind_of "options[:#{key}]", value, ::Integer
+
+          when :reader, :writer, :accessor
+            assert_kind_of "options[:#{key}]", value, Symbol
+
+            unless VISIBILITY_OPTIONS.include?(value)
+              raise ArgumentError, "options[:#{key}] must be #{VISIBILITY_OPTIONS.join(' or ')}"
+            end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Assert given visibility value is supported.
+    #
+    # Will raise ArgumentError if this Property's reader and writer
+    # visibilities are not included in VISIBILITY_OPTIONS.
+    #
+    # @return [undefined]
+    #
+    # @raise [ArgumentError] "property visibility must be :public, :protected, or :private"
+    #
+    # @api private
+    def determine_visibility
+      default_accessor = @options.fetch(:accessor, :public)
+
+      @reader_visibility = @options.fetch(:reader, default_accessor)
+      @writer_visibility = @options.fetch(:writer, default_accessor)
+    end
+  end # class Property
+end
+
+require 'ardm/property/invalid_value_error'
+require 'ardm/property/object'
+require 'ardm/property/string'
+require 'ardm/property/binary'
+require 'ardm/property/text'
+require 'ardm/property/numeric'
+require 'ardm/property/float'
+require 'ardm/property/decimal'
+require 'ardm/property/boolean'
+require 'ardm/property/integer'
+require 'ardm/property/serial'
+require 'ardm/property/date'
+require 'ardm/property/datetime'
+require 'ardm/property/time'
+require 'ardm/property/class'
+require 'ardm/property/discriminator'
+require 'ardm/property/lookup'
+require 'ardm/property_set'
+require 'ardm/property/validation'