appium_lib_core 4.1.0 → 5.3.0

data/README.md

@@ -10,7 +10,12 @@ This library wraps [selenium-webdriver](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/w
 
 # Documentation
 
-- http://www.rubydoc.info/github/appium/ruby_lib_core
+- https://www.rubydoc.info/gems/appium_lib_core
+    - You can find working API examples in test code, [test/functional](test/functional)
+
+# Migration from v4 to v5
+
+Please read [`[5.0.0]`](CHANGELOG.md#500---2021-11-05) section in [CHANGELOG](CHANGELOG.md)
 
 # Related library
 - https://github.com/appium/ruby_lib
@@ -38,7 +43,7 @@ $ appium --relaxed-security # To run all tests in local
 ```bash
 $ bundle install
 $ rake test:func:android # Andorid, uiautomator2
-$ AUTOMATION_NAME_DROID=espresso rake test:func:android # Andorid, uiautomator2
+$ APPIUM_DRIVER=espresso rake test:func:android # Andorid, uiautomator2
 $ rake test:func:ios     # iOS
 ```
 
@@ -78,7 +83,7 @@ $ PARALLEL=1 bundle exec parallel_test test/functional/ios -n 2
 
 - Runs on CI environment (on Azure)
     - Non `IGNORE_VERSION_SKIP` or `IGNORE_VERSION_SKIP=true` runs all tests ignoring `skip` them by Appium versions
-    - `IGNORE_VERSION_SKIP=false` skips the following tests if the Appium version is lower than the requirement  
+    - `IGNORE_VERSION_SKIP=false` skips the following tests if the Appium version is lower than the requirement
 
 ```
 $ IGNORE_VERSION_SKIP=true CI=true bundle exec rake test:func:android
@@ -92,9 +97,9 @@ $ IGNORE_VERSION_SKIP=true CI=true bundle exec rake test:func:android
     ```ruby
     require 'rubygems'
     require 'appium_lib_core'
-    
+
     opts = {
-      desired_capabilities: { # or { caps: {....} }
+      capabilities: { # or { caps: {....} }
         platformName: :ios,
         platformVersion: '11.0',
         deviceName: 'iPhone Simulator',
@@ -107,7 +112,7 @@ $ IGNORE_VERSION_SKIP=true CI=true bundle exec rake test:func:android
     }
     @core = Appium::Core.for(opts) # create a core driver with `opts`
     @driver = @core.start_driver
-    
+
     # Launch iPhone Simulator and `MyiOS.app`
     @driver.find_element(:accessibility_id, 'some accessibility') # find an element
     ```
@@ -115,12 +120,12 @@ $ IGNORE_VERSION_SKIP=true CI=true bundle exec rake test:func:android
     ```bash
     # shell 1
     $ appium --log-level warn:error # show only warning and error logs
-    
+
     # shell 2
     $ ruby test.rb
     ```
 
-More examples are in [test/functional](test/functional)    
+More examples are in [test/functional](test/functional)
 
 ### Capabilities
 

data/Rakefile

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ namespace :test do
   namespace :unit do
     desc('Run all iOS related unit tests in test directory')
     Rake::TestTask.new(:ios) do |t|
+      ENV['UNIT_TEST'] = '1'
       t.libs << 'test'
       t.libs << 'lib'
       t.test_files = FileList['test/unit/ios/**/*_test.rb']
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ namespace :test do
 
     desc('Run all Android related unit tests in test directory')
     Rake::TestTask.new(:android) do |t|
+      ENV['UNIT_TEST'] = '1'
       t.libs << 'test'
       t.libs << 'lib'
       t.test_files = FileList['test/unit/android/**/*_test.rb']
@@ -52,6 +54,7 @@ namespace :test do
 
     desc('Run all common related unit tests in test directory')
     Rake::TestTask.new(:common) do |t|
+      ENV['UNIT_TEST'] = '1'
       t.libs << 'test'
       t.libs << 'lib'
       t.test_files = FileList['test/unit/common/**/*_test.rb']
@@ -59,6 +62,7 @@ namespace :test do
 
     desc('Run all Windows related unit tests in test directory')
     Rake::TestTask.new(:windows) do |t|
+      ENV['UNIT_TEST'] = '1'
       t.libs << 'test'
       t.libs << 'lib'
       t.test_files = FileList['test/unit/windows/**/*_test.rb']

data/appium_lib_core.gemspec

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ $LOAD_PATH.unshift(lib) unless $LOAD_PATH.include?(lib)
 require 'appium_lib_core/version'
 
 Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
-  spec.required_ruby_version = '>= 2.4'
+  spec.required_ruby_version = '>= 2.7'
 
   spec.name          = 'appium_lib_core'
   spec.version       = Appium::Core::VERSION
@@ -16,25 +16,22 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
   spec.homepage      = 'https://github.com/appium/ruby_lib_core/'
   spec.license       = 'Apache-2.0'
   spec.files         = `git ls-files -z`.split("\x0").reject do |f|
-    f.match(%r{^(doc|test|spec|features)/})
+    f.match(%r{(^(doc|docs|test|spec|features|ci-jobs|.github|script)/|release_notes.md|.gitignore|azure-pipelines.yml|.rubocop.yml)})
   end
   spec.bindir        = 'exe'
   spec.executables   = spec.files.grep(%r{^exe/}) { |f| File.basename(f) }
   spec.require_paths = ['lib']
 
-  spec.add_runtime_dependency 'selenium-webdriver', '~> 3.14', '>= 3.14.1'
+  spec.add_runtime_dependency 'selenium-webdriver', '~> 4.2', '< 4.5'
   spec.add_runtime_dependency 'faye-websocket', '~> 0.11.0'
 
-  spec.add_development_dependency 'bundler', '>= 1.14'
   spec.add_development_dependency 'rake', '~> 13.0'
   spec.add_development_dependency 'yard', '~> 0.9.11'
   spec.add_development_dependency 'minitest', '~> 5.0'
   spec.add_development_dependency 'minitest-reporters', '~> 1.1'
-  spec.add_development_dependency 'webmock', '~> 3.11.0'
-  spec.add_development_dependency 'rubocop', '1.7.0'
+  spec.add_development_dependency 'webmock', '~> 3.17.0'
+  spec.add_development_dependency 'rubocop', '1.34.1'
   spec.add_development_dependency 'appium_thor', '~> 1.0'
-  spec.add_development_dependency 'pry'
-  spec.add_development_dependency 'pry-byebug'
   spec.add_development_dependency 'parallel_tests'
   spec.add_development_dependency 'simplecov'
 end

data/bin/console

@@ -6,9 +6,5 @@ require "appium_lib_core"
 # You can add fixtures and/or initialization code here to make experimenting
 # with your gem easier. You can also use a different console, if you like.
 
-# (If you use this, don't forget to add pry to your Gemfile!)
-# require "pry"
-# Pry.start
-
 require "irb"
 IRB.start(__FILE__)

data/lib/appium_lib_core/android/device/auth_finger_print.rb

@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ module Appium
             ::Appium::Core::Device.add_endpoint_method(:finger_print) do
               def finger_print(finger_id)
                 unless (1..10).cover? finger_id.to_i
-                  raise ArgumentError, "finger_id should be integer between 1 to 10. Not #{finger_id}"
+                  raise ::Appium::Core::Error::ArgumentError,
+                        "finger_id should be integer between 1 to 10. Not #{finger_id}"
                 end
 
                 execute(:finger_print, {}, { fingerprintId: finger_id.to_i })

data/lib/appium_lib_core/android/device.rb

@@ -290,16 +290,16 @@ module Appium
         #   @driver.finger_print 1
         #
 
-        # @!method execute_cdp(cmd, params)
+        # @!method execute_cdp(cmd, **params)
         #     Execute Chrome Devtools protocol commands
         #     https://chromedevtools.github.io/devtools-protocol
         #
         # @param [String] cmd The name of command
-        # @param [Hash] params The parameter for the command as hash.
+        # @option params The parameter for the command as keyword options.
         #
         # @example
         #
-        #   @driver.execute_cdp 'Page.captureScreenshot', { quality: 50, format: 'jpeg' }
+        #   @driver.execute_cdp 'Page.captureScreenshot', quality: 50, format: 'jpeg'
         #   @driver.execute_cdp 'Page.getResourceTree'
         #
 
@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ module Appium
               # SeleniumWebdriver could already define this method
               return if method_defined? :execute_cdp
 
-              def execute_cdp(cmd, params = {})
+              def execute_cdp(cmd, **params)
                 execute :chrome_send_command, {}, { cmd: cmd, params: params }
               end
             end

data/lib/appium_lib_core/common/base/bridge.rb

@@ -16,52 +16,45 @@ module Appium
   module Core
     class Base
       class Bridge < ::Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Bridge
+        include Device::DeviceLock
+        include Device::Keyboard
+        include Device::ImeActions
+        include Device::Setting
+        include Device::Context
+        include Device::Value
+        include Device::FileManagement
+        include Device::KeyEvent
+        include Device::ImageComparison
+        include Device::AppManagement
+        include Device::AppState
+        include Device::ScreenRecord::Command
+        include Device::Device
+        include Device::TouchActions
+        include Device::ExecuteDriver
+        include Device::Orientation
+
         # Prefix for extra capability defined by W3C
         APPIUM_PREFIX = 'appium:'
 
-        # TODO: Remove the forceMjsonwp after Appium server won't need it
-        FORCE_MJSONWP = :forceMjsonwp
-
-        # Almost same as self.handshake in ::Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Bridge
-        #
-        # Implements protocol handshake which:
-        #
-        #   1. Creates session with driver.
-        #   2. Sniffs response.
-        #   3. Based on the response, understands which dialect we should use.
-        #
-        # @return [Bridge::MJSONWP, Bridge::W3C]
-        #
-        def self.handshake(**opts)
-          desired_capabilities = opts.delete(:desired_capabilities) { ::Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.new }
+        # No 'browserName' means the session is native appium connection
+        APPIUM_NATIVE_BROWSER_NAME = 'appium'
 
-          if desired_capabilities.is_a?(Symbol)
-            unless ::Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.respond_to?(desired_capabilities)
-              raise ::Selenium::WebDriver::Error::WebDriverError, "invalid desired capability: #{desired_capabilities.inspect}"
-            end
+        attr_reader :available_commands
 
-            desired_capabilities = ::Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.__send__(desired_capabilities)
-          end
-
-          bridge = new(opts)
-          capabilities = bridge.create_session(desired_capabilities)
-
-          case bridge.dialect
-          when :oss # for MJSONWP
-            Bridge::MJSONWP.new(capabilities, bridge.session_id, **opts)
-          when :w3c
-            Bridge::W3C.new(capabilities, bridge.session_id, **opts)
-          else
-            raise CoreError, 'cannot understand dialect'
+        def browser
+          @browser ||= begin
+            name = @capabilities.browser_name
+            name ? name.tr(' ', '_').downcase.to_sym : 'unknown'
+          rescue KeyError
+            APPIUM_NATIVE_BROWSER_NAME
           end
         end
 
         # Override
-        # Creates session handling both OSS and W3C dialects.
-        # Copy from Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Bridge to keep using +merged_capabilities+ for Appium
+        # Creates session handling.
         #
-        # @param [::Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::W3C::Capabilities, Hash] desired_capabilities A capability
-        # @return [::Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities, ::Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::W3C::Capabilities]
+        # @param [::Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities, Hash] capabilities A capability
+        # @return [::Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities]
         #
         # @example
         #
@@ -79,39 +72,29 @@ module Appium
         #     }
         #   }
         #   core = ::Appium::Core.for(caps)
-        #   driver = core.start_driver #=> driver.dialect == :w3c if the Appium server support W3C.
+        #   driver = core.start_driver
         #
-        def create_session(desired_capabilities)
-          response = execute(:new_session, {}, merged_capabilities(desired_capabilities))
+        def create_session(capabilities)
+          @available_commands = ::Appium::Core::Commands::COMMANDS.dup
 
-          @session_id = response['sessionId']
-          oss_status = response['status'] # for compatibility with Appium 1.7.1-
-          value = response['value']
-
-          if value.is_a?(Hash) # include for W3C format
-            @session_id = value['sessionId'] if value.key?('sessionId')
-
-            if value.key?('capabilities')
-              value = value['capabilities']
-            elsif value.key?('value')
-              value = value['value']
-            end
-          end
+          always_match = add_appium_prefix(capabilities)
+          response = execute(:new_session, {}, { capabilities: { alwaysMatch: always_match, firstMatch: [{}] } })
 
+          @session_id = response['sessionId']
           raise ::Selenium::WebDriver::Error::WebDriverError, 'no sessionId in returned payload' unless @session_id
 
-          json_create(oss_status, value)
+          @capabilities = json_create(response['capabilities'])
         end
 
         # Append +appium:+ prefix for Appium following W3C spec
         # https://www.w3.org/TR/webdriver/#dfn-validate-capabilities
         #
-        # @param [::Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::W3C::Capabilities, Hash] capabilities A capability
-        # @return [::Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::W3C::Capabilities]
+        # @param [::Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities, Hash] capabilities A capability
+        # @return [::Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities]
         def add_appium_prefix(capabilities)
-          w3c_capabilities = ::Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::W3C::Capabilities.new
+          w3c_capabilities = ::Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.new
 
-          capabilities = capabilities.__send__(:capabilities) unless capabilities.is_a?(Hash)
+          capabilities = capabilities.send(:capabilities) unless capabilities.is_a?(Hash)
 
           capabilities.each do |name, value|
             next if value.nil?
@@ -133,56 +116,274 @@ module Appium
         end
 
         def extension_prefix?(capability_name)
-          snake_cased_capability_names = ::Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::W3C::Capabilities::KNOWN.map(&:to_s)
+          snake_cased_capability_names = ::Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities::KNOWN.map(&:to_s)
           camel_cased_capability_names = snake_cased_capability_names.map { |v| camel_case(v) }
 
+          # Check 'EXTENSION_CAPABILITY_PATTERN'
           snake_cased_capability_names.include?(capability_name) ||
             camel_cased_capability_names.include?(capability_name) ||
-            capability_name.match(::Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::W3C::Capabilities::EXTENSION_CAPABILITY_PATTERN)
+            capability_name.match(':')
         end
 
-        def json_create(oss_status, value)
-          if oss_status
-            ::Selenium::WebDriver.logger.info 'Detected OSS dialect.'
-            @dialect = :oss
-            ::Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.json_create(value)
-          else
-            ::Selenium::WebDriver.logger.info 'Detected W3C dialect.'
-            @dialect = :w3c
-            ::Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::W3C::Capabilities.json_create(value)
-          end
+        def json_create(value)
+          ::Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.json_create(value)
         end
 
-        def delete_force_mjsonwp(capabilities)
-          w3c_capabilities = ::Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::W3C::Capabilities.new
+        public
 
-          capabilities = capabilities.__send__(:capabilities) unless capabilities.is_a?(Hash)
-          capabilities.each do |name, value|
-            next if value.nil?
-            next if value.is_a?(String) && value.empty?
-            next if name == FORCE_MJSONWP
+        # command for Appium 2.0.
+        def add_command(method:, url:, name:, &block)
+          ::Appium::Logger.info "Overriding the method '#{name}' for '#{url}'" if @available_commands.key? name
+
+          @available_commands[name] = [method, url]
+
+          ::Appium::Core::Device.add_endpoint_method name, &block
+        end
+
+        def commands(command)
+          @available_commands[command]
+        end
+
+        # Returns all available sessions on the Appium server instance
+        def sessions
+          execute :get_all_sessions
+        end
+
+        def status
+          execute :status
+        end
+
+        # Perform 'touch' actions for W3C module.
+        # Generate +touch+ pointer action here and users can use this via +driver.action+
+        # - https://seleniumhq.github.io/selenium/docs/api/rb/Selenium/WebDriver/W3CActionBuilder.html
+        # - https://seleniumhq.github.io/selenium/docs/api/rb/Selenium/WebDriver/PointerActions.html
+        # - https://seleniumhq.github.io/selenium/docs/api/rb/Selenium/WebDriver/KeyActions.html
+        #
+        # The pointer type is 'touch' by default in the Appium Ruby client.
+        #
+        # @example
+        #
+        #     element = @driver.find_element(:id, "some id")
+        #     @driver.action.click(element).perform # The 'click' is a part of 'PointerActions'
+        #
+        def action(_deprecated_async = nil, async: false, devices: nil)
+          ::Selenium::WebDriver::ActionBuilder.new(
+            self,
+            devices: devices || [::Selenium::WebDriver::Interactions.pointer(:touch, name: 'touch')],
+            async: async,
+            duration: 50 # milliseconds
+          )
+        end
+
+        # Port from MJSONWP
+        def get_timeouts
+          execute :get_timeouts
+        end
+
+        # Port from MJSONWP
+        def session_capabilities
+          ::Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.json_create execute(:get_capabilities)
+        end
+
+        # For Appium
+        # override
+        def page_source
+          # For W3C
+          # execute_script('var source = document.documentElement.outerHTML;' \
+          # 'if (!source) { source = new XMLSerializer().serializeToString(document); }' \
+          # 'return source;')
+          execute :get_page_source
+        end
 
-            w3c_capabilities[name] = value
+        # For Appium
+        # override
+        def element_displayed?(element)
+          # For W3C
+          # https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/commit/b618499adcc3a9f667590652c5757c0caa703289
+          # execute_atom :isDisplayed, element
+          execute :is_element_displayed, id: element.id
+        end
+
+        # For Appium
+        # override
+        def element_attribute(element, name)
+          # For W3C in Selenium Client
+          # execute_atom :getAttribute, element, name
+          execute :get_element_attribute, id: element.id, name: name
+        end
+
+        # For Appium
+        # override
+        def active_element
+          ::Appium::Core::Element.new self, element_id_from(execute(:get_active_element))
+        end
+        alias switch_to_active_element active_element
+
+        # For Appium
+        # override
+        def find_element_by(how, what, parent_ref = [])
+          how, what = convert_locator(how, what)
+
+          return execute_atom(:findElements, Support::RelativeLocator.new(what).as_json).first if how == 'relative'
+
+          parent_type, parent_id = parent_ref
+          id = case parent_type
+               when :element
+                 execute :find_child_element, { id: parent_id }, { using: how, value: what.to_s }
+               when :shadow_root
+                 execute :find_shadow_child_element, { id: parent_id }, { using: how, value: what.to_s }
+               else
+                 execute :find_element, {}, { using: how, value: what.to_s }
+               end
+
+          ::Appium::Core::Element.new self, element_id_from(id)
+        end
+
+        # For Appium
+        # override
+        def find_elements_by(how, what, parent_ref = [])
+          how, what = convert_locator(how, what)
+
+          return execute_atom :findElements, Support::RelativeLocator.new(what).as_json if how == 'relative'
+
+          parent_type, parent_id = parent_ref
+          ids = case parent_type
+                when :element
+                  execute :find_child_elements, { id: parent_id }, { using: how, value: what.to_s }
+                when :shadow_root
+                  execute :find_shadow_child_elements, { id: parent_id }, { using: how, value: what.to_s }
+                else
+                  execute :find_elements, {}, { using: how, value: what.to_s }
+                end
+
+          ids.map { |id| ::Appium::Core::Element.new self, element_id_from(id) }
+        end
+
+        # For Appium
+        # @param [Hash] id The id which can get as a response from server
+        # @return [::Appium::Core::Element]
+        def convert_to_element(id)
+          ::Appium::Core::Element.new self, element_id_from(id)
+        end
+
+        # For Appium
+        # override
+        # called in 'extend DriverExtensions::HasNetworkConnection'
+        def network_connection
+          execute :get_network_connection
+        end
+
+        # For Appium
+        # override
+        # called in 'extend DriverExtensions::HasNetworkConnection'
+        def network_connection=(type)
+          execute :set_network_connection, {}, { parameters: { type: type } }
+        end
+
+        # For Appium
+        # No implementation for W3C webdriver module
+        # called in 'extend DriverExtensions::HasLocation'
+        def location
+          obj = execute(:get_location) || {}
+          ::Selenium::WebDriver::Location.new obj['latitude'], obj['longitude'], obj['altitude']
+        end
+
+        # For Appium
+        # No implementation for W3C webdriver module
+        def set_location(lat, lon, alt = 0.0, speed: nil, satellites: nil)
+          loc = { latitude: lat, longitude: lon, altitude: alt }
+          loc[:speed] = speed unless speed.nil?
+          loc[:satellites] = satellites unless satellites.nil?
+          execute :set_location, {}, { location: loc }
+        end
+
+        #
+        # logs
+        #
+        # For Appium
+        # No implementation for W3C webdriver module
+        def available_log_types
+          types = execute :get_available_log_types
+          Array(types).map(&:to_sym)
+        end
+
+        # For Appium
+        # No implementation for W3C webdriver module
+        def log(type)
+          data = execute :get_log, {}, { type: type.to_s }
+
+          Array(data).map do |l|
+            ::Selenium::WebDriver::LogEntry.new l.fetch('level', 'UNKNOWN'), l.fetch('timestamp'), l.fetch('message')
+          rescue KeyError
+            next
           end
+        end
 
-          w3c_capabilities
+        # For Appium
+        def log_event(vendor, event)
+          execute :post_log_event, {}, { vendor: vendor, event: event }
         end
 
-        def merged_capabilities(desired_capabilities)
-          force_mjsonwp = desired_capabilities[FORCE_MJSONWP]
-          desired_capabilities = delete_force_mjsonwp(desired_capabilities) unless force_mjsonwp.nil?
+        # For Appium
+        def log_events(type = nil)
+          args = {}
+          args['type'] = type unless type.nil?
 
-          ::Appium::Logger.warn "'forceMjsonwp' no longer works. Sending both W3C and MJSONWP capabilities" if force_mjsonwp
+          execute :get_log_events, {}, args
+        end
+
+        def viewport_screenshot
+          execute_script('mobile: viewportScreenshot')
+        end
 
-          new_caps = add_appium_prefix(desired_capabilities)
-          w3c_capabilities = ::Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::W3C::Capabilities.from_oss(new_caps)
+        def element_screenshot(element_id)
+          execute :take_element_screenshot, id: element_id
+        end
+
+        private
+
+        def unwrap_script_result(arg)
+          case arg
+          when Array
+            arg.map { |e| unwrap_script_result(e) }
+          when Hash
+            element_id = element_id_from(arg)
+            return ::Appium::Core::Element.new(self, element_id) if element_id
+
+            arg.each { |k, v| arg[k] = unwrap_script_result(v) }
+          else
+            arg
+          end
+        end
+
+        def element_id_from(id)
+          id['ELEMENT'] || id['element-6066-11e4-a52e-4f735466cecf']
+        end
 
-          {
-            desiredCapabilities: desired_capabilities,
-            capabilities: {
-              firstMatch: [w3c_capabilities]
-            }
-          }
+        # Don't convert locators for Appium in native context
+        def convert_locator(how, what)
+          # case how
+          # when 'class name'
+          #   how = 'css selector'
+          #   what = ".#{escape_css(what)}"
+          # when 'id'
+          #   how = 'css selector'
+          #   what = "##{escape_css(what)}"
+          # when 'name'
+          #   how = 'css selector'
+          #   what = "*[name='#{escape_css(what)}']"
+          # when 'tag name'
+          #   how = 'css selector'
+          # end
+          #
+          # if what.is_a?(Hash)
+          #   what = what.each_with_object({}) do |(h, w), hash|
+          #     h, w = convert_locator(h.to_s, w)
+          #     hash[h] = w
+          #   end
+          # end
+
+          [how, what]
         end
       end # class Bridge
     end # class Base

data/lib/appium_lib_core/common/base/capabilities.rb

@@ -19,10 +19,17 @@ module Appium
         # @private
         # @param [Hash] opts_caps Capabilities for Appium server. All capability keys are converted to lowerCamelCase when
         #                         this client sends capabilities to Appium server as JSON format.
-        # @return [::Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::W3C::Capabilities] Return instance of Appium::Core::Base::Capabilities
-        #                         inherited ::Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::W3C::Capabilities
+        # @return [::Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities] Return instance of Appium::Core::Base::Capabilities
+        #                         inherited ::Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities
         def self.create_capabilities(opts_caps = {})
-          ::Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::W3C::Capabilities.new(opts_caps)
+          # TODO: Move to 'Options' way instead of 'Capabilities'.
+          # Selenium 5 will have Options instead of 'Capabilities'.
+          # https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/blob/trunk/rb/lib/selenium/webdriver/common/options.rb
+          # Then, Ruby client also shoud move to the Options way.
+          # Appium's capabilities could change by depending on Appium versions. So it does not have
+          # standard options like chrome and firefox etc. So, the implementation should differ from
+          # other browsers. But here should inherit `Options` to follow Selenium.
+          ::Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.new(opts_caps)
         end
       end
     end