angularjs-rails 1.5.6 → 1.5.8

data/vendor/assets/javascripts/angular-touch.js

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /**
- * @license AngularJS v1.5.6
+ * @license AngularJS v1.5.8
  * (c) 2010-2016 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
  * License: MIT
  */
@@ -167,6 +167,12 @@ ngTouch.factory('$swipe', [function() {
       move: 'touchmove',
       end: 'touchend',
       cancel: 'touchcancel'
+    },
+    'pointer': {
+      start: 'pointerdown',
+      move: 'pointermove',
+      end: 'pointerup',
+      cancel: 'pointercancel'
     }
   };
 
@@ -201,15 +207,15 @@ ngTouch.factory('$swipe', [function() {
      * The main method of `$swipe`. It takes an element to be watched for swipe motions, and an
      * object containing event handlers.
      * The pointer types that should be used can be specified via the optional
-     * third argument, which is an array of strings `'mouse'` and `'touch'`. By default,
-     * `$swipe` will listen for `mouse` and `touch` events.
+     * third argument, which is an array of strings `'mouse'`, `'touch'` and `'pointer'`. By default,
+     * `$swipe` will listen for `mouse`, `touch` and `pointer` events.
      *
      * The four events are `start`, `move`, `end`, and `cancel`. `start`, `move`, and `end`
      * receive as a parameter a coordinates object of the form `{ x: 150, y: 310 }` and the raw
      * `event`. `cancel` receives the raw `event` as its single parameter.
      *
-     * `start` is called on either `mousedown` or `touchstart`. After this event, `$swipe` is
-     * watching for `touchmove` or `mousemove` events. These events are ignored until the total
+     * `start` is called on either `mousedown`, `touchstart` or `pointerdown`. After this event, `$swipe` is
+     * watching for `touchmove`, `mousemove` or `pointermove` events. These events are ignored until the total
      * distance moved in either dimension exceeds a small threshold.
      *
      * Once this threshold is exceeded, either the horizontal or vertical delta is greater.
@@ -217,12 +223,12 @@ ngTouch.factory('$swipe', [function() {
      * - If the vertical distance is greater, this is a scroll, and we let the browser take over.
      *   A `cancel` event is sent.
      *
-     * `move` is called on `mousemove` and `touchmove` after the above logic has determined that
+     * `move` is called on `mousemove`, `touchmove` and `pointermove` after the above logic has determined that
      * a swipe is in progress.
      *
-     * `end` is called when a swipe is successfully completed with a `touchend` or `mouseup`.
+     * `end` is called when a swipe is successfully completed with a `touchend`, `mouseup` or `pointerup`.
      *
-     * `cancel` is called either on a `touchcancel` from the browser, or when we begin scrolling
+     * `cancel` is called either on a `touchcancel` or `pointercancel`  from the browser, or when we begin scrolling
      * as described above.
      *
      */
@@ -236,7 +242,7 @@ ngTouch.factory('$swipe', [function() {
       // Whether a swipe is active.
       var active = false;
 
-      pointerTypes = pointerTypes || ['mouse', 'touch'];
+      pointerTypes = pointerTypes || ['mouse', 'touch', 'pointer'];
       element.on(getEvents(pointerTypes, 'start'), function(event) {
         startCoords = getCoordinates(event);
         active = true;

data/vendor/assets/javascripts/angular.js

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /**
- * @license AngularJS v1.5.6
+ * @license AngularJS v1.5.8
  * (c) 2010-2016 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
  * License: MIT
  */
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ function minErr(module, ErrorConstructor) {
       return match;
     });
 
-    message += '\nhttp://errors.angularjs.org/1.5.6/' +
+    message += '\nhttp://errors.angularjs.org/1.5.8/' +
       (module ? module + '/' : '') + code;
 
     for (i = SKIP_INDEXES, paramPrefix = '?'; i < templateArgs.length; i++, paramPrefix = '&') {
@@ -126,7 +126,6 @@ function minErr(module, ErrorConstructor) {
   includes: true,
   arrayRemove: true,
   copy: true,
-  shallowCopy: true,
   equals: true,
   csp: true,
   jq: true,
@@ -822,7 +821,13 @@ function arrayRemove(array, value) {
  * * If a destination is provided, all of its elements (for arrays) or properties (for objects)
  *   are deleted and then all elements/properties from the source are copied to it.
  * * If `source` is not an object or array (inc. `null` and `undefined`), `source` is returned.
- * * If `source` is identical to 'destination' an exception will be thrown.
+ * * If `source` is identical to `destination` an exception will be thrown.
+ *
+ * <br />
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ *   Only enumerable properties are taken into account. Non-enumerable properties (both on `source`
+ *   and on `destination`) will be ignored.
+ * </div>
  *
  * @param {*} source The source that will be used to make a copy.
  *                   Can be any type, including primitives, `null`, and `undefined`.
@@ -831,41 +836,42 @@ function arrayRemove(array, value) {
  * @returns {*} The copy or updated `destination`, if `destination` was specified.
  *
  * @example
- <example module="copyExample">
- <file name="index.html">
- <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
- <form novalidate class="simple-form">
- Name: <input type="text" ng-model="user.name" /><br />
- E-mail: <input type="email" ng-model="user.email" /><br />
- Gender: <input type="radio" ng-model="user.gender" value="male" />male
- <input type="radio" ng-model="user.gender" value="female" />female<br />
- <button ng-click="reset()">RESET</button>
- <button ng-click="update(user)">SAVE</button>
- </form>
- <pre>form = {{user | json}}</pre>
- <pre>master = {{master | json}}</pre>
- </div>
-
- <script>
-  angular.module('copyExample', [])
-    .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-      $scope.master= {};
-
-      $scope.update = function(user) {
-        // Example with 1 argument
-        $scope.master= angular.copy(user);
-      };
+  <example module="copyExample">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+        <form novalidate class="simple-form">
+          <label>Name: <input type="text" ng-model="user.name" /></label><br />
+          <label>Age:  <input type="number" ng-model="user.age" /></label><br />
+          Gender: <label><input type="radio" ng-model="user.gender" value="male" />male</label>
+                  <label><input type="radio" ng-model="user.gender" value="female" />female</label><br />
+          <button ng-click="reset()">RESET</button>
+          <button ng-click="update(user)">SAVE</button>
+        </form>
+        <pre>form = {{user | json}}</pre>
+        <pre>master = {{master | json}}</pre>
+      </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="script.js">
+      // Module: copyExample
+      angular.
+        module('copyExample', []).
+        controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+          $scope.master = {};
+
+          $scope.reset = function() {
+            // Example with 1 argument
+            $scope.user = angular.copy($scope.master);
+          };
 
-      $scope.reset = function() {
-        // Example with 2 arguments
-        angular.copy($scope.master, $scope.user);
-      };
+          $scope.update = function(user) {
+            // Example with 2 arguments
+            angular.copy(user, $scope.master);
+          };
 
-      $scope.reset();
-    }]);
- </script>
- </file>
- </example>
+          $scope.reset();
+        }]);
+    </file>
+  </example>
  */
 function copy(source, destination) {
   var stackSource = [];
@@ -972,7 +978,7 @@ function copy(source, destination) {
       case '[object Uint8ClampedArray]':
       case '[object Uint16Array]':
       case '[object Uint32Array]':
-        return new source.constructor(copyElement(source.buffer));
+        return new source.constructor(copyElement(source.buffer), source.byteOffset, source.length);
 
       case '[object ArrayBuffer]':
         //Support: IE10
@@ -1004,31 +1010,6 @@ function copy(source, destination) {
   }
 }
 
-/**
- * Creates a shallow copy of an object, an array or a primitive.
- *
- * Assumes that there are no proto properties for objects.
- */
-function shallowCopy(src, dst) {
-  if (isArray(src)) {
-    dst = dst || [];
-
-    for (var i = 0, ii = src.length; i < ii; i++) {
-      dst[i] = src[i];
-    }
-  } else if (isObject(src)) {
-    dst = dst || {};
-
-    for (var key in src) {
-      if (!(key.charAt(0) === '$' && key.charAt(1) === '$')) {
-        dst[key] = src[key];
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  return dst || src;
-}
-
 
 /**
  * @ngdoc function
@@ -2369,7 +2350,34 @@ function setupModuleLoader(window) {
 
 }
 
-/* global: toDebugString: true */
+/* global shallowCopy: true */
+
+/**
+ * Creates a shallow copy of an object, an array or a primitive.
+ *
+ * Assumes that there are no proto properties for objects.
+ */
+function shallowCopy(src, dst) {
+  if (isArray(src)) {
+    dst = dst || [];
+
+    for (var i = 0, ii = src.length; i < ii; i++) {
+      dst[i] = src[i];
+    }
+  } else if (isObject(src)) {
+    dst = dst || {};
+
+    for (var key in src) {
+      if (!(key.charAt(0) === '$' && key.charAt(1) === '$')) {
+        dst[key] = src[key];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return dst || src;
+}
+
+/* global toDebugString: true */
 
 function serializeObject(obj) {
   var seen = [];
@@ -2473,6 +2481,7 @@ function toDebugString(obj) {
   $HttpParamSerializerJQLikeProvider,
   $HttpBackendProvider,
   $xhrFactoryProvider,
+  $jsonpCallbacksProvider,
   $LocationProvider,
   $LogProvider,
   $ParseProvider,
@@ -2510,11 +2519,11 @@ function toDebugString(obj) {
  * - `codeName` – `{string}` – Code name of the release, such as "jiggling-armfat".
  */
 var version = {
-  full: '1.5.6',    // all of these placeholder strings will be replaced by grunt's
+  full: '1.5.8',    // all of these placeholder strings will be replaced by grunt's
   major: 1,    // package task
   minor: 5,
-  dot: 6,
-  codeName: 'arrow-stringification'
+  dot: 8,
+  codeName: 'arbitrary-fallbacks'
 };
 
 
@@ -2545,7 +2554,7 @@ function publishExternalAPI(angular) {
     'isDate': isDate,
     'lowercase': lowercase,
     'uppercase': uppercase,
-    'callbacks': {counter: 0},
+    'callbacks': {$$counter: 0},
     'getTestability': getTestability,
     '$$minErr': minErr,
     '$$csp': csp,
@@ -2634,6 +2643,7 @@ function publishExternalAPI(angular) {
         $httpParamSerializerJQLike: $HttpParamSerializerJQLikeProvider,
         $httpBackend: $HttpBackendProvider,
         $xhrFactory: $xhrFactoryProvider,
+        $jsonpCallbacks: $jsonpCallbacksProvider,
         $location: $LocationProvider,
         $log: $LogProvider,
         $parse: $ParseProvider,
@@ -2710,7 +2720,7 @@ function publishExternalAPI(angular) {
  * ## Angular's jqLite
  * jqLite provides only the following jQuery methods:
  *
- * - [`addClass()`](http://api.jquery.com/addClass/)
+ * - [`addClass()`](http://api.jquery.com/addClass/) - Does not support a function as first argument
  * - [`after()`](http://api.jquery.com/after/)
  * - [`append()`](http://api.jquery.com/append/)
  * - [`attr()`](http://api.jquery.com/attr/) - Does not support functions as parameters
@@ -2737,7 +2747,7 @@ function publishExternalAPI(angular) {
  * - [`ready()`](http://api.jquery.com/ready/)
  * - [`remove()`](http://api.jquery.com/remove/)
  * - [`removeAttr()`](http://api.jquery.com/removeAttr/)
- * - [`removeClass()`](http://api.jquery.com/removeClass/)
+ * - [`removeClass()`](http://api.jquery.com/removeClass/) - Does not support a function as first argument
  * - [`removeData()`](http://api.jquery.com/removeData/)
  * - [`replaceWith()`](http://api.jquery.com/replaceWith/)
  * - [`text()`](http://api.jquery.com/text/)
@@ -2872,7 +2882,7 @@ function jqLiteBuildFragment(html, context) {
     nodes.push(context.createTextNode(html));
   } else {
     // Convert html into DOM nodes
-    tmp = tmp || fragment.appendChild(context.createElement("div"));
+    tmp = fragment.appendChild(context.createElement("div"));
     tag = (TAG_NAME_REGEXP.exec(html) || ["", ""])[1].toLowerCase();
     wrap = wrapMap[tag] || wrapMap._default;
     tmp.innerHTML = wrap[1] + html.replace(XHTML_TAG_REGEXP, "<$1></$2>") + wrap[2];
@@ -4685,10 +4695,10 @@ function createInjector(modulesToLoad, strictDi) {
       if (msie <= 11) {
         return false;
       }
-      // Workaround for MS Edge.
-      // Check https://connect.microsoft.com/IE/Feedback/Details/2211653
+      // Support: Edge 12-13 only
+      // See: https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/platform/issues/6156135/
       return typeof func === 'function'
-        && /^(?:class\s|constructor\()/.test(stringifyFn(func));
+        && /^(?:class\b|constructor\()/.test(stringifyFn(func));
     }
 
     function invoke(fn, self, locals, serviceName) {
@@ -5429,7 +5439,13 @@ var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
        * @param {DOMElement} parent the parent element which will append the element as
        *   a child (so long as the after element is not present)
        * @param {DOMElement=} after the sibling element after which the element will be appended
-       * @param {object=} options an optional collection of options/styles that will be applied to the element
+       * @param {object=} options an optional collection of options/styles that will be applied to the element.
+       *   The object can have the following properties:
+       *
+       *   - **addClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to add to element
+       *   - **from** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at the beginning of animation. Must have matching `to`
+       *   - **removeClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to remove from element
+       *   - **to** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at end of animation. Must have matching `from`
        *
        * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
        */
@@ -5455,7 +5471,13 @@ var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
        * @param {DOMElement} parent the parent element which will append the element as
        *   a child (so long as the after element is not present)
        * @param {DOMElement=} after the sibling element after which the element will be appended
-       * @param {object=} options an optional collection of options/styles that will be applied to the element
+       * @param {object=} options an optional collection of options/styles that will be applied to the element.
+       *   The object can have the following properties:
+       *
+       *   - **addClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to add to element
+       *   - **from** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at the beginning of animation. Must have matching `to`
+       *   - **removeClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to remove from element
+       *   - **to** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at end of animation. Must have matching `from`
        *
        * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
        */
@@ -5476,7 +5498,13 @@ var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
        * digest once the animation has completed.
        *
        * @param {DOMElement} element the element which will be removed from the DOM
-       * @param {object=} options an optional collection of options/styles that will be applied to the element
+       * @param {object=} options an optional collection of options/styles that will be applied to the element.
+       *   The object can have the following properties:
+       *
+       *   - **addClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to add to element
+       *   - **from** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at the beginning of animation. Must have matching `to`
+       *   - **removeClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to remove from element
+       *   - **to** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at end of animation. Must have matching `from`
        *
        * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
        */
@@ -5500,7 +5528,13 @@ var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
        *
        * @param {DOMElement} element the element which the CSS classes will be applied to
        * @param {string} className the CSS class(es) that will be added (multiple classes are separated via spaces)
-       * @param {object=} options an optional collection of options/styles that will be applied to the element
+       * @param {object=} options an optional collection of options/styles that will be applied to the element.
+       *   The object can have the following properties:
+       *
+       *   - **addClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to add to element
+       *   - **from** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at the beginning of animation. Must have matching `to`
+       *   - **removeClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to remove from element
+       *   - **to** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at end of animation. Must have matching `from`
        *
        * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
        */
@@ -5524,7 +5558,13 @@ var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
        *
        * @param {DOMElement} element the element which the CSS classes will be applied to
        * @param {string} className the CSS class(es) that will be removed (multiple classes are separated via spaces)
-       * @param {object=} options an optional collection of options/styles that will be applied to the element
+       * @param {object=} options an optional collection of options/styles that will be applied to the element.
+       *   The object can have the following properties:
+       *
+       *   - **addClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to add to element
+       *   - **from** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at the beginning of animation. Must have matching `to`
+       *   - **removeClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to remove from element
+       *   - **to** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at end of animation. Must have matching `from`
        *
        * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
        */
@@ -5549,7 +5589,13 @@ var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
        * @param {DOMElement} element the element which the CSS classes will be applied to
        * @param {string} add the CSS class(es) that will be added (multiple classes are separated via spaces)
        * @param {string} remove the CSS class(es) that will be removed (multiple classes are separated via spaces)
-       * @param {object=} options an optional collection of options/styles that will be applied to the element
+       * @param {object=} options an optional collection of options/styles that will be applied to the element.
+       *   The object can have the following properties:
+       *
+       *   - **addClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to add to element
+       *   - **from** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at the beginning of animation. Must have matching `to`
+       *   - **removeClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to remove from element
+       *   - **to** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at end of animation. Must have matching `from`
        *
        * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
        */
@@ -5590,7 +5636,13 @@ var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
        * @param {string=} className an optional CSS class that will be applied to the element for the duration of the animation. If
        *    this value is left as empty then a CSS class of `ng-inline-animate` will be applied to the element.
        *    (Note that if no animation is detected then this value will not be applied to the element.)
-       * @param {object=} options an optional collection of options/styles that will be applied to the element
+       * @param {object=} options an optional collection of options/styles that will be applied to the element.
+       *   The object can have the following properties:
+       *
+       *   - **addClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to add to element
+       *   - **from** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at the beginning of animation. Must have matching `to`
+       *   - **removeClass** - `{string}` - space-separated CSS classes to remove from element
+       *   - **to** - `{Object}` - CSS properties & values at end of animation. Must have matching `from`
        *
        * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
        */
@@ -6678,8 +6730,9 @@ function $TemplateCacheProvider() {
  * There are many different options for a directive.
  *
  * The difference resides in the return value of the factory function.
- * You can either return a "Directive Definition Object" (see below) that defines the directive properties,
- * or just the `postLink` function (all other properties will have the default values).
+ * You can either return a {@link $compile#directive-definition-object Directive Definition Object (see below)}
+ * that defines the directive properties, or just the `postLink` function (all other properties will have
+ * the default values).
  *
  * <div class="alert alert-success">
  * **Best Practice:** It's recommended to use the "directive definition object" form.
@@ -6743,6 +6796,125 @@ function $TemplateCacheProvider() {
  *   });
  * ```
  *
+ * ### Life-cycle hooks
+ * Directive controllers can provide the following methods that are called by Angular at points in the life-cycle of the
+ * directive:
+ * * `$onInit()` - Called on each controller after all the controllers on an element have been constructed and
+ *   had their bindings initialized (and before the pre &amp; post linking functions for the directives on
+ *   this element). This is a good place to put initialization code for your controller.
+ * * `$onChanges(changesObj)` - Called whenever one-way (`<`) or interpolation (`@`) bindings are updated. The
+ *   `changesObj` is a hash whose keys are the names of the bound properties that have changed, and the values are an
+ *   object of the form `{ currentValue, previousValue, isFirstChange() }`. Use this hook to trigger updates within a
+ *   component such as cloning the bound value to prevent accidental mutation of the outer value.
+ * * `$doCheck()` - Called on each turn of the digest cycle. Provides an opportunity to detect and act on
+ *   changes. Any actions that you wish to take in response to the changes that you detect must be
+ *   invoked from this hook; implementing this has no effect on when `$onChanges` is called. For example, this hook
+ *   could be useful if you wish to perform a deep equality check, or to check a Date object, changes to which would not
+ *   be detected by Angular's change detector and thus not trigger `$onChanges`. This hook is invoked with no arguments;
+ *   if detecting changes, you must store the previous value(s) for comparison to the current values.
+ * * `$onDestroy()` - Called on a controller when its containing scope is destroyed. Use this hook for releasing
+ *   external resources, watches and event handlers. Note that components have their `$onDestroy()` hooks called in
+ *   the same order as the `$scope.$broadcast` events are triggered, which is top down. This means that parent
+ *   components will have their `$onDestroy()` hook called before child components.
+ * * `$postLink()` - Called after this controller's element and its children have been linked. Similar to the post-link
+ *   function this hook can be used to set up DOM event handlers and do direct DOM manipulation.
+ *   Note that child elements that contain `templateUrl` directives will not have been compiled and linked since
+ *   they are waiting for their template to load asynchronously and their own compilation and linking has been
+ *   suspended until that occurs.
+ *
+ * #### Comparison with Angular 2 life-cycle hooks
+ * Angular 2 also uses life-cycle hooks for its components. While the Angular 1 life-cycle hooks are similar there are
+ * some differences that you should be aware of, especially when it comes to moving your code from Angular 1 to Angular 2:
+ *
+ * * Angular 1 hooks are prefixed with `$`, such as `$onInit`. Angular 2 hooks are prefixed with `ng`, such as `ngOnInit`.
+ * * Angular 1 hooks can be defined on the controller prototype or added to the controller inside its constructor.
+ *   In Angular 2 you can only define hooks on the prototype of the Component class.
+ * * Due to the differences in change-detection, you may get many more calls to `$doCheck` in Angular 1 than you would to
+ *   `ngDoCheck` in Angular 2
+ * * Changes to the model inside `$doCheck` will trigger new turns of the digest loop, which will cause the changes to be
+ *   propagated throughout the application.
+ *   Angular 2 does not allow the `ngDoCheck` hook to trigger a change outside of the component. It will either throw an
+ *   error or do nothing depending upon the state of `enableProdMode()`.
+ *
+ * #### Life-cycle hook examples
+ *
+ * This example shows how you can check for mutations to a Date object even though the identity of the object
+ * has not changed.
+ *
+ * <example name="doCheckDateExample" module="do-check-module">
+ *   <file name="app.js">
+ *     angular.module('do-check-module', [])
+ *       .component('app', {
+ *         template:
+ *           'Month: <input ng-model="$ctrl.month" ng-change="$ctrl.updateDate()">' +
+ *           'Date: {{ $ctrl.date }}' +
+ *           '<test date="$ctrl.date"></test>',
+ *         controller: function() {
+ *           this.date = new Date();
+ *           this.month = this.date.getMonth();
+ *           this.updateDate = function() {
+ *             this.date.setMonth(this.month);
+ *           };
+ *         }
+ *       })
+ *       .component('test', {
+ *         bindings: { date: '<' },
+ *         template:
+ *           '<pre>{{ $ctrl.log | json }}</pre>',
+ *         controller: function() {
+ *           var previousValue;
+ *           this.log = [];
+ *           this.$doCheck = function() {
+ *             var currentValue = this.date && this.date.valueOf();
+ *             if (previousValue !== currentValue) {
+ *               this.log.push('doCheck: date mutated: ' + this.date);
+ *               previousValue = currentValue;
+ *             }
+ *           };
+ *         }
+ *       });
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *     <app></app>
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
+ *
+ * This example show how you might use `$doCheck` to trigger changes in your component's inputs even if the
+ * actual identity of the component doesn't change. (Be aware that cloning and deep equality checks on large
+ * arrays or objects can have a negative impact on your application performance)
+ *
+ * <example name="doCheckArrayExample" module="do-check-module">
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *     <div ng-init="items = []">
+ *       <button ng-click="items.push(items.length)">Add Item</button>
+ *       <button ng-click="items = []">Reset Items</button>
+ *       <pre>{{ items }}</pre>
+ *       <test items="items"></test>
+ *     </div>
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="app.js">
+ *      angular.module('do-check-module', [])
+ *        .component('test', {
+ *          bindings: { items: '<' },
+ *          template:
+ *            '<pre>{{ $ctrl.log | json }}</pre>',
+ *          controller: function() {
+ *            this.log = [];
+ *
+ *            this.$doCheck = function() {
+ *              if (this.items_ref !== this.items) {
+ *                this.log.push('doCheck: items changed');
+ *                this.items_ref = this.items;
+ *              }
+ *              if (!angular.equals(this.items_clone, this.items)) {
+ *                this.log.push('doCheck: items mutated');
+ *                this.items_clone = angular.copy(this.items);
+ *              }
+ *            };
+ *          }
+ *        });
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
  *
  *
  * ### Directive Definition Object
@@ -6918,25 +7090,6 @@ function $TemplateCacheProvider() {
  *    The `$transclude` function also has a method on it, `$transclude.isSlotFilled(slotName)`, which returns
  *    `true` if the specified slot contains content (i.e. one or more DOM nodes).
  *
- * The controller can provide the following methods that act as life-cycle hooks:
- * * `$onInit()` - Called on each controller after all the controllers on an element have been constructed and
- *   had their bindings initialized (and before the pre &amp; post linking functions for the directives on
- *   this element). This is a good place to put initialization code for your controller.
- * * `$onChanges(changesObj)` - Called whenever one-way (`<`) or interpolation (`@`) bindings are updated. The
- *   `changesObj` is a hash whose keys are the names of the bound properties that have changed, and the values are an
- *   object of the form `{ currentValue, previousValue, isFirstChange() }`. Use this hook to trigger updates within a
- *   component such as cloning the bound value to prevent accidental mutation of the outer value.
- * * `$onDestroy()` - Called on a controller when its containing scope is destroyed. Use this hook for releasing
- *   external resources, watches and event handlers. Note that components have their `$onDestroy()` hooks called in
- *   the same order as the `$scope.$broadcast` events are triggered, which is top down. This means that parent
- *   components will have their `$onDestroy()` hook called before child components.
- * * `$postLink()` - Called after this controller's element and its children have been linked. Similar to the post-link
- *   function this hook can be used to set up DOM event handlers and do direct DOM manipulation.
- *   Note that child elements that contain `templateUrl` directives will not have been compiled and linked since
- *   they are waiting for their template to load asynchronously and their own compilation and linking has been
- *   suspended until that occurs.
- *
- *
  * #### `require`
  * Require another directive and inject its controller as the fourth argument to the linking function. The
  * `require` property can be a string, an array or an object:
@@ -7134,8 +7287,8 @@ function $TemplateCacheProvider() {
  *     any other controller.
  *
  *   * `transcludeFn` - A transclude linking function pre-bound to the correct transclusion scope.
- *     This is the same as the `$transclude`
- *     parameter of directive controllers, see there for details.
+ *     This is the same as the `$transclude` parameter of directive controllers,
+ *     see {@link ng.$compile#-controller- the controller section for details}.
  *     `function([scope], cloneLinkingFn, futureParentElement)`.
  *
  * #### Pre-linking function
@@ -7937,11 +8090,19 @@ function $CompileProvider($provide, $$sanitizeUriProvider) {
         }
         // We must run this hook in an apply since the $$postDigest runs outside apply
         $rootScope.$apply(function() {
+          var errors = [];
           for (var i = 0, ii = onChangesQueue.length; i < ii; ++i) {
-            onChangesQueue[i]();
+            try {
+              onChangesQueue[i]();
+            } catch (e) {
+              errors.push(e);
+            }
           }
           // Reset the queue to trigger a new schedule next time there is a change
           onChangesQueue = undefined;
+          if (errors.length) {
+            throw errors;
+          }
         });
       } finally {
         onChangesTtl++;
@@ -8582,19 +8743,7 @@ function $CompileProvider($provide, $$sanitizeUriProvider) {
           addTextInterpolateDirective(directives, node.nodeValue);
           break;
         case NODE_TYPE_COMMENT: /* Comment */
-          try {
-            match = COMMENT_DIRECTIVE_REGEXP.exec(node.nodeValue);
-            if (match) {
-              nName = directiveNormalize(match[1]);
-              if (addDirective(directives, nName, 'M', maxPriority, ignoreDirective)) {
-                attrs[nName] = trim(match[2]);
-              }
-            }
-          } catch (e) {
-            // turns out that under some circumstances IE9 throws errors when one attempts to read
-            // comment's node value.
-            // Just ignore it and continue. (Can't seem to reproduce in test case.)
-          }
+          collectCommentDirectives(node, directives, attrs, maxPriority, ignoreDirective);
           break;
       }
 
@@ -8602,6 +8751,24 @@ function $CompileProvider($provide, $$sanitizeUriProvider) {
       return directives;
     }
 
+    function collectCommentDirectives(node, directives, attrs, maxPriority, ignoreDirective) {
+      // function created because of performance, try/catch disables
+      // the optimization of the whole function #14848
+      try {
+        var match = COMMENT_DIRECTIVE_REGEXP.exec(node.nodeValue);
+        if (match) {
+          var nName = directiveNormalize(match[1]);
+          if (addDirective(directives, nName, 'M', maxPriority, ignoreDirective)) {
+            attrs[nName] = trim(match[2]);
+          }
+        }
+      } catch (e) {
+        // turns out that under some circumstances IE9 throws errors when one attempts to read
+        // comment's node value.
+        // Just ignore it and continue. (Can't seem to reproduce in test case.)
+      }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Given a node with an directive-start it collects all of the siblings until it finds
      * directive-end.
@@ -9117,10 +9284,22 @@ function $CompileProvider($provide, $$sanitizeUriProvider) {
         forEach(elementControllers, function(controller) {
           var controllerInstance = controller.instance;
           if (isFunction(controllerInstance.$onChanges)) {
-            controllerInstance.$onChanges(controller.bindingInfo.initialChanges);
+            try {
+              controllerInstance.$onChanges(controller.bindingInfo.initialChanges);
+            } catch (e) {
+              $exceptionHandler(e);
+            }
           }
           if (isFunction(controllerInstance.$onInit)) {
-            controllerInstance.$onInit();
+            try {
+              controllerInstance.$onInit();
+            } catch (e) {
+              $exceptionHandler(e);
+            }
+          }
+          if (isFunction(controllerInstance.$doCheck)) {
+            controllerScope.$watch(function() { controllerInstance.$doCheck(); });
+            controllerInstance.$doCheck();
           }
           if (isFunction(controllerInstance.$onDestroy)) {
             controllerScope.$on('$destroy', function callOnDestroyHook() {
@@ -9384,18 +9563,16 @@ function $CompileProvider($provide, $$sanitizeUriProvider) {
 
       // copy the new attributes on the old attrs object
       forEach(src, function(value, key) {
-        if (key == 'class') {
-          safeAddClass($element, value);
-          dst['class'] = (dst['class'] ? dst['class'] + ' ' : '') + value;
-        } else if (key == 'style') {
-          $element.attr('style', $element.attr('style') + ';' + value);
-          dst['style'] = (dst['style'] ? dst['style'] + ';' : '') + value;
-          // `dst` will never contain hasOwnProperty as DOM parser won't let it.
-          // You will get an "InvalidCharacterError: DOM Exception 5" error if you
-          // have an attribute like "has-own-property" or "data-has-own-property", etc.
-        } else if (key.charAt(0) != '$' && !dst.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+        // Check if we already set this attribute in the loop above.
+        // `dst` will never contain hasOwnProperty as DOM parser won't let it.
+        // You will get an "InvalidCharacterError: DOM Exception 5" error if you
+        // have an attribute like "has-own-property" or "data-has-own-property", etc.
+        if (!dst.hasOwnProperty(key) && key.charAt(0) !== '$') {
           dst[key] = value;
-          dstAttr[key] = srcAttr[key];
+
+          if (key !== 'class' && key !== 'style') {
+            dstAttr[key] = srcAttr[key];
+          }
         }
       });
     }
@@ -9770,7 +9947,7 @@ function $CompileProvider($provide, $$sanitizeUriProvider) {
       forEach(bindings, function initializeBinding(definition, scopeName) {
         var attrName = definition.attrName,
         optional = definition.optional,
-        mode = definition.mode, // @, =, or &
+        mode = definition.mode, // @, =, <, or &
         lastValue,
         parentGet, parentSet, compare, removeWatch;
 
@@ -10256,18 +10433,21 @@ function $DocumentProvider() {
  *
  * ## Example:
  *
+ * The example below will overwrite the default `$exceptionHandler` in order to (a) log uncaught
+ * errors to the backend for later inspection by the developers and (b) to use `$log.warn()` instead
+ * of `$log.error()`.
+ *
  * ```js
- *   angular.module('exceptionOverride', []).factory('$exceptionHandler', function() {
- *     return function(exception, cause) {
- *       exception.message += ' (caused by "' + cause + '")';
- *       throw exception;
- *     };
- *   });
+ *   angular.
+ *     module('exceptionOverwrite', []).
+ *     factory('$exceptionHandler', ['$log', 'logErrorsToBackend', function($log, logErrorsToBackend) {
+ *       return function myExceptionHandler(exception, cause) {
+ *         logErrorsToBackend(exception, cause);
+ *         $log.warn(exception, cause);
+ *       };
+ *     }]);
  * ```
  *
- * This example will override the normal action of `$exceptionHandler`, to make angular
- * exceptions fail hard when they happen, instead of just logging to the console.
- *
  * <hr />
  * Note, that code executed in event-listeners (even those registered using jqLite's `on`/`bind`
  * methods) does not delegate exceptions to the {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler}
@@ -10277,7 +10457,7 @@ function $DocumentProvider() {
  * `try { ... } catch(e) { $exceptionHandler(e); }`
  *
  * @param {Error} exception Exception associated with the error.
- * @param {string=} cause optional information about the context in which
+ * @param {string=} cause Optional information about the context in which
  *       the error was thrown.
  *
  */
@@ -10347,7 +10527,7 @@ function $HttpParamSerializerProvider() {
    * * `{'foo': 'bar'}` results in `foo=bar`
    * * `{'foo': Date.now()}` results in `foo=2015-04-01T09%3A50%3A49.262Z` (`toISOString()` and encoded representation of a Date object)
    * * `{'foo': ['bar', 'baz']}` results in `foo=bar&foo=baz` (repeated key for each array element)
-   * * `{'foo': {'bar':'baz'}}` results in `foo=%7B%22bar%22%3A%22baz%22%7D"` (stringified and encoded representation of an object)
+   * * `{'foo': {'bar':'baz'}}` results in `foo=%7B%22bar%22%3A%22baz%22%7D` (stringified and encoded representation of an object)
    *
    * Note that serializer will sort the request parameters alphabetically.
    * */
@@ -10898,7 +11078,7 @@ function $HttpProvider() {
      *
      * ### Overriding the Default Transformations Per Request
      *
-     * If you wish override the request/response transformations only for a single request then provide
+     * If you wish to override the request/response transformations only for a single request then provide
      * `transformRequest` and/or `transformResponse` properties on the configuration object passed
      * into `$http`.
      *
@@ -10941,7 +11121,7 @@ function $HttpProvider() {
      *   * cache a specific response - set config.cache value to TRUE or to a cache object
      *
      * If caching is enabled, but neither the default cache nor config.cache are set to a cache object,
-     * then the default `$cacheFactory($http)` object is used.
+     * then the default `$cacheFactory("$http")` object is used.
      *
      * The default cache value can be set by updating the
      * {@link ng.$http#defaults `$http.defaults.cache`} property or the
@@ -11269,48 +11449,25 @@ function $HttpProvider() {
       config.headers = mergeHeaders(requestConfig);
       config.method = uppercase(config.method);
       config.paramSerializer = isString(config.paramSerializer) ?
-        $injector.get(config.paramSerializer) : config.paramSerializer;
-
-      var serverRequest = function(config) {
-        var headers = config.headers;
-        var reqData = transformData(config.data, headersGetter(headers), undefined, config.transformRequest);
+          $injector.get(config.paramSerializer) : config.paramSerializer;
 
-        // strip content-type if data is undefined
-        if (isUndefined(reqData)) {
-          forEach(headers, function(value, header) {
-            if (lowercase(header) === 'content-type') {
-                delete headers[header];
-            }
-          });
-        }
-
-        if (isUndefined(config.withCredentials) && !isUndefined(defaults.withCredentials)) {
-          config.withCredentials = defaults.withCredentials;
-        }
-
-        // send request
-        return sendReq(config, reqData).then(transformResponse, transformResponse);
-      };
-
-      var chain = [serverRequest, undefined];
+      var requestInterceptors = [];
+      var responseInterceptors = [];
       var promise = $q.when(config);
 
       // apply interceptors
       forEach(reversedInterceptors, function(interceptor) {
         if (interceptor.request || interceptor.requestError) {
-          chain.unshift(interceptor.request, interceptor.requestError);
+          requestInterceptors.unshift(interceptor.request, interceptor.requestError);
         }
         if (interceptor.response || interceptor.responseError) {
-          chain.push(interceptor.response, interceptor.responseError);
+          responseInterceptors.push(interceptor.response, interceptor.responseError);
         }
       });
 
-      while (chain.length) {
-        var thenFn = chain.shift();
-        var rejectFn = chain.shift();
-
-        promise = promise.then(thenFn, rejectFn);
-      }
+      promise = chainInterceptors(promise, requestInterceptors);
+      promise = promise.then(serverRequest);
+      promise = chainInterceptors(promise, responseInterceptors);
 
       if (useLegacyPromise) {
         promise.success = function(fn) {
@@ -11337,14 +11494,18 @@ function $HttpProvider() {
 
       return promise;
 
-      function transformResponse(response) {
-        // make a copy since the response must be cacheable
-        var resp = extend({}, response);
-        resp.data = transformData(response.data, response.headers, response.status,
-                                  config.transformResponse);
-        return (isSuccess(response.status))
-          ? resp
-          : $q.reject(resp);
+
+      function chainInterceptors(promise, interceptors) {
+        for (var i = 0, ii = interceptors.length; i < ii;) {
+          var thenFn = interceptors[i++];
+          var rejectFn = interceptors[i++];
+
+          promise = promise.then(thenFn, rejectFn);
+        }
+
+        interceptors.length = 0;
+
+        return promise;
       }
 
       function executeHeaderFns(headers, config) {
@@ -11388,6 +11549,37 @@ function $HttpProvider() {
         // execute if header value is a function for merged headers
         return executeHeaderFns(reqHeaders, shallowCopy(config));
       }
+
+      function serverRequest(config) {
+        var headers = config.headers;
+        var reqData = transformData(config.data, headersGetter(headers), undefined, config.transformRequest);
+
+        // strip content-type if data is undefined
+        if (isUndefined(reqData)) {
+          forEach(headers, function(value, header) {
+            if (lowercase(header) === 'content-type') {
+              delete headers[header];
+            }
+          });
+        }
+
+        if (isUndefined(config.withCredentials) && !isUndefined(defaults.withCredentials)) {
+          config.withCredentials = defaults.withCredentials;
+        }
+
+        // send request
+        return sendReq(config, reqData).then(transformResponse, transformResponse);
+      }
+
+      function transformResponse(response) {
+        // make a copy since the response must be cacheable
+        var resp = extend({}, response);
+        resp.data = transformData(response.data, response.headers, response.status,
+                                  config.transformResponse);
+        return (isSuccess(response.status))
+          ? resp
+          : $q.reject(resp);
+      }
     }
 
     $http.pendingRequests = [];
@@ -11434,6 +11626,8 @@ function $HttpProvider() {
      *
      * @description
      * Shortcut method to perform `JSONP` request.
+     * If you would like to customise where and how the callbacks are stored then try overriding
+     * or decorating the {@link $jsonpCallbacks} service.
      *
      * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request.
      *                     The name of the callback should be the string `JSON_CALLBACK`.
@@ -11707,7 +11901,7 @@ function $xhrFactoryProvider() {
 /**
  * @ngdoc service
  * @name $httpBackend
- * @requires $window
+ * @requires $jsonpCallbacks
  * @requires $document
  * @requires $xhrFactory
  *
@@ -11722,8 +11916,8 @@ function $xhrFactoryProvider() {
  * $httpBackend} which can be trained with responses.
  */
 function $HttpBackendProvider() {
-  this.$get = ['$browser', '$window', '$document', '$xhrFactory', function($browser, $window, $document, $xhrFactory) {
-    return createHttpBackend($browser, $xhrFactory, $browser.defer, $window.angular.callbacks, $document[0]);
+  this.$get = ['$browser', '$jsonpCallbacks', '$document', '$xhrFactory', function($browser, $jsonpCallbacks, $document, $xhrFactory) {
+    return createHttpBackend($browser, $xhrFactory, $browser.defer, $jsonpCallbacks, $document[0]);
   }];
 }
 
@@ -11733,17 +11927,13 @@ function createHttpBackend($browser, createXhr, $browserDefer, callbacks, rawDoc
     $browser.$$incOutstandingRequestCount();
     url = url || $browser.url();
 
-    if (lowercase(method) == 'jsonp') {
-      var callbackId = '_' + (callbacks.counter++).toString(36);
-      callbacks[callbackId] = function(data) {
-        callbacks[callbackId].data = data;
-        callbacks[callbackId].called = true;
-      };
-
-      var jsonpDone = jsonpReq(url.replace('JSON_CALLBACK', 'angular.callbacks.' + callbackId),
-          callbackId, function(status, text) {
-        completeRequest(callback, status, callbacks[callbackId].data, "", text);
-        callbacks[callbackId] = noop;
+    if (lowercase(method) === 'jsonp') {
+      var callbackPath = callbacks.createCallback(url);
+      var jsonpDone = jsonpReq(url, callbackPath, function(status, text) {
+        // jsonpReq only ever sets status to 200 (OK), 404 (ERROR) or -1 (WAITING)
+        var response = (status === 200) && callbacks.getResponse(callbackPath);
+        completeRequest(callback, status, response, "", text);
+        callbacks.removeCallback(callbackPath);
       });
     } else {
 
@@ -11845,7 +12035,8 @@ function createHttpBackend($browser, createXhr, $browserDefer, callbacks, rawDoc
     }
   };
 
-  function jsonpReq(url, callbackId, done) {
+  function jsonpReq(url, callbackPath, done) {
+    url = url.replace('JSON_CALLBACK', callbackPath);
     // we can't use jQuery/jqLite here because jQuery does crazy stuff with script elements, e.g.:
     // - fetches local scripts via XHR and evals them
     // - adds and immediately removes script elements from the document
@@ -11863,7 +12054,7 @@ function createHttpBackend($browser, createXhr, $browserDefer, callbacks, rawDoc
       var text = "unknown";
 
       if (event) {
-        if (event.type === "load" && !callbacks[callbackId].called) {
+        if (event.type === "load" && !callbacks.wasCalled(callbackPath)) {
           event = { type: "error" };
         }
         text = event.type;
@@ -12062,7 +12253,7 @@ function $InterpolateProvider() {
      *
      * `allOrNothing` is useful for interpolating URLs. `ngSrc` and `ngSrcset` use this behavior.
      *
-     * ####Escaped Interpolation
+     * #### Escaped Interpolation
      * $interpolate provides a mechanism for escaping interpolation markers. Start and end markers
      * can be escaped by preceding each of their characters with a REVERSE SOLIDUS U+005C (backslash).
      * It will be rendered as a regular start/end marker, and will not be interpreted as an expression
@@ -12485,6 +12676,87 @@ function $IntervalProvider() {
   }];
 }
 
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $jsonpCallbacks
+ * @requires $window
+ * @description
+ * This service handles the lifecycle of callbacks to handle JSONP requests.
+ * Override this service if you wish to customise where the callbacks are stored and
+ * how they vary compared to the requested url.
+ */
+var $jsonpCallbacksProvider = function() {
+  this.$get = ['$window', function($window) {
+    var callbacks = $window.angular.callbacks;
+    var callbackMap = {};
+
+    function createCallback(callbackId) {
+      var callback = function(data) {
+        callback.data = data;
+        callback.called = true;
+      };
+      callback.id = callbackId;
+      return callback;
+    }
+
+    return {
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $jsonpCallbacks#createCallback
+       * @param {string} url the url of the JSONP request
+       * @returns {string} the callback path to send to the server as part of the JSONP request
+       * @description
+       * {@link $httpBackend} calls this method to create a callback and get hold of the path to the callback
+       * to pass to the server, which will be used to call the callback with its payload in the JSONP response.
+       */
+      createCallback: function(url) {
+        var callbackId = '_' + (callbacks.$$counter++).toString(36);
+        var callbackPath = 'angular.callbacks.' + callbackId;
+        var callback = createCallback(callbackId);
+        callbackMap[callbackPath] = callbacks[callbackId] = callback;
+        return callbackPath;
+      },
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $jsonpCallbacks#wasCalled
+       * @param {string} callbackPath the path to the callback that was sent in the JSONP request
+       * @returns {boolean} whether the callback has been called, as a result of the JSONP response
+       * @description
+       * {@link $httpBackend} calls this method to find out whether the JSONP response actually called the
+       * callback that was passed in the request.
+       */
+      wasCalled: function(callbackPath) {
+        return callbackMap[callbackPath].called;
+      },
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $jsonpCallbacks#getResponse
+       * @param {string} callbackPath the path to the callback that was sent in the JSONP request
+       * @returns {*} the data received from the response via the registered callback
+       * @description
+       * {@link $httpBackend} calls this method to get hold of the data that was provided to the callback
+       * in the JSONP response.
+       */
+      getResponse: function(callbackPath) {
+        return callbackMap[callbackPath].data;
+      },
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $jsonpCallbacks#removeCallback
+       * @param {string} callbackPath the path to the callback that was sent in the JSONP request
+       * @description
+       * {@link $httpBackend} calls this method to remove the callback after the JSONP request has
+       * completed or timed-out.
+       */
+      removeCallback: function(callbackPath) {
+        var callback = callbackMap[callbackPath];
+        delete callbacks[callback.id];
+        delete callbackMap[callbackPath];
+      }
+    };
+  }];
+};
+
 /**
  * @ngdoc service
  * @name $locale
@@ -12824,6 +13096,12 @@ function LocationHashbangInHtml5Url(appBase, appBaseNoFile, hashPrefix) {
 
 var locationPrototype = {
 
+  /**
+   * Ensure absolute url is initialized.
+   * @private
+   */
+  $$absUrl:'',
+
   /**
    * Are we in html5 mode?
    * @private
@@ -14197,7 +14475,7 @@ AST.prototype = {
     var args = [];
     if (this.peekToken().text !== ')') {
       do {
-        args.push(this.expression());
+        args.push(this.filterChain());
       } while (this.expect(','));
     }
     return args;
@@ -15924,7 +16202,7 @@ function $ParseProvider() {
  *
  * **Methods**
  *
- * - `then(successCallback, errorCallback, notifyCallback)` – regardless of when the promise was or
+ * - `then(successCallback, [errorCallback], [notifyCallback])` – regardless of when the promise was or
  *   will be resolved or rejected, `then` calls one of the success or error callbacks asynchronously
  *   as soon as the result is available. The callbacks are called with a single argument: the result
  *   or rejection reason. Additionally, the notify callback may be called zero or more times to
@@ -15935,7 +16213,8 @@ function $ParseProvider() {
  *   with the value which is resolved in that promise using
  *   [promise chaining](http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/es6/promises/#toc-promises-queues)).
  *   It also notifies via the return value of the `notifyCallback` method. The promise cannot be
- *   resolved or rejected from the notifyCallback method.
+ *   resolved or rejected from the notifyCallback method. The errorCallback and notifyCallback
+ *   arguments are optional.
  *
  * - `catch(errorCallback)` – shorthand for `promise.then(null, errorCallback)`
  *
@@ -16350,6 +16629,30 @@ function qFactory(nextTick, exceptionHandler) {
     return deferred.promise;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $q#race
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Returns a promise that resolves or rejects as soon as one of those promises
+   * resolves or rejects, with the value or reason from that promise.
+   *
+   * @param {Array.<Promise>|Object.<Promise>} promises An array or hash of promises.
+   * @returns {Promise} a promise that resolves or rejects as soon as one of the `promises`
+   * resolves or rejects, with the value or reason from that promise.
+   */
+
+  function race(promises) {
+    var deferred = defer();
+
+    forEach(promises, function(promise) {
+      when(promise).then(deferred.resolve, deferred.reject);
+    });
+
+    return deferred.promise;
+  }
+
   var $Q = function Q(resolver) {
     if (!isFunction(resolver)) {
       throw $qMinErr('norslvr', "Expected resolverFn, got '{0}'", resolver);
@@ -16379,6 +16682,7 @@ function qFactory(nextTick, exceptionHandler) {
   $Q.when = when;
   $Q.resolve = resolve;
   $Q.all = all;
+  $Q.race = race;
 
   return $Q;
 }
@@ -19730,10 +20034,11 @@ function $FilterProvider($provide) {
  *   - `Object`: A pattern object can be used to filter specific properties on objects contained
  *     by `array`. For example `{name:"M", phone:"1"}` predicate will return an array of items
  *     which have property `name` containing "M" and property `phone` containing "1". A special
- *     property name `$` can be used (as in `{$:"text"}`) to accept a match against any
- *     property of the object or its nested object properties. That's equivalent to the simple
- *     substring match with a `string` as described above. The predicate can be negated by prefixing
- *     the string with `!`.
+ *     property name (`$` by default) can be used (e.g. as in `{$: "text"}`) to accept a match
+ *     against any property of the object or its nested object properties. That's equivalent to the
+ *     simple substring match with a `string` as described above. The special property name can be
+ *     overwritten, using the `anyPropertyKey` parameter.
+ *     The predicate can be negated by prefixing the string with `!`.
  *     For example `{name: "!M"}` predicate will return an array of items which have property `name`
  *     not containing "M".
  *
@@ -19767,6 +20072,9 @@ function $FilterProvider($provide) {
  *     Primitive values are converted to strings. Objects are not compared against primitives,
  *     unless they have a custom `toString` method (e.g. `Date` objects).
  *
+ * @param {string=} anyPropertyKey The special property name that matches against any property.
+ *     By default `$`.
+ *
  * @example
    <example>
      <file name="index.html">
@@ -19835,8 +20143,9 @@ function $FilterProvider($provide) {
      </file>
    </example>
  */
+
 function filterFilter() {
-  return function(array, expression, comparator) {
+  return function(array, expression, comparator, anyPropertyKey) {
     if (!isArrayLike(array)) {
       if (array == null) {
         return array;
@@ -19845,6 +20154,7 @@ function filterFilter() {
       }
     }
 
+    anyPropertyKey = anyPropertyKey || '$';
     var expressionType = getTypeForFilter(expression);
     var predicateFn;
     var matchAgainstAnyProp;
@@ -19861,7 +20171,7 @@ function filterFilter() {
         //jshint -W086
       case 'object':
         //jshint +W086
-        predicateFn = createPredicateFn(expression, comparator, matchAgainstAnyProp);
+        predicateFn = createPredicateFn(expression, comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAgainstAnyProp);
         break;
       default:
         return array;
@@ -19872,8 +20182,8 @@ function filterFilter() {
 }
 
 // Helper functions for `filterFilter`
-function createPredicateFn(expression, comparator, matchAgainstAnyProp) {
-  var shouldMatchPrimitives = isObject(expression) && ('$' in expression);
+function createPredicateFn(expression, comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAgainstAnyProp) {
+  var shouldMatchPrimitives = isObject(expression) && (anyPropertyKey in expression);
   var predicateFn;
 
   if (comparator === true) {
@@ -19901,25 +20211,25 @@ function createPredicateFn(expression, comparator, matchAgainstAnyProp) {
 
   predicateFn = function(item) {
     if (shouldMatchPrimitives && !isObject(item)) {
-      return deepCompare(item, expression.$, comparator, false);
+      return deepCompare(item, expression[anyPropertyKey], comparator, anyPropertyKey, false);
     }
-    return deepCompare(item, expression, comparator, matchAgainstAnyProp);
+    return deepCompare(item, expression, comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAgainstAnyProp);
   };
 
   return predicateFn;
 }
 
-function deepCompare(actual, expected, comparator, matchAgainstAnyProp, dontMatchWholeObject) {
+function deepCompare(actual, expected, comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAgainstAnyProp, dontMatchWholeObject) {
   var actualType = getTypeForFilter(actual);
   var expectedType = getTypeForFilter(expected);
 
   if ((expectedType === 'string') && (expected.charAt(0) === '!')) {
-    return !deepCompare(actual, expected.substring(1), comparator, matchAgainstAnyProp);
+    return !deepCompare(actual, expected.substring(1), comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAgainstAnyProp);
   } else if (isArray(actual)) {
     // In case `actual` is an array, consider it a match
     // if ANY of it's items matches `expected`
     return actual.some(function(item) {
-      return deepCompare(item, expected, comparator, matchAgainstAnyProp);
+      return deepCompare(item, expected, comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAgainstAnyProp);
     });
   }
 
@@ -19928,11 +20238,11 @@ function deepCompare(actual, expected, comparator, matchAgainstAnyProp, dontMatc
       var key;
       if (matchAgainstAnyProp) {
         for (key in actual) {
-          if ((key.charAt(0) !== '$') && deepCompare(actual[key], expected, comparator, true)) {
+          if ((key.charAt(0) !== '$') && deepCompare(actual[key], expected, comparator, anyPropertyKey, true)) {
             return true;
           }
         }
-        return dontMatchWholeObject ? false : deepCompare(actual, expected, comparator, false);
+        return dontMatchWholeObject ? false : deepCompare(actual, expected, comparator, anyPropertyKey, false);
       } else if (expectedType === 'object') {
         for (key in expected) {
           var expectedVal = expected[key];
@@ -19940,9 +20250,9 @@ function deepCompare(actual, expected, comparator, matchAgainstAnyProp, dontMatc
             continue;
           }
 
-          var matchAnyProperty = key === '$';
+          var matchAnyProperty = key === anyPropertyKey;
           var actualVal = matchAnyProperty ? actual : actual[key];
-          if (!deepCompare(actualVal, expectedVal, comparator, matchAnyProperty, matchAnyProperty)) {
+          if (!deepCompare(actualVal, expectedVal, comparator, anyPropertyKey, matchAnyProperty, matchAnyProperty)) {
             return false;
           }
         }
@@ -20680,21 +20990,22 @@ var uppercaseFilter = valueFn(uppercase);
  * @kind function
  *
  * @description
- * Creates a new array or string containing only a specified number of elements. The elements
- * are taken from either the beginning or the end of the source array, string or number, as specified by
- * the value and sign (positive or negative) of `limit`. If a number is used as input, it is
- * converted to a string.
- *
- * @param {Array|string|number} input Source array, string or number to be limited.
- * @param {string|number} limit The length of the returned array or string. If the `limit` number
+ * Creates a new array or string containing only a specified number of elements. The elements are
+ * taken from either the beginning or the end of the source array, string or number, as specified by
+ * the value and sign (positive or negative) of `limit`. Other array-like objects are also supported
+ * (e.g. array subclasses, NodeLists, jqLite/jQuery collections etc). If a number is used as input,
+ * it is converted to a string.
+ *
+ * @param {Array|ArrayLike|string|number} input - Array/array-like, string or number to be limited.
+ * @param {string|number} limit - The length of the returned array or string. If the `limit` number
  *     is positive, `limit` number of items from the beginning of the source array/string are copied.
  *     If the number is negative, `limit` number  of items from the end of the source array/string
  *     are copied. The `limit` will be trimmed if it exceeds `array.length`. If `limit` is undefined,
  *     the input will be returned unchanged.
- * @param {(string|number)=} begin Index at which to begin limitation. As a negative index, `begin`
- *     indicates an offset from the end of `input`. Defaults to `0`.
- * @returns {Array|string} A new sub-array or substring of length `limit` or less if input array
- *     had less than `limit` elements.
+ * @param {(string|number)=} begin - Index at which to begin limitation. As a negative index,
+ *     `begin` indicates an offset from the end of `input`. Defaults to `0`.
+ * @returns {Array|string} A new sub-array or substring of length `limit` or less if the input had
+ *     less than `limit` elements.
  *
  * @example
    <example module="limitToExample">
@@ -20782,67 +21093,157 @@ function limitToFilter() {
     if (isNaN(limit)) return input;
 
     if (isNumber(input)) input = input.toString();
-    if (!isArray(input) && !isString(input)) return input;
+    if (!isArrayLike(input)) return input;
 
     begin = (!begin || isNaN(begin)) ? 0 : toInt(begin);
     begin = (begin < 0) ? Math.max(0, input.length + begin) : begin;
 
     if (limit >= 0) {
-      return input.slice(begin, begin + limit);
+      return sliceFn(input, begin, begin + limit);
     } else {
       if (begin === 0) {
-        return input.slice(limit, input.length);
+        return sliceFn(input, limit, input.length);
       } else {
-        return input.slice(Math.max(0, begin + limit), begin);
+        return sliceFn(input, Math.max(0, begin + limit), begin);
       }
     }
   };
 }
 
+function sliceFn(input, begin, end) {
+  if (isString(input)) return input.slice(begin, end);
+
+  return slice.call(input, begin, end);
+}
+
 /**
  * @ngdoc filter
  * @name orderBy
  * @kind function
  *
  * @description
- * Orders a specified `array` by the `expression` predicate. It is ordered alphabetically
- * for strings and numerically for numbers. Note: if you notice numbers are not being sorted
- * as expected, make sure they are actually being saved as numbers and not strings.
- * Array-like values (e.g. NodeLists, jQuery objects, TypedArrays, Strings, etc) are also supported.
+ * Returns an array containing the items from the specified `collection`, ordered by a `comparator`
+ * function based on the values computed using the `expression` predicate.
+ *
+ * For example, `[{id: 'foo'}, {id: 'bar'}] | orderBy:'id'` would result in
+ * `[{id: 'bar'}, {id: 'foo'}]`.
+ *
+ * The `collection` can be an Array or array-like object (e.g. NodeList, jQuery object, TypedArray,
+ * String, etc).
+ *
+ * The `expression` can be a single predicate, or a list of predicates each serving as a tie-breaker
+ * for the preceeding one. The `expression` is evaluated against each item and the output is used
+ * for comparing with other items.
+ *
+ * You can change the sorting order by setting `reverse` to `true`. By default, items are sorted in
+ * ascending order.
+ *
+ * The comparison is done using the `comparator` function. If none is specified, a default, built-in
+ * comparator is used (see below for details - in a nutshell, it compares numbers numerically and
+ * strings alphabetically).
+ *
+ * ### Under the hood
  *
- * @param {Array} array The array (or array-like object) to sort.
- * @param {function(*)|string|Array.<(function(*)|string)>=} expression A predicate to be
- *    used by the comparator to determine the order of elements.
+ * Ordering the specified `collection` happens in two phases:
+ *
+ * 1. All items are passed through the predicate (or predicates), and the returned values are saved
+ *    along with their type (`string`, `number` etc). For example, an item `{label: 'foo'}`, passed
+ *    through a predicate that extracts the value of the `label` property, would be transformed to:
+ *    ```
+ *    {
+ *      value: 'foo',
+ *      type: 'string',
+ *      index: ...
+ *    }
+ *    ```
+ * 2. The comparator function is used to sort the items, based on the derived values, types and
+ *    indices.
+ *
+ * If you use a custom comparator, it will be called with pairs of objects of the form
+ * `{value: ..., type: '...', index: ...}` and is expected to return `0` if the objects are equal
+ * (as far as the comparator is concerned), `-1` if the 1st one should be ranked higher than the
+ * second, or `1` otherwise.
+ *
+ * In order to ensure that the sorting will be deterministic across platforms, if none of the
+ * specified predicates can distinguish between two items, `orderBy` will automatically introduce a
+ * dummy predicate that returns the item's index as `value`.
+ * (If you are using a custom comparator, make sure it can handle this predicate as well.)
+ *
+ * Finally, in an attempt to simplify things, if a predicate returns an object as the extracted
+ * value for an item, `orderBy` will try to convert that object to a primitive value, before passing
+ * it to the comparator. The following rules govern the conversion:
+ *
+ * 1. If the object has a `valueOf()` method that returns a primitive, its return value will be
+ *    used instead.<br />
+ *    (If the object has a `valueOf()` method that returns another object, then the returned object
+ *    will be used in subsequent steps.)
+ * 2. If the object has a custom `toString()` method (i.e. not the one inherited from `Object`) that
+ *    returns a primitive, its return value will be used instead.<br />
+ *    (If the object has a `toString()` method that returns another object, then the returned object
+ *    will be used in subsequent steps.)
+ * 3. No conversion; the object itself is used.
+ *
+ * ### The default comparator
+ *
+ * The default, built-in comparator should be sufficient for most usecases. In short, it compares
+ * numbers numerically, strings alphabetically (and case-insensitively), for objects falls back to
+ * using their index in the original collection, and sorts values of different types by type.
+ *
+ * More specifically, it follows these steps to determine the relative order of items:
+ *
+ * 1. If the compared values are of different types, compare the types themselves alphabetically.
+ * 2. If both values are of type `string`, compare them alphabetically in a case- and
+ *    locale-insensitive way.
+ * 3. If both values are objects, compare their indices instead.
+ * 4. Otherwise, return:
+ *    -  `0`, if the values are equal (by strict equality comparison, i.e. using `===`).
+ *    - `-1`, if the 1st value is "less than" the 2nd value (compared using the `<` operator).
+ *    -  `1`, otherwise.
+ *
+ * **Note:** If you notice numbers not being sorted as expected, make sure they are actually being
+ *           saved as numbers and not strings.
+ *
+ * @param {Array|ArrayLike} collection - The collection (array or array-like object) to sort.
+ * @param {(Function|string|Array.<Function|string>)=} expression - A predicate (or list of
+ *    predicates) to be used by the comparator to determine the order of elements.
  *
  *    Can be one of:
  *
- *    - `function`: Getter function. The result of this function will be sorted using the
- *      `<`, `===`, `>` operator.
- *    - `string`: An Angular expression. The result of this expression is used to compare elements
- *      (for example `name` to sort by a property called `name` or `name.substr(0, 3)` to sort by
- *      3 first characters of a property called `name`). The result of a constant expression
- *      is interpreted as a property name to be used in comparisons (for example `"special name"`
- *      to sort object by the value of their `special name` property). An expression can be
- *      optionally prefixed with `+` or `-` to control ascending or descending sort order
- *      (for example, `+name` or `-name`). If no property is provided, (e.g. `'+'`) then the array
- *      element itself is used to compare where sorting.
- *    - `Array`: An array of function or string predicates. The first predicate in the array
- *      is used for sorting, but when two items are equivalent, the next predicate is used.
+ *    - `Function`: A getter function. This function will be called with each item as argument and
+ *      the return value will be used for sorting.
+ *    - `string`: An Angular expression. This expression will be evaluated against each item and the
+ *      result will be used for sorting. For example, use `'label'` to sort by a property called
+ *      `label` or `'label.substring(0, 3)'` to sort by the first 3 characters of the `label`
+ *      property.<br />
+ *      (The result of a constant expression is interpreted as a property name to be used for
+ *      comparison. For example, use `'"special name"'` (note the extra pair of quotes) to sort by a
+ *      property called `special name`.)<br />
+ *      An expression can be optionally prefixed with `+` or `-` to control the sorting direction,
+ *      ascending or descending. For example, `'+label'` or `'-label'`. If no property is provided,
+ *      (e.g. `'+'` or `'-'`), the collection element itself is used in comparisons.
+ *    - `Array`: An array of function and/or string predicates. If a predicate cannot determine the
+ *      relative order of two items, the next predicate is used as a tie-breaker.
  *
- *    If the predicate is missing or empty then it defaults to `'+'`.
+ * **Note:** If the predicate is missing or empty then it defaults to `'+'`.
  *
- * @param {boolean=} reverse Reverse the order of the array.
- * @returns {Array} Sorted copy of the source array.
+ * @param {boolean=} reverse - If `true`, reverse the sorting order.
+ * @param {(Function)=} comparator - The comparator function used to determine the relative order of
+ *    value pairs. If omitted, the built-in comparator will be used.
+ *
+ * @returns {Array} - The sorted array.
  *
  *
  * @example
- * The example below demonstrates a simple ngRepeat, where the data is sorted
- * by age in descending order (predicate is set to `'-age'`).
- * `reverse` is not set, which means it defaults to `false`.
-   <example module="orderByExample">
+ * ### Ordering a table with `ngRepeat`
+ *
+ * The example below demonstrates a simple {@link ngRepeat ngRepeat}, where the data is sorted by
+ * age in descending order (expression is set to `'-age'`). The `comparator` is not set, which means
+ * it defaults to the built-in comparator.
+ *
+   <example name="orderBy-static" module="orderByExample1">
      <file name="index.html">
        <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-         <table class="friend">
+         <table class="friends">
            <tr>
              <th>Name</th>
              <th>Phone Number</th>
@@ -20857,43 +21258,77 @@ function limitToFilter() {
        </div>
      </file>
      <file name="script.js">
-       angular.module('orderByExample', [])
+       angular.module('orderByExample1', [])
          .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-           $scope.friends =
-               [{name:'John', phone:'555-1212', age:10},
-                {name:'Mary', phone:'555-9876', age:19},
-                {name:'Mike', phone:'555-4321', age:21},
-                {name:'Adam', phone:'555-5678', age:35},
-                {name:'Julie', phone:'555-8765', age:29}];
+           $scope.friends = [
+             {name: 'John',   phone: '555-1212',  age: 10},
+             {name: 'Mary',   phone: '555-9876',  age: 19},
+             {name: 'Mike',   phone: '555-4321',  age: 21},
+             {name: 'Adam',   phone: '555-5678',  age: 35},
+             {name: 'Julie',  phone: '555-8765',  age: 29}
+           ];
          }]);
      </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       .friends {
+         border-collapse: collapse;
+       }
+
+       .friends th {
+         border-bottom: 1px solid;
+       }
+       .friends td, .friends th {
+         border-left: 1px solid;
+         padding: 5px 10px;
+       }
+       .friends td:first-child, .friends th:first-child {
+         border-left: none;
+       }
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       // Element locators
+       var names = element.all(by.repeater('friends').column('friend.name'));
+
+       it('should sort friends by age in reverse order', function() {
+         expect(names.get(0).getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(names.get(1).getText()).toBe('Julie');
+         expect(names.get(2).getText()).toBe('Mike');
+         expect(names.get(3).getText()).toBe('Mary');
+         expect(names.get(4).getText()).toBe('John');
+       });
+     </file>
    </example>
+ * <hr />
  *
- * The predicate and reverse parameters can be controlled dynamically through scope properties,
- * as shown in the next example.
  * @example
-   <example module="orderByExample">
+ * ### Changing parameters dynamically
+ *
+ * All parameters can be changed dynamically. The next example shows how you can make the columns of
+ * a table sortable, by binding the `expression` and `reverse` parameters to scope properties.
+ *
+   <example name="orderBy-dynamic" module="orderByExample2">
      <file name="index.html">
        <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-         <pre>Sorting predicate = {{predicate}}; reverse = {{reverse}}</pre>
+         <pre>Sort by = {{propertyName}}; reverse = {{reverse}}</pre>
          <hr/>
-         <button ng-click="predicate=''">Set to unsorted</button>
-         <table class="friend">
+         <button ng-click="propertyName = null; reverse = false">Set to unsorted</button>
+         <hr/>
+         <table class="friends">
            <tr>
-            <th>
-                <button ng-click="order('name')">Name</button>
-                <span class="sortorder" ng-show="predicate === 'name'" ng-class="{reverse:reverse}"></span>
-            </th>
-            <th>
-                <button ng-click="order('phone')">Phone Number</button>
-                <span class="sortorder" ng-show="predicate === 'phone'" ng-class="{reverse:reverse}"></span>
-            </th>
-            <th>
-                <button ng-click="order('age')">Age</button>
-                <span class="sortorder" ng-show="predicate === 'age'" ng-class="{reverse:reverse}"></span>
-            </th>
+             <th>
+               <button ng-click="sortBy('name')">Name</button>
+               <span class="sortorder" ng-show="propertyName === 'name'" ng-class="{reverse: reverse}"></span>
+             </th>
+             <th>
+               <button ng-click="sortBy('phone')">Phone Number</button>
+               <span class="sortorder" ng-show="propertyName === 'phone'" ng-class="{reverse: reverse}"></span>
+             </th>
+             <th>
+               <button ng-click="sortBy('age')">Age</button>
+               <span class="sortorder" ng-show="propertyName === 'age'" ng-class="{reverse: reverse}"></span>
+             </th>
            </tr>
-           <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | orderBy:predicate:reverse">
+           <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | orderBy:propertyName:reverse">
              <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
              <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
              <td>{{friend.age}}</td>
@@ -20902,100 +21337,335 @@ function limitToFilter() {
        </div>
      </file>
      <file name="script.js">
-       angular.module('orderByExample', [])
+       angular.module('orderByExample2', [])
          .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
-           $scope.friends =
-               [{name:'John', phone:'555-1212', age:10},
-                {name:'Mary', phone:'555-9876', age:19},
-                {name:'Mike', phone:'555-4321', age:21},
-                {name:'Adam', phone:'555-5678', age:35},
-                {name:'Julie', phone:'555-8765', age:29}];
-           $scope.predicate = 'age';
+           var friends = [
+             {name: 'John',   phone: '555-1212',  age: 10},
+             {name: 'Mary',   phone: '555-9876',  age: 19},
+             {name: 'Mike',   phone: '555-4321',  age: 21},
+             {name: 'Adam',   phone: '555-5678',  age: 35},
+             {name: 'Julie',  phone: '555-8765',  age: 29}
+           ];
+
+           $scope.propertyName = 'age';
            $scope.reverse = true;
-           $scope.order = function(predicate) {
-             $scope.reverse = ($scope.predicate === predicate) ? !$scope.reverse : false;
-             $scope.predicate = predicate;
+           $scope.friends = friends;
+
+           $scope.sortBy = function(propertyName) {
+             $scope.reverse = ($scope.propertyName === propertyName) ? !$scope.reverse : false;
+             $scope.propertyName = propertyName;
            };
          }]);
-      </file>
+     </file>
      <file name="style.css">
+       .friends {
+         border-collapse: collapse;
+       }
+
+       .friends th {
+         border-bottom: 1px solid;
+       }
+       .friends td, .friends th {
+         border-left: 1px solid;
+         padding: 5px 10px;
+       }
+       .friends td:first-child, .friends th:first-child {
+         border-left: none;
+       }
+
        .sortorder:after {
-         content: '\25b2';
+         content: '\25b2';   // BLACK UP-POINTING TRIANGLE
        }
        .sortorder.reverse:after {
-         content: '\25bc';
+         content: '\25bc';   // BLACK DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE
        }
      </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       // Element locators
+       var unsortButton = element(by.partialButtonText('unsorted'));
+       var nameHeader = element(by.partialButtonText('Name'));
+       var phoneHeader = element(by.partialButtonText('Phone'));
+       var ageHeader = element(by.partialButtonText('Age'));
+       var firstName = element(by.repeater('friends').column('friend.name').row(0));
+       var lastName = element(by.repeater('friends').column('friend.name').row(4));
+
+       it('should sort friends by some property, when clicking on the column header', function() {
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
+
+         phoneHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Mary');
+
+         nameHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Mike');
+
+         ageHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+       });
+
+       it('should sort friends in reverse order, when clicking on the same column', function() {
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
+
+         ageHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+
+         ageHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
+       });
+
+       it('should restore the original order, when clicking "Set to unsorted"', function() {
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
+
+         unsortButton.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Julie');
+       });
+     </file>
    </example>
+ * <hr />
  *
- * It's also possible to call the orderBy filter manually, by injecting `$filter`, retrieving the
- * filter routine with `$filter('orderBy')`, and calling the returned filter routine with the
- * desired parameters.
+ * @example
+ * ### Using `orderBy` inside a controller
  *
- * Example:
+ * It is also possible to call the `orderBy` filter manually, by injecting `orderByFilter`, and
+ * calling it with the desired parameters. (Alternatively, you could inject the `$filter` factory
+ * and retrieve the `orderBy` filter with `$filter('orderBy')`.)
  *
- * @example
-  <example module="orderByExample">
-    <file name="index.html">
-    <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
-      <pre>Sorting predicate = {{predicate}}; reverse = {{reverse}}</pre>
-      <table class="friend">
-        <tr>
-          <th>
-              <button ng-click="order('name')">Name</button>
-              <span class="sortorder" ng-show="predicate === 'name'" ng-class="{reverse:reverse}"></span>
-          </th>
-          <th>
-              <button ng-click="order('phone')">Phone Number</button>
-              <span class="sortorder" ng-show="predicate === 'phone'" ng-class="{reverse:reverse}"></span>
-          </th>
-          <th>
-              <button ng-click="order('age')">Age</button>
-              <span class="sortorder" ng-show="predicate === 'age'" ng-class="{reverse:reverse}"></span>
-          </th>
-        </tr>
-        <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends">
-          <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
-          <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
-          <td>{{friend.age}}</td>
-        </tr>
-      </table>
-    </div>
-    </file>
+   <example name="orderBy-call-manually" module="orderByExample3">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <pre>Sort by = {{propertyName}}; reverse = {{reverse}}</pre>
+         <hr/>
+         <button ng-click="sortBy(null)">Set to unsorted</button>
+         <hr/>
+         <table class="friends">
+           <tr>
+             <th>
+               <button ng-click="sortBy('name')">Name</button>
+               <span class="sortorder" ng-show="propertyName === 'name'" ng-class="{reverse: reverse}"></span>
+             </th>
+             <th>
+               <button ng-click="sortBy('phone')">Phone Number</button>
+               <span class="sortorder" ng-show="propertyName === 'phone'" ng-class="{reverse: reverse}"></span>
+             </th>
+             <th>
+               <button ng-click="sortBy('age')">Age</button>
+               <span class="sortorder" ng-show="propertyName === 'age'" ng-class="{reverse: reverse}"></span>
+             </th>
+           </tr>
+           <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends">
+             <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
+             <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
+             <td>{{friend.age}}</td>
+           </tr>
+         </table>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="script.js">
+       angular.module('orderByExample3', [])
+         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', 'orderByFilter', function($scope, orderBy) {
+           var friends = [
+             {name: 'John',   phone: '555-1212',  age: 10},
+             {name: 'Mary',   phone: '555-9876',  age: 19},
+             {name: 'Mike',   phone: '555-4321',  age: 21},
+             {name: 'Adam',   phone: '555-5678',  age: 35},
+             {name: 'Julie',  phone: '555-8765',  age: 29}
+           ];
+
+           $scope.propertyName = 'age';
+           $scope.reverse = true;
+           $scope.friends = orderBy(friends, $scope.propertyName, $scope.reverse);
 
-    <file name="script.js">
-      angular.module('orderByExample', [])
-        .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', '$filter', function($scope, $filter) {
-          var orderBy = $filter('orderBy');
-          $scope.friends = [
-            { name: 'John',    phone: '555-1212',    age: 10 },
-            { name: 'Mary',    phone: '555-9876',    age: 19 },
-            { name: 'Mike',    phone: '555-4321',    age: 21 },
-            { name: 'Adam',    phone: '555-5678',    age: 35 },
-            { name: 'Julie',   phone: '555-8765',    age: 29 }
-          ];
-          $scope.order = function(predicate) {
-            $scope.predicate = predicate;
-            $scope.reverse = ($scope.predicate === predicate) ? !$scope.reverse : false;
-            $scope.friends = orderBy($scope.friends, predicate, $scope.reverse);
-          };
-          $scope.order('age', true);
-        }]);
-    </file>
+           $scope.sortBy = function(propertyName) {
+             $scope.reverse = (propertyName !== null && $scope.propertyName === propertyName)
+                 ? !$scope.reverse : false;
+             $scope.propertyName = propertyName;
+             $scope.friends = orderBy(friends, $scope.propertyName, $scope.reverse);
+           };
+         }]);
+     </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       .friends {
+         border-collapse: collapse;
+       }
+
+       .friends th {
+         border-bottom: 1px solid;
+       }
+       .friends td, .friends th {
+         border-left: 1px solid;
+         padding: 5px 10px;
+       }
+       .friends td:first-child, .friends th:first-child {
+         border-left: none;
+       }
 
-    <file name="style.css">
        .sortorder:after {
-         content: '\25b2';
+         content: '\25b2';   // BLACK UP-POINTING TRIANGLE
        }
        .sortorder.reverse:after {
-         content: '\25bc';
+         content: '\25bc';   // BLACK DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE
        }
-    </file>
-</example>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       // Element locators
+       var unsortButton = element(by.partialButtonText('unsorted'));
+       var nameHeader = element(by.partialButtonText('Name'));
+       var phoneHeader = element(by.partialButtonText('Phone'));
+       var ageHeader = element(by.partialButtonText('Age'));
+       var firstName = element(by.repeater('friends').column('friend.name').row(0));
+       var lastName = element(by.repeater('friends').column('friend.name').row(4));
+
+       it('should sort friends by some property, when clicking on the column header', function() {
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
+
+         phoneHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Mary');
+
+         nameHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Mike');
+
+         ageHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+       });
+
+       it('should sort friends in reverse order, when clicking on the same column', function() {
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
+
+         ageHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+
+         ageHeader.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
+       });
+
+       it('should restore the original order, when clicking "Set to unsorted"', function() {
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('John');
+
+         unsortButton.click();
+         expect(firstName.getText()).toBe('John');
+         expect(lastName.getText()).toBe('Julie');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ * <hr />
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### Using a custom comparator
+ *
+ * If you have very specific requirements about the way items are sorted, you can pass your own
+ * comparator function. For example, you might need to compare some strings in a locale-sensitive
+ * way. (When specifying a custom comparator, you also need to pass a value for the `reverse`
+ * argument - passing `false` retains the default sorting order, i.e. ascending.)
+ *
+   <example name="orderBy-custom-comparator" module="orderByExample4">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <div class="friends-container custom-comparator">
+           <h3>Locale-sensitive Comparator</h3>
+           <table class="friends">
+             <tr>
+               <th>Name</th>
+               <th>Favorite Letter</th>
+             </tr>
+             <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | orderBy:'favoriteLetter':false:localeSensitiveComparator">
+               <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
+               <td>{{friend.favoriteLetter}}</td>
+             </tr>
+           </table>
+         </div>
+         <div class="friends-container default-comparator">
+           <h3>Default Comparator</h3>
+           <table class="friends">
+             <tr>
+               <th>Name</th>
+               <th>Favorite Letter</th>
+             </tr>
+             <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | orderBy:'favoriteLetter'">
+               <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
+               <td>{{friend.favoriteLetter}}</td>
+             </tr>
+           </table>
+         </div>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="script.js">
+       angular.module('orderByExample4', [])
+         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+           $scope.friends = [
+             {name: 'John',   favoriteLetter: 'Ä'},
+             {name: 'Mary',   favoriteLetter: 'Ü'},
+             {name: 'Mike',   favoriteLetter: 'Ö'},
+             {name: 'Adam',   favoriteLetter: 'H'},
+             {name: 'Julie',  favoriteLetter: 'Z'}
+           ];
+
+           $scope.localeSensitiveComparator = function(v1, v2) {
+             // If we don't get strings, just compare by index
+             if (v1.type !== 'string' || v2.type !== 'string') {
+               return (v1.index < v2.index) ? -1 : 1;
+             }
+
+             // Compare strings alphabetically, taking locale into account
+             return v1.value.localeCompare(v2.value);
+           };
+         }]);
+     </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       .friends-container {
+         display: inline-block;
+         margin: 0 30px;
+       }
+
+       .friends {
+         border-collapse: collapse;
+       }
+
+       .friends th {
+         border-bottom: 1px solid;
+       }
+       .friends td, .friends th {
+         border-left: 1px solid;
+         padding: 5px 10px;
+       }
+       .friends td:first-child, .friends th:first-child {
+         border-left: none;
+       }
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       // Element locators
+       var container = element(by.css('.custom-comparator'));
+       var names = container.all(by.repeater('friends').column('friend.name'));
+
+       it('should sort friends by favorite letter (in correct alphabetical order)', function() {
+         expect(names.get(0).getText()).toBe('John');
+         expect(names.get(1).getText()).toBe('Adam');
+         expect(names.get(2).getText()).toBe('Mike');
+         expect(names.get(3).getText()).toBe('Mary');
+         expect(names.get(4).getText()).toBe('Julie');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ *
  */
 orderByFilter.$inject = ['$parse'];
 function orderByFilter($parse) {
-  return function(array, sortPredicate, reverseOrder) {
+  return function(array, sortPredicate, reverseOrder, compareFn) {
 
     if (array == null) return array;
     if (!isArrayLike(array)) {
@@ -21005,11 +21675,12 @@ function orderByFilter($parse) {
     if (!isArray(sortPredicate)) { sortPredicate = [sortPredicate]; }
     if (sortPredicate.length === 0) { sortPredicate = ['+']; }
 
-    var predicates = processPredicates(sortPredicate, reverseOrder);
-    // Add a predicate at the end that evaluates to the element index. This makes the
-    // sort stable as it works as a tie-breaker when all the input predicates cannot
-    // distinguish between two elements.
-    predicates.push({ get: function() { return {}; }, descending: reverseOrder ? -1 : 1});
+    var predicates = processPredicates(sortPredicate);
+
+    var descending = reverseOrder ? -1 : 1;
+
+    // Define the `compare()` function. Use a default comparator if none is specified.
+    var compare = isFunction(compareFn) ? compareFn : defaultCompare;
 
     // The next three lines are a version of a Swartzian Transform idiom from Perl
     // (sometimes called the Decorate-Sort-Undecorate idiom)
@@ -21021,8 +21692,12 @@ function orderByFilter($parse) {
     return array;
 
     function getComparisonObject(value, index) {
+      // NOTE: We are adding an extra `tieBreaker` value based on the element's index.
+      // This will be used to keep the sort stable when none of the input predicates can
+      // distinguish between two elements.
       return {
         value: value,
+        tieBreaker: {value: index, type: 'number', index: index},
         predicateValues: predicates.map(function(predicate) {
           return getPredicateValue(predicate.get(value), index);
         })
@@ -21030,18 +21705,19 @@ function orderByFilter($parse) {
     }
 
     function doComparison(v1, v2) {
-      var result = 0;
-      for (var index=0, length = predicates.length; index < length; ++index) {
-        result = compare(v1.predicateValues[index], v2.predicateValues[index]) * predicates[index].descending;
-        if (result) break;
+      for (var i = 0, ii = predicates.length; i < ii; i++) {
+        var result = compare(v1.predicateValues[i], v2.predicateValues[i]);
+        if (result) {
+          return result * predicates[i].descending * descending;
+        }
       }
-      return result;
+
+      return compare(v1.tieBreaker, v2.tieBreaker) * descending;
     }
   };
 
-  function processPredicates(sortPredicate, reverseOrder) {
-    reverseOrder = reverseOrder ? -1 : 1;
-    return sortPredicate.map(function(predicate) {
+  function processPredicates(sortPredicates) {
+    return sortPredicates.map(function(predicate) {
       var descending = 1, get = identity;
 
       if (isFunction(predicate)) {
@@ -21059,7 +21735,7 @@ function orderByFilter($parse) {
           }
         }
       }
-      return { get: get, descending: descending * reverseOrder };
+      return {get: get, descending: descending};
     });
   }
 
@@ -21074,9 +21750,9 @@ function orderByFilter($parse) {
     }
   }
 
-  function objectValue(value, index) {
+  function objectValue(value) {
     // If `valueOf` is a valid function use that
-    if (typeof value.valueOf === 'function') {
+    if (isFunction(value.valueOf)) {
       value = value.valueOf();
       if (isPrimitive(value)) return value;
     }
@@ -21085,8 +21761,8 @@ function orderByFilter($parse) {
       value = value.toString();
       if (isPrimitive(value)) return value;
     }
-    // We have a basic object so we use the position of the object in the collection
-    return index;
+
+    return value;
   }
 
   function getPredicateValue(value, index) {
@@ -21094,23 +21770,39 @@ function orderByFilter($parse) {
     if (value === null) {
       type = 'string';
       value = 'null';
-    } else if (type === 'string') {
-      value = value.toLowerCase();
     } else if (type === 'object') {
-      value = objectValue(value, index);
+      value = objectValue(value);
     }
-    return { value: value, type: type };
+    return {value: value, type: type, index: index};
   }
 
-  function compare(v1, v2) {
+  function defaultCompare(v1, v2) {
     var result = 0;
-    if (v1.type === v2.type) {
-      if (v1.value !== v2.value) {
-        result = v1.value < v2.value ? -1 : 1;
+    var type1 = v1.type;
+    var type2 = v2.type;
+
+    if (type1 === type2) {
+      var value1 = v1.value;
+      var value2 = v2.value;
+
+      if (type1 === 'string') {
+        // Compare strings case-insensitively
+        value1 = value1.toLowerCase();
+        value2 = value2.toLowerCase();
+      } else if (type1 === 'object') {
+        // For basic objects, use the position of the object
+        // in the collection instead of the value
+        if (isObject(value1)) value1 = v1.index;
+        if (isObject(value2)) value2 = v2.index;
+      }
+
+      if (value1 !== value2) {
+        result = value1 < value2 ? -1 : 1;
       }
     } else {
-      result = v1.type < v2.type ? -1 : 1;
+      result = type1 < type2 ? -1 : 1;
     }
+
     return result;
   }
 }
@@ -21390,9 +22082,11 @@ var htmlAnchorDirective = valueFn({
  *
  * @description
  *
- * Sets the `readOnly` attribute on the element, if the expression inside `ngReadonly` is truthy.
+ * Sets the `readonly` attribute on the element, if the expression inside `ngReadonly` is truthy.
+ * Note that `readonly` applies only to `input` elements with specific types. [See the input docs on
+ * MDN](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input#attr-readonly) for more information.
  *
- * A special directive is necessary because we cannot use interpolation inside the `readOnly`
+ * A special directive is necessary because we cannot use interpolation inside the `readonly`
  * attribute. See the {@link guide/interpolation interpolation guide} for more info.
  *
  * @example
@@ -21429,6 +22123,13 @@ var htmlAnchorDirective = valueFn({
  * A special directive is necessary because we cannot use interpolation inside the `selected`
  * attribute. See the {@link guide/interpolation interpolation guide} for more info.
  *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ *   **Note:** `ngSelected` does not interact with the `select` and `ngModel` directives, it only
+ *   sets the `selected` attribute on the element. If you are using `ngModel` on the select, you
+ *   should not use `ngSelected` on the options, as `ngModel` will set the select value and
+ *   selected options.
+ * </div>
+ *
  * @example
     <example>
       <file name="index.html">
@@ -21465,6 +22166,11 @@ var htmlAnchorDirective = valueFn({
  * A special directive is necessary because we cannot use interpolation inside the `open`
  * attribute. See the {@link guide/interpolation interpolation guide} for more info.
  *
+ * ## A note about browser compatibility
+ *
+ * Edge, Firefox, and Internet Explorer do not support the `details` element, it is
+ * recommended to use {@link ng.ngShow} and {@link ng.ngHide} instead.
+ *
  * @example
      <example>
        <file name="index.html">
@@ -22155,7 +22861,9 @@ var ISO_DATE_REGEXP = /^\d{4,}-[01]\d-[0-3]\dT[0-2]\d:[0-5]\d:[0-5]\d\.\d+(?:[+-
 //   9. Fragment
 //                 1111111111111111 222   333333    44444        555555555555555555555555    666     77777777     8888888     999
 var URL_REGEXP = /^[a-z][a-z\d.+-]*:\/*(?:[^:@]+(?::[^@]+)?@)?(?:[^\s:/?#]+|\[[a-f\d:]+\])(?::\d+)?(?:\/[^?#]*)?(?:\?[^#]*)?(?:#.*)?$/i;
-var EMAIL_REGEXP = /^[a-z0-9!#$%&'*+\/=?^_`{|}~.-]+@[a-z0-9]([a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?(\.[a-z0-9]([a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?)*$/i;
+/* jshint maxlen:220 */
+var EMAIL_REGEXP = /^(?=.{1,254}$)(?=.{1,64}@)[-!#$%&'*+\/0-9=?A-Z^_`a-z{|}~]+(\.[-!#$%&'*+\/0-9=?A-Z^_`a-z{|}~]+)*@[A-Za-z0-9]([A-Za-z0-9-]{0,61}[A-Za-z0-9])?(\.[A-Za-z0-9]([A-Za-z0-9-]{0,61}[A-Za-z0-9])?)*$/;
+/* jshint maxlen:200 */
 var NUMBER_REGEXP = /^\s*(\-|\+)?(\d+|(\d*(\.\d*)))([eE][+-]?\d+)?\s*$/;
 var DATE_REGEXP = /^(\d{4,})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})$/;
 var DATETIMELOCAL_REGEXP = /^(\d{4,})-(\d\d)-(\d\d)T(\d\d):(\d\d)(?::(\d\d)(\.\d{1,3})?)?$/;
@@ -23540,7 +24248,7 @@ function numberInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
 
     attr.$observe('min', function(val) {
       if (isDefined(val) && !isNumber(val)) {
-        val = parseFloat(val, 10);
+        val = parseFloat(val);
       }
       minVal = isNumber(val) && !isNaN(val) ? val : undefined;
       // TODO(matsko): implement validateLater to reduce number of validations
@@ -23556,7 +24264,7 @@ function numberInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
 
     attr.$observe('max', function(val) {
       if (isDefined(val) && !isNumber(val)) {
-        val = parseFloat(val, 10);
+        val = parseFloat(val);
       }
       maxVal = isNumber(val) && !isNaN(val) ? val : undefined;
       // TODO(matsko): implement validateLater to reduce number of validations
@@ -24363,6 +25071,11 @@ function classDirective(name, selector) {
  * When the expression changes, the previously added classes are removed and only then are the
  * new classes added.
  *
+ * @knownIssue
+ * You should not use {@link guide/interpolation interpolation} in the value of the `class`
+ * attribute, when using the `ngClass` directive on the same element.
+ * See {@link guide/interpolation#known-issues here} for more info.
+ *
  * @animations
  * | Animation                        | Occurs                              |
  * |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------|
@@ -28308,7 +29021,7 @@ var ngOptionsDirective = ['$compile', '$document', '$parse', function($compile,
 
           for (var i = options.items.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
             var option = options.items[i];
-            if (option.group) {
+            if (isDefined(option.group)) {
               jqLiteRemove(option.element.parentNode);
             } else {
               jqLiteRemove(option.element);
@@ -28340,7 +29053,8 @@ var ngOptionsDirective = ['$compile', '$document', '$parse', function($compile,
               listFragment.appendChild(groupElement);
 
               // Update the label on the group element
-              groupElement.label = option.group;
+              // "null" is special cased because of Safari
+              groupElement.label = option.group === null ? 'null' : option.group;
 
               // Store it for use later
               groupElementMap[option.group] = groupElement;
@@ -28676,7 +29390,7 @@ var ngPluralizeDirective = ['$locale', '$interpolate', '$log', function($locale,
  *   it's a prefix used by Angular for public (`$`) and private (`$$`) properties.
  *
  * - The built-in filters {@link ng.orderBy orderBy} and {@link ng.filter filter} do not work with
- *   objects, and will throw if used with one.
+ *   objects, and will throw an error if used with one.
  *
  * If you are hitting any of these limitations, the recommended workaround is to convert your object into an array
  * that is sorted into the order that you prefer before providing it to `ngRepeat`. You could
@@ -29525,6 +30239,11 @@ var ngHideDirective = ['$animate', function($animate) {
  * @description
  * The `ngStyle` directive allows you to set CSS style on an HTML element conditionally.
  *
+ * @knownIssue
+ * You should not use {@link guide/interpolation interpolation} in the value of the `style`
+ * attribute, when using the `ngStyle` directive on the same element.
+ * See {@link guide/interpolation#known-issues here} for more info.
+ *
  * @element ANY
  * @param {expression} ngStyle
  *
@@ -29936,37 +30655,63 @@ var ngSwitchDefaultDirective = ngDirective({
  * </example>
  */
 var ngTranscludeMinErr = minErr('ngTransclude');
-var ngTranscludeDirective = ngDirective({
-  restrict: 'EAC',
-  link: function($scope, $element, $attrs, controller, $transclude) {
+var ngTranscludeDirective = ['$compile', function($compile) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'EAC',
+    terminal: true,
+    compile: function ngTranscludeCompile(tElement) {
 
-    if ($attrs.ngTransclude === $attrs.$attr.ngTransclude) {
-      // If the attribute is of the form: `ng-transclude="ng-transclude"`
-      // then treat it like the default
-      $attrs.ngTransclude = '';
-    }
+      // Remove and cache any original content to act as a fallback
+      var fallbackLinkFn = $compile(tElement.contents());
+      tElement.empty();
 
-    function ngTranscludeCloneAttachFn(clone) {
-      if (clone.length) {
-        $element.empty();
-        $element.append(clone);
-      }
-    }
+      return function ngTranscludePostLink($scope, $element, $attrs, controller, $transclude) {
 
-    if (!$transclude) {
-      throw ngTranscludeMinErr('orphan',
-       'Illegal use of ngTransclude directive in the template! ' +
-       'No parent directive that requires a transclusion found. ' +
-       'Element: {0}',
-       startingTag($element));
-    }
+        if (!$transclude) {
+          throw ngTranscludeMinErr('orphan',
+          'Illegal use of ngTransclude directive in the template! ' +
+          'No parent directive that requires a transclusion found. ' +
+          'Element: {0}',
+          startingTag($element));
+        }
 
-    // If there is no slot name defined or the slot name is not optional
-    // then transclude the slot
-    var slotName = $attrs.ngTransclude || $attrs.ngTranscludeSlot;
-    $transclude(ngTranscludeCloneAttachFn, null, slotName);
-  }
-});
+
+        // If the attribute is of the form: `ng-transclude="ng-transclude"` then treat it like the default
+        if ($attrs.ngTransclude === $attrs.$attr.ngTransclude) {
+          $attrs.ngTransclude = '';
+        }
+        var slotName = $attrs.ngTransclude || $attrs.ngTranscludeSlot;
+
+        // If the slot is required and no transclusion content is provided then this call will throw an error
+        $transclude(ngTranscludeCloneAttachFn, null, slotName);
+
+        // If the slot is optional and no transclusion content is provided then use the fallback content
+        if (slotName && !$transclude.isSlotFilled(slotName)) {
+          useFallbackContent();
+        }
+
+        function ngTranscludeCloneAttachFn(clone, transcludedScope) {
+          if (clone.length) {
+            $element.append(clone);
+          } else {
+            useFallbackContent();
+            // There is nothing linked against the transcluded scope since no content was available,
+            // so it should be safe to clean up the generated scope.
+            transcludedScope.$destroy();
+          }
+        }
+
+        function useFallbackContent() {
+          // Since this is the fallback content rather than the transcluded content,
+          // we link against the scope of this directive rather than the transcluded scope
+          fallbackLinkFn($scope, function(clone) {
+            $element.append(clone);
+          });
+        }
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}];
 
 /**
  * @ngdoc directive