altcha 0.1.0

checksums.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+---
+SHA256:
+  metadata.gz: ec9e3706caf746807ebb7349d3ab202eb6601b9fed628fe6b5176c5a81ef6118
+  data.tar.gz: 6d6ddbb904cde1fed358bf6b36e11207c49604d0ecfed0646558c05f9d3e6ad0
+SHA512:
+  metadata.gz: feed3cad4fe038420c0e1701751d362408b64ef61e3fcb2d09640dcfef9b4566e2b486a3b3ddb8710ec5c4303948cc63eda072032797d5d1def90bd011b22a14
+  data.tar.gz: cd3a752cdb06111293a949d31fcb5988080d69d779d9db735e2420d9fdf57e0bde82734c0fa38e253f7c46ef30ed16b2707cbe0f39cd664fd9a7fe2a41d2fa83

data/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/.bundle/
+/.yardoc
+/_yardoc/
+/coverage/
+/doc/
+/pkg/
+/spec/reports/
+/tmp/
+/vendor/
+
+# rspec failure tracking
+.rspec_status

data/.rspec

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+--format documentation
+--color
+--require spec_helper

data/Gemfile

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+source "https://rubygems.org"
+
+git_source(:github) {|repo_name| "https://github.com/#{repo_name}" }
+
+# Specify your gem's dependencies in altcha.gemspec
+gemspec

data/Gemfile.lock

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+PATH
+  remote: .
+  specs:
+    altcha (0.1.0)
+
+GEM
+  remote: https://rubygems.org/
+  specs:
+    ast (2.4.2)
+    diff-lcs (1.5.1)
+    json (2.7.2)
+    language_server-protocol (3.17.0.3)
+    parallel (1.25.1)
+    parser (3.3.4.0)
+      ast (~> 2.4.1)
+      racc
+    racc (1.8.1)
+    rainbow (3.1.1)
+    rake (10.5.0)
+    regexp_parser (2.9.2)
+    rexml (3.3.4)
+      strscan
+    rspec (3.13.0)
+      rspec-core (~> 3.13.0)
+      rspec-expectations (~> 3.13.0)
+      rspec-mocks (~> 3.13.0)
+    rspec-core (3.13.0)
+      rspec-support (~> 3.13.0)
+    rspec-expectations (3.13.1)
+      diff-lcs (>= 1.2.0, < 2.0)
+      rspec-support (~> 3.13.0)
+    rspec-mocks (3.13.1)
+      diff-lcs (>= 1.2.0, < 2.0)
+      rspec-support (~> 3.13.0)
+    rspec-support (3.13.1)
+    rubocop (1.65.1)
+      json (~> 2.3)
+      language_server-protocol (>= 3.17.0)
+      parallel (~> 1.10)
+      parser (>= 3.3.0.2)
+      rainbow (>= 2.2.2, < 4.0)
+      regexp_parser (>= 2.4, < 3.0)
+      rexml (>= 3.2.5, < 4.0)
+      rubocop-ast (>= 1.31.1, < 2.0)
+      ruby-progressbar (~> 1.7)
+      unicode-display_width (>= 2.4.0, < 3.0)
+    rubocop-ast (1.31.3)
+      parser (>= 3.3.1.0)
+    ruby-progressbar (1.13.0)
+    strscan (3.1.0)
+    unicode-display_width (2.5.0)
+
+PLATFORMS
+  arm64-darwin-23
+  ruby
+
+DEPENDENCIES
+  altcha!
+  bundler (~> 2.5)
+  rake (~> 10.0)
+  rspec (~> 3.0)
+  rubocop (~> 1.65)
+
+BUNDLED WITH
+   2.5.11

data/LICENSE.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2024 Daniel Regeci
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.

data/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+# ALTCHA Ruby Library
+
+The ALTCHA Ruby Library is a lightweight, zero-dependency library designed for creating and verifying [ALTCHA](https://altcha.org) challenges.
+
+## Compatibility
+
+This library is compatible with:
+
+- Ruby 2.7+
+
+## Example
+
+- [Demo server](https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-starter-rb)
+
+## Installation
+
+To install the ALTCHA Ruby Library, add it to your Gemfile:
+
+```ruby
+gem 'altcha', git: 'https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib-rb'
+```
+
+Then run:
+
+```sh
+bundle install
+```
+
+Alternatively, install it directly using:
+
+```sh
+gem install altcha
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+Here’s a basic example of how to use the ALTCHA Ruby Library:
+
+```ruby
+require 'altcha'
+
+hmac_key = 'secret hmac key'
+
+# Create a new challenge
+options = Altcha::ChallengeOptions.new.tap do |opts|
+  opts.hmac_key = hmac_key
+  opts.max_number = 100000 # the maximum random number
+end
+
+challenge = Altcha.create_challenge(options)
+
+# Example payload to verify
+payload = {
+  algorithm: challenge.algorithm,
+  challenge: challenge.challenge,
+  number: 12345, # Example number
+  salt: challenge.salt,
+  signature: challenge.signature
+}
+
+# Verify the solution
+valid = Altcha.verify_solution(payload, hmac_key, true)
+puts valid ? "Solution verified!" : "Invalid solution."
+```
+
+## API
+
+### `Altcha.create_challenge(options)`
+
+Creates a new challenge for ALTCHA.
+
+**Parameters:**
+
+- `options [ChallengeOptions]`:
+  - `algorithm [String]`: Hashing algorithm to use (`SHA-1`, `SHA-256`, `SHA-512`, default: `SHA-256`).
+  - `max_number [Integer]`: Maximum number for the random number generator (default: 1,000,000).
+  - `salt_length [Integer]`: Length of the random salt (default: 12 bytes).
+  - `hmac_key [String]`: Required HMAC key.
+  - `salt [String]`: Optional salt string. If not provided, a random salt will be generated.
+  - `number [Integer]`: Optional specific number to use. If not provided, a random number will be generated.
+  - `expires [Time]`: Optional expiration time for the challenge.
+  - `params [Hash]`: Optional URL-encoded query parameters.
+
+**Returns:** `Challenge`
+
+### `Altcha.verify_solution(payload, hmac_key, check_expires = true)`
+
+Verifies an ALTCHA solution.
+
+**Parameters:**
+
+- `payload [Hash]`: The solution payload to verify.
+- `hmac_key [String]`: The HMAC key used for verification.
+- `check_expires [Boolean]`: Whether to check if the challenge has expired.
+
+**Returns:** `Boolean`
+
+### `Altcha.extract_params(payload)`
+
+Extracts URL parameters from the payload's salt.
+
+**Parameters:**
+
+- `payload [Hash]`: The payload containing the salt.
+
+**Returns:** `Hash`
+
+### `Altcha.verify_fields_hash(form_data, fields, fields_hash, algorithm)`
+
+Verifies the hash of form fields.
+
+**Parameters:**
+
+- `form_data [Hash]`: The form data to hash.
+- `fields [Array<String>]`: The fields to include in the hash.
+- `fields_hash [String]`: The expected hash value.
+- `algorithm [String]`: Hashing algorithm (`SHA-1`, `SHA-256`, `SHA-512`).
+
+**Returns:** `Boolean`
+
+### `Altcha.verify_server_signature(payload, hmac_key)`
+
+Verifies the server's signature.
+
+**Parameters:**
+
+- `payload [String, ServerSignaturePayload]`: The payload to verify (string or `ServerSignaturePayload`).
+- `hmac_key [String]`: The HMAC key used for verification.
+
+**Returns:** `[Boolean, ServerSignatureVerificationData]`
+
+### `Altcha.solve_challenge(challenge, salt, algorithm, max, start)`
+
+Finds a solution to the given challenge.
+
+**Parameters:**
+
+- `challenge [String]`: The challenge hash.
+- `salt [String]`: The challenge salt.
+- `algorithm [String]`: Hashing algorithm (`SHA-1`, `SHA-256`, `SHA-512`).
+- `max [Integer]`: Maximum number to iterate to.
+- `start [Integer]`: Starting number.
+
+**Returns:** `Solution, nil`
+
+## License
+
+MIT

data/Rakefile

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+require "bundler/gem_tasks"
+require "rspec/core/rake_task"
+
+RSpec::Core::RakeTask.new(:spec)
+
+task :default => :spec

data/altcha.gemspec

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+
+lib = File.expand_path("../lib", __FILE__)
+$LOAD_PATH.unshift(lib) unless $LOAD_PATH.include?(lib)
+require "altcha/version"
+
+Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
+  spec.name          = "altcha"
+  spec.version       = Altcha::VERSION
+  spec.authors       = ["Daniel Regeci"]
+
+  spec.summary       = "ALTCHA Library"
+  spec.description   = "A lightweight library for creating and verifying ALTCHA challenges."
+  spec.homepage      = "https://altcha.org"
+  spec.license       = "MIT"
+
+  # Specify which files should be added to the gem when it is released.
+  # The `git ls-files -z` loads the files in the RubyGem that have been added into git.
+  spec.files         = Dir.chdir(File.expand_path('..', __FILE__)) do
+    `git ls-files -z`.split("\x0").reject { |f| f.match(%r{^(test|spec|features)/}) }
+  end
+  spec.bindir        = "exe"
+  spec.executables   = spec.files.grep(%r{^exe/}) { |f| File.basename(f) }
+  spec.require_paths = ["lib"]
+
+  spec.add_development_dependency "bundler", "~> 2.5"
+  spec.add_development_dependency "rake", "~> 10.0"
+  spec.add_development_dependency "rspec", "~> 3.0"
+end

data/bin/console

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+require "bundler/setup"
+require "altcha"
+
+# You can add fixtures and/or initialization code here to make experimenting
+# with your gem easier. You can also use a different console, if you like.
+
+# (If you use this, don't forget to add pry to your Gemfile!)
+# require "pry"
+# Pry.start
+
+require "irb"
+IRB.start(__FILE__)

data/bin/setup

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+IFS=$'\n\t'
+set -vx
+
+bundle install
+
+# Do any other automated setup that you need to do here

data/lib/altcha/version.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module Altcha
+  VERSION = '0.1.0'
+end

data/lib/altcha.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,357 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require 'altcha/version'
+require 'openssl'
+require 'base64'
+require 'uri'
+require 'time'
+
+# Altcha module provides functions for creating and verifying ALTCHA challenges.
+module Altcha
+  # Contains algorithm type definitions for hashing.
+  module Algorithm
+    SHA1 = 'SHA-1'
+    SHA256 = 'SHA-256'
+    SHA512 = 'SHA-512'
+  end
+
+  # Default values for challenge generation.
+  DEFAULT_MAX_NUMBER = 1_000_000
+  DEFAULT_SALT_LENGTH = 12
+  DEFAULT_ALGORITHM = Algorithm::SHA256
+
+  # Class representing options for generating a challenge.
+  class ChallengeOptions
+    attr_accessor :algorithm, :max_number, :salt_length, :hmac_key, :salt, :number, :expires, :params
+  end
+
+  # Class representing a challenge with its attributes.
+  class Challenge
+    attr_accessor :algorithm, :challenge, :maxnumber, :salt, :signature
+
+    # Converts the Challenge object to a JSON string.
+    # @param options [Hash] options to customize JSON encoding.
+    # @return [String] JSON representation of the Challenge object.
+    def to_json(options = {})
+      {
+        algorithm: @algorithm,
+        challenge: @challenge,
+        maxnumber: @maxnumber,
+        salt: @salt,
+        signature: @signature
+      }.to_json(options)
+    end
+
+    # Creates a Challenge object from a JSON string.
+    # @param string [String] JSON string to parse.
+    # @return [Challenge] Parsed Challenge object.
+    def from_json(string)
+      data = JSON.parse(string)
+      new data['algorithm'], data['challenge'], data['maxnumber'], data['salt'], data['signature']
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Class representing the payload of a challenge.
+  class Payload
+    attr_accessor :algorithm, :challenge, :number, :salt, :signature
+
+    # Converts the Payload object to a JSON string.
+    # @param options [Hash] options to customize JSON encoding.
+    # @return [String] JSON representation of the Payload object.
+    def to_json(options = {})
+      {
+        algorithm: @algorithm,
+        challenge: @challenge,
+        number: @number,
+        salt: @salt,
+        signature: @signature
+      }.to_json(options)
+    end
+
+    # Creates a Payload object from a JSON string.
+    # @param string [String] JSON string to parse.
+    # @return [Payload] Parsed Payload object.
+    def from_json(string)
+      data = JSON.parse(string)
+      new data['algorithm'], data['verificationData'], data['signature'], data['verified']
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Class representing the payload for server signatures.
+  class ServerSignaturePayload
+    attr_accessor :algorithm, :verification_data, :signature, :verified
+
+    # Converts the ServerSignaturePayload object to a JSON string.
+    # @param options [Hash] options to customize JSON encoding.
+    # @return [String] JSON representation of the ServerSignaturePayload object.
+    def to_json(options = {})
+      {
+        algorithm: @algorithm,
+        verificationData: @verification_data,
+        signature: @signature,
+        verified: @verified
+      }.to_json(options)
+    end
+
+    # Creates a ServerSignaturePayload object from a JSON string.
+    # @param string [String] JSON string to parse.
+    # @return [ServerSignaturePayload] Parsed ServerSignaturePayload object.
+    def from_json(string)
+      data = JSON.parse(string)
+      new data['algorithm'], data['verificationData'], data['signature'], data['verified']
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Class for verifying server signatures, containing various data points.
+  class ServerSignatureVerificationData
+    attr_accessor :classification, :country, :detected_language, :email, :expire, :fields, :fields_hash,
+                  :ip_address, :reasons, :score, :time, :verified
+  end
+
+  # Class representing the solution to a challenge.
+  class Solution
+    attr_accessor :number, :took
+  end
+
+  # Generates a random byte array of the specified length.
+  # @param length [Integer] The length of the byte array to generate.
+  # @return [String] The generated random byte array.
+  def self.random_bytes(length)
+    OpenSSL::Random.random_bytes(length)
+  end
+
+  # Generates a random integer between 0 and the specified maximum (inclusive).
+  # @param max [Integer] The upper bound for the random integer.
+  # @return [Integer] The generated random integer.
+  def self.random_int(max)
+    rand(max + 1)
+  end
+
+  # Hashes the input data using the specified algorithm and returns the hexadecimal representation of the hash.
+  # @param algorithm [String] The hashing algorithm to use (e.g., SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-512).
+  # @param data [String] The data to hash.
+  # @return [String] The hexadecimal representation of the hashed data.
+  def self.hash_hex(algorithm, data)
+    hash = hash(algorithm, data)
+    hash.unpack1('H*')
+  end
+
+  # Hashes the input data using the specified algorithm.
+  # @param algorithm [String] The hashing algorithm to use (e.g., SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-512).
+  # @param data [String] The data to hash.
+  # @return [String] The binary hash of the data.
+  # @raise [ArgumentError] If an unsupported algorithm is specified.
+  def self.hash(algorithm, data)
+    case algorithm
+    when Algorithm::SHA1
+      OpenSSL::Digest::SHA1.digest(data)
+    when Algorithm::SHA256
+      OpenSSL::Digest::SHA256.digest(data)
+    when Algorithm::SHA512
+      OpenSSL::Digest::SHA512.digest(data)
+    else
+      raise ArgumentError, "Unsupported algorithm: #{algorithm}"
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Computes the HMAC of the input data using the specified algorithm and key, and returns the hexadecimal representation.
+  # @param algorithm [String] The hashing algorithm to use (e.g., SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-512).
+  # @param data [String] The data to hash.
+  # @param key [String] The key for the HMAC.
+  # @return [String] The hexadecimal representation of the HMAC.
+  def self.hmac_hex(algorithm, data, key)
+    hmac = hmac_hash(algorithm, data, key)
+    hmac.unpack1('H*')
+  end
+
+  # Computes the HMAC of the input data using the specified algorithm and key.
+  # @param algorithm [String] The hashing algorithm to use (e.g., SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-512).
+  # @param data [String] The data to hash.
+  # @param key [String] The key for the HMAC.
+  # @return [String] The binary HMAC of the data.
+  # @raise [ArgumentError] If an unsupported algorithm is specified.
+  def self.hmac_hash(algorithm, data, key)
+    digest_class = case algorithm
+                   when Algorithm::SHA1
+                     OpenSSL::Digest::SHA1
+                   when Algorithm::SHA256
+                     OpenSSL::Digest::SHA256
+                   when Algorithm::SHA512
+                     OpenSSL::Digest::SHA512
+                   else
+                     raise ArgumentError, "Unsupported algorithm: #{algorithm}"
+                   end
+    OpenSSL::HMAC.digest(digest_class.new, key, data)
+  end
+
+  # Creates a challenge for the client to solve based on the provided options.
+  # @param options [ChallengeOptions] Options for generating the challenge.
+  # @return [Challenge] The generated Challenge object.
+  def self.create_challenge(options)
+    algorithm = options.algorithm || DEFAULT_ALGORITHM
+    max_number = options.max_number || DEFAULT_MAX_NUMBER
+    salt_length = options.salt_length || DEFAULT_SALT_LENGTH
+
+    params = options.params || {}
+    params['expires'] = options.expires.to_i if options.expires
+
+    salt = options.salt || random_bytes(salt_length).unpack1('H*')
+    salt += "?#{URI.encode_www_form(params)}" unless params.empty?
+
+    number = options.number || random_int(max_number)
+
+    challenge_str = "#{salt}#{number}"
+    challenge = hash_hex(algorithm, challenge_str)
+    signature = hmac_hex(algorithm, challenge, options.hmac_key)
+
+    Challenge.new.tap do |c|
+      c.algorithm = algorithm
+      c.challenge = challenge
+      c.maxnumber = max_number
+      c.salt = salt
+      c.signature = signature
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Verifies the solution provided by the client.
+  # @param payload [String, Payload] The payload to verify, either as a base64 encoded JSON string or a Payload instance.
+  # @param hmac_key [String] The key used for HMAC verification.
+  # @param check_expires [Boolean] Whether to check if the challenge has expired.
+  # @return [Boolean] True if the solution is valid, false otherwise.
+  def self.verify_solution(payload, hmac_key, check_expires = true)
+    # Attempt to handle payload as a base64 encoded JSON string or as a Payload instance
+
+    # Decode and parse base64 JSON string if it's a String
+    if payload.is_a?(String)
+      decoded_payload = Base64.decode64(payload)
+      payload = JSON.parse(decoded_payload, object_class: Payload)
+    end
+
+    # Ensure payload is an instance of Payload
+    return false unless payload.is_a?(Payload)
+
+    required_attributes = %i[algorithm challenge number salt signature]
+    required_attributes.each do |attr|
+      value = payload.send(attr)
+      return false if value.nil? || value.to_s.strip.empty?
+    end
+
+    # Extract expiration time if checking expiration
+    if check_expires && payload.salt.include?('?')
+      expires = URI.decode_www_form(payload.salt.split('?').last).to_h['expires'].to_i
+      return false if expires && Time.now.to_i > expires
+    end
+
+    # Convert payload to ChallengeOptions
+    challenge_options = ChallengeOptions.new.tap do |co|
+      co.algorithm = payload.algorithm
+      co.hmac_key = hmac_key
+      co.number = payload.number
+      co.salt = payload.salt
+    end
+
+    # Create expected challenge and compare with the provided payload
+    expected_challenge = create_challenge(challenge_options)
+    expected_challenge.challenge == payload.challenge && expected_challenge.signature == payload.signature
+  rescue ArgumentError, JSON::ParserError
+    # Handle specific exceptions for invalid Base64 or JSON
+    false
+  end
+
+  # Extracts parameters from the payload's salt.
+  # @param payload [Payload] The payload containing the salt.
+  # @return [Hash] Parameters extracted from the payload's salt.
+  def self.extract_params(payload)
+    URI.decode_www_form(payload.salt.split('?').last).to_h
+  end
+
+  # Verifies the hash of form fields.
+  # @param form_data [Hash] The form data to verify.
+  # @param fields [Array<String>] The fields to include in the hash.
+  # @param fields_hash [String] The expected hash of the fields.
+  # @param algorithm [String] The hashing algorithm to use.
+  # @return [Boolean] True if the fields hash matches, false otherwise.
+  def self.verify_fields_hash(form_data, fields, fields_hash, algorithm)
+    lines = fields.map { |field| form_data[field].to_a.first.to_s }
+    joined_data = lines.join("\n")
+    computed_hash = hash_hex(algorithm, joined_data)
+    computed_hash == fields_hash
+  end
+
+  # Verifies the server's signature.
+  # @param payload [String, ServerSignaturePayload] The payload to verify, either as a base64 encoded JSON string or a ServerSignaturePayload instance.
+  # @param hmac_key [String] The key used for HMAC verification.
+  # @return [Array<Boolean, ServerSignatureVerificationData>] A tuple where the first element is true if the signature is valid, and the second element is the verification data.
+  def self.verify_server_signature(payload, hmac_key)
+    # Decode and parse base64 JSON string if it's a String
+    if payload.is_a?(String)
+      decoded_payload = Base64.decode64(payload)
+      payload = JSON.parse(decoded_payload, object_class: ServerSignaturePayload)
+    end
+
+    # Ensure payload is an instance of ServerSignaturePayload
+    return [false, nil] unless payload.is_a?(ServerSignaturePayload)
+
+    required_attributes = %i[algorithm verification_data signature verified]
+    required_attributes.each do |attr|
+      value = payload.send(attr)
+      return false if value.nil? || value.to_s.strip.empty?
+    end
+
+    hash_data = hash(payload.algorithm, payload.verification_data)
+    expected_signature = hmac_hex(payload.algorithm, hash_data, hmac_key)
+
+    params = URI.decode_www_form(payload.verification_data).to_h
+    verification_data = ServerSignatureVerificationData.new.tap do |v|
+      v.classification = params['classification'] || nil
+      v.country = params['country'] || nil
+      v.detected_language = params['detectedLanguage'] || nil
+      v.email = params['email'] || nil
+      v.expire = params['expire'] ? params['expire'].to_i : nil
+      v.fields = params['fields'] ? params['fields'].split(',') : nil
+      v.reasons = params['reasons'] ? params['reasons'].split(',') : nil
+      v.score = params['score'] ? params['score'].to_f : nil
+      v.time = params['time'] ? params['time'].to_i : nil
+      v.verified = params['verified'] == 'true'
+    end
+
+    now = Time.now.to_i
+    is_verified = payload.verified &&
+                  verification_data.verified &&
+                  (verification_data.expire.nil? || verification_data.expire > now) &&
+                  payload.signature == expected_signature
+
+    [is_verified, verification_data]
+  rescue ArgumentError, JSON::ParserError => e
+    # Handle specific exceptions for invalid Base64 or JSON
+    puts "Error decoding or parsing payload: #{e.message}"
+    false
+  end
+
+  # Solves a challenge by iterating over possible solutions.
+  # @param challenge [String] The challenge to solve.
+  # @param salt [String] The salt used in the challenge.
+  # @param algorithm [String] The hashing algorithm used.
+  # @param max [Integer] The maximum number to try.
+  # @param start [Integer] The starting number to try.
+  # @return [Solution, nil] The solution if found, or nil if not.
+  def self.solve_challenge(challenge, salt, algorithm, max, start)
+    algorithm ||= Algorithm::SHA256
+    max ||= DEFAULT_MAX_NUMBER
+    start ||= 0
+
+    start_time = Time.now
+
+    (start..max).each do |n|
+      hash = hash_hex(algorithm, "#{salt}#{n}")
+      if hash == challenge
+        return Solution.new.tap do |s|
+          s.number = n
+          s.took = Time.now - start_time
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    nil
+  end
+end

metadata

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+--- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
+name: altcha
+version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+  version: 0.1.0
+platform: ruby
+authors:
+- Daniel Regeci
+autorequire:
+bindir: exe
+cert_chain: []
+date: 2024-08-03 00:00:00.000000000 Z
+dependencies:
+- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
+  name: bundler
+  requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '2.5'
+  type: :development
+  prerelease: false
+  version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '2.5'
+- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
+  name: rake
+  requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '10.0'
+  type: :development
+  prerelease: false
+  version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '10.0'
+- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
+  name: rspec
+  requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '3.0'
+  type: :development
+  prerelease: false
+  version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '3.0'
+description: A lightweight library for creating and verifying ALTCHA challenges.
+email:
+executables: []
+extensions: []
+extra_rdoc_files: []
+files:
+- ".gitignore"
+- ".rspec"
+- Gemfile
+- Gemfile.lock
+- LICENSE.txt
+- README.md
+- Rakefile
+- altcha.gemspec
+- bin/console
+- bin/setup
+- lib/altcha.rb
+- lib/altcha/version.rb
+homepage: https://altcha.org
+licenses:
+- MIT
+metadata: {}
+post_install_message:
+rdoc_options: []
+require_paths:
+- lib
+required_ruby_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+  requirements:
+  - - ">="
+    - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+      version: '0'
+required_rubygems_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+  requirements:
+  - - ">="
+    - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+      version: '0'
+requirements: []
+rubygems_version: 3.5.11
+signing_key:
+specification_version: 4
+summary: ALTCHA Library
+test_files: []