ai4r 1.0

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Files changed (196) hide show
  1. data/README.rdoc +48 -0
  2. data/examples/decision_trees/data_set.csv +121 -0
  3. data/examples/decision_trees/id3_example.rb +31 -0
  4. data/examples/decision_trees/results.txt +29 -0
  5. data/examples/genetic_algorithm/genetic_algorithm_example.rb +39 -0
  6. data/examples/genetic_algorithm/travel_cost.csv +16 -0
  7. data/examples/neural_network/backpropagation_example.rb +65 -0
  8. data/examples/neural_network/patterns_with_base_noise.rb +68 -0
  9. data/examples/neural_network/patterns_with_noise.rb +66 -0
  10. data/examples/neural_network/training_patterns.rb +68 -0
  11. data/lib/decision_tree/id3.rb +354 -0
  12. data/lib/genetic_algorithm/genetic_algorithm.rb +268 -0
  13. data/lib/neural_network/backpropagation.rb +259 -0
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  16. data/site/build/site/en/downloads.pdf +151 -0
  17. data/site/build/site/en/geneticAlgorithms.html +564 -0
  18. data/site/build/site/en/geneticAlgorithms.pdf +911 -0
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  43. data/site/build/site/en/machineLearning.html +325 -0
  44. data/site/build/site/en/machineLearning.pdf +337 -0
  45. data/site/build/site/en/neuralNetworks.html +446 -0
  46. data/site/build/site/en/neuralNetworks.pdf +604 -0
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  135. data/site/src/documentation/content/xdocs/geneticAlgorithms.xml +280 -0
  136. data/site/src/documentation/content/xdocs/index.xml +73 -0
  137. data/site/src/documentation/content/xdocs/machineLearning.xml +129 -0
  138. data/site/src/documentation/content/xdocs/neuralNetworks.xml +218 -0
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  192. data/test/decision_tree/id3_test.rb +209 -0
  193. data/test/genetic_algorithm/chromosome_test.rb +55 -0
  194. data/test/genetic_algorithm/genetic_algorithm_test.rb +78 -0
  195. data/test/neural_network/backpropagation_test.rb +44 -0
  196. metadata +274 -0
data/site/build/site/en/linkmap.html ADDED
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+ <div class="projectlogoA1">
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+ <a href="http://ai4r.rubyforge.org/"><img class="logoImage" alt="ai4r" src="images/ai4r-logo.png" title="Artificial Intelligence for Ruby"></a>
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+ PDF</a>
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+ <h1>Machine Learning with ID3 Decision Trees in Ruby</h1>
143
+ <div id="minitoc-area">
144
+ <ul class="minitoc">
145
+ <li>
146
+ <a href="#mach-intro">Introduction to ID3 algorithm</a>
147
+ </li>
148
+ <li>
149
+ <a href="#mach-HowTo">Marketing target strategy example using ID3 Decision Trees in Ruby</a>
150
+ </li>
151
+ <li>
152
+ <a href="#mach-dataload">Better data loading</a>
153
+ </li>
154
+ <li>
155
+ <a href="#mach-eval">A good tip for data evaluation</a>
156
+ </li>
157
+ <li>
158
+ <a href="#mach-more">More about ID3 and decision trees</a>
159
+ </li>
160
+ </ul>
161
+ </div>
162
+
163
+ <a name="N1000C"></a><a name="mach-intro"></a>
164
+ <h2 class="boxed">Introduction to ID3 algorithm</h2>
165
+ <div class="section">
166
+ <p>
167
+ This is an implementation of the ID3 algorithm (Quinlan).
168
+ Given a set of preclassified examples, it builds a top-down
169
+ induction of decision tree, biased by the information gain and
170
+ entropy measure.
171
+ </p>
172
+ <p>
173
+ The good thing about this learning method is that humans learns as well.
174
+ Unlike other ai techniques like nueral networks, this class can
175
+ generate ruby code with if / else sentences. You
176
+ can use this to evaluate parameters on realtime, copy paste them in a
177
+ code, or just read them to learn about your problem domain.
178
+ </p>
179
+ </div>
180
+
181
+
182
+ <a name="N10019"></a><a name="mach-HowTo"></a>
183
+ <h2 class="boxed">Marketing target strategy example using ID3 Decision Trees in Ruby</h2>
184
+ <div class="section">
185
+ <p>Let's suppose that you are writtng an application that must identify people as relevant marketing targets or not. The only information that you have es collection of examples:</p>
186
+ <pre class="code">
187
+
188
+ DATA_LABELS = [ 'city', 'age_range', 'gender', 'marketing_target' ]
189
+
190
+ DATA_SET = [
191
+ ['New York', '&lt;30', 'M', 'Y'],
192
+ ['Chicago', '&lt;30', 'M', 'Y'],
193
+ ['Chicago', '&lt;30', 'F', 'Y'],
194
+ ['New York', '&lt;30', 'M', 'Y'],
195
+ ['New York', '&lt;30', 'M', 'Y'],
196
+ ['Chicago', '[30-50)', 'M', 'Y'],
197
+ ['New York', '[30-50)', 'F', 'N'],
198
+ ['Chicago', '[30-50)', 'F', 'Y'],
199
+ ['New York', '[30-50)', 'F', 'N'],
200
+ ['Chicago', '[50-80]', 'M', 'N'],
201
+ ['New York', '[50-80]', 'F', 'N'],
202
+ ['New York', '[50-80]', 'M', 'N'],
203
+ ['Chicago', '[50-80]', 'M', 'N'],
204
+ ['New York', '[50-80]', 'F', 'N'],
205
+ ['Chicago', '&gt;80', 'F', 'Y']
206
+ ]
207
+
208
+ </pre>
209
+ <p>You can create an ID3 Decision tree to do the dirty job for you:</p>
210
+ <pre class="code">
211
+
212
+ id3 = DecisionTree::ID3.new(DATA_SET, DATA_LABELS)
213
+
214
+ </pre>
215
+ <p>The Decision tree will automatically create the "rules" to parse new data,
216
+ and identify new posible marketing targets:</p>
217
+ <pre class="code">
218
+
219
+ id3.to_s
220
+ # =&gt; if age_range=='&lt;30' then marketing_target='Y'
221
+ elsif age_range=='[30-50)' and city=='Chicago' then marketing_target='Y'
222
+ elsif age_range=='[30-50)' and city=='New York' then marketing_target='N'
223
+ elsif age_range=='[50-80]' then marketing_target='N'
224
+ elsif age_range=='&gt;80' then marketing_target='Y'
225
+ else raise 'There was not enough information during training to do a proper induction for this data element' end
226
+
227
+ id3.eval(['New York', '&lt;30', 'M'])
228
+ # =&gt; 'Y'
229
+
230
+ </pre>
231
+ </div>
232
+
233
+
234
+ <a name="N10035"></a><a name="mach-dataload"></a>
235
+ <h2 class="boxed">Better data loading</h2>
236
+ <div class="section">
237
+ <p>
238
+ In the real life you will use lot more data training examples,
239
+ with more attributes.
240
+ Consider moving your data to an external CSV (comma separate values) file.
241
+ </p>
242
+ <pre class="code">
243
+
244
+ data_set = []
245
+ CSV::Reader.parse(File.open("#{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/data_set.csv", 'r')) do |row|
246
+ data_set &lt;&lt; row
247
+ end
248
+ data_labels = data_set.shift
249
+
250
+ id3 = DecisionTree::ID3.new(data_set, data_labels)
251
+ </pre>
252
+ </div>
253
+
254
+
255
+ <a name="N10043"></a><a name="mach-eval"></a>
256
+ <h2 class="boxed">A good tip for data evaluation</h2>
257
+ <div class="section">
258
+ <p>
259
+ The ID3 class provides a method to evaluate new data.
260
+ </p>
261
+ <pre class="code">
262
+
263
+ id3.eval(['New York', '&lt;30', 'M'])
264
+ # =&gt; 'Y'
265
+ </pre>
266
+ <p>
267
+ But instead of going through the tree every time, you can take advantage of the fact that the method "to_s" generates proper ruby code!
268
+ </p>
269
+ <pre class="code">
270
+
271
+ id3 = DecisionTree::ID3.new(DATA_SET, DATA_LABELS)
272
+ age_range = '&lt;30'
273
+ city = 'New York'
274
+ gender = 'M'
275
+ marketing_target = nil
276
+ eval id3.to_s
277
+ puts marketing_target
278
+ # =&gt; 'Y'
279
+ </pre>
280
+ </div>
281
+
282
+
283
+ <a name="N10058"></a><a name="mach-more"></a>
284
+ <h2 class="boxed">More about ID3 and decision trees</h2>
285
+ <div class="section">
286
+ <p>
287
+
288
+ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision_tree">Wikipedia article on Decision trees</a>
289
+ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ID3_algorithm">Wikipedia article on ID3 Algorithm</a>
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+
291
+ </p>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <!--+
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