activesupport 7.1.0 → 7.2.0

data/lib/active_support/array_inquirer.rb

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
         name.end_with?("?") || super
       end
 
-      def method_missing(name, *args)
+      def method_missing(name, ...)
         if name.end_with?("?")
           any?(name[0..-2])
         else

data/lib/active_support/backtrace_cleaner.rb

@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ module ActiveSupport
   # can focus on the rest.
   #
   #   bc = ActiveSupport::BacktraceCleaner.new
-  #   bc.add_filter   { |line| line.gsub(Rails.root.to_s, '') } # strip the Rails.root prefix
+  #   root = "#{Rails.root}/"
+  #   bc.add_filter   { |line| line.start_with?(root) ? line.from(root.size) : line } # strip the Rails.root prefix
   #   bc.add_silencer { |line| /puma|rubygems/.match?(line) } # skip any lines from puma or rubygems
   #   bc.clean(exception.backtrace) # perform the cleanup
   #
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
   class BacktraceCleaner
     def initialize
       @filters, @silencers = [], []
+      add_core_silencer
       add_gem_filter
       add_gem_silencer
       add_stdlib_silencer
@@ -75,8 +77,9 @@ module ActiveSupport
     # Adds a filter from the block provided. Each line in the backtrace will be
     # mapped against this filter.
     #
-    #   # Will turn "/my/rails/root/app/models/person.rb" into "/app/models/person.rb"
-    #   backtrace_cleaner.add_filter { |line| line.gsub(Rails.root.to_s, '') }
+    #   # Will turn "/my/rails/root/app/models/person.rb" into "app/models/person.rb"
+    #   root = "#{Rails.root}/"
+    #   backtrace_cleaner.add_filter { |line| line.start_with?(root) ? line.from(root.size) : line }
     def add_filter(&block)
       @filters << block
     end
@@ -107,6 +110,11 @@ module ActiveSupport
     private
       FORMATTED_GEMS_PATTERN = /\A[^\/]+ \([\w.]+\) /
 
+      def initialize_copy(_other)
+        @filters = @filters.dup
+        @silencers = @silencers.dup
+      end
+
       def add_gem_filter
         gems_paths = (Gem.path | [Gem.default_dir]).map { |p| Regexp.escape(p) }
         return if gems_paths.empty?
@@ -116,6 +124,10 @@ module ActiveSupport
         add_filter { |line| line.sub(gems_regexp, gems_result) }
       end
 
+      def add_core_silencer
+        add_silencer { |line| line.include?("<internal:") }
+      end
+
       def add_gem_silencer
         add_silencer { |line| FORMATTED_GEMS_PATTERN.match?(line) }
       end

data/lib/active_support/broadcast_logger.rb

@@ -51,6 +51,26 @@ module ActiveSupport
   #
   #   broadcast = BroadcastLogger.new
   #   broadcast.info("Hello world") # The log message will appear nowhere.
+  #
+  # If you are adding a custom logger with custom methods to the broadcast,
+  # the `BroadcastLogger` will proxy them and return the raw value, or an array
+  # of raw values, depending on how many loggers in the broadcasts responded to
+  # the method:
+  #
+  #   class MyLogger < ::Logger
+  #     def loggable?
+  #       true
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   logger = BroadcastLogger.new
+  #   logger.loggable? # => A NoMethodError exception is raised because no loggers in the broadcasts could respond.
+  #
+  #   logger.broadcast_to(MyLogger.new(STDOUT))
+  #   logger.loggable? # => true
+  #   logger.broadcast_to(MyLogger.new(STDOUT))
+  #   puts logger.broadcasts # => [MyLogger, MyLogger]
+  #   logger.loggable? # [true, true]
   class BroadcastLogger
     include ActiveSupport::LoggerSilence
 
@@ -198,20 +218,29 @@ module ActiveSupport
       dispatch { |logger| logger.fatal! }
     end
 
+    def initialize_copy(other)
+      @broadcasts = []
+      @progname = other.progname.dup
+      @formatter = other.formatter.dup
+
+      broadcast_to(*other.broadcasts.map(&:dup))
+    end
+
     private
       def dispatch(&block)
         @broadcasts.each { |logger| block.call(logger) }
+        true
       end
 
-      def method_missing(name, *args, &block)
+      def method_missing(name, ...)
         loggers = @broadcasts.select { |logger| logger.respond_to?(name) }
 
         if loggers.none?
-          super(name, *args, &block)
+          super
         elsif loggers.one?
-          loggers.first.send(name, *args, &block)
+          loggers.first.send(name, ...)
         else
-          loggers.map { |logger| logger.send(name, *args, &block) }
+          loggers.map { |logger| logger.send(name, ...) }
         end
       end
 

data/lib/active_support/cache/entry.rb

@@ -121,7 +121,13 @@ module ActiveSupport
 
       private
         def uncompress(value)
-          Marshal.load(Zlib::Inflate.inflate(value))
+          marshal_load(Zlib::Inflate.inflate(value))
+        end
+
+        def marshal_load(payload)
+          Marshal.load(payload)
+        rescue ArgumentError => error
+          raise Cache::DeserializationError, error.message
         end
     end
   end

data/lib/active_support/cache/file_store.rb

@@ -78,8 +78,9 @@ module ActiveSupport
 
       def delete_matched(matcher, options = nil)
         options = merged_options(options)
+        matcher = key_matcher(matcher, options)
+
         instrument(:delete_matched, matcher.inspect) do
-          matcher = key_matcher(matcher, options)
           search_dir(cache_path) do |path|
             key = file_path_key(path)
             delete_entry(path, **options) if key.match(matcher)
@@ -176,7 +177,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
 
         # Translate a file path into a key.
         def file_path_key(path)
-          fname = path[cache_path.to_s.size..-1].split(File::SEPARATOR, 4).last
+          fname = path[cache_path.to_s.size..-1].split(File::SEPARATOR, 4).last.delete(File::SEPARATOR)
           URI.decode_www_form_component(fname, Encoding::UTF_8)
         end
 
@@ -209,18 +210,22 @@ module ActiveSupport
         # Modifies the amount of an integer value that is stored in the cache.
         # If the key is not found it is created and set to +amount+.
         def modify_value(name, amount, options)
-          file_name = normalize_key(name, options)
+          options = merged_options(options)
+          key = normalize_key(name, options)
+          version = normalize_version(name, options)
+          amount = Integer(amount)
 
-          lock_file(file_name) do
-            options = merged_options(options)
+          lock_file(key) do
+            entry = read_entry(key, **options)
 
-            if num = read(name, options)
-              num = num.to_i + amount
-              write(name, num, options)
-              num
-            else
-              write(name, Integer(amount), options)
+            if !entry || entry.expired? || entry.mismatched?(version)
+              write(name, amount, options)
               amount
+            else
+              num = entry.value.to_i + amount
+              entry = Entry.new(num, expires_at: entry.expires_at, version: entry.version)
+              write_entry(key, entry)
+              num
             end
           end
         end

data/lib/active_support/cache/mem_cache_store.rb

@@ -24,11 +24,11 @@ module ActiveSupport
     #
     # Special features:
     # - Clustering and load balancing. One can specify multiple memcached servers,
-    #   and MemCacheStore will load balance between all available servers. If a
-    #   server goes down, then MemCacheStore will ignore it until it comes back up.
+    #   and +MemCacheStore+ will load balance between all available servers. If a
+    #   server goes down, then +MemCacheStore+ will ignore it until it comes back up.
     #
-    # MemCacheStore implements the Strategy::LocalCache strategy which implements
-    # an in-memory cache inside of a block.
+    # +MemCacheStore+ implements the Strategy::LocalCache strategy which
+    # implements an in-memory cache inside of a block.
     class MemCacheStore < Store
       # These options represent behavior overridden by this implementation and should
       # not be allowed to get down to the Dalli client
@@ -41,46 +41,6 @@ module ActiveSupport
 
       prepend Strategy::LocalCache
 
-      module DupLocalCache
-        class DupLocalStore < DelegateClass(Strategy::LocalCache::LocalStore)
-          def write_entry(_key, entry)
-            if entry.is_a?(Entry)
-              entry.dup_value!
-            end
-            super
-          end
-
-          def fetch_entry(key)
-            entry = super do
-              new_entry = yield
-              if entry.is_a?(Entry)
-                new_entry.dup_value!
-              end
-              new_entry
-            end
-            entry = entry.dup
-
-            if entry.is_a?(Entry)
-              entry.dup_value!
-            end
-
-            entry
-          end
-        end
-
-        private
-          def local_cache
-            if ActiveSupport::Cache.format_version == 6.1
-              if local_cache = super
-                DupLocalStore.new(local_cache)
-              end
-            else
-              super
-            end
-          end
-      end
-      prepend DupLocalCache
-
       KEY_MAX_SIZE = 250
       ESCAPE_KEY_CHARS = /[\x00-\x20%\x7F-\xFF]/n
 
@@ -106,15 +66,14 @@ module ActiveSupport
         end
       end
 
-      # Creates a new MemCacheStore object, with the given memcached server
+      # Creates a new +MemCacheStore+ object, with the given memcached server
       # addresses. Each address is either a host name, or a host-with-port string
       # in the form of "host_name:port". For example:
       #
       #   ActiveSupport::Cache::MemCacheStore.new("localhost", "server-downstairs.localnetwork:8229")
       #
       # If no addresses are provided, but <tt>ENV['MEMCACHE_SERVERS']</tt> is defined, it will be used instead. Otherwise,
-      # MemCacheStore will connect to localhost:11211 (the default memcached port).
-      # Passing a +Dalli::Client+ instance is deprecated and will be removed. Please pass an address instead.
+      # +MemCacheStore+ will connect to localhost:11211 (the default memcached port).
       def initialize(*addresses)
         addresses = addresses.flatten
         options = addresses.extract_options!
@@ -126,19 +85,12 @@ module ActiveSupport
         unless [String, Dalli::Client, NilClass].include?(addresses.first.class)
           raise ArgumentError, "First argument must be an empty array, address, or array of addresses."
         end
-        if addresses.first.is_a?(Dalli::Client)
-          ActiveSupport.deprecator.warn(<<~MSG)
-            Initializing MemCacheStore with a Dalli::Client is deprecated and will be removed in Rails 7.2.
-            Use memcached server addresses instead.
-          MSG
-          @data = addresses.first
-        else
-          @mem_cache_options = options.dup
-          # The value "compress: false" prevents duplicate compression within Dalli.
-          @mem_cache_options[:compress] = false
-          (OVERRIDDEN_OPTIONS - %i(compress)).each { |name| @mem_cache_options.delete(name) }
-          @data = self.class.build_mem_cache(*(addresses + [@mem_cache_options]))
-        end
+
+        @mem_cache_options = options.dup
+        # The value "compress: false" prevents duplicate compression within Dalli.
+        @mem_cache_options[:compress] = false
+        (OVERRIDDEN_OPTIONS - %i(compress)).each { |name| @mem_cache_options.delete(name) }
+        @data = self.class.build_mem_cache(*(addresses + [@mem_cache_options]))
       end
 
       def inspect
@@ -179,9 +131,11 @@ module ActiveSupport
       # <tt>raw: true</tt>, will fail and return +nil+.
       def increment(name, amount = 1, options = nil)
         options = merged_options(options)
-        instrument(:increment, name, amount: amount) do
+        key = normalize_key(name, options)
+
+        instrument(:increment, key, amount: amount) do
           rescue_error_with nil do
-            @data.with { |c| c.incr(normalize_key(name, options), amount, options[:expires_in], amount) }
+            @data.with { |c| c.incr(key, amount, options[:expires_in], amount) }
           end
         end
       end
@@ -203,9 +157,11 @@ module ActiveSupport
       # <tt>raw: true</tt>, will fail and return +nil+.
       def decrement(name, amount = 1, options = nil)
         options = merged_options(options)
-        instrument(:decrement, name, amount: amount) do
+        key = normalize_key(name, options)
+
+        instrument(:decrement, key, amount: amount) do
           rescue_error_with nil do
-            @data.with { |c| c.decr(normalize_key(name, options), amount, options[:expires_in], 0) }
+            @data.with { |c| c.decr(key, amount, options[:expires_in], 0) }
           end
         end
       end
@@ -222,20 +178,6 @@ module ActiveSupport
       end
 
       private
-        def default_serializer
-          if Cache.format_version == 6.1
-            ActiveSupport.deprecator.warn <<~EOM
-              Support for `config.active_support.cache_format_version = 6.1` has been deprecated and will be removed in Rails 7.2.
-
-              Check the Rails upgrade guide at https://guides.rubyonrails.org/upgrading_ruby_on_rails.html#new-activesupport-cache-serialization-format
-              for more information on how to upgrade.
-            EOM
-            Cache::SerializerWithFallback[:passthrough]
-          else
-            super
-          end
-        end
-
         # Read an entry from the cache.
         def read_entry(key, **options)
           deserialize_entry(read_serialized_entry(key, **options), **options)
@@ -259,10 +201,10 @@ module ActiveSupport
             # Set the memcache expire a few minutes in the future to support race condition ttls on read
             expires_in += 5.minutes
           end
-          rescue_error_with false do
+          rescue_error_with nil do
             # Don't pass compress option to Dalli since we are already dealing with compression.
             options.delete(:compress)
-            @data.with { |c| c.send(method, key, payload, expires_in, **options) }
+            @data.with { |c| !!c.send(method, key, payload, expires_in, **options) }
           end
         end
 
@@ -270,14 +212,22 @@ module ActiveSupport
         def read_multi_entries(names, **options)
           keys_to_names = names.index_by { |name| normalize_key(name, options) }
 
-          raw_values = @data.with { |c| c.get_multi(keys_to_names.keys) }
+          raw_values = begin
+            @data.with { |c| c.get_multi(keys_to_names.keys) }
+          rescue Dalli::UnmarshalError
+            {}
+          end
+
           values = {}
 
           raw_values.each do |key, value|
             entry = deserialize_entry(value, raw: options[:raw])
 
             unless entry.nil? || entry.expired? || entry.mismatched?(normalize_version(keys_to_names[key], options))
-              values[keys_to_names[key]] = entry.value
+              begin
+                values[keys_to_names[key]] = entry.value
+              rescue DeserializationError
+              end
             end
           end
 

data/lib/active_support/cache/memory_store.rb

@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@ module ActiveSupport
     # a cleanup will occur which tries to prune the cache down to three quarters
     # of the maximum size by removing the least recently used entries.
     #
-    # Unlike other Cache store implementations, MemoryStore does not compress
-    # values by default. MemoryStore does not benefit from compression as much
+    # Unlike other Cache store implementations, +MemoryStore+ does not compress
+    # values by default. +MemoryStore+ does not benefit from compression as much
     # as other Store implementations, as it does not send data over a network.
     # However, when compression is enabled, it still pays the full cost of
     # compression in terms of cpu use.
     #
-    # MemoryStore is thread-safe.
+    # +MemoryStore+ is thread-safe.
     class MemoryStore < Store
       module DupCoder # :nodoc:
         extend self
@@ -168,8 +168,9 @@ module ActiveSupport
       # Deletes cache entries if the cache key matches a given pattern.
       def delete_matched(matcher, options = nil)
         options = merged_options(options)
+        matcher = key_matcher(matcher, options)
+
         instrument(:delete_matched, matcher.inspect) do
-          matcher = key_matcher(matcher, options)
           keys = synchronize { @data.keys }
           keys.each do |key|
             delete_entry(key, **options) if key.match(matcher)
@@ -209,7 +210,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
         def write_entry(key, entry, **options)
           payload = serialize_entry(entry, **options)
           synchronize do
-            return false if options[:unless_exist] && exist?(key)
+            return false if options[:unless_exist] && exist?(key, namespace: nil)
 
             old_payload = @data[key]
             if old_payload
@@ -238,16 +239,18 @@ module ActiveSupport
           key     = normalize_key(name, options)
           version = normalize_version(name, options)
 
-          entry = read_entry(key, **options)
+          synchronize do
+            entry = read_entry(key, **options)
 
-          if !entry || entry.expired? || entry.mismatched?(version)
-            write(name, Integer(amount), options)
-            amount
-          else
-            num = entry.value.to_i + amount
-            entry = Entry.new(num, expires_at: entry.expires_at, version: entry.version)
-            write_entry(key, entry)
-            num
+            if !entry || entry.expired? || entry.mismatched?(version)
+              write(name, Integer(amount), options)
+              amount
+            else
+              num = entry.value.to_i + amount
+              entry = Entry.new(num, expires_at: entry.expires_at, version: entry.version)
+              write_entry(key, entry)
+              num
+            end
           end
         end
     end

data/lib/active_support/cache/redis_cache_store.rb

@@ -19,22 +19,23 @@ module ActiveSupport
   module Cache
     # = Redis \Cache \Store
     #
-    # Deployment note: Take care to use a *dedicated Redis cache* rather
-    # than pointing this at your existing Redis server. It won't cope well
-    # with mixed usage patterns and it won't expire cache entries by default.
+    # Deployment note: Take care to use a <b>dedicated Redis cache</b> rather
+    # than pointing this at a persistent Redis server (for example, one used as
+    # an Active Job queue). Redis won't cope well with mixed usage patterns and it
+    # won't expire cache entries by default.
     #
     # Redis cache server setup guide: https://redis.io/topics/lru-cache
     #
-    # * Supports vanilla Redis, hiredis, and Redis::Distributed.
-    # * Supports Memcached-like sharding across Redises with Redis::Distributed.
+    # * Supports vanilla Redis, hiredis, and +Redis::Distributed+.
+    # * Supports Memcached-like sharding across Redises with +Redis::Distributed+.
     # * Fault tolerant. If the Redis server is unavailable, no exceptions are
     #   raised. Cache fetches are all misses and writes are dropped.
     # * Local cache. Hot in-memory primary cache within block/middleware scope.
-    # * +read_multi+ and +write_multi+ support for Redis mget/mset. Use Redis::Distributed
-    #   4.0.1+ for distributed mget support.
+    # * +read_multi+ and +write_multi+ support for Redis mget/mset. Use
+    #   +Redis::Distributed+ 4.0.1+ for distributed mget support.
     # * +delete_matched+ support for Redis KEYS globs.
     class RedisCacheStore < Store
-      # Keys are truncated with the ActiveSupport digest if they exceed 1kB
+      # Keys are truncated with the Active Support digest if they exceed 1kB
       MAX_KEY_BYTESIZE = 1024
 
       DEFAULT_REDIS_OPTIONS = {
@@ -110,8 +111,11 @@ module ActiveSupport
 
       # Creates a new Redis cache store.
       #
-      # Handles four options: :redis block, :redis instance, single :url
-      # string, and multiple :url strings.
+      # There are four ways to provide the Redis client used by the cache: the
+      # +:redis+ param can be a Redis instance or a block that returns a Redis
+      # instance, or the +:url+ param can be a string or an array of strings
+      # which will be used to create a Redis instance or a +Redis::Distributed+
+      # instance.
       #
       #   Option  Class       Result
       #   :redis  Proc    ->  options[:redis].call
@@ -134,7 +138,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
       #
       # Race condition TTL is not set by default. This can be used to avoid
       # "thundering herd" cache writes when hot cache entries are expired.
-      # See <tt>ActiveSupport::Cache::Store#fetch</tt> for more.
+      # See ActiveSupport::Cache::Store#fetch for more.
       #
       # Setting <tt>skip_nil: true</tt> will not cache nil results:
       #
@@ -192,12 +196,13 @@ module ActiveSupport
       #
       # Failsafe: Raises errors.
       def delete_matched(matcher, options = nil)
-        instrument :delete_matched, matcher do
-          unless String === matcher
-            raise ArgumentError, "Only Redis glob strings are supported: #{matcher.inspect}"
-          end
+        unless String === matcher
+          raise ArgumentError, "Only Redis glob strings are supported: #{matcher.inspect}"
+        end
+        pattern = namespace_key(matcher, options)
+
+        instrument :delete_matched, pattern do
           redis.then do |c|
-            pattern = namespace_key(matcher, options)
             cursor = "0"
             # Fetch keys in batches using SCAN to avoid blocking the Redis server.
             nodes = c.respond_to?(:nodes) ? c.nodes : [c]
@@ -230,10 +235,11 @@ module ActiveSupport
       #
       # Failsafe: Raises errors.
       def increment(name, amount = 1, options = nil)
-        instrument :increment, name, amount: amount do
+        options = merged_options(options)
+        key = normalize_key(name, options)
+
+        instrument :increment, key, amount: amount do
           failsafe :increment do
-            options = merged_options(options)
-            key = normalize_key(name, options)
             change_counter(key, amount, options)
           end
         end
@@ -242,7 +248,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
       # Decrement a cached integer value using the Redis decrby atomic operator.
       # Returns the updated value.
       #
-      # If the key is unset or has expired, it will be set to -amount:
+      # If the key is unset or has expired, it will be set to +-amount+:
       #
       #   cache.decrement("foo") # => -1
       #
@@ -256,10 +262,11 @@ module ActiveSupport
       #
       # Failsafe: Raises errors.
       def decrement(name, amount = 1, options = nil)
-        instrument :decrement, name, amount: amount do
+        options = merged_options(options)
+        key = normalize_key(name, options)
+
+        instrument :decrement, key, amount: amount do
           failsafe :decrement do
-            options = merged_options(options)
-            key = normalize_key(name, options)
             change_counter(key, -amount, options)
           end
         end
@@ -332,7 +339,10 @@ module ActiveSupport
             if value
               entry = deserialize_entry(value, raw: raw)
               unless entry.nil? || entry.expired? || entry.mismatched?(normalize_version(name, options))
-                results[name] = entry.value
+                begin
+                  results[name] = entry.value
+                rescue DeserializationError
+                end
               end
             end
           end
@@ -362,8 +372,8 @@ module ActiveSupport
           if pipeline
             pipeline.set(key, payload, **modifiers)
           else
-            failsafe :write_entry, returning: false do
-              redis.then { |c| c.set key, payload, **modifiers }
+            failsafe :write_entry, returning: nil do
+              redis.then { |c| !!c.set(key, payload, **modifiers) }
             end
           end
         end
@@ -383,7 +393,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
         end
 
         # Nonstandard store provider API to write multiple values at once.
-        def write_multi_entries(entries, expires_in: nil, race_condition_ttl: nil, **options)
+        def write_multi_entries(entries, **options)
           return if entries.empty?
 
           failsafe :write_multi_entries do
@@ -438,18 +448,26 @@ module ActiveSupport
           redis.then do |c|
             c = c.node_for(key) if c.is_a?(Redis::Distributed)
 
-            if options[:expires_in] && supports_expire_nx?
-              c.pipelined do |pipeline|
-                pipeline.incrby(key, amount)
-                pipeline.call(:expire, key, options[:expires_in].to_i, "NX")
-              end.first
+            expires_in = options[:expires_in]
+
+            if expires_in
+              if supports_expire_nx?
+                count, _ = c.pipelined do |pipeline|
+                  pipeline.incrby(key, amount)
+                  pipeline.call(:expire, key, expires_in.to_i, "NX")
+                end
+              else
+                count, ttl = c.pipelined do |pipeline|
+                  pipeline.incrby(key, amount)
+                  pipeline.ttl(key)
+                end
+                c.expire(key, expires_in.to_i) if ttl < 0
+              end
             else
               count = c.incrby(key, amount)
-              if count != amount && options[:expires_in] && c.ttl(key) < 0
-                c.expire(key, options[:expires_in].to_i)
-              end
-              count
             end
+
+            count
           end
         end
 

data/lib/active_support/cache/serializer_with_fallback.rb

@@ -63,28 +63,6 @@ module ActiveSupport
           end
         end
 
-        module Marshal61WithFallback
-          include SerializerWithFallback
-          extend self
-
-          MARSHAL_SIGNATURE = "\x04\x08".b.freeze
-
-          def dump(entry)
-            Marshal.dump(entry)
-          end
-
-          def dump_compressed(entry, threshold)
-            Marshal.dump(entry.compressed(threshold))
-          end
-
-          alias_method :_load, :marshal_load
-          public :_load
-
-          def dumped?(dumped)
-            dumped.start_with?(MARSHAL_SIGNATURE)
-          end
-        end
-
         module Marshal70WithFallback
           include SerializerWithFallback
           extend self
@@ -165,7 +143,6 @@ module ActiveSupport
 
         SERIALIZERS = {
           passthrough: PassthroughWithFallback,
-          marshal_6_1: Marshal61WithFallback,
           marshal_7_0: Marshal70WithFallback,
           marshal_7_1: Marshal71WithFallback,
           message_pack: MessagePackWithFallback,