activesupport 6.0.0

data/lib/active_support/core_ext/time/zones.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "active_support/time_with_zone"
+require "active_support/core_ext/time/acts_like"
+require "active_support/core_ext/date_and_time/zones"
+
+class Time
+  include DateAndTime::Zones
+  class << self
+    attr_accessor :zone_default
+
+    # Returns the TimeZone for the current request, if this has been set (via Time.zone=).
+    # If <tt>Time.zone</tt> has not been set for the current request, returns the TimeZone specified in <tt>config.time_zone</tt>.
+    def zone
+      Thread.current[:time_zone] || zone_default
+    end
+
+    # Sets <tt>Time.zone</tt> to a TimeZone object for the current request/thread.
+    #
+    # This method accepts any of the following:
+    #
+    # * A Rails TimeZone object.
+    # * An identifier for a Rails TimeZone object (e.g., "Eastern Time (US & Canada)", <tt>-5.hours</tt>).
+    # * A TZInfo::Timezone object.
+    # * An identifier for a TZInfo::Timezone object (e.g., "America/New_York").
+    #
+    # Here's an example of how you might set <tt>Time.zone</tt> on a per request basis and reset it when the request is done.
+    # <tt>current_user.time_zone</tt> just needs to return a string identifying the user's preferred time zone:
+    #
+    #   class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
+    #     around_action :set_time_zone
+    #
+    #     def set_time_zone
+    #       if logged_in?
+    #         Time.use_zone(current_user.time_zone) { yield }
+    #       else
+    #         yield
+    #       end
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    def zone=(time_zone)
+      Thread.current[:time_zone] = find_zone!(time_zone)
+    end
+
+    # Allows override of <tt>Time.zone</tt> locally inside supplied block;
+    # resets <tt>Time.zone</tt> to existing value when done.
+    #
+    #   class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
+    #     around_action :set_time_zone
+    #
+    #     private
+    #
+    #     def set_time_zone
+    #       Time.use_zone(current_user.timezone) { yield }
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    #
+    # NOTE: This won't affect any <tt>ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone</tt>
+    # objects that have already been created, e.g. any model timestamp
+    # attributes that have been read before the block will remain in
+    # the application's default timezone.
+    def use_zone(time_zone)
+      new_zone = find_zone!(time_zone)
+      begin
+        old_zone, ::Time.zone = ::Time.zone, new_zone
+        yield
+      ensure
+        ::Time.zone = old_zone
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Returns a TimeZone instance matching the time zone provided.
+    # Accepts the time zone in any format supported by <tt>Time.zone=</tt>.
+    # Raises an +ArgumentError+ for invalid time zones.
+    #
+    #   Time.find_zone! "America/New_York" # => #<ActiveSupport::TimeZone @name="America/New_York" ...>
+    #   Time.find_zone! "EST"              # => #<ActiveSupport::TimeZone @name="EST" ...>
+    #   Time.find_zone! -5.hours           # => #<ActiveSupport::TimeZone @name="Bogota" ...>
+    #   Time.find_zone! nil                # => nil
+    #   Time.find_zone! false              # => false
+    #   Time.find_zone! "NOT-A-TIMEZONE"   # => ArgumentError: Invalid Timezone: NOT-A-TIMEZONE
+    def find_zone!(time_zone)
+      if !time_zone || time_zone.is_a?(ActiveSupport::TimeZone)
+        time_zone
+      else
+        # Look up the timezone based on the identifier (unless we've been
+        # passed a TZInfo::Timezone)
+        unless time_zone.respond_to?(:period_for_local)
+          time_zone = ActiveSupport::TimeZone[time_zone] || TZInfo::Timezone.get(time_zone)
+        end
+
+        # Return if a TimeZone instance, or wrap in a TimeZone instance if a TZInfo::Timezone
+        if time_zone.is_a?(ActiveSupport::TimeZone)
+          time_zone
+        else
+          ActiveSupport::TimeZone.create(time_zone.name, nil, time_zone)
+        end
+      end
+    rescue TZInfo::InvalidTimezoneIdentifier
+      raise ArgumentError, "Invalid Timezone: #{time_zone}"
+    end
+
+    # Returns a TimeZone instance matching the time zone provided.
+    # Accepts the time zone in any format supported by <tt>Time.zone=</tt>.
+    # Returns +nil+ for invalid time zones.
+    #
+    #   Time.find_zone "America/New_York" # => #<ActiveSupport::TimeZone @name="America/New_York" ...>
+    #   Time.find_zone "NOT-A-TIMEZONE"   # => nil
+    def find_zone(time_zone)
+      find_zone!(time_zone) rescue nil
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_support/core_ext/uri.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "uri"
+
+if RUBY_VERSION < "2.6.0"
+  require "active_support/core_ext/module/redefine_method"
+  URI::Parser.class_eval do
+    silence_redefinition_of_method :unescape
+    def unescape(str, escaped = /%[a-fA-F\d]{2}/)
+      # TODO: Are we actually sure that ASCII == UTF-8?
+      # YK: My initial experiments say yes, but let's be sure please
+      enc = str.encoding
+      enc = Encoding::UTF_8 if enc == Encoding::US_ASCII
+      str.dup.force_encoding(Encoding::ASCII_8BIT).gsub(escaped) { |match| [match[1, 2].hex].pack("C") }.force_encoding(enc)
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+module URI
+  class << self
+    def parser
+      @parser ||= URI::Parser.new
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_support/current_attributes.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "active_support/callbacks"
+
+module ActiveSupport
+  # Abstract super class that provides a thread-isolated attributes singleton, which resets automatically
+  # before and after each request. This allows you to keep all the per-request attributes easily
+  # available to the whole system.
+  #
+  # The following full app-like example demonstrates how to use a Current class to
+  # facilitate easy access to the global, per-request attributes without passing them deeply
+  # around everywhere:
+  #
+  #   # app/models/current.rb
+  #   class Current < ActiveSupport::CurrentAttributes
+  #     attribute :account, :user
+  #     attribute :request_id, :user_agent, :ip_address
+  #
+  #     resets { Time.zone = nil }
+  #
+  #     def user=(user)
+  #       super
+  #       self.account = user.account
+  #       Time.zone    = user.time_zone
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   # app/controllers/concerns/authentication.rb
+  #   module Authentication
+  #     extend ActiveSupport::Concern
+  #
+  #     included do
+  #       before_action :authenticate
+  #     end
+  #
+  #     private
+  #       def authenticate
+  #         if authenticated_user = User.find_by(id: cookies.encrypted[:user_id])
+  #           Current.user = authenticated_user
+  #         else
+  #           redirect_to new_session_url
+  #         end
+  #       end
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   # app/controllers/concerns/set_current_request_details.rb
+  #   module SetCurrentRequestDetails
+  #     extend ActiveSupport::Concern
+  #
+  #     included do
+  #       before_action do
+  #         Current.request_id = request.uuid
+  #         Current.user_agent = request.user_agent
+  #         Current.ip_address = request.ip
+  #       end
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
+  #     include Authentication
+  #     include SetCurrentRequestDetails
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   class MessagesController < ApplicationController
+  #     def create
+  #       Current.account.messages.create(message_params)
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   class Message < ApplicationRecord
+  #     belongs_to :creator, default: -> { Current.user }
+  #     after_create { |message| Event.create(record: message) }
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   class Event < ApplicationRecord
+  #     before_create do
+  #       self.request_id = Current.request_id
+  #       self.user_agent = Current.user_agent
+  #       self.ip_address = Current.ip_address
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # A word of caution: It's easy to overdo a global singleton like Current and tangle your model as a result.
+  # Current should only be used for a few, top-level globals, like account, user, and request details.
+  # The attributes stuck in Current should be used by more or less all actions on all requests. If you start
+  # sticking controller-specific attributes in there, you're going to create a mess.
+  class CurrentAttributes
+    include ActiveSupport::Callbacks
+    define_callbacks :reset
+
+    class << self
+      # Returns singleton instance for this class in this thread. If none exists, one is created.
+      def instance
+        current_instances[name] ||= new
+      end
+
+      # Declares one or more attributes that will be given both class and instance accessor methods.
+      def attribute(*names)
+        generated_attribute_methods.module_eval do
+          names.each do |name|
+            define_method(name) do
+              attributes[name.to_sym]
+            end
+
+            define_method("#{name}=") do |attribute|
+              attributes[name.to_sym] = attribute
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        names.each do |name|
+          define_singleton_method(name) do
+            instance.public_send(name)
+          end
+
+          define_singleton_method("#{name}=") do |attribute|
+            instance.public_send("#{name}=", attribute)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Calls this block before #reset is called on the instance. Used for resetting external collaborators that depend on current values.
+      def before_reset(&block)
+        set_callback :reset, :before, &block
+      end
+
+      # Calls this block after #reset is called on the instance. Used for resetting external collaborators, like Time.zone.
+      def resets(&block)
+        set_callback :reset, :after, &block
+      end
+      alias_method :after_reset, :resets
+
+      delegate :set, :reset, to: :instance
+
+      def reset_all # :nodoc:
+        current_instances.each_value(&:reset)
+      end
+
+      def clear_all # :nodoc:
+        reset_all
+        current_instances.clear
+      end
+
+      private
+        def generated_attribute_methods
+          @generated_attribute_methods ||= Module.new.tap { |mod| include mod }
+        end
+
+        def current_instances
+          Thread.current[:current_attributes_instances] ||= {}
+        end
+
+        def method_missing(name, *args, &block)
+          # Caches the method definition as a singleton method of the receiver.
+          #
+          # By letting #delegate handle it, we avoid an enclosure that'll capture args.
+          singleton_class.delegate name, to: :instance
+
+          send(name, *args, &block)
+        end
+    end
+
+    attr_accessor :attributes
+
+    def initialize
+      @attributes = {}
+    end
+
+    # Expose one or more attributes within a block. Old values are returned after the block concludes.
+    # Example demonstrating the common use of needing to set Current attributes outside the request-cycle:
+    #
+    #   class Chat::PublicationJob < ApplicationJob
+    #     def perform(attributes, room_number, creator)
+    #       Current.set(person: creator) do
+    #         Chat::Publisher.publish(attributes: attributes, room_number: room_number)
+    #       end
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    def set(set_attributes)
+      old_attributes = compute_attributes(set_attributes.keys)
+      assign_attributes(set_attributes)
+      yield
+    ensure
+      assign_attributes(old_attributes)
+    end
+
+    # Reset all attributes. Should be called before and after actions, when used as a per-request singleton.
+    def reset
+      run_callbacks :reset do
+        self.attributes = {}
+      end
+    end
+
+    private
+      def assign_attributes(new_attributes)
+        new_attributes.each { |key, value| public_send("#{key}=", value) }
+      end
+
+      def compute_attributes(keys)
+        keys.collect { |key| [ key, public_send(key) ] }.to_h
+      end
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,806 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "set"
+require "thread"
+require "concurrent/map"
+require "pathname"
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/aliasing"
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors"
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/introspection"
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/anonymous"
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/blank"
+require "active_support/core_ext/kernel/reporting"
+require "active_support/core_ext/load_error"
+require "active_support/core_ext/name_error"
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/starts_ends_with"
+require "active_support/dependencies/interlock"
+require "active_support/inflector"
+
+module ActiveSupport #:nodoc:
+  module Dependencies #:nodoc:
+    extend self
+
+    UNBOUND_METHOD_MODULE_NAME = Module.instance_method(:name)
+    private_constant :UNBOUND_METHOD_MODULE_NAME
+
+    mattr_accessor :interlock, default: Interlock.new
+
+    # :doc:
+
+    # Execute the supplied block without interference from any
+    # concurrent loads.
+    def self.run_interlock
+      Dependencies.interlock.running { yield }
+    end
+
+    # Execute the supplied block while holding an exclusive lock,
+    # preventing any other thread from being inside a #run_interlock
+    # block at the same time.
+    def self.load_interlock
+      Dependencies.interlock.loading { yield }
+    end
+
+    # Execute the supplied block while holding an exclusive lock,
+    # preventing any other thread from being inside a #run_interlock
+    # block at the same time.
+    def self.unload_interlock
+      Dependencies.interlock.unloading { yield }
+    end
+
+    # :nodoc:
+
+    # Should we turn on Ruby warnings on the first load of dependent files?
+    mattr_accessor :warnings_on_first_load, default: false
+
+    # All files ever loaded.
+    mattr_accessor :history, default: Set.new
+
+    # All files currently loaded.
+    mattr_accessor :loaded, default: Set.new
+
+    # Stack of files being loaded.
+    mattr_accessor :loading, default: []
+
+    # Should we load files or require them?
+    mattr_accessor :mechanism, default: ENV["NO_RELOAD"] ? :require : :load
+
+    # The set of directories from which we may automatically load files. Files
+    # under these directories will be reloaded on each request in development mode,
+    # unless the directory also appears in autoload_once_paths.
+    mattr_accessor :autoload_paths, default: []
+
+    # The set of directories from which automatically loaded constants are loaded
+    # only once. All directories in this set must also be present in +autoload_paths+.
+    mattr_accessor :autoload_once_paths, default: []
+
+    # This is a private set that collects all eager load paths during bootstrap.
+    # Useful for Zeitwerk integration. Its public interface is the config.* path
+    # accessors of each engine.
+    mattr_accessor :_eager_load_paths, default: Set.new
+
+    # An array of qualified constant names that have been loaded. Adding a name
+    # to this array will cause it to be unloaded the next time Dependencies are
+    # cleared.
+    mattr_accessor :autoloaded_constants, default: []
+
+    # An array of constant names that need to be unloaded on every request. Used
+    # to allow arbitrary constants to be marked for unloading.
+    mattr_accessor :explicitly_unloadable_constants, default: []
+
+    # The logger used when tracing autoloads.
+    mattr_accessor :logger
+
+    # If true, trace autoloads with +logger.debug+.
+    mattr_accessor :verbose, default: false
+
+    # The WatchStack keeps a stack of the modules being watched as files are
+    # loaded. If a file in the process of being loaded (parent.rb) triggers the
+    # load of another file (child.rb) the stack will ensure that child.rb
+    # handles the new constants.
+    #
+    # If child.rb is being autoloaded, its constants will be added to
+    # autoloaded_constants. If it was being required, they will be discarded.
+    #
+    # This is handled by walking back up the watch stack and adding the constants
+    # found by child.rb to the list of original constants in parent.rb.
+    class WatchStack
+      include Enumerable
+
+      # @watching is a stack of lists of constants being watched. For instance,
+      # if parent.rb is autoloaded, the stack will look like [[Object]]. If
+      # parent.rb then requires namespace/child.rb, the stack will look like
+      # [[Object], [Namespace]].
+
+      attr_reader :watching
+
+      def initialize
+        @watching = []
+        @stack = Hash.new { |h, k| h[k] = [] }
+      end
+
+      def each(&block)
+        @stack.each(&block)
+      end
+
+      def watching?
+        !@watching.empty?
+      end
+
+      # Returns a list of new constants found since the last call to
+      # <tt>watch_namespaces</tt>.
+      def new_constants
+        constants = []
+
+        # Grab the list of namespaces that we're looking for new constants under
+        @watching.last.each do |namespace|
+          # Retrieve the constants that were present under the namespace when watch_namespaces
+          # was originally called
+          original_constants = @stack[namespace].last
+
+          mod = Inflector.constantize(namespace) if Dependencies.qualified_const_defined?(namespace)
+          next unless mod.is_a?(Module)
+
+          # Get a list of the constants that were added
+          new_constants = mod.constants(false) - original_constants
+
+          # @stack[namespace] returns an Array of the constants that are being evaluated
+          # for that namespace. For instance, if parent.rb requires child.rb, the first
+          # element of @stack[Object] will be an Array of the constants that were present
+          # before parent.rb was required. The second element will be an Array of the
+          # constants that were present before child.rb was required.
+          @stack[namespace].each do |namespace_constants|
+            namespace_constants.concat(new_constants)
+          end
+
+          # Normalize the list of new constants, and add them to the list we will return
+          new_constants.each do |suffix|
+            constants << ([namespace, suffix] - ["Object"]).join("::")
+          end
+        end
+        constants
+      ensure
+        # A call to new_constants is always called after a call to watch_namespaces
+        pop_modules(@watching.pop)
+      end
+
+      # Add a set of modules to the watch stack, remembering the initial
+      # constants.
+      def watch_namespaces(namespaces)
+        @watching << namespaces.map do |namespace|
+          module_name = Dependencies.to_constant_name(namespace)
+          original_constants = Dependencies.qualified_const_defined?(module_name) ?
+            Inflector.constantize(module_name).constants(false) : []
+
+          @stack[module_name] << original_constants
+          module_name
+        end
+      end
+
+      private
+        def pop_modules(modules)
+          modules.each { |mod| @stack[mod].pop }
+        end
+    end
+
+    # An internal stack used to record which constants are loaded by any block.
+    mattr_accessor :constant_watch_stack, default: WatchStack.new
+
+    # Module includes this module.
+    module ModuleConstMissing #:nodoc:
+      def self.append_features(base)
+        base.class_eval do
+          # Emulate #exclude via an ivar
+          return if defined?(@_const_missing) && @_const_missing
+          @_const_missing = instance_method(:const_missing)
+          remove_method(:const_missing)
+        end
+        super
+      end
+
+      def self.exclude_from(base)
+        base.class_eval do
+          define_method :const_missing, @_const_missing
+          @_const_missing = nil
+        end
+      end
+
+      def self.include_into(base)
+        base.include(self)
+        append_features(base)
+      end
+
+      def const_missing(const_name)
+        from_mod = anonymous? ? guess_for_anonymous(const_name) : self
+        Dependencies.load_missing_constant(from_mod, const_name)
+      end
+
+      # We assume that the name of the module reflects the nesting
+      # (unless it can be proven that is not the case) and the path to the file
+      # that defines the constant. Anonymous modules cannot follow these
+      # conventions and therefore we assume that the user wants to refer to a
+      # top-level constant.
+      def guess_for_anonymous(const_name)
+        if Object.const_defined?(const_name)
+          raise NameError.new "#{const_name} cannot be autoloaded from an anonymous class or module", const_name
+        else
+          Object
+        end
+      end
+
+      def unloadable(const_desc = self)
+        super(const_desc)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Object includes this module.
+    module Loadable #:nodoc:
+      def self.exclude_from(base)
+        base.class_eval do
+          define_method(:load, Kernel.instance_method(:load))
+          private :load
+
+          define_method(:require, Kernel.instance_method(:require))
+          private :require
+        end
+      end
+
+      def self.include_into(base)
+        base.include(self)
+
+        if base.instance_method(:load).owner == base
+          base.remove_method(:load)
+        end
+
+        if base.instance_method(:require).owner == base
+          base.remove_method(:require)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def require_or_load(file_name)
+        Dependencies.require_or_load(file_name)
+      end
+
+      # :doc:
+
+      # Interprets a file using <tt>mechanism</tt> and marks its defined
+      # constants as autoloaded. <tt>file_name</tt> can be either a string or
+      # respond to <tt>to_path</tt>.
+      #
+      # Use this method in code that absolutely needs a certain constant to be
+      # defined at that point. A typical use case is to make constant name
+      # resolution deterministic for constants with the same relative name in
+      # different namespaces whose evaluation would depend on load order
+      # otherwise.
+      def require_dependency(file_name, message = "No such file to load -- %s.rb")
+        file_name = file_name.to_path if file_name.respond_to?(:to_path)
+        unless file_name.is_a?(String)
+          raise ArgumentError, "the file name must either be a String or implement #to_path -- you passed #{file_name.inspect}"
+        end
+
+        Dependencies.depend_on(file_name, message)
+      end
+
+      # :nodoc:
+
+      def load_dependency(file)
+        if Dependencies.load? && Dependencies.constant_watch_stack.watching?
+          descs = Dependencies.constant_watch_stack.watching.flatten.uniq
+
+          Dependencies.new_constants_in(*descs) { yield }
+        else
+          yield
+        end
+      rescue Exception => exception  # errors from loading file
+        exception.blame_file! file if exception.respond_to? :blame_file!
+        raise
+      end
+
+      # Mark the given constant as unloadable. Unloadable constants are removed
+      # each time dependencies are cleared.
+      #
+      # Note that marking a constant for unloading need only be done once. Setup
+      # or init scripts may list each unloadable constant that may need unloading;
+      # each constant will be removed for every subsequent clear, as opposed to
+      # for the first clear.
+      #
+      # The provided constant descriptor may be a (non-anonymous) module or class,
+      # or a qualified constant name as a string or symbol.
+      #
+      # Returns +true+ if the constant was not previously marked for unloading,
+      # +false+ otherwise.
+      def unloadable(const_desc)
+        Dependencies.mark_for_unload const_desc
+      end
+
+      private
+
+        def load(file, wrap = false)
+          result = false
+          load_dependency(file) { result = super }
+          result
+        end
+
+        def require(file)
+          result = false
+          load_dependency(file) { result = super }
+          result
+        end
+    end
+
+    # Exception file-blaming.
+    module Blamable #:nodoc:
+      def blame_file!(file)
+        (@blamed_files ||= []).unshift file
+      end
+
+      def blamed_files
+        @blamed_files ||= []
+      end
+
+      def describe_blame
+        return nil if blamed_files.empty?
+        "This error occurred while loading the following files:\n   #{blamed_files.join "\n   "}"
+      end
+
+      def copy_blame!(exc)
+        @blamed_files = exc.blamed_files.clone
+        self
+      end
+    end
+
+    def hook!
+      Loadable.include_into(Object)
+      ModuleConstMissing.include_into(Module)
+      Exception.include(Blamable)
+    end
+
+    def unhook!
+      ModuleConstMissing.exclude_from(Module)
+      Loadable.exclude_from(Object)
+    end
+
+    def load?
+      mechanism == :load
+    end
+
+    def depend_on(file_name, message = "No such file to load -- %s.rb")
+      path = search_for_file(file_name)
+      require_or_load(path || file_name)
+    rescue LoadError => load_error
+      if file_name = load_error.message[/ -- (.*?)(\.rb)?$/, 1]
+        load_error.message.replace(message % file_name)
+        load_error.copy_blame!(load_error)
+      end
+      raise
+    end
+
+    def clear
+      Dependencies.unload_interlock do
+        loaded.clear
+        loading.clear
+        remove_unloadable_constants!
+      end
+    end
+
+    def require_or_load(file_name, const_path = nil)
+      file_name = file_name.chomp(".rb")
+      expanded = File.expand_path(file_name)
+      return if loaded.include?(expanded)
+
+      Dependencies.load_interlock do
+        # Maybe it got loaded while we were waiting for our lock:
+        return if loaded.include?(expanded)
+
+        # Record that we've seen this file *before* loading it to avoid an
+        # infinite loop with mutual dependencies.
+        loaded << expanded
+        loading << expanded
+
+        begin
+          if load?
+            # Enable warnings if this file has not been loaded before and
+            # warnings_on_first_load is set.
+            load_args = ["#{file_name}.rb"]
+            load_args << const_path unless const_path.nil?
+
+            if !warnings_on_first_load || history.include?(expanded)
+              result = load_file(*load_args)
+            else
+              enable_warnings { result = load_file(*load_args) }
+            end
+          else
+            result = require file_name
+          end
+        rescue Exception
+          loaded.delete expanded
+          raise
+        ensure
+          loading.pop
+        end
+
+        # Record history *after* loading so first load gets warnings.
+        history << expanded
+        result
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Is the provided constant path defined?
+    def qualified_const_defined?(path)
+      Object.const_defined?(path, false)
+    end
+
+    # Given +path+, a filesystem path to a ruby file, return an array of
+    # constant paths which would cause Dependencies to attempt to load this
+    # file.
+    def loadable_constants_for_path(path, bases = autoload_paths)
+      path = path.chomp(".rb")
+      expanded_path = File.expand_path(path)
+      paths = []
+
+      bases.each do |root|
+        expanded_root = File.expand_path(root)
+        next unless expanded_path.start_with?(expanded_root)
+
+        root_size = expanded_root.size
+        next if expanded_path[root_size] != ?/
+
+        nesting = expanded_path[(root_size + 1)..-1]
+        paths << nesting.camelize unless nesting.blank?
+      end
+
+      paths.uniq!
+      paths
+    end
+
+    # Search for a file in autoload_paths matching the provided suffix.
+    def search_for_file(path_suffix)
+      path_suffix += ".rb" unless path_suffix.ends_with?(".rb")
+
+      autoload_paths.each do |root|
+        path = File.join(root, path_suffix)
+        return path if File.file? path
+      end
+      nil # Gee, I sure wish we had first_match ;-)
+    end
+
+    # Does the provided path_suffix correspond to an autoloadable module?
+    # Instead of returning a boolean, the autoload base for this module is
+    # returned.
+    def autoloadable_module?(path_suffix)
+      autoload_paths.each do |load_path|
+        return load_path if File.directory? File.join(load_path, path_suffix)
+      end
+      nil
+    end
+
+    def load_once_path?(path)
+      # to_s works around a ruby issue where String#starts_with?(Pathname)
+      # will raise a TypeError: no implicit conversion of Pathname into String
+      autoload_once_paths.any? { |base| path.starts_with? base.to_s }
+    end
+
+    # Attempt to autoload the provided module name by searching for a directory
+    # matching the expected path suffix. If found, the module is created and
+    # assigned to +into+'s constants with the name +const_name+. Provided that
+    # the directory was loaded from a reloadable base path, it is added to the
+    # set of constants that are to be unloaded.
+    def autoload_module!(into, const_name, qualified_name, path_suffix)
+      return nil unless base_path = autoloadable_module?(path_suffix)
+      mod = Module.new
+      into.const_set const_name, mod
+      log("constant #{qualified_name} autoloaded (module autovivified from #{File.join(base_path, path_suffix)})")
+      autoloaded_constants << qualified_name unless autoload_once_paths.include?(base_path)
+      autoloaded_constants.uniq!
+      mod
+    end
+
+    # Load the file at the provided path. +const_paths+ is a set of qualified
+    # constant names. When loading the file, Dependencies will watch for the
+    # addition of these constants. Each that is defined will be marked as
+    # autoloaded, and will be removed when Dependencies.clear is next called.
+    #
+    # If the second parameter is left off, then Dependencies will construct a
+    # set of names that the file at +path+ may define. See
+    # +loadable_constants_for_path+ for more details.
+    def load_file(path, const_paths = loadable_constants_for_path(path))
+      const_paths = [const_paths].compact unless const_paths.is_a? Array
+      parent_paths = const_paths.collect { |const_path| const_path[/.*(?=::)/] || ::Object }
+
+      result = nil
+      newly_defined_paths = new_constants_in(*parent_paths) do
+        result = Kernel.load path
+      end
+
+      autoloaded_constants.concat newly_defined_paths unless load_once_path?(path)
+      autoloaded_constants.uniq!
+      result
+    end
+
+    # Returns the constant path for the provided parent and constant name.
+    def qualified_name_for(mod, name)
+      mod_name = to_constant_name mod
+      mod_name == "Object" ? name.to_s : "#{mod_name}::#{name}"
+    end
+
+    # Load the constant named +const_name+ which is missing from +from_mod+. If
+    # it is not possible to load the constant into from_mod, try its parent
+    # module using +const_missing+.
+    def load_missing_constant(from_mod, const_name)
+      unless qualified_const_defined?(from_mod.name) && Inflector.constantize(from_mod.name).equal?(from_mod)
+        raise ArgumentError, "A copy of #{from_mod} has been removed from the module tree but is still active!"
+      end
+
+      qualified_name = qualified_name_for(from_mod, const_name)
+      path_suffix = qualified_name.underscore
+
+      file_path = search_for_file(path_suffix)
+
+      if file_path
+        expanded = File.expand_path(file_path)
+        expanded.sub!(/\.rb\z/, "")
+
+        if loading.include?(expanded)
+          raise "Circular dependency detected while autoloading constant #{qualified_name}"
+        else
+          require_or_load(expanded, qualified_name)
+
+          if from_mod.const_defined?(const_name, false)
+            log("constant #{qualified_name} autoloaded from #{expanded}.rb")
+            return from_mod.const_get(const_name)
+          else
+            raise LoadError, "Unable to autoload constant #{qualified_name}, expected #{file_path} to define it"
+          end
+        end
+      elsif mod = autoload_module!(from_mod, const_name, qualified_name, path_suffix)
+        return mod
+      elsif (parent = from_mod.module_parent) && parent != from_mod &&
+            ! from_mod.module_parents.any? { |p| p.const_defined?(const_name, false) }
+        # If our parents do not have a constant named +const_name+ then we are free
+        # to attempt to load upwards. If they do have such a constant, then this
+        # const_missing must be due to from_mod::const_name, which should not
+        # return constants from from_mod's parents.
+        begin
+          # Since Ruby does not pass the nesting at the point the unknown
+          # constant triggered the callback we cannot fully emulate constant
+          # name lookup and need to make a trade-off: we are going to assume
+          # that the nesting in the body of Foo::Bar is [Foo::Bar, Foo] even
+          # though it might not be. Counterexamples are
+          #
+          #   class Foo::Bar
+          #     Module.nesting # => [Foo::Bar]
+          #   end
+          #
+          # or
+          #
+          #   module M::N
+          #     module S::T
+          #       Module.nesting # => [S::T, M::N]
+          #     end
+          #   end
+          #
+          # for example.
+          return parent.const_missing(const_name)
+        rescue NameError => e
+          raise unless e.missing_name? qualified_name_for(parent, const_name)
+        end
+      end
+
+      name_error = NameError.new("uninitialized constant #{qualified_name}", const_name)
+      name_error.set_backtrace(caller.reject { |l| l.starts_with? __FILE__ })
+      raise name_error
+    end
+
+    # Remove the constants that have been autoloaded, and those that have been
+    # marked for unloading. Before each constant is removed a callback is sent
+    # to its class/module if it implements +before_remove_const+.
+    #
+    # The callback implementation should be restricted to cleaning up caches, etc.
+    # as the environment will be in an inconsistent state, e.g. other constants
+    # may have already been unloaded and not accessible.
+    def remove_unloadable_constants!
+      log("removing unloadable constants")
+      autoloaded_constants.each { |const| remove_constant const }
+      autoloaded_constants.clear
+      Reference.clear!
+      explicitly_unloadable_constants.each { |const| remove_constant const }
+    end
+
+    class ClassCache
+      def initialize
+        @store = Concurrent::Map.new
+      end
+
+      def empty?
+        @store.empty?
+      end
+
+      def key?(key)
+        @store.key?(key)
+      end
+
+      def get(key)
+        key = key.name if key.respond_to?(:name)
+        @store[key] ||= Inflector.constantize(key)
+      end
+      alias :[] :get
+
+      def safe_get(key)
+        key = key.name if key.respond_to?(:name)
+        @store[key] ||= Inflector.safe_constantize(key)
+      end
+
+      def store(klass)
+        return self unless klass.respond_to?(:name)
+        raise(ArgumentError, "anonymous classes cannot be cached") if klass.name.empty?
+        @store[klass.name] = klass
+        self
+      end
+
+      def clear!
+        @store.clear
+      end
+    end
+
+    Reference = ClassCache.new
+
+    # Store a reference to a class +klass+.
+    def reference(klass)
+      Reference.store klass
+    end
+
+    # Get the reference for class named +name+.
+    # Raises an exception if referenced class does not exist.
+    def constantize(name)
+      Reference.get(name)
+    end
+
+    # Get the reference for class named +name+ if one exists.
+    # Otherwise returns +nil+.
+    def safe_constantize(name)
+      Reference.safe_get(name)
+    end
+
+    # Determine if the given constant has been automatically loaded.
+    def autoloaded?(desc)
+      return false if desc.is_a?(Module) && real_mod_name(desc).nil?
+      name = to_constant_name desc
+      return false unless qualified_const_defined?(name)
+      autoloaded_constants.include?(name)
+    end
+
+    # Will the provided constant descriptor be unloaded?
+    def will_unload?(const_desc)
+      autoloaded?(const_desc) ||
+        explicitly_unloadable_constants.include?(to_constant_name(const_desc))
+    end
+
+    # Mark the provided constant name for unloading. This constant will be
+    # unloaded on each request, not just the next one.
+    def mark_for_unload(const_desc)
+      name = to_constant_name const_desc
+      if explicitly_unloadable_constants.include? name
+        false
+      else
+        explicitly_unloadable_constants << name
+        true
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Run the provided block and detect the new constants that were loaded during
+    # its execution. Constants may only be regarded as 'new' once -- so if the
+    # block calls +new_constants_in+ again, then the constants defined within the
+    # inner call will not be reported in this one.
+    #
+    # If the provided block does not run to completion, and instead raises an
+    # exception, any new constants are regarded as being only partially defined
+    # and will be removed immediately.
+    def new_constants_in(*descs)
+      constant_watch_stack.watch_namespaces(descs)
+      success = false
+
+      begin
+        yield # Now yield to the code that is to define new constants.
+        success = true
+      ensure
+        new_constants = constant_watch_stack.new_constants
+
+        return new_constants if success
+
+        # Remove partially loaded constants.
+        new_constants.each { |c| remove_constant(c) }
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Convert the provided const desc to a qualified constant name (as a string).
+    # A module, class, symbol, or string may be provided.
+    def to_constant_name(desc) #:nodoc:
+      case desc
+      when String then desc.sub(/^::/, "")
+      when Symbol then desc.to_s
+      when Module
+        real_mod_name(desc) ||
+          raise(ArgumentError, "Anonymous modules have no name to be referenced by")
+      else raise TypeError, "Not a valid constant descriptor: #{desc.inspect}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    def remove_constant(const) #:nodoc:
+      # Normalize ::Foo, ::Object::Foo, Object::Foo, Object::Object::Foo, etc. as Foo.
+      normalized = const.to_s.sub(/\A::/, "")
+      normalized.sub!(/\A(Object::)+/, "")
+
+      constants = normalized.split("::")
+      to_remove = constants.pop
+
+      # Remove the file path from the loaded list.
+      file_path = search_for_file(const.underscore)
+      if file_path
+        expanded = File.expand_path(file_path)
+        expanded.sub!(/\.rb\z/, "")
+        loaded.delete(expanded)
+      end
+
+      if constants.empty?
+        parent = Object
+      else
+        # This method is robust to non-reachable constants.
+        #
+        # Non-reachable constants may be passed if some of the parents were
+        # autoloaded and already removed. It is easier to do a sanity check
+        # here than require the caller to be clever. We check the parent
+        # rather than the very const argument because we do not want to
+        # trigger Kernel#autoloads, see the comment below.
+        parent_name = constants.join("::")
+        return unless qualified_const_defined?(parent_name)
+        parent = constantize(parent_name)
+      end
+
+      # In an autoloaded user.rb like this
+      #
+      #   autoload :Foo, 'foo'
+      #
+      #   class User < ActiveRecord::Base
+      #   end
+      #
+      # we correctly register "Foo" as being autoloaded. But if the app does
+      # not use the "Foo" constant we need to be careful not to trigger
+      # loading "foo.rb" ourselves. While #const_defined? and #const_get? do
+      # require the file, #autoload? and #remove_const don't.
+      #
+      # We are going to remove the constant nonetheless ---which exists as
+      # far as Ruby is concerned--- because if the user removes the macro
+      # call from a class or module that were not autoloaded, as in the
+      # example above with Object, accessing to that constant must err.
+      unless parent.autoload?(to_remove)
+        begin
+          constantized = parent.const_get(to_remove, false)
+        rescue NameError
+          # The constant is no longer reachable, just skip it.
+          return
+        else
+          constantized.before_remove_const if constantized.respond_to?(:before_remove_const)
+        end
+      end
+
+      begin
+        parent.instance_eval { remove_const to_remove }
+      rescue NameError
+        # The constant is no longer reachable, just skip it.
+      end
+    end
+
+    def log(message)
+      logger.debug("autoloading: #{message}") if logger && verbose
+    end
+
+    private
+
+      # Returns the original name of a class or module even if `name` has been
+      # overridden.
+      def real_mod_name(mod)
+        UNBOUND_METHOD_MODULE_NAME.bind(mod).call
+      end
+  end
+end
+
+ActiveSupport::Dependencies.hook!