activerecord 3.1.0

11 security vulnerabilities found in version 3.1.0

Possible RCE escalation bug with Serialized Columns in Active Record

critical severity CVE-2022-32224
critical severity CVE-2022-32224
Patched versions: ~> 5.2.8, >= 5.2.8.1, ~> 6.0.5, >= 6.0.5.1, ~> 6.1.6, >= 6.1.6.1, >= 7.0.3.1

There is a possible escalation to RCE when using YAML serialized columns in Active Record. This vulnerability has been assigned the CVE identifier CVE-2022-32224.

Versions Affected: All. Not affected: None Fixed Versions: 7.0.3.1, 6.1.6.1, 6.0.5.1, 5.2.8.1

Impact

When serialized columns that use YAML (the default) are deserialized, Rails uses YAML.unsafe_load to convert the YAML data in to Ruby objects. If an attacker can manipulate data in the database (via means like SQL injection), then it may be possible for the attacker to escalate to an RCE.

Impacted Active Record models will look something like this:

class User < ApplicationRecord
  serialize :options       # Vulnerable: Uses YAML for serialization
  serialize :values, Array # Vulnerable: Uses YAML for serialization
  serialize :values, JSON  # Not vulnerable
end

All users running an affected release should either upgrade or use one of the workarounds immediately.

Releases

The FIXED releases are available at the normal locations.

The released versions change the default YAML deserializer to use YAML.safe_load, which prevents deserialization of possibly dangerous objects. This may introduce backwards compatibility issues with existing data.

In order to cope with that situation, the released version also contains two new Active Record configuration options. The configuration options are as follows:

  • config.active_record.use_yaml_unsafe_load

When set to true, this configuration option tells Rails to use the old "unsafe" YAML loading strategy, maintaining the existing behavior but leaving the possible escalation vulnerability in place. Setting this option to true is not recommended, but can aid in upgrading.

  • config.active_record.yaml_column_permitted_classes

The "safe YAML" loading method does not allow all classes to be deserialized by default. This option allows you to specify classes deemed "safe" in your application. For example, if your application uses Symbol and Time in serialized data, you can add Symbol and Time to the allowed list as follows:

config.active_record.yaml_column_permitted_classes = [Symbol, Date, Time]

Workarounds

There are no feasible workarounds for this issue, but other coders (such as JSON) are not impacted.

CVE-2013-0155 rubygem-actionpack, rubygem-activerecord: Unsafe Query Generation Risk in Ruby on Rails

critical severity CVE-2013-0155
critical severity CVE-2013-0155
Patched versions: ~> 2.3.16, ~> 3.0.19, ~> 3.1.10, >= 3.2.11

Ruby on Rails 3.0.x before 3.0.19, 3.1.x before 3.1.10, and 3.2.x before 3.2.11 does not properly consider differences in parameter handling between the Active Record component and the JSON implementation, which allows remote attackers to bypass intended database-query restrictions and perform NULL checks or trigger missing WHERE clauses via a crafted request, as demonstrated by certain "[nil]" values, a related issue to CVE-2012-2660 and CVE-2012-2694.

Denial of Service Vulnerability in ActiveRecord’s PostgreSQL adapter

high severity CVE-2022-44566
high severity CVE-2022-44566
Patched versions: ~> 5.2.8, >= 5.2.8.15, ~> 6.1.7, >= 6.1.7.1, >= 7.0.4.1

There is a potential denial of service vulnerability present in ActiveRecord’s PostgreSQL adapter.

This has been assigned the CVE identifier CVE-2022-44566.

Versions Affected: All. Not affected: None. Fixed Versions: 5.2.8.15 (Rails LTS), 6.1.7.1, 7.0.4.1

Impact

In ActiveRecord <7.0.4.1 and <6.1.7.1, when a value outside the range for a 64bit signed integer is provided to the PostgreSQL connection adapter, it will treat the target column type as numeric. Comparing integer values against numeric values can result in a slow sequential scan resulting in potential Denial of Service.

Workarounds

Ensure that user supplied input which is provided to ActiveRecord clauses do not contain integers wider than a signed 64bit representation or floats.

CVE-2014-3482 rubygem-activerecord: SQL injection vulnerability in 'bitstring' quoting

high severity CVE-2014-3482
high severity CVE-2014-3482
Patched versions: ~> 3.2.19
Unaffected versions: >= 4.0.0

SQL injection vulnerability in activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb in the PostgreSQL adapter for Active Record in Ruby on Rails 2.x and 3.x before 3.2.19 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands by leveraging improper bitstring quoting. It was discovered that Active Record did not properly quote values of the bitstring type attributes when using the PostgreSQL database adapter. A remote attacker could possibly use this flaw to conduct an SQL injection attack against applications using Active Record.

CVE-2013-1854 rubygem-activerecord: attribute_dos Symbol DoS vulnerability

high severity CVE-2013-1854
high severity CVE-2013-1854
Patched versions: ~> 2.3.18, ~> 3.1.12, >= 3.2.13
Unaffected versions: ~> 3.0.0

The Active Record component in Ruby on Rails 2.3.x before 2.3.18, 3.1.x before 3.1.12, and 3.2.x before 3.2.13 processes certain queries by converting hash keys to symbols, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via crafted input to a where method. A flaw was found in the way Ruby on Rails handled hashes in certain queries. A remote attacker could use this flaw to perform a denial of service (resource consumption) attack by sending specially crafted queries that would result in the creation of Ruby symbols, which were never garbage collected.

SQL Injection Vulnerability in Ruby on Rails

high severity CVE-2012-2695
high severity CVE-2012-2695
Patched versions: ~> 3.0.14, ~> 3.1.6, >= 3.2.6

The Active Record component in Ruby on Rails before 3.0.14, 3.1.x before 3.1.6, and 3.2.x before 3.2.6 does not properly implement the passing of request data to a where method in an ActiveRecord class, which allows remote attackers to conduct certain SQL injection attacks via nested query parameters that leverage improper handling of nested hashes, a related issue to CVE-2012-2661.

CVE-2012-2660 rubygem-actionpack: Unsafe query generation

high severity CVE-2012-2660
high severity CVE-2012-2660
Patched versions: ~> 3.0.13, ~> 3.1.5, >= 3.2.4

actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/request.rb in Ruby on Rails before 3.0.13, 3.1.x before 3.1.5, and 3.2.x before 3.2.4 does not properly consider differences in parameter handling between the Active Record component and the Rack interface, which allows remote attackers to bypass intended database-query restrictions and perform NULL checks via a crafted request, as demonstrated by certain "[nil]" values, a related issue to CVE-2012-2694.

Nested attributes rejection proc bypass in Active Record

medium severity CVE-2015-7577
medium severity CVE-2015-7577
Patched versions: >= 5.0.0.beta1.1, ~> 4.2.5, >= 4.2.5.1, ~> 4.1.14, >= 4.1.14.1, ~> 3.2.22.1
Unaffected versions: ~> 3.0.0, < 3.0.0

There is a vulnerability in how the nested attributes feature in Active Record handles updates in combination with destroy flags when destroying records is disabled. This vulnerability has been assigned the CVE identifier CVE-2015-7577.

Versions Affected: 3.1.0 and newer Not affected: 3.0.x and older Fixed Versions: 5.0.0.beta1.1, 4.2.5.1, 4.1.14.1, 3.2.22.1

Impact

When using the nested attributes feature in Active Record you can prevent the destruction of associated records by passing the allow_destroy: false option to the accepts_nested_attributes_for method. However due to a change in the commit a9b4b5d the _destroy flag prevents the :reject_if proc from being called because it assumes that the record will be destroyed anyway.

However this isn't true if :allow_destroy is false so this leads to changes that would have been rejected being applied to the record. Attackers could use this do things like set attributes to invalid values and to clear all of the attributes amongst other things. The severity will be dependent on how the application has used this feature.

All users running an affected release should either upgrade or use one of the workarounds immediately.

Releases

The FIXED releases are available at the normal locations.

Workarounds

If you can't upgrade, please use the following monkey patch in an initializer that is loaded before your application:

$ cat config/initializers/nested_attributes_bypass_fix.rb
module ActiveRecord
  module NestedAttributes
    private

    def reject_new_record?(association_name, attributes)
      will_be_destroyed?(association_name, attributes) || call_reject_if(association_name, attributes)
    end

    def call_reject_if(association_name, attributes)
      return false if will_be_destroyed?(association_name, attributes)

      case callback = self.nested_attributes_options[association_name][:reject_if]
      when Symbol
        method(callback).arity == 0 ? send(callback) : send(callback, attributes)
      when Proc
        callback.call(attributes)
      end
    end

    def will_be_destroyed?(association_name, attributes)
      allow_destroy?(association_name) && has_destroy_flag?(attributes)
    end

    def allow_destroy?(association_name)
      self.nested_attributes_options[association_name][:allow_destroy]
    end
  end
end

Patches

To aid users who aren't able to upgrade immediately we have provided patches for the two supported release series. They are in git-am format and consist of a single changeset.

  • 3-2-nested-attributes-reject-if-bypass.patch - Patch for 3.2 series
  • 4-1-nested-attributes-reject-if-bypass.patch - Patch for 4.1 series
  • 4-2-nested-attributes-reject-if-bypass.patch - Patch for 4.2 series
  • 5-0-nested-attributes-reject-if-bypass.patch - Patch for 5.0 series

Please note that only the 4.1.x and 4.2.x series are supported at present. Users of earlier unsupported releases are advised to upgrade as soon as possible as we cannot guarantee the continued availability of security fixes for unsupported releases.

Credits

Thank you to Justin Coyne for reporting the problem and working with us to fix it.

CVE-2013-0276 rubygem-activerecord/rubygem-activemodel: circumvention of attr_protected

medium severity CVE-2013-0276
medium severity CVE-2013-0276
Patched versions: ~> 2.3.17, ~> 3.1.11, >= 3.2.12

ActiveRecord in Ruby on Rails before 2.3.17, 3.1.x before 3.1.11, and 3.2.x before 3.2.12 allows remote attackers to bypass the attr_protected protection mechanism and modify protected model attributes via a crafted request.

Ruby on Rails find_by_* Methods Authlogic SQL Injection Bypass

medium severity CVE-2012-6496
medium severity CVE-2012-6496
Patched versions: ~> 3.0.18, ~> 3.1.9, >= 3.2.10

Due to the way dynamic finders in Active Record extract options from method parameters, a method parameter can mistakenly be used as a scope. Carefully crafted requests can use the scope to inject arbitrary SQL.

CVE-2012-2661 rubygem-activerecord: SQL injection when processing nested query paramaters

medium severity CVE-2012-2661
medium severity CVE-2012-2661
Patched versions: ~> 3.0.13, ~> 3.1.5, >= 3.2.4
Unaffected versions: ~> 2.3.14

The Active Record component in Ruby on Rails 3.0.x before 3.0.13, 3.1.x before 3.1.5, and 3.2.x before 3.2.4 does not properly implement the passing of request data to a where method in an ActiveRecord class, which allows remote attackers to conduct certain SQL injection attacks via nested query parameters that leverage unintended recursion, a related issue to CVE-2012-2695.

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