activerecord 7.2.2 → 8.0.0

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_mysql_adapter.rb

@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
           args << config.database
 
-          find_cmd_and_exec(["mysql", "mysql5"], *args)
+          find_cmd_and_exec(ActiveRecord.database_cli[:mysql], *args)
         end
       end
 
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       end
 
       def supports_index_sort_order?
-        !mariadb? && database_version >= "8.0.1"
+        mariadb? ? database_version >= "10.8.1" : database_version >= "8.0.1"
       end
 
       def supports_expression_index?
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       end
 
       def supports_datetime_with_precision?
-        mariadb? || database_version >= "5.6.4"
+        true
       end
 
       def supports_virtual_columns?
@@ -197,12 +197,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
       # HELPER METHODS ===========================================
 
-      # The two drivers have slightly different ways of yielding hashes of results, so
-      # this method must be implemented to provide a uniform interface.
-      def each_hash(result) # :nodoc:
-        raise NotImplementedError
-      end
-
       # Must return the MySQL error number from the exception, if the exception has an
       # error number.
       def error_number(exception) # :nodoc:
@@ -226,24 +220,19 @@ module ActiveRecord
       # DATABASE STATEMENTS ======================================
       #++
 
-      # Mysql2Adapter doesn't have to free a result after using it, but we use this method
-      # to write stuff in an abstract way without concerning ourselves about whether it
-      # needs to be explicitly freed or not.
-      def execute_and_free(sql, name = nil, async: false, allow_retry: false) # :nodoc:
-        sql = transform_query(sql)
-        check_if_write_query(sql)
-
-        mark_transaction_written_if_write(sql)
-        yield raw_execute(sql, name, async: async, allow_retry: allow_retry)
-      end
-
       def begin_db_transaction # :nodoc:
         internal_execute("BEGIN", "TRANSACTION", allow_retry: true, materialize_transactions: false)
       end
 
       def begin_isolated_db_transaction(isolation) # :nodoc:
-        internal_execute("SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL #{transaction_isolation_levels.fetch(isolation)}", "TRANSACTION", allow_retry: true, materialize_transactions: false)
-        begin_db_transaction
+        # From MySQL manual: The [SET TRANSACTION] statement applies only to the next single transaction performed within the session.
+        # So we don't need to implement #reset_isolation_level
+        execute_batch(
+          ["SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL #{transaction_isolation_levels.fetch(isolation)}", "BEGIN"],
+          "TRANSACTION",
+          allow_retry: true,
+          materialize_transactions: false,
+        )
       end
 
       def commit_db_transaction # :nodoc:
@@ -343,7 +332,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
         rename_table_indexes(table_name, new_name, **options)
       end
 
-      # Drops a table from the database.
+      # Drops a table or tables from the database.
       #
       # [<tt>:force</tt>]
       #   Set to +:cascade+ to drop dependent objects as well.
@@ -357,10 +346,10 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #
       # Although this command ignores most +options+ and the block if one is given,
       # it can be helpful to provide these in a migration's +change+ method so it can be reverted.
-      # In that case, +options+ and the block will be used by create_table.
-      def drop_table(table_name, **options)
-        schema_cache.clear_data_source_cache!(table_name.to_s)
-        execute "DROP#{' TEMPORARY' if options[:temporary]} TABLE#{' IF EXISTS' if options[:if_exists]} #{quote_table_name(table_name)}#{' CASCADE' if options[:force] == :cascade}"
+      # In that case, +options+ and the block will be used by #create_table except if you provide more than one table which is not supported.
+      def drop_table(*table_names, **options)
+        table_names.each { |table_name| schema_cache.clear_data_source_cache!(table_name.to_s) }
+        execute "DROP#{' TEMPORARY' if options[:temporary]} TABLE#{' IF EXISTS' if options[:if_exists]} #{table_names.map { |table_name| quote_table_name(table_name) }.join(', ')}#{' CASCADE' if options[:force] == :cascade}"
       end
 
       def rename_index(table_name, old_name, new_name)
@@ -580,7 +569,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
       # SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'name'
       def show_variable(name)
-        query_value("SELECT @@#{name}", "SCHEMA")
+        query_value("SELECT @@#{name}", "SCHEMA", materialize_transactions: false, allow_retry: true)
       rescue ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid
         nil
       end
@@ -683,8 +672,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
       end
 
       def check_version # :nodoc:
-        if database_version < "5.5.8"
-          raise DatabaseVersionError, "Your version of MySQL (#{database_version}) is too old. Active Record supports MySQL >= 5.5.8."
+        if database_version < "5.6.4"
+          raise DatabaseVersionError, "Your version of MySQL (#{database_version}) is too old. Active Record supports MySQL >= 5.6.4."
         end
       end
 
@@ -791,11 +780,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
           warning.level == "Note" || super
         end
 
-        # Make sure we carry over any changes to ActiveRecord.default_timezone that have been
-        # made since we established the connection
-        def sync_timezone_changes(raw_connection)
-        end
-
         # See https://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql-errors/en/server-error-reference.html
         ER_DB_CREATE_EXISTS     = 1007
         ER_FILSORT_ABORT        = 1028
@@ -965,13 +949,11 @@ module ActiveRecord
           end.join(", ")
 
           # ...and send them all in one query
-          internal_execute("SET #{encoding} #{sql_mode_assignment} #{variable_assignments}")
+          raw_execute("SET #{encoding} #{sql_mode_assignment} #{variable_assignments}", "SCHEMA")
         end
 
         def column_definitions(table_name) # :nodoc:
-          execute_and_free("SHOW FULL FIELDS FROM #{quote_table_name(table_name)}", "SCHEMA") do |result|
-            each_hash(result)
-          end
+          internal_exec_query("SHOW FULL FIELDS FROM #{quote_table_name(table_name)}", "SCHEMA")
         end
 
         def create_table_info(table_name) # :nodoc:

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/mysql/quoting.rb

@@ -77,14 +77,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
           0
         end
 
-        def quoted_date(value)
-          if supports_datetime_with_precision?
-            super
-          else
-            super.sub(/\.\d{6}\z/, "")
-          end
-        end
-
         def quoted_binary(value)
           "x'#{value.hex}'"
         end

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/mysql/schema_definitions.rb

@@ -42,18 +42,12 @@ module ActiveRecord
         # :method: unsigned_bigint
         # :call-seq: unsigned_bigint(*names, **options)
 
-        ##
-        # :method: unsigned_float
-        # :call-seq: unsigned_float(*names, **options)
-
-        ##
-        # :method: unsigned_decimal
-        # :call-seq: unsigned_decimal(*names, **options)
-
         included do
           define_column_methods :blob, :tinyblob, :mediumblob, :longblob,
             :tinytext, :mediumtext, :longtext, :unsigned_integer, :unsigned_bigint,
             :unsigned_float, :unsigned_decimal
+
+          deprecate :unsigned_float, :unsigned_decimal, deprecator: ActiveRecord.deprecator
         end
       end
 

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/mysql/schema_statements.rb

@@ -8,45 +8,43 @@ module ActiveRecord
         def indexes(table_name)
           indexes = []
           current_index = nil
-          execute_and_free("SHOW KEYS FROM #{quote_table_name(table_name)}", "SCHEMA") do |result|
-            each_hash(result) do |row|
-              if current_index != row[:Key_name]
-                next if row[:Key_name] == "PRIMARY" # skip the primary key
-                current_index = row[:Key_name]
-
-                mysql_index_type = row[:Index_type].downcase.to_sym
-                case mysql_index_type
-                when :fulltext, :spatial
-                  index_type = mysql_index_type
-                when :btree, :hash
-                  index_using = mysql_index_type
-                end
-
-                indexes << [
-                  row[:Table],
-                  row[:Key_name],
-                  row[:Non_unique].to_i == 0,
-                  [],
-                  lengths: {},
-                  orders: {},
-                  type: index_type,
-                  using: index_using,
-                  comment: row[:Index_comment].presence
-                ]
+          internal_exec_query("SHOW KEYS FROM #{quote_table_name(table_name)}", "SCHEMA").each do |row|
+            if current_index != row["Key_name"]
+              next if row["Key_name"] == "PRIMARY" # skip the primary key
+              current_index = row["Key_name"]
+
+              mysql_index_type = row["Index_type"].downcase.to_sym
+              case mysql_index_type
+              when :fulltext, :spatial
+                index_type = mysql_index_type
+              when :btree, :hash
+                index_using = mysql_index_type
               end
 
-              if row[:Expression]
-                expression = row[:Expression].gsub("\\'", "'")
-                expression = +"(#{expression})" unless expression.start_with?("(")
-                indexes.last[-2] << expression
-                indexes.last[-1][:expressions] ||= {}
-                indexes.last[-1][:expressions][expression] = expression
-                indexes.last[-1][:orders][expression] = :desc if row[:Collation] == "D"
-              else
-                indexes.last[-2] << row[:Column_name]
-                indexes.last[-1][:lengths][row[:Column_name]] = row[:Sub_part].to_i if row[:Sub_part]
-                indexes.last[-1][:orders][row[:Column_name]] = :desc if row[:Collation] == "D"
-              end
+              indexes << [
+                row["Table"],
+                row["Key_name"],
+                row["Non_unique"].to_i == 0,
+                [],
+                lengths: {},
+                orders: {},
+                type: index_type,
+                using: index_using,
+                comment: row["Index_comment"].presence
+              ]
+            end
+
+            if expression = row["Expression"]
+              expression = expression.gsub("\\'", "'")
+              expression = +"(#{expression})" unless expression.start_with?("(")
+              indexes.last[-2] << expression
+              indexes.last[-1][:expressions] ||= {}
+              indexes.last[-1][:expressions][expression] = expression
+              indexes.last[-1][:orders][expression] = :desc if row["Collation"] == "D"
+            else
+              indexes.last[-2] << row["Column_name"]
+              indexes.last[-1][:lengths][row["Column_name"]] = row["Sub_part"].to_i if row["Sub_part"]
+              indexes.last[-1][:orders][row["Column_name"]] = :desc if row["Collation"] == "D"
             end
           end
 
@@ -182,12 +180,12 @@ module ActiveRecord
           end
 
           def new_column_from_field(table_name, field, _definitions)
-            field_name = field.fetch(:Field)
-            type_metadata = fetch_type_metadata(field[:Type], field[:Extra])
-            default, default_function = field[:Default], nil
+            field_name = field.fetch("Field")
+            type_metadata = fetch_type_metadata(field["Type"], field["Extra"])
+            default, default_function = field["Default"], nil
 
             if type_metadata.type == :datetime && /\ACURRENT_TIMESTAMP(?:\([0-6]?\))?\z/i.match?(default)
-              default = "#{default} ON UPDATE #{default}" if /on update CURRENT_TIMESTAMP/i.match?(field[:Extra])
+              default = "#{default} ON UPDATE #{default}" if /on update CURRENT_TIMESTAMP/i.match?(field["Extra"])
               default, default_function = nil, default
             elsif type_metadata.extra == "DEFAULT_GENERATED"
               default = +"(#{default})" unless default.start_with?("(")
@@ -203,13 +201,13 @@ module ActiveRecord
             end
 
             MySQL::Column.new(
-              field[:Field],
+              field["Field"],
               default,
               type_metadata,
-              field[:Null] == "YES",
+              field["Null"] == "YES",
               default_function,
-              collation: field[:Collation],
-              comment: field[:Comment].presence
+              collation: field["Collation"],
+              comment: field["Comment"].presence
             )
           end
 

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/mysql2/database_statements.rb

@@ -13,49 +13,10 @@ module ActiveRecord
           end
         end
 
-        def internal_exec_query(sql, name = "SQL", binds = [], prepare: false, async: false, allow_retry: false) # :nodoc:
-          if without_prepared_statement?(binds)
-            execute_and_free(sql, name, async: async, allow_retry: allow_retry) do |result|
-              if result
-                build_result(columns: result.fields, rows: result.to_a)
-              else
-                build_result(columns: [], rows: [])
-              end
-            end
-          else
-            exec_stmt_and_free(sql, name, binds, cache_stmt: prepare, async: async) do |_, result|
-              if result
-                build_result(columns: result.fields, rows: result.to_a)
-              else
-                build_result(columns: [], rows: [])
-              end
-            end
-          end
-        end
-
-        def exec_delete(sql, name = nil, binds = []) # :nodoc:
-          if without_prepared_statement?(binds)
-            with_raw_connection do |conn|
-              @affected_rows_before_warnings = nil
-              execute_and_free(sql, name) { @affected_rows_before_warnings || conn.affected_rows }
-            end
-          else
-            exec_stmt_and_free(sql, name, binds) { |stmt| stmt.affected_rows }
-          end
-        end
-        alias :exec_update :exec_delete
-
         private
-          def sync_timezone_changes(raw_connection)
-            raw_connection.query_options[:database_timezone] = default_timezone
-          end
-
-          def execute_batch(statements, name = nil)
-            statements = statements.map { |sql| transform_query(sql) }
+          def execute_batch(statements, name = nil, **kwargs)
             combine_multi_statements(statements).each do |statement|
-              with_raw_connection do |conn|
-                raw_execute(statement, name)
-              end
+              raw_execute(statement, name, batch: true, **kwargs)
             end
           end
 
@@ -77,75 +38,58 @@ module ActiveRecord
             end
           end
 
-          def with_multi_statements
-            if multi_statements_enabled?
-              return yield
+          def perform_query(raw_connection, sql, binds, type_casted_binds, prepare:, notification_payload:, batch: false)
+            reset_multi_statement = if batch && !multi_statements_enabled?
+              raw_connection.set_server_option(::Mysql2::Client::OPTION_MULTI_STATEMENTS_ON)
+              true
             end
 
-            with_raw_connection do |conn|
-              conn.set_server_option(::Mysql2::Client::OPTION_MULTI_STATEMENTS_ON)
+            # Make sure we carry over any changes to ActiveRecord.default_timezone that have been
+            # made since we established the connection
+            raw_connection.query_options[:database_timezone] = default_timezone
 
-              yield
-            ensure
-              conn.set_server_option(::Mysql2::Client::OPTION_MULTI_STATEMENTS_OFF)
-            end
-          end
+            result = if prepare
+              stmt = @statements[sql] ||= raw_connection.prepare(sql)
 
-          def raw_execute(sql, name, async: false, allow_retry: false, materialize_transactions: true)
-            log(sql, name, async: async) do |notification_payload|
-              with_raw_connection(allow_retry: allow_retry, materialize_transactions: materialize_transactions) do |conn|
-                sync_timezone_changes(conn)
-                result = conn.query(sql)
-                conn.abandon_results!
-                verified!
-                handle_warnings(sql)
-                notification_payload[:row_count] = result&.size || 0
-                result
+              begin
+                ActiveSupport::Dependencies.interlock.permit_concurrent_loads do
+                  stmt.execute(*type_casted_binds)
+                end
+              rescue ::Mysql2::Error
+                @statements.delete(sql)
+                stmt.close
+                raise
               end
+              verified!
+            else
+              raw_connection.query(sql)
             end
-          end
-
-          def exec_stmt_and_free(sql, name, binds, cache_stmt: false, async: false)
-            sql = transform_query(sql)
-            check_if_write_query(sql)
 
-            mark_transaction_written_if_write(sql)
+            notification_payload[:row_count] = result&.size || 0
 
-            type_casted_binds = type_casted_binds(binds)
+            @affected_rows_before_warnings = raw_connection.affected_rows
+            raw_connection.abandon_results!
 
-            log(sql, name, binds, type_casted_binds, async: async) do |notification_payload|
-              with_raw_connection do |conn|
-                sync_timezone_changes(conn)
-
-                if cache_stmt
-                  stmt = @statements[sql] ||= conn.prepare(sql)
-                else
-                  stmt = conn.prepare(sql)
-                end
-
-                begin
-                  result = ActiveSupport::Dependencies.interlock.permit_concurrent_loads do
-                    stmt.execute(*type_casted_binds)
-                  end
-                  verified!
-                  result
-                rescue ::Mysql2::Error => e
-                  if cache_stmt
-                    @statements.delete(sql)
-                  else
-                    stmt.close
-                  end
-                  raise e
-                end
+            verified!
+            handle_warnings(sql)
+            result
+          ensure
+            if reset_multi_statement && active?
+              raw_connection.set_server_option(::Mysql2::Client::OPTION_MULTI_STATEMENTS_OFF)
+            end
+          end
 
-                ret = yield stmt, result
-                notification_payload[:row_count] = result&.size || 0
-                result.free if result
-                stmt.close unless cache_stmt
-                ret
-              end
+          def cast_result(result)
+            if result.nil? || result.fields.empty?
+              ActiveRecord::Result.empty
+            else
+              ActiveRecord::Result.new(result.fields, result.to_a)
             end
           end
+
+          def affected_rows(result)
+            @affected_rows_before_warnings
+          end
       end
     end
   end

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/mysql2_adapter.rb

@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       def initialize(...)
         super
 
+        @affected_rows_before_warnings = nil
         @config[:flags] ||= 0
 
         if @config[:flags].kind_of? Array
@@ -92,14 +93,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
       # HELPER METHODS ===========================================
 
-      def each_hash(result, &block) # :nodoc:
-        if block_given?
-          result.each(as: :hash, symbolize_keys: true, &block)
-        else
-          to_enum(:each_hash, result)
-        end
-      end
-
       def error_number(exception)
         exception.error_number if exception.respond_to?(:error_number)
       end

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/database_statements.rb

@@ -12,16 +12,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
         # Queries the database and returns the results in an Array-like object
         def query(sql, name = nil) # :nodoc:
-          mark_transaction_written_if_write(sql)
-
-          log(sql, name) do |notification_payload|
-            with_raw_connection do |conn|
-              result = conn.async_exec(sql).map_types!(@type_map_for_results).values
-              verified!
-              notification_payload[:row_count] = result.count
-              result
-            end
-          end
+          result = internal_execute(sql, name)
+          result.map_types!(@type_map_for_results).values
         end
 
         READ_QUERY = ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractAdapter.build_read_query_regexp(
@@ -50,36 +42,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
           @notice_receiver_sql_warnings = []
         end
 
-        def raw_execute(sql, name, async: false, allow_retry: false, materialize_transactions: true)
-          log(sql, name, async: async) do |notification_payload|
-            with_raw_connection(allow_retry: allow_retry, materialize_transactions: materialize_transactions) do |conn|
-              result = conn.async_exec(sql)
-              verified!
-              handle_warnings(result)
-              notification_payload[:row_count] = result.count
-              result
-            end
-          end
-        end
-
-        def internal_exec_query(sql, name = "SQL", binds = [], prepare: false, async: false, allow_retry: false, materialize_transactions: true) # :nodoc:
-          execute_and_clear(sql, name, binds, prepare: prepare, async: async, allow_retry: allow_retry, materialize_transactions: materialize_transactions) do |result|
-            types = {}
-            fields = result.fields
-            fields.each_with_index do |fname, i|
-              ftype = result.ftype i
-              fmod  = result.fmod i
-              types[fname] = types[i] = get_oid_type(ftype, fmod, fname)
-            end
-            build_result(columns: fields, rows: result.values, column_types: types.freeze)
-          end
-        end
-
-        def exec_delete(sql, name = nil, binds = []) # :nodoc:
-          execute_and_clear(sql, name, binds) { |result| result.cmd_tuples }
-        end
-        alias :exec_update :exec_delete
-
         def exec_insert(sql, name = nil, binds = [], pk = nil, sequence_name = nil, returning: nil) # :nodoc:
           if use_insert_returning? || pk == false
             super
@@ -170,8 +132,68 @@ module ActiveRecord
           rescue PG::Error
           end
 
-          def execute_batch(statements, name = nil)
-            execute(combine_multi_statements(statements))
+          def perform_query(raw_connection, sql, binds, type_casted_binds, prepare:, notification_payload:, batch: false)
+            update_typemap_for_default_timezone
+            result = if prepare
+              begin
+                stmt_key = prepare_statement(sql, binds, raw_connection)
+                notification_payload[:statement_name] = stmt_key
+                raw_connection.exec_prepared(stmt_key, type_casted_binds)
+              rescue PG::FeatureNotSupported => error
+                if is_cached_plan_failure?(error)
+                  # Nothing we can do if we are in a transaction because all commands
+                  # will raise InFailedSQLTransaction
+                  if in_transaction?
+                    raise PreparedStatementCacheExpired.new(error.message, connection_pool: @pool)
+                  else
+                    @lock.synchronize do
+                      # outside of transactions we can simply flush this query and retry
+                      @statements.delete sql_key(sql)
+                    end
+                    retry
+                  end
+                end
+
+                raise
+              end
+            elsif binds.nil? || binds.empty?
+              raw_connection.async_exec(sql)
+            else
+              raw_connection.exec_params(sql, type_casted_binds)
+            end
+
+            verified!
+            handle_warnings(result)
+            notification_payload[:row_count] = result.count
+            result
+          end
+
+          def cast_result(result)
+            if result.fields.empty?
+              result.clear
+              return ActiveRecord::Result.empty
+            end
+
+            types = {}
+            fields = result.fields
+            fields.each_with_index do |fname, i|
+              ftype = result.ftype i
+              fmod  = result.fmod i
+              types[fname] = types[i] = get_oid_type(ftype, fmod, fname)
+            end
+            ar_result = ActiveRecord::Result.new(fields, result.values, types.freeze)
+            result.clear
+            ar_result
+          end
+
+          def affected_rows(result)
+            affected_rows = result.cmd_tuples
+            result.clear
+            affected_rows
+          end
+
+          def execute_batch(statements, name = nil, **kwargs)
+            raw_execute(combine_multi_statements(statements), name, batch: true, **kwargs)
           end
 
           def build_truncate_statements(table_names)

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/oid/array.rb

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
           end
 
           def map(value, &block)
-            value.map { |v| subtype.map(v, &block) }
+            value.is_a?(::Array) ? value.map(&block) : subtype.map(value, &block)
           end
 
           def changed_in_place?(raw_old_value, new_value)

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/oid/point.rb

@@ -25,6 +25,10 @@ module ActiveRecord
               build_point(x, y)
             when ::Array
               build_point(*value)
+            when ::Hash
+              return if value.blank?
+
+              build_point(*values_array_from_hash(value))
             else
               value
             end
@@ -36,6 +40,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
               "(#{number_for_point(value.x)},#{number_for_point(value.y)})"
             when ::Array
               serialize(build_point(*value))
+            when ::Hash
+              serialize(build_point(*values_array_from_hash(value)))
             else
               super
             end
@@ -57,6 +63,10 @@ module ActiveRecord
             def build_point(x, y)
               ActiveRecord::Point.new(Float(x), Float(y))
             end
+
+            def values_array_from_hash(value)
+              [value.values_at(:x, "x").compact.first, value.values_at(:y, "y").compact.first]
+            end
         end
       end
     end

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/referential_integrity.rb

@@ -45,12 +45,10 @@ Rails needs superuser privileges to disable referential integrity.
             BEGIN
             FOR r IN (
               SELECT FORMAT(
-                'UPDATE pg_constraint SET convalidated=false WHERE conname = ''%I'' AND connamespace::regnamespace = ''%I''::regnamespace; ALTER TABLE %I.%I VALIDATE CONSTRAINT %I;',
+                'UPDATE pg_catalog.pg_constraint SET convalidated=false WHERE conname = ''%1$I'' AND connamespace::regnamespace = ''%2$I''::regnamespace; ALTER TABLE %2$I.%3$I VALIDATE CONSTRAINT %1$I;',
                 constraint_name,
                 table_schema,
-                table_schema,
-                table_name,
-                constraint_name
+                table_name
               ) AS constraint_check
               FROM information_schema.table_constraints WHERE constraint_type = 'FOREIGN KEY'
             )