activerecord 7.1.5.1 → 7.2.0.beta1

data/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,2782 +1,852 @@
-## Rails 7.1.5.1 (December 10, 2024) ##
+## Rails 7.2.0.beta1 (May 29, 2024) ##
 
-*   No changes.
+*   Fix inference of association model on nested models with the same demodularized name.
 
-
-## Rails 7.1.5 (October 30, 2024) ##
-
-*   Fix marshalling of unsaved associated records in 7.1 format.
-
-    The 7.1 format would only marshal associated records if the association was loaded.
-    But associations that would only contain unsaved records would be skipped.
-
-    *Jean Boussier*
-
-*   Fix an issue where `.left_outer_joins` used with multiple associations that have
-    the same child association but different parents does not join all parents.
-
-    Previously, using `.left_outer_joins` with the same child association would only join one of the parents.
-
-    Now it will correctly join both parents.
-
-    Fixes #41498.
-
-    *Garrett Blehm*
-
-*   Ensure `ActiveRecord::Encryption.config` is always ready before access.
-
-    Previously, `ActiveRecord::Encryption` configuration was deferred until `ActiveRecord::Base`
-    was loaded. Therefore, accessing `ActiveRecord::Encryption.config` properties before
-    `ActiveRecord::Base` was loaded would give incorrect results.
-
-    `ActiveRecord::Encryption` now has its own loading hook so that its configuration is set as
-    soon as needed.
-
-    When `ActiveRecord::Base` is loaded, even lazily, it in turn triggers the loading of
-    `ActiveRecord::Encryption`, thus preserving the original behavior of having its config ready
-    before any use of `ActiveRecord::Base`.
-
-    *Maxime Réty*
-
-*   Add `TimeZoneConverter#==` method, so objects will be properly compared by
-    their type, scale, limit & precision.
-
-    Address #52699.
-
-    *Ruy Rocha*
-
-
-## Rails 7.1.4.2 (October 23, 2024) ##
-
-*   No changes.
-
-
-## Rails 7.1.4.1 (October 15, 2024) ##
-
-*   No changes.
-
-
-## Rails 7.1.4 (August 22, 2024) ##
-
-*   Allow to eager load nested nil associations.
-
-    *fatkodima*
-
-*   Fix `create_table` with `:auto_increment` option for MySQL adapter.
-
-    *fatkodima*
-
-*   Don't load has_one associations during autosave.
-
-    *Eugene Kenny*
-
-*   Fix migration ordering for `bin/rails db:prepare` across databases.
-
-    *fatkodima*
-
-*   Fix `alias_attribute` to ignore methods defined in parent classes.
-
-    *Jean Boussier*
-
-*   Fix a performance regression in attribute methods.
-
-    *Jean Boussier*
-
-*   Fix Active Record configs variable shadowing.
-
-    *Joel Lubrano*
-
-*   Fix running migrations on other databases when `database_tasks: false` on primary.
-
-    *fatkodima*
-
-*   Fix non-partial inserts for models with composite identity primary keys.
-
-    *fatkodima*
-
-*   Fix `ActiveRecord::Relation#touch_all` with custom attribute aliased as attribute for update.
-
-    *fatkodima*
-
-*   Fix a crash when an Executor wrapped fork exit.
-
-    *Joé Dupuis*
-
-*   Fix `destroy_async` job for owners with composite primary keys.
-
-    *fatkodima*
-
-*   Ensure pre-7.1 migrations use legacy index names when using `rename_table`.
-
-    *fatkodima*
-
-*   Allow `primary_key:` association option to be composite.
-
-    *Nikita Vasilevsky*
-
-*   Do not try to alias on key update when raw SQL is supplied.
-
-    *Gabriel Amaral*
-
-*   Memoize `key_provider` from `key` or deterministic `key_provider` if any.
-
-    *Rosa Gutierrez*
-
-*   Fix `upsert` warning for MySQL.
-
-    *fatkodima*
-
-*   Fix predicate builder for polymorphic models referencing models with composite primary keys.
-
-    *fatkodima*
-
-*   Fix `update_all/delete_all` on CPK model relation with join subquery.
-
-    *Nikita Vasilevsky*
-
-*   Remove memoization to accept `key_provider` overridden by `with_encryption_context`.
-
-    *John Hawthorn*
-
-*   Raise error for Trilogy when prepared_statements is true.
-
-    Trilogy doesn't currently support prepared statements. The error that
-    applications would see is a `StatementInvalid` error. This doesn't quite point
-    you to the fact this isn't supported. So raise a more appropriate error
-    pointing to what to change.
-
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
-
-*   Fix loading schema cache when all databases have disabled database tasks.
-
-    *fatkodima*
-
-*   Always request `primary_key` in `RETURNING` if no other columns requested.
-
-    *Nikita Vasilevsky*
-
-*   Handle records being loaded with Marshal without triggering schema load
-
-    When using the old marshalling format for Active Record and loading
-    a serialized instance, it didn't trigger loading the schema and defining
-    attribute methods.
-
-    *Jean Boussier*
-
-*   Prevent some constant redefinition warnings when defining `inherited` on models.
-
-    *Adrian Hirt*
-
-*   Fix a memory perfomance regression in attribute methods.
-
-    Attribute methods used much more memory and were slower to define than
-    they should have been.
-
-    *Jean Boussier*
-
-*   Fix an issue that could cause database connection leaks.
-
-    If Active Record successfully connected to the database, but then failed
-    to read the server informations, the connection would be leaked until the
-    Ruby garbage collector triggers.
-
-    *Jean Boussier*
-
-*   Fix an issue where the IDs reader method did not return expected results
-    for preloaded associations in models using composite primary keys.
-
-    *Jay Ang*
-
-*   PostgreSQL `Cidr#change?` detects the address prefix change.
-
-    *Taketo Takashima*
-
-*   Fix Active Record serialization to not include instantiated but not loaded associations
-
-    *Jean Boussier*, *Ben Kyriakou*
-
-*   Allow `Sqlite3Adapter` to use `sqlite3` gem version `2.x`
-
-    *Mike Dalessio*
-
-*   Strict loading using `:n_plus_one_only` does not eagerly load child associations.
-
-    With this change, child associations are no longer eagerly loaded, to
-    match intended behavior and to prevent non-deterministic order issues caused
-    by calling methods like `first` or `last`. As `first` and `last` don't cause
-    an N+1 by themselves, calling child associations will no longer raise.
-    Fixes #49473.
-
-    Before:
-
-    ```ruby
-    person = Person.find(1)
-    person.strict_loading!(mode: :n_plus_one_only)
-    person.posts.first
-    # SELECT * FROM posts WHERE person_id = 1; -- non-deterministic order
-    person.posts.first.firm # raises ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError
-    ```
-
-    After:
-
-    ```ruby
-    person = Person.find(1)
-    person.strict_loading!(mode: :n_plus_one_only)
-    person.posts.first # this is 1+1, not N+1
-    # SELECT * FROM posts WHERE person_id = 1 ORDER BY id LIMIT 1;
-    person.posts.first.firm # no longer raises
-    ```
-
-    *Reid Lynch*
-
-*   Using `Model.query_constraints` with a single non-primary-key column used to raise as expected, but with an
-    incorrect error message. This has been fixed to raise with a more appropriate error message.
-
-    *Joshua Young*
-
-*   Fix `has_one` association autosave setting the foreign key attribute when it is unchanged.
-
-    This behaviour is also inconsistent with autosaving `belongs_to` and can have unintended side effects like raising
-    an `ActiveRecord::ReadonlyAttributeError` when the foreign key attribute is marked as read-only.
-
-    *Joshua Young*
-
-*   Fix an issue where `ActiveRecord::Encryption` configurations are not ready before the loading
-    of Active Record models, when an application is eager loaded. As a result, encrypted attributes
-    could be misconfigured in some cases.
-
-    *Maxime Réty*
-
-*   Properly synchronize `Mysql2Adapter#active?` and `TrilogyAdapter#active?`
-
-    As well as `disconnect!` and `verify!`.
-
-    This generally isn't a big problem as connections must not be shared between
-    threads, but is required when running transactional tests or system tests
-    and could lead to a SEGV.
-
-    *Jean Boussier*
-
-*   Fix counter caches when the foreign key is composite.
-
-    If the model holding the counter cache had a composite primary key,
-    inserting a dependent record would fail with an `ArgumentError`
-    `Expected corresponding value for...`
-
-    *fatkodima*
-
-*   Fix loading of schema cache for multiple databases.
-
-    Before this change, if you have multiple databases configured in your
-    application, and had schema cache present, Rails would load the same
-    cache to all databases.
-
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
-
-*   Fix eager loading of composite primary key associations.
-
-    `relation.eager_load(:other_model)` could load the wrong records if `other_model`
-    had a composite primary key.
-
-    *Nikita Vasilevsky*
-
-*   Fix async queries returning a doubly wrapped result when hitting the query cache.
-
-    *fatkodima*
-
-*   Fix single quote escapes on default generated MySQL columns
-
-    MySQL 5.7.5+ supports generated columns, which can be used to create a column that is computed from an expression.
-
-    Previously, the schema dump would output a string with double escapes for generated columns with single quotes in the default expression.
-
-    This would result in issues when importing the schema on a fresh instance of a MySQL database.
-
-    Now, the string will not be escaped and will be valid Ruby upon importing of the schema.
-
-    *Yash Kapadia*
-
-*   Fix Migrations with versions older than 7.1 validating options given to
-    `t.references`.
-
-    *Hartley McGuire*
-
-
-## Rails 7.1.3.4 (June 04, 2024) ##
-
-*   No changes.
-
-
-## Rails 7.1.3.3 (May 16, 2024) ##
-
-*   No changes.
-
-
-## Rails 7.1.3.2 (February 21, 2024) ##
-
-*   No changes.
-
-
-## Rails 7.1.3.1 (February 21, 2024) ##
-
-*   No changes.
-
-
-## Rails 7.1.3 (January 16, 2024) ##
-
-*   Fix Migrations with versions older than 7.1 validating options given to
-    `add_reference`.
-
-    *Hartley McGuire*
-
-*   Ensure `reload` sets correct owner for each association.
-
-    *Dmytro Savochkin*
-
-*   Fix view runtime for controllers with async queries.
-
-    *fatkodima*
-
-*   Fix `load_async` to work with query cache.
-
-    *fatkodima*
-
-*   Fix polymorphic `belongs_to` to correctly use parent's `query_constraints`.
-
-    *fatkodima*
-
-*   Fix `Preloader` to not generate a query for already loaded association with `query_constraints`.
-
-    *fatkodima*
-
-*   Fix multi-database polymorphic preloading with equivalent table names.
-
-    When preloading polymorphic associations, if two models pointed to two
-    tables with the same name but located in different databases, the
-    preloader would only load one.
-
-    *Ari Summer*
-
-*   Fix `encrypted_attribute?` to take into account context properties passed to `encrypts`.
-
-    *Maxime Réty*
-
-*   Fix `find_by` to work correctly in presence of composite primary keys.
-
-    *fatkodima*
-
-*   Fix async queries sometimes returning a raw result if they hit the query cache.
-
-    `ShipPart.async_count` could return a raw integer rather than a Promise
-    if it found the result in the query cache.
-
-    *fatkodima*
-
-*   Fix `Relation#transaction` to not apply a default scope.
-
-    The method was incorrectly setting a default scope around its block:
-
-    ```ruby
-    Post.where(published: true).transaction do
-      Post.count # SELECT COUNT(*) FROM posts WHERE published = FALSE;
-    end
-    ```
-
-    *Jean Boussier*
-
-*   Fix calling `async_pluck` on a `none` relation.
-
-    `Model.none.async_pluck(:id)` was returning a naked value
-    instead of a promise.
-
-    *Jean Boussier*
-
-*   Fix calling `load_async` on a `none` relation.
-
-    `Model.none.load_async` was returning a broken result.
-
-    *Lucas Mazza*
-
-*   TrilogyAdapter: ignore `host` if `socket` parameter is set.
-
-    This allows to configure a connection on a UNIX socket via DATABASE_URL:
-
-    ```
-    DATABASE_URL=trilogy://does-not-matter/my_db_production?socket=/var/run/mysql.sock
-    ```
-
-    *Jean Boussier*
-
-*   Fix `has_secure_token` calls the setter method on initialize.
-
-    *Abeid Ahmed*
-
-*   Allow using `object_id` as a database column name.
-    It was available before rails 7.1 and may be used as a part of polymorphic relationship to `object` where `object` can be any other database record.
-
-    *Mikhail Doronin*
-
-*   Fix `rails db:create:all` to not touch databases before they are created.
-
-    *fatkodima*
-
-
-## Rails 7.1.2 (November 10, 2023) ##
-
-*   Fix renaming primary key index when renaming a table with a UUID primary key
-    in PostgreSQL.
-
-    *fatkodima*
-
-*   Fix `where(field: values)` queries when `field` is a serialized attribute
-    (for example, when `field` uses `ActiveRecord::Base.serialize` or is a JSON
-    column).
-
-    *João Alves*
-
-*   Prevent marking broken connections as verified.
-
-    *Daniel Colson*
-
-*   Don't mark Float::INFINITY as changed when reassigning it
-
-    When saving a record with a float infinite value, it shouldn't mark as changed
-
-    *Maicol Bentancor*
-
-*   `ActiveRecord::Base.table_name` now returns `nil` instead of raising
-    "undefined method `abstract_class?` for Object:Class".
-
-    *a5-stable*
-
-*   Fix upserting for custom `:on_duplicate` and `:unique_by` consisting of all
-    inserts keys.
-
-    *fatkodima*
-
-*   Fixed an [issue](https://github.com/rails/rails/issues/49809) where saving a
-    record could innappropriately `dup` its attributes.
-
-    *Jonathan Hefner*
-
-*   Dump schema only for a specific db for rollback/up/down tasks for multiple dbs.
-
-    *fatkodima*
-
-*   Fix `NoMethodError` when casting a PostgreSQL `money` value that uses a
-    comma as its radix point and has no leading currency symbol.  For example,
-    when casting `"3,50"`.
-
-    *Andreas Reischuck* and *Jonathan Hefner*
-
-*   Re-enable support for using `enum` with non-column-backed attributes.
-    Non-column-backed attributes must be previously declared with an explicit
-    type. For example:
-
-      ```ruby
-      class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
-        attribute :topic, :string
-        enum topic: %i[science tech engineering math]
-      end
-      ```
-
-    *Jonathan Hefner*
-
-*   Raise on `foreign_key:` being passed as an array in associations
-
-    *Nikita Vasilevsky*
-
-*   Return back maximum allowed PostgreSQL table name to 63 characters.
-
-    *fatkodima*
-
-*   Fix detecting `IDENTITY` columns for PostgreSQL < 10.
-
-    *fatkodima*
-
-
-## Rails 7.1.1 (October 11, 2023) ##
-
-*   Fix auto populating IDENTITY columns for PostgreSQL.
-
-    *fatkodima*
-
-*   Fix "ArgumentError: wrong number of arguments (given 3, expected 2)" when
-    down migrating `rename_table` in older migrations.
-
-    *fatkodima*
-
-*   Do not require the Action Text, Active Storage and Action Mailbox tables
-    to be present when running when running test on CI.
-
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
-
-
-## Rails 7.1.0 (October 05, 2023) ##
-
-*   No changes.
-
-
-## Rails 7.1.0.rc2 (October 01, 2023) ##
-
-*   Remove -shm and -wal SQLite files when `rails db:drop` is run.
-
-    *Niklas Häusele*
-
-*   Revert the change to raise an `ArgumentError` when `#accepts_nested_attributes_for` is declared more than once for
-    an association in the same class.
-
-    The reverted behavior broke the case where the `#accepts_nested_attributes_for` was defined in a concern and
-    where overridden in the class that included the concern.
-
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
-
-
-## Rails 7.1.0.rc1 (September 27, 2023) ##
-
-*   Better naming for unique constraints support.
-
-    Naming unique keys leads to misunderstanding it's a short-hand of unique indexes.
-    Just naming it unique constraints is not misleading.
-
-    In Rails 7.1.0.beta1 or before:
-
-    ```ruby
-    add_unique_key :sections, [:position], deferrable: :deferred, name: "unique_section_position"
-    remove_unique_key :sections, name: "unique_section_position"
-    ```
-
-    Now:
-
-    ```ruby
-    add_unique_constraint :sections, [:position], deferrable: :deferred, name: "unique_section_position"
-    remove_unique_constraint :sections, name: "unique_section_position"
-    ```
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   Fix duplicate quoting for check constraint expressions in schema dump when using MySQL
-
-    A check constraint with an expression, that already contains quotes, lead to an invalid schema
-    dump with the mysql2 adapter.
-
-    Fixes #42424.
-
-    *Felix Tscheulin*
-
-*   Performance tune the SQLite3 adapter connection configuration
-
-    For Rails applications, the Write-Ahead-Log in normal syncing mode with a capped journal size, a healthy shared memory buffer and a shared cache will perform, on average, 2× better.
-
-    *Stephen Margheim*
-
-*   Allow SQLite3 `busy_handler` to be configured with simple max number of `retries`
-
-    Retrying busy connections without delay is a preferred practice for performance-sensitive applications. Add support for a `database.yml` `retries` integer, which is used in a simple `busy_handler` function to retry busy connections without exponential backoff up to the max number of `retries`.
-
-    *Stephen Margheim*
-
-*   The SQLite3 adapter now supports `supports_insert_returning?`
-
-    Implementing the full `supports_insert_returning?` contract means the SQLite3 adapter supports auto-populated columns (#48241) as well as custom primary keys.
-
-    *Stephen Margheim*
-
-*   Ensure the SQLite3 adapter handles default functions with the `||` concatenation operator
-
-    Previously, this default function would produce the static string `"'Ruby ' || 'on ' || 'Rails'"`.
-    Now, the adapter will appropriately receive and use `"Ruby on Rails"`.
-
-    ```ruby
-    change_column_default "test_models", "ruby_on_rails", -> { "('Ruby ' || 'on ' || 'Rails')" }
-    ```
-
-    *Stephen Margheim*
-
-*   Dump PostgreSQL schemas as part of the schema dump.
-
-    *Lachlan Sylvester*
-
-
-## Rails 7.1.0.beta1 (September 13, 2023) ##
-
-*   Encryption now supports `support_unencrypted_data` being set per-attribute.
-
-    You can now opt out of `support_unencrypted_data` on a specific encrypted attribute.
-    This only has an effect if `ActiveRecord::Encryption.config.support_unencrypted_data == true`.
-
-    ```ruby
-    class User < ActiveRecord::Base
-      encrypts :name, deterministic: true, support_unencrypted_data: false
-      encrypts :email, deterministic: true
-    end
-    ```
-
-    *Alex Ghiculescu*
-
-*   Add instrumentation for Active Record transactions
-
-    Allows subscribing to transaction events for tracking/instrumentation. The event payload contains the connection and the outcome (commit, rollback, restart, incomplete), as well as timing details.
-
-    ```ruby
-    ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe("transaction.active_record") do |event|
-      puts "Transaction event occurred!"
-      connection = event.payload[:connection]
-      puts "Connection: #{connection.inspect}"
-    end
-    ```
-
-    *Daniel Colson*, *Ian Candy*
-
-*   Support composite foreign keys via migration helpers.
-
-    ```ruby
-    # Assuming "carts" table has "(shop_id, user_id)" as a primary key.
-
-    add_foreign_key(:orders, :carts, primary_key: [:shop_id, :user_id])
-
-    remove_foreign_key(:orders, :carts, primary_key: [:shop_id, :user_id])
-    foreign_key_exists?(:orders, :carts, primary_key: [:shop_id, :user_id])
-    ```
-
-    *fatkodima*
-
-*   Adds support for `if_not_exists` when adding a check constraint.
-
-    ```ruby
-    add_check_constraint :posts, "post_type IN ('blog', 'comment', 'share')", if_not_exists: true
-    ```
-
-    *Cody Cutrer*
-
-*   Raise an `ArgumentError` when `#accepts_nested_attributes_for` is declared more than once for an association in
-    the same class. Previously, the last declaration would silently override the previous one. Overriding in a subclass
-    is still allowed.
-
-    *Joshua Young*
-
-*   Deprecate `rewhere` argument on `#merge`.
-
-    The `rewhere` argument on `#merge`is deprecated without replacement and
-    will be removed in Rails 7.2.
-
-    *Adam Hess*
-
-*   Deprecate aliasing non-attributes with `alias_attribute`.
-
-    *Ian Candy*
-
-*   Fix unscope is not working in specific case
-
-    Before:
-    ```ruby
-    Post.where(id: 1...3).unscope(where: :id).to_sql # "SELECT `posts`.* FROM `posts` WHERE `posts`.`id` >= 1 AND `posts`.`id` < 3"
-
-    ```
-
-    After:
-    ```ruby
-    Post.where(id: 1...3).unscope(where: :id).to_sql # "SELECT `posts`.* FROM `posts`"
-    ```
-
-    Fixes #48094.
-
-    *Kazuya Hatanaka*
-
-*   Change `has_secure_token` default to `on: :initialize`
-
-    Change the new default value from `on: :create` to `on: :initialize`
-
-    Can be controlled by the `config.active_record.generate_secure_token_on`
-    configuration:
-
-    ```ruby
-    config.active_record.generate_secure_token_on = :create
-    ```
-
-    *Sean Doyle*
-
-*   Fix `change_column` not setting `precision: 6` on `datetime` columns when
-    using 7.0+ Migrations and SQLite.
-
-    *Hartley McGuire*
-
-*   Support composite identifiers in `to_key`
-
-    `to_key` avoids wrapping `#id` value into an `Array` if `#id` already an array
-
-    *Nikita Vasilevsky*
-
-*   Add validation option for `enum`
-
-    ```ruby
-    class Contract < ApplicationRecord
-      enum :status, %w[in_progress completed], validate: true
-    end
-    Contract.new(status: "unknown").valid? # => false
-    Contract.new(status: nil).valid? # => false
-    Contract.new(status: "completed").valid? # => true
-
-    class Contract < ApplicationRecord
-      enum :status, %w[in_progress completed], validate: { allow_nil: true }
-    end
-    Contract.new(status: "unknown").valid? # => false
-    Contract.new(status: nil).valid? # => true
-    Contract.new(status: "completed").valid? # => true
-    ```
-
-    *Edem Topuzov*, *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   Allow batching methods to use already loaded relation if available
-
-    Calling batch methods on already loaded relations will use the records previously loaded instead of retrieving
-    them from the database again.
-
-    *Adam Hess*
-
-*   Deprecate `read_attribute(:id)` returning the primary key if the primary key is not `:id`.
-
-    Starting in Rails 7.2, `read_attribute(:id)` will return the value of the id column, regardless of the model's
-    primary key. To retrieve the value of the primary key, use `#id` instead. `read_attribute(:id)` for composite
-    primary key models will now return the value of the id column.
-
-    *Adrianna Chang*
-
-*   Fix `change_table` setting datetime precision for 6.1 Migrations
-
-    *Hartley McGuire*
-
-*   Fix change_column setting datetime precision for 6.1 Migrations
-
-    *Hartley McGuire*
-
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base#id_value` alias to access the raw value of a record's id column.
-
-    This alias is only provided for models that declare an `:id` column.
-
-    *Adrianna Chang*
-
-*   Fix previous change tracking for `ActiveRecord::Store` when using a column with JSON structured database type
-
-    Before, the methods to access the changes made during the last save `#saved_change_to_key?`, `#saved_change_to_key`, and `#key_before_last_save` did not work if the store was defined as a `store_accessor` on a column with a JSON structured database type
-
-    *Robert DiMartino*
-
-*   Fully support `NULLS [NOT] DISTINCT` for PostgreSQL 15+ indexes.
-
-    Previous work was done to allow the index to be created in a migration, but it was not
-    supported in schema.rb. Additionally, the matching for `NULLS [NOT] DISTINCT` was not
-    in the correct order, which could have resulted in inconsistent schema detection.
-
-    *Gregory Jones*
-
-*   Allow escaping of literal colon characters in `sanitize_sql_*` methods when named bind variables are used
-
-    *Justin Bull*
-
-*   Fix `#previously_new_record?` to return true for destroyed records.
-
-    Before, if a record was created and then destroyed, `#previously_new_record?` would return true.
-    Now, any UPDATE or DELETE to a record is considered a change, and will result in `#previously_new_record?`
-    returning false.
-
-    *Adrianna Chang*
-
-*   Specify callback in `has_secure_token`
-
-    ```ruby
-    class User < ApplicationRecord
-      has_secure_token on: :initialize
-    end
-
-    User.new.token # => "abc123...."
-    ```
-
-    *Sean Doyle*
-
-*   Fix incrementation of in memory counter caches when associations overlap
-
-    When two associations had a similarly named counter cache column, Active Record
-    could sometime increment the wrong one.
-
-    *Jacopo Beschi*, *Jean Boussier*
-
-*   Don't show secrets for Active Record's `Cipher::Aes256Gcm#inspect`.
-
-    Before:
-
-    ```ruby
-    ActiveRecord::Encryption::Cipher::Aes256Gcm.new(secret).inspect
-    "#<ActiveRecord::Encryption::Cipher::Aes256Gcm:0x0000000104888038 ... @secret=\"\\xAF\\bFh]LV}q\\nl\\xB2U\\xB3 ... >"
-    ```
-
-    After:
-
-    ```ruby
-    ActiveRecord::Encryption::Cipher::Aes256Gcm(secret).inspect
-    "#<ActiveRecord::Encryption::Cipher::Aes256Gcm:0x0000000104888038>"
-    ```
-
-    *Petrik de Heus*
-
-*   Bring back the historical behavior of committing transaction on non-local return.
-
-    ```ruby
-    Model.transaction do
-      model.save
-      return
-      other_model.save # not executed
-    end
-    ```
-
-    Historically only raised errors would trigger a rollback, but in Ruby `2.3`, the `timeout` library
-    started using `throw` to interrupt execution which had the adverse effect of committing open transactions.
-
-    To solve this, in Active Record 6.1 the behavior was changed to instead rollback the transaction as it was safer
-    than to potentially commit an incomplete transaction.
-
-    Using `return`, `break` or `throw` inside a `transaction` block was essentially deprecated from Rails 6.1 onwards.
-
-    However with the release of `timeout 0.4.0`, `Timeout.timeout` now raises an error again, and Active Record is able
-    to return to its original, less surprising, behavior.
-
-    This historical behavior can now be opt-ed in via:
-
-    ```
-    Rails.application.config.active_record.commit_transaction_on_non_local_return = true
-    ```
-
-    And is the default for new applications created in Rails 7.1.
-
-    *Jean Boussier*
-
-*   Deprecate `name` argument on `#remove_connection`.
-
-    The `name` argument is deprecated on `#remove_connection` without replacement. `#remove_connection` should be called directly on the class that established the connection.
-
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
-
-*   Fix has_one through singular building with inverse.
-
-    Allows building of records from an association with a has_one through a
-    singular association with inverse. For belongs_to through associations,
-    linking the foreign key to the primary key model isn't needed.
-    For has_one, we cannot build records due to the association not being mutable.
-
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
-
-*   Disable database prepared statements when query logs are enabled
-
-    Prepared Statements and Query Logs are incompatible features due to query logs making every query unique.
-
-    *zzak, Jean Boussier*
-
-*   Support decrypting data encrypted non-deterministically with a SHA1 hash digest.
-
-    This adds a new Active Record encryption option to support decrypting data encrypted
-    non-deterministically with a SHA1 hash digest:
-
-    ```
-    Rails.application.config.active_record.encryption.support_sha1_for_non_deterministic_encryption = true
-    ```
-
-    The new option addresses a problem when upgrading from 7.0 to 7.1. Due to a bug in how Active Record
-    Encryption was getting initialized, the key provider used for non-deterministic encryption were using
-    SHA-1 as its digest class, instead of the one configured globally by Rails via
-    `Rails.application.config.active_support.key_generator_hash_digest_class`.
-
-    *Cadu Ribeiro and Jorge Manrubia*
-
-*   Added PostgreSQL migration commands for enum rename, add value, and rename value.
-
-    `rename_enum` and `rename_enum_value` are reversible. Due to Postgres
-    limitation, `add_enum_value` is not reversible since you cannot delete enum
-    values. As an alternative you should drop and recreate the enum entirely.
-
-    ```ruby
-    rename_enum :article_status, to: :article_state
-    ```
-
-    ```ruby
-    add_enum_value :article_state, "archived" # will be at the end of existing values
-    add_enum_value :article_state, "in review", before: "published"
-    add_enum_value :article_state, "approved", after: "in review"
-    ```
-
-    ```ruby
-    rename_enum_value :article_state, from: "archived", to: "deleted"
-    ```
-
-    *Ray Faddis*
-
-*   Allow composite primary key to be derived from schema
-
-    Booting an application with a schema that contains composite primary keys
-    will not issue warning and won't `nil`ify the `ActiveRecord::Base#primary_key` value anymore.
-
-    Given a `travel_routes` table definition and a `TravelRoute` model like:
-    ```ruby
-    create_table :travel_routes, primary_key: [:origin, :destination], force: true do |t|
-      t.string :origin
-      t.string :destination
-    end
-
-    class TravelRoute < ActiveRecord::Base; end
-    ```
-    The `TravelRoute.primary_key` value will be automatically derived to `["origin", "destination"]`
-
-    *Nikita Vasilevsky*
-
-*   Include the `connection_pool` with exceptions raised from an adapter.
-
-    The `connection_pool` provides added context such as the connection used
-    that led to the exception as well as which role and shard.
-
-    *Luan Vieira*
-
-*   Support multiple column ordering for `find_each`, `find_in_batches` and `in_batches`.
-
-    When find_each/find_in_batches/in_batches are performed on a table with composite primary keys, ascending or descending order can be selected for each key.
-
-    ```ruby
-    Person.find_each(order: [:desc, :asc]) do |person|
-      person.party_all_night!
-    end
-    ```
-
-    *Takuya Kurimoto*
-
-*   Fix where on association with has_one/has_many polymorphic relations.
-
-    Before:
-    ```ruby
-    Treasure.where(price_estimates: PriceEstimate.all)
-    #=> SELECT (...) WHERE "treasures"."id" IN (SELECT "price_estimates"."estimate_of_id" FROM "price_estimates")
-    ```
-
-    Later:
-    ```ruby
-    Treasure.where(price_estimates: PriceEstimate.all)
-    #=> SELECT (...) WHERE "treasures"."id" IN (SELECT "price_estimates"."estimate_of_id" FROM "price_estimates" WHERE "price_estimates"."estimate_of_type" = 'Treasure')
-    ```
-
-    *Lázaro Nixon*
-
-*   Assign auto populated columns on Active Record record creation.
-
-    Changes record creation logic to allow for the `auto_increment` column to be assigned
-    immediately after creation regardless of it's relation to the model's primary key.
-
-    The PostgreSQL adapter benefits the most from the change allowing for any number of auto-populated
-    columns to be assigned on the object immediately after row insertion utilizing the `RETURNING` statement.
-
-    *Nikita Vasilevsky*
-
-*   Use the first key in the `shards` hash from `connected_to` for the `default_shard`.
-
-    Some applications may not want to use `:default` as a shard name in their connection model. Unfortunately Active Record expects there to be a `:default` shard because it must assume a shard to get the right connection from the pool manager. Rather than force applications to manually set this, `connects_to` can infer the default shard name from the hash of shards and will now assume that the first shard is your default.
-
-    For example if your model looked like this:
-
-    ```ruby
-    class ShardRecord < ApplicationRecord
-      self.abstract_class = true
-
-      connects_to shards: {
-        shard_one: { writing: :shard_one },
-        shard_two: { writing: :shard_two }
-      }
-    ```
-
-    Then the `default_shard` for this class would be set to `shard_one`.
-
-    Fixes: #45390
-
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
-
-*   Fix mutation detection for serialized attributes backed by binary columns.
-
-    *Jean Boussier*
-
-*   Add `ActiveRecord.disconnect_all!` method to immediately close all connections from all pools.
-
-    *Jean Boussier*
-
-*   Discard connections which may have been left in a transaction.
-
-    There are cases where, due to an error, `within_new_transaction` may unexpectedly leave a connection in an open transaction. In these cases the connection may be reused, and the following may occur:
-    - Writes appear to fail when they actually succeed.
-    - Writes appear to succeed when they actually fail.
-    - Reads return stale or uncommitted data.
-
-    Previously, the following case was detected:
-    - An error is encountered during the transaction, then another error is encountered while attempting to roll it back.
-
-    Now, the following additional cases are detected:
-    - An error is encountered just after successfully beginning a transaction.
-    - An error is encountered while committing a transaction, then another error is encountered while attempting to roll it back.
-    - An error is encountered while rolling back a transaction.
-
-    *Nick Dower*
-
-*   Active Record query cache now evicts least recently used entries
-
-    By default it only keeps the `100` most recently used queries.
-
-    The cache size can be configured via `database.yml`
-
-    ```yaml
-    development:
-      adapter: mysql2
-      query_cache: 200
-    ```
-
-    It can also be entirely disabled:
-
-    ```yaml
-    development:
-      adapter: mysql2
-      query_cache: false
-    ```
-
-    *Jean Boussier*
-
-*   Deprecate `check_pending!` in favor of `check_all_pending!`.
-
-    `check_pending!` will only check for pending migrations on the current database connection or the one passed in. This has been deprecated in favor of `check_all_pending!` which will find all pending migrations for the database configurations in a given environment.
-
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
-
-*   Make `increment_counter`/`decrement_counter` accept an amount argument
-
-    ```ruby
-    Post.increment_counter(:comments_count, 5, by: 3)
-    ```
-
-    *fatkodima*
-
-*   Add support for `Array#intersect?` to `ActiveRecord::Relation`.
-
-    `Array#intersect?` is only available on Ruby 3.1 or later.
-
-    This allows the Rubocop `Style/ArrayIntersect` cop to work with `ActiveRecord::Relation` objects.
-
-    *John Harry Kelly*
-
-*   The deferrable foreign key can be passed to `t.references`.
-
-    *Hiroyuki Ishii*
-
-*   Deprecate `deferrable: true` option of `add_foreign_key`.
-
-    `deferrable: true` is deprecated in favor of `deferrable: :immediate`, and
-    will be removed in Rails 7.2.
-
-    Because `deferrable: true` and `deferrable: :deferred` are hard to understand.
-    Both true and :deferred are truthy values.
-    This behavior is the same as the deferrable option of the add_unique_key method, added in #46192.
-
-    *Hiroyuki Ishii*
-
-*   `AbstractAdapter#execute` and `#exec_query` now clear the query cache
-
-    If you need to perform a read only SQL query without clearing the query
-    cache, use `AbstractAdapter#select_all`.
-
-    *Jean Boussier*
-
-*   Make `.joins` / `.left_outer_joins` work with CTEs.
-
-    For example:
-
-    ```ruby
-    Post
-     .with(commented_posts: Comment.select(:post_id).distinct)
-     .joins(:commented_posts)
-    #=> WITH (...) SELECT ... INNER JOIN commented_posts on posts.id = commented_posts.post_id
-    ```
-
-    *Vladimir Dementyev*
-
-*   Add a load hook for `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::Mysql2Adapter`
-    (named `active_record_mysql2adapter`) to allow for overriding aspects of the
-    `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::Mysql2Adapter` class. This makes `Mysql2Adapter`
-    consistent with `PostgreSQLAdapter` and `SQLite3Adapter` that already have load hooks.
-
-    *fatkodima*
-
-*   Introduce adapter for Trilogy database client
-
-    Trilogy is a MySQL-compatible database client. Rails applications can use Trilogy
-    by configuring their `config/database.yml`:
-
-    ```yaml
-    development:
-    adapter: trilogy
-    database: blog_development
-    pool: 5
-    ```
-
-    Or by using the `DATABASE_URL` environment variable:
-
-    ```ruby
-    ENV['DATABASE_URL'] # => "trilogy://localhost/blog_development?pool=5"
-    ```
-
-    *Adrianna Chang*
-
-*   `after_commit` callbacks defined on models now execute in the correct order.
-
-    ```ruby
-    class User < ActiveRecord::Base
-      after_commit { puts("this gets called first") }
-      after_commit { puts("this gets called second") }
-    end
-    ```
-
-    Previously, the callbacks executed in the reverse order. To opt in to the new behaviour:
-
-    ```ruby
-    config.active_record.run_after_transaction_callbacks_in_order_defined = true
-    ```
-
-    This is the default for new apps.
-
-    *Alex Ghiculescu*
-
-*   Infer `foreign_key` when `inverse_of` is present on `has_one` and `has_many` associations.
-
-    ```ruby
-    has_many :citations, foreign_key: "book1_id", inverse_of: :book
-    ```
-
-    can be simplified to
-
-    ```ruby
-    has_many :citations, inverse_of: :book
-    ```
-
-    and the foreign_key will be read from the corresponding `belongs_to` association.
-
-    *Daniel Whitney*
-
-*   Limit max length of auto generated index names
-
-    Auto generated index names are now limited to 62 bytes, which fits within
-    the default index name length limits for MySQL, Postgres and SQLite.
-
-    Any index name over the limit will fallback to the new short format.
-
-    Before (too long):
-    ```
-    index_testings_on_foo_and_bar_and_first_name_and_last_name_and_administrator
-    ```
-
-    After (short format):
-    ```
-    idx_on_foo_bar_first_name_last_name_administrator_5939248142
-    ```
-
-    The short format includes a hash to ensure the name is unique database-wide.
-
-    *Mike Coutermarsh*
-
-*   Introduce a more stable and optimized Marshal serializer for Active Record models.
-
-    Can be enabled with `config.active_record.marshalling_format_version = 7.1`.
-
-    *Jean Boussier*
-
-*   Allow specifying where clauses with column-tuple syntax.
-
-    Querying through `#where` now accepts a new tuple-syntax which accepts, as
-    a key, an array of columns and, as a value, an array of corresponding tuples.
-    The key specifies a list of columns, while the value is an array of
-    ordered-tuples that conform to the column list.
-
-    For instance:
-
-    ```ruby
-    # Cpk::Book => Cpk::Book(author_id: integer, number: integer, title: string, revision: integer)
-    # Cpk::Book.primary_key => ["author_id", "number"]
-
-    book = Cpk::Book.create!(author_id: 1, number: 1)
-    Cpk::Book.where(Cpk::Book.primary_key => [[1, 2]]) # => [book]
-
-    # Topic => Topic(id: integer, title: string, author_name: string...)
-
-    Topic.where([:title, :author_name] => [["The Alchemist", "Paulo Coelho"], ["Harry Potter", "J.K Rowling"]])
-    ```
-
-    *Paarth Madan*
-
-*   Allow warning codes to be ignore when reporting SQL warnings.
-
-    Active Record config that can ignore warning codes
-
-    ```ruby
-    # Configure allowlist of warnings that should always be ignored
-    config.active_record.db_warnings_ignore = [
-      "1062", # MySQL Error 1062: Duplicate entry
-    ]
-    ```
-
-    This is supported for the MySQL and PostgreSQL adapters.
-
-    *Nick Borromeo*
-
-*   Introduce `:active_record_fixtures` lazy load hook.
-
-    Hooks defined with this name will be run whenever `TestFixtures` is included
-    in a class.
-
-    ```ruby
-    ActiveSupport.on_load(:active_record_fixtures) do
-      self.fixture_paths << "test/fixtures"
-    end
-
-    klass = Class.new
-    klass.include(ActiveRecord::TestFixtures)
-
-    klass.fixture_paths # => ["test/fixtures"]
-    ```
-
-    *Andrew Novoselac*
-
-*   Introduce `TestFixtures#fixture_paths`.
-
-    Multiple fixture paths can now be specified using the `#fixture_paths` accessor.
-    Apps will continue to have `test/fixtures` as their one fixture path by default,
-    but additional fixture paths can be specified.
-
-    ```ruby
-    ActiveSupport::TestCase.fixture_paths << "component1/test/fixtures"
-    ActiveSupport::TestCase.fixture_paths << "component2/test/fixtures"
-    ```
-
-    `TestFixtures#fixture_path` is now deprecated.
-
-    *Andrew Novoselac*
-
-*   Adds support for deferrable exclude constraints in PostgreSQL.
-
-    By default, exclude constraints in PostgreSQL are checked after each statement.
-    This works for most use cases, but becomes a major limitation when replacing
-    records with overlapping ranges by using multiple statements.
-
-    ```ruby
-    exclusion_constraint :users, "daterange(valid_from, valid_to) WITH &&", deferrable: :immediate
-    ```
-
-    Passing `deferrable: :immediate` checks constraint after each statement,
-    but allows manually deferring the check using `SET CONSTRAINTS ALL DEFERRED`
-    within a transaction. This will cause the excludes to be checked after the transaction.
-
-    It's also possible to change the default behavior from an immediate check
-    (after the statement), to a deferred check (after the transaction):
-
-    ```ruby
-    exclusion_constraint :users, "daterange(valid_from, valid_to) WITH &&", deferrable: :deferred
-    ```
-
-    *Hiroyuki Ishii*
-
-*   Respect `foreign_type` option to `delegated_type` for `{role}_class` method.
-
-    Usage of `delegated_type` with non-conventional `{role}_type` column names can now be specified with `foreign_type` option.
-    This option is the same as `foreign_type` as forwarded to the underlying `belongs_to` association that `delegated_type` wraps.
-
-    *Jason Karns*
-
-*   Add support for unique constraints (PostgreSQL-only).
-
-    ```ruby
-    add_unique_key :sections, [:position], deferrable: :deferred, name: "unique_section_position"
-    remove_unique_key :sections, name: "unique_section_position"
-    ```
-
-    See PostgreSQL's [Unique Constraints](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/ddl-constraints.html#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-UNIQUE-CONSTRAINTS) documentation for more on unique constraints.
-
-    By default, unique constraints in PostgreSQL are checked after each statement.
-    This works for most use cases, but becomes a major limitation when replacing
-    records with unique column by using multiple statements.
-
-    An example of swapping unique columns between records.
-
-    ```ruby
-    # position is unique column
-    old_item = Item.create!(position: 1)
-    new_item = Item.create!(position: 2)
-
-    Item.transaction do
-      old_item.update!(position: 2)
-      new_item.update!(position: 1)
-    end
-    ```
-
-    Using the default behavior, the transaction would fail when executing the
-    first `UPDATE` statement.
-
-    By passing the `:deferrable` option to the `add_unique_key` statement in
-    migrations, it's possible to defer this check.
-
-    ```ruby
-    add_unique_key :items, [:position], deferrable: :immediate
-    ```
-
-    Passing `deferrable: :immediate` does not change the behaviour of the previous example,
-    but allows manually deferring the check using `SET CONSTRAINTS ALL DEFERRED` within a transaction.
-    This will cause the unique constraints to be checked after the transaction.
-
-    It's also possible to adjust the default behavior from an immediate
-    check (after the statement), to a deferred check (after the transaction):
-
-    ```ruby
-    add_unique_key :items, [:position], deferrable: :deferred
-    ```
-
-    If you want to change an existing unique index to deferrable, you can use :using_index
-    to create deferrable unique constraints.
-
-    ```ruby
-    add_unique_key :items, deferrable: :deferred, using_index: "index_items_on_position"
-    ```
-
-    *Hiroyuki Ishii*
-
-*   Remove deprecated `Tasks::DatabaseTasks.schema_file_type`.
-
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
-
-*   Remove deprecated `config.active_record.partial_writes`.
-
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
-
-*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Base` config accessors.
-
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
-
-*   Remove the `:include_replicas` argument from `configs_for`. Use `:include_hidden` argument instead.
-
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
-
-*   Allow applications to lookup a config via a custom hash key.
-
-    If you have registered a custom config or want to find configs where the hash matches a specific key, now you can pass `config_key` to `configs_for`. For example if you have a `db_config` with the key `vitess` you can look up a database configuration hash by  matching that key.
-
-    ```ruby
-    ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "development", name: "primary", config_key: :vitess)
-    ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "development", config_key: :vitess)
-    ```
-
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
-
-*   Allow applications to register a custom database configuration handler.
-
-    Adds a mechanism for registering a custom handler for cases where you want database configurations to respond to custom methods. This is useful for non-Rails database adapters or tools like Vitess that you may want to configure differently from a standard `HashConfig` or `UrlConfig`.
-
-    Given the following database YAML we want the `animals` db to create a `CustomConfig` object instead while the `primary` database will be a `UrlConfig`:
-
-    ```yaml
-    development:
-      primary:
-        url: postgres://localhost/primary
-      animals:
-        url: postgres://localhost/animals
-        custom_config:
-          sharded: 1
-    ```
-
-    To register a custom handler first make a class that has your custom methods:
-
-    ```ruby
-    class CustomConfig < ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::UrlConfig
-      def sharded?
-        custom_config.fetch("sharded", false)
-      end
-
-      private
-        def custom_config
-          configuration_hash.fetch(:custom_config)
-        end
-    end
-    ```
-
-    Then register the config in an initializer:
+    E.g. with the following setup:
 
     ```ruby
-    ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations.register_db_config_handler do |env_name, name, url, config|
-      next unless config.key?(:custom_config)
-      CustomConfig.new(env_name, name, url, config)
+    class Nested::Post < ApplicationRecord
+      has_one :post, through: :other
     end
     ```
 
-    When the application is booted, configuration hashes with the `:custom_config` key will be `CustomConfig` objects and respond to `sharded?`. Applications must handle the condition in which Active Record should use their custom handler.
-
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle and John Crepezzi*
-
-*   `ActiveRecord::Base.serialize` no longer uses YAML by default.
-
-    YAML isn't particularly performant and can lead to security issues
-    if not used carefully.
-
-    Unfortunately there isn't really any good serializers in Ruby's stdlib
-    to replace it.
-
-    The obvious choice would be JSON, which is a fine format for this use case,
-    however the JSON serializer in Ruby's stdlib isn't strict enough, as it fallback
-    to casting unknown types to strings, which could lead to corrupted data.
-
-    Some third party JSON libraries like `Oj` have a suitable strict mode.
-
-    So it's preferable that users choose a serializer based on their own constraints.
-
-    The original default can be restored by setting `config.active_record.default_column_serializer = YAML`.
-
-    *Jean Boussier*
-
-*   `ActiveRecord::Base.serialize` signature changed.
-
-    Rather than a single positional argument that accepts two possible
-    types of values, `serialize` now accepts two distinct keyword arguments.
-
-    Before:
-
-    ```ruby
-    serialize :content, JSON
-    serialize :backtrace, Array
-    ```
-
-    After:
-
-    ```ruby
-    serialize :content, coder: JSON
-    serialize :backtrace, type: Array
-    ```
-
-    *Jean Boussier*
-
-*   YAML columns use `YAML.safe_dump` if available.
-
-    As of `psych 5.1.0`, `YAML.safe_dump` can now apply the same permitted
-    types restrictions than `YAML.safe_load`.
-
-    It's preferable to ensure the payload only use allowed types when we first
-    try to serialize it, otherwise you may end up with invalid records in the
-    database.
-
-    *Jean Boussier*
-
-*   `ActiveRecord::QueryLogs` better handle broken encoding.
-
-    It's not uncommon when building queries with BLOB fields to contain
-    binary data. Unless the call carefully encode the string in ASCII-8BIT
-    it generally end up being encoded in `UTF-8`, and `QueryLogs` would
-    end up failing on it.
-
-    `ActiveRecord::QueryLogs` no longer depend on the query to be properly encoded.
-
-    *Jean Boussier*
-
-*   Fix a bug where `ActiveRecord::Generators::ModelGenerator` would not respect create_table_migration template overrides.
-
-    ```
-    rails g model create_books title:string content:text
-    ```
-    will now read from the create_table_migration.rb.tt template in the following locations in order:
-    ```
-    lib/templates/active_record/model/create_table_migration.rb
-    lib/templates/active_record/migration/create_table_migration.rb
-    ```
-
-    *Spencer Neste*
-
-*   `ActiveRecord::Relation#explain` now accepts options.
-
-    For databases and adapters which support them (currently PostgreSQL
-    and MySQL), options can be passed to `explain` to provide more
-    detailed query plan analysis:
-
-    ```ruby
-    Customer.where(id: 1).joins(:orders).explain(:analyze, :verbose)
-    ```
-
-    *Reid Lynch*
-
-*   Multiple `Arel::Nodes::SqlLiteral` nodes can now be added together to
-    form `Arel::Nodes::Fragments` nodes. This allows joining several pieces
-    of SQL.
-
-    *Matthew Draper*, *Ole Friis*
-
-*   `ActiveRecord::Base#signed_id` raises if called on a new record.
-
-    Previously it would return an ID that was not usable, since it was based on `id = nil`.
-
-    *Alex Ghiculescu*
-
-*   Allow SQL warnings to be reported.
-
-    Active Record configs can be set to enable SQL warning reporting.
-
-    ```ruby
-    # Configure action to take when SQL query produces warning
-    config.active_record.db_warnings_action = :raise
-
-    # Configure allowlist of warnings that should always be ignored
-    config.active_record.db_warnings_ignore = [
-      /Invalid utf8mb4 character string/,
-      "An exact warning message",
-    ]
-    ```
-
-    This is supported for the MySQL and PostgreSQL adapters.
-
-    *Adrianna Chang*, *Paarth Madan*
-
-*   Add `#regroup` query method as a short-hand for `.unscope(:group).group(fields)`
-
-    Example:
-
-    ```ruby
-    Post.group(:title).regroup(:author)
-    # SELECT `posts`.`*` FROM `posts` GROUP BY `posts`.`author`
-    ```
-
-    *Danielius Visockas*
-
-*   PostgreSQL adapter method `enable_extension` now allows parameter to be `[schema_name.]<extension_name>`
-    if the extension must be installed on another schema.
-
-    Example: `enable_extension('heroku_ext.hstore')`
-
-    *Leonardo Luarte*
-
-*   Add `:include` option to `add_index`.
-
-    Add support for including non-key columns in indexes for PostgreSQL
-    with the `INCLUDE` parameter.
-
-    ```ruby
-    add_index(:users, :email, include: [:id, :created_at])
-    ```
-
-    will result in:
-
-    ```sql
-    CREATE INDEX index_users_on_email USING btree (email) INCLUDE (id, created_at)
-    ```
-
-    *Steve Abrams*
-
-*   `ActiveRecord::Relation`’s `#any?`, `#none?`, and `#one?` methods take an optional pattern
-    argument, more closely matching their `Enumerable` equivalents.
-
-    *George Claghorn*
-
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.normalizes` for declaring attribute normalizations.
-
-    An attribute normalization is applied when the attribute is assigned or
-    updated, and the normalized value will be persisted to the database.  The
-    normalization is also applied to the corresponding keyword argument of query
-    methods, allowing records to be queried using unnormalized values.
-
-    For example:
-
-      ```ruby
-      class User < ActiveRecord::Base
-        normalizes :email, with: -> email { email.strip.downcase }
-        normalizes :phone, with: -> phone { phone.delete("^0-9").delete_prefix("1") }
-      end
-
-      user = User.create(email: " CRUISE-CONTROL@EXAMPLE.COM\n")
-      user.email                  # => "cruise-control@example.com"
-
-      user = User.find_by(email: "\tCRUISE-CONTROL@EXAMPLE.COM ")
-      user.email                  # => "cruise-control@example.com"
-      user.email_before_type_cast # => "cruise-control@example.com"
-
-      User.where(email: "\tCRUISE-CONTROL@EXAMPLE.COM ").count         # => 1
-      User.where(["email = ?", "\tCRUISE-CONTROL@EXAMPLE.COM "]).count # => 0
-
-      User.exists?(email: "\tCRUISE-CONTROL@EXAMPLE.COM ")         # => true
-      User.exists?(["email = ?", "\tCRUISE-CONTROL@EXAMPLE.COM "]) # => false
-
-      User.normalize_value_for(:phone, "+1 (555) 867-5309") # => "5558675309"
-      ```
-
-    *Jonathan Hefner*
-
-*   Hide changes to before_committed! callback behaviour behind flag.
-
-    In #46525, behavior around before_committed! callbacks was changed so that callbacks
-    would run on every enrolled record in a transaction, not just the first copy of a record.
-    This change in behavior is now controlled by a configuration option,
-    `config.active_record.before_committed_on_all_records`. It will be enabled by default on Rails 7.1.
-
-    *Adrianna Chang*
-
-*   The `namespaced_controller` Query Log tag now matches the `controller` format
-
-    For example, a request processed by `NameSpaced::UsersController` will now log as:
-
-    ```
-    :controller # "users"
-    :namespaced_controller # "name_spaced/users"
-    ```
-
-    *Alex Ghiculescu*
-
-*   Return only unique ids from ActiveRecord::Calculations#ids
-
-    Updated ActiveRecord::Calculations#ids to only return the unique ids of the base model
-    when using eager_load, preload and includes.
-
-    ```ruby
-    Post.find_by(id: 1).comments.count
-    # => 5
-    Post.includes(:comments).where(id: 1).pluck(:id)
-    # => [1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
-    Post.includes(:comments).where(id: 1).ids
-    # => [1]
-    ```
+    Before, `#post` would infer the model as `Nested::Post`, but now it correctly infers `Post`.
 
     *Joshua Young*
 
-*   Stop using `LOWER()` for case-insensitive queries on `citext` columns
-
-    Previously, `LOWER()` was added for e.g. uniqueness validations with
-    `case_sensitive: false`.
-    It wasn't mentioned in the documentation that the index without `LOWER()`
-    wouldn't be used in this case.
-
-    *Phil Pirozhkov*
-
-*   Extract `#sync_timezone_changes` method in AbstractMysqlAdapter to enable subclasses
-    to sync database timezone changes without overriding `#raw_execute`.
-
-    *Adrianna Chang*, *Paarth Madan*
-
-*   Do not write additional new lines when dumping sql migration versions
-
-    This change updates the `insert_versions_sql` function so that the database insert string containing the current database migration versions does not end with two additional new lines.
-
-    *Misha Schwartz*
-
-*   Fix `composed_of` value freezing and duplication.
-
-    Previously composite values exhibited two confusing behaviors:
-
-    - When reading a compositve value it'd _NOT_ be frozen, allowing it to get out of sync with its underlying database
-      columns.
-    - When writing a compositve value the argument would be frozen, potentially confusing the caller.
-
-    Currently, composite values instantiated based on database columns are frozen (addressing the first issue) and
-    assigned compositve values are duplicated and the duplicate is frozen (addressing the second issue).
-
-    *Greg Navis*
-
-*   Fix redundant updates to the column insensitivity cache
-
-    Fixed redundant queries checking column capability for insensitive
-    comparison.
-
-    *Phil Pirozhkov*
-
-*   Allow disabling methods generated by `ActiveRecord.enum`.
-
-    *Alfred Dominic*
-
-*   Avoid validating `belongs_to` association if it has not changed.
-
-    Previously, when updating a record, Active Record will perform an extra query to check for the presence of
-    `belongs_to` associations (if the presence is configured to be mandatory), even if that attribute hasn't changed.
-
-    Currently, only `belongs_to`-related columns are checked for presence. It is possible to have orphaned records with
-    this approach. To avoid this problem, you need to use a foreign key.
+*   PostgreSQL `Cidr#change?` detects the address prefix change.
 
-    This behavior can be controlled by configuration:
+    *Taketo Takashima*
 
-    ```ruby
-    config.active_record.belongs_to_required_validates_foreign_key = false
-    ```
+*   Change `BatchEnumerator#destroy_all` to return the total number of affected rows.
 
-    and will be disabled by default with `config.load_defaults 7.1`.
+    Previously, it always returned `nil`.
 
     *fatkodima*
 
-*   `has_one` and `belongs_to` associations now define a `reset_association` method
-    on the owner model (where `association` is the name of the association). This
-    method unloads the cached associate record, if any, and causes the next access
-    to query it from the database.
-
-    *George Claghorn*
-
-*   Allow per attribute setting of YAML permitted classes (safe load) and unsafe load.
-
-    *Carlos Palhares*
-
-*   Add a build persistence method
-
-    Provides a wrapper for `new`, to provide feature parity with `create`s
-    ability to create multiple records from an array of hashes, using the
-    same notation as the `build` method on associations.
-
-    *Sean Denny*
-
-*   Raise on assignment to readonly attributes
-
-    ```ruby
-    class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
-      attr_readonly :content
-    end
-    Post.create!(content: "cannot be updated")
-    post.content # "cannot be updated"
-    post.content = "something else" # => ActiveRecord::ReadonlyAttributeError
-    ```
-
-    Previously, assignment would succeed but silently not write to the database.
-
-    This behavior can be controlled by configuration:
-
-    ```ruby
-    config.active_record.raise_on_assign_to_attr_readonly = true
-    ```
-
-    and will be enabled by default with `config.load_defaults 7.1`.
-
-    *Alex Ghiculescu*, *Hartley McGuire*
-
-*   Allow unscoping of preload and eager_load associations
-
-    Added the ability to unscope preload and eager_load associations just like
-    includes, joins, etc. See ActiveRecord::QueryMethods::VALID_UNSCOPING_VALUES
-    for the full list of supported unscopable scopes.
-
-    ```ruby
-    query.unscope(:eager_load, :preload).group(:id).select(:id)
-    ```
-
-    *David Morehouse*
-
-*   Add automatic filtering of encrypted attributes on inspect
-
-    This feature is enabled by default but can be disabled with
+*   Support `touch_all` in batches.
 
     ```ruby
-    config.active_record.encryption.add_to_filter_parameters = false
+    Post.in_batches.touch_all
     ```
 
-    *Hartley McGuire*
-
-*   Clear locking column on #dup
-
-    This change fixes not to duplicate locking_column like id and timestamps.
-
-    ```
-    car = Car.create!
-    car.touch
-    car.lock_version #=> 1
-    car.dup.lock_version #=> 0
-    ```
-
-    *Shouichi Kamiya*, *Seonggi Yang*, *Ryohei UEDA*
-
-*   Invalidate transaction as early as possible
-
-    After rescuing a `TransactionRollbackError` exception Rails invalidates transactions earlier in the flow
-    allowing the framework to skip issuing the `ROLLBACK` statement in more cases.
-    Only affects adapters that have `savepoint_errors_invalidate_transactions?` configured as `true`,
-    which at this point is only applicable to the `mysql2` adapter.
-
-    *Nikita Vasilevsky*
-
-*   Allow configuring columns list to be used in SQL queries issued by an `ActiveRecord::Base` object
-
-    It is now possible to configure columns list that will be used to build an SQL query clauses when
-    updating, deleting or reloading an `ActiveRecord::Base` object
-
-    ```ruby
-    class Developer < ActiveRecord::Base
-      query_constraints :company_id, :id
-    end
-    developer = Developer.first.update(name: "Bob")
-    # => UPDATE "developers" SET "name" = 'Bob' WHERE "developers"."company_id" = 1 AND "developers"."id" = 1
-    ```
-
-    *Nikita Vasilevsky*
-
-*   Adds `validate` to foreign keys and check constraints in schema.rb
-
-    Previously, `schema.rb` would not record if `validate: false` had been used when adding a foreign key or check
-    constraint, so restoring a database from the schema could result in foreign keys or check constraints being
-    incorrectly validated.
-
-    *Tommy Graves*
-
-*   Adapter `#execute` methods now accept an `allow_retry` option. When set to `true`, the SQL statement will be
-    retried, up to the database's configured `connection_retries` value, upon encountering connection-related errors.
-
-    *Adrianna Chang*
-
-*   Only trigger `after_commit :destroy` callbacks when a database row is deleted.
-
-    This prevents `after_commit :destroy` callbacks from being triggered again
-    when `destroy` is called multiple times on the same record.
-
-    *Ben Sheldon*
-
-*   Fix `ciphertext_for` for yet-to-be-encrypted values.
-
-    Previously, `ciphertext_for` returned the cleartext of values that had not
-    yet been encrypted, such as with an unpersisted record:
-
-      ```ruby
-      Post.encrypts :body
-
-      post = Post.create!(body: "Hello")
-      post.ciphertext_for(:body)
-      # => "{\"p\":\"abc..."
-
-      post.body = "World"
-      post.ciphertext_for(:body)
-      # => "World"
-      ```
-
-    Now, `ciphertext_for` will always return the ciphertext of encrypted
-    attributes:
-
-      ```ruby
-      Post.encrypts :body
-
-      post = Post.create!(body: "Hello")
-      post.ciphertext_for(:body)
-      # => "{\"p\":\"abc..."
-
-      post.body = "World"
-      post.ciphertext_for(:body)
-      # => "{\"p\":\"xyz..."
-      ```
-
-    *Jonathan Hefner*
-
-*   Fix a bug where using groups and counts with long table names would return incorrect results.
-
-    *Shota Toguchi*, *Yusaku Ono*
-
-*   Fix encryption of column default values.
-
-    Previously, encrypted attributes that used column default values appeared to
-    be encrypted on create, but were not:
-
-      ```ruby
-      Book.encrypts :name
-
-      book = Book.create!
-      book.name
-      # => "<untitled>"
-      book.name_before_type_cast
-      # => "{\"p\":\"abc..."
-      book.reload.name_before_type_cast
-      # => "<untitled>"
-      ```
-
-    Now, attributes with column default values are encrypted:
-
-      ```ruby
-      Book.encrypts :name
-
-      book = Book.create!
-      book.name
-      # => "<untitled>"
-      book.name_before_type_cast
-      # => "{\"p\":\"abc..."
-      book.reload.name_before_type_cast
-      # => "{\"p\":\"abc..."
-      ```
-
-    *Jonathan Hefner*
-
-*   Deprecate delegation from `Base` to `connection_handler`.
-
-    Calling `Base.clear_all_connections!`, `Base.clear_active_connections!`, `Base.clear_reloadable_connections!` and `Base.flush_idle_connections!` is deprecated. Please call these methods on the connection handler directly. In future Rails versions, the delegation from `Base` to the `connection_handler` will be removed.
-
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
-
-*   Allow ActiveRecord::QueryMethods#reselect to receive hash values, similar to ActiveRecord::QueryMethods#select
-
-    *Sampat Badhe*
-
-*   Validate options when managing columns and tables in migrations.
-
-    If an invalid option is passed to a migration method like `create_table` and `add_column`, an error will be raised
-    instead of the option being silently ignored. Validation of the options will only be applied for new migrations
-    that are created.
-
-    *Guo Xiang Tan*, *George Wambold*
-
-*   Update query log tags to use the [SQLCommenter](https://open-telemetry.github.io/opentelemetry-sqlcommenter/) format by default. See [#46179](https://github.com/rails/rails/issues/46179)
-
-    To opt out of SQLCommenter-formatted query log tags, set `config.active_record.query_log_tags_format = :legacy`. By default, this is set to `:sqlcommenter`.
-
-    *Modulitos* and *Iheanyi*
-
-*   Allow any ERB in the database.yml when creating rake tasks.
-
-    Any ERB can be used in `database.yml` even if it accesses environment
-    configurations.
-
-    Deprecates `config.active_record.suppress_multiple_database_warning`.
-
-    *Eike Send*
+    *fatkodima*
 
-*   Add table to error for duplicate column definitions.
+*   Add support for `:if_not_exists` and `:force` options to `create_schema`.
 
-    If a migration defines duplicate columns for a table, the error message
-    shows which table it concerns.
+    *fatkodima*
 
-    *Petrik de Heus*
+*   Fix `index_errors` having incorrect index in association validation errors.
 
-*   Fix erroneous nil default precision on virtual datetime columns.
+    *lulalala*
 
-    Prior to this change, virtual datetime columns did not have the same
-    default precision as regular datetime columns, resulting in the following
-    being erroneously equivalent:
+*   Add `index_errors: :nested_attributes_order` mode.
 
-        t.virtual :name, type: datetime,                 as: "expression"
-        t.virtual :name, type: datetime, precision: nil, as: "expression"
+    This indexes the association validation errors based on the order received by nested attributes setter, and respects the `reject_if` configuration. This enables API to provide enough information to the frontend to map the validation errors back to their respective form fields.
 
-    This change fixes the default precision lookup, so virtual and regular
-    datetime column default precisions match.
+    *lulalala*
 
-    *Sam Bostock*
+*   Add `Rails.application.config.active_record.postgresql_adapter_decode_dates` to opt out of decoding dates automatically with the postgresql adapter. Defaults to true.
 
-*   Use connection from `#with_raw_connection` in `#quote_string`.
+    *Joé Dupuis*
 
-    This ensures that the string quoting is wrapped in the reconnect and retry logic
-    that `#with_raw_connection` offers.
+*   Association option `query_constraints` is deprecated in favor of `foreign_key`.
 
-    *Adrianna Chang*
+    *Nikita Vasilevsky*
 
-*   Add `expires_at` option to `signed_id`.
+*   Add `ENV["SKIP_TEST_DATABASE_TRUNCATE"]` flag to speed up multi-process test runs on large DBs when all tests run within default transaction.
 
-    *Shouichi Kamiya*
+    This cuts ~10s from the test run of HEY when run by 24 processes against the 178 tables, since ~4,000 table truncates can then be skipped.
 
-*   Allow applications to set retry deadline for query retries.
+    *DHH*
 
-    Building on the work done in #44576 and #44591, we extend the logic that automatically
-    reconnects database connections to take into account a timeout limit. We won't retry
-    a query if a given amount of time has elapsed since the query was first attempted. This
-    value defaults to nil, meaning that all retryable queries are retried regardless of time elapsed,
-    but this can be changed via the `retry_deadline` option in the database config.
+*   Added support for recursive common table expressions.
 
-    *Adrianna Chang*
+    ```ruby
+    Post.with_recursive(
+      post_and_replies: [
+        Post.where(id: 42),
+        Post.joins('JOIN post_and_replies ON posts.in_reply_to_id = post_and_replies.id'),
+      ]
+    )
+    ```
 
-*   Fix a case where the query cache can return wrong values. See #46044
+    Generates the following SQL:
 
-    *Aaron Patterson*
+    ```sql
+    WITH RECURSIVE "post_and_replies" AS (
+      (SELECT "posts".* FROM "posts" WHERE "posts"."id" = 42)
+      UNION ALL
+      (SELECT "posts".* FROM "posts" JOIN post_and_replies ON posts.in_reply_to_id = post_and_replies.id)
+    )
+    SELECT "posts".* FROM "posts"
+    ```
 
-*   Support MySQL's ssl-mode option for MySQLDatabaseTasks.
+    *ClearlyClaire*
 
-    Verifying the identity of the database server requires setting the ssl-mode
-    option to VERIFY_CA or VERIFY_IDENTITY. This option was previously ignored
-    for MySQL database tasks like creating a database and dumping the structure.
+*   `validate_constraint` can be called in a `change_table` block.
 
-    *Petrik de Heus*
+    ex:
+    ```ruby
+    change_table :products do |t|
+      t.check_constraint "price > discounted_price", name: "price_check", validate: false
+      t.validate_check_constraint "price_check"
+    end
+    ```
 
-*   Move `ActiveRecord::InternalMetadata` to an independent object.
+    *Cody Cutrer*
 
-    `ActiveRecord::InternalMetadata` no longer inherits from `ActiveRecord::Base` and is now an independent object that should be instantiated with a `connection`. This class is private and should not be used by applications directly. If you want to interact with the schema migrations table, please access it on the connection directly, for example: `ActiveRecord::Base.connection.schema_migration`.
+*   `PostgreSQLAdapter` now decodes columns of type date to `Date` instead of string.
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+    Ex:
+    ```ruby
+    ActiveRecord::Base.connection
+         .select_value("select '2024-01-01'::date").class #=> Date
+    ```
 
-*   Deprecate quoting `ActiveSupport::Duration` as an integer
+    *Joé Dupuis*
 
-    Using ActiveSupport::Duration as an interpolated bind parameter in a SQL
-    string template is deprecated. To avoid this warning, you should explicitly
-    convert the duration to a more specific database type. For example, if you
-    want to use a duration as an integer number of seconds:
-    ```
-    Record.where("duration = ?", 1.hour.to_i)
-    ```
-    If you want to use a duration as an ISO 8601 string:
-    ```
-    Record.where("duration = ?", 1.hour.iso8601)
-    ```
+*   Strict loading using `:n_plus_one_only` does not eagerly load child associations.
 
-    *Aram Greenman*
+    With this change, child associations are no longer eagerly loaded, to
+    match intended behavior and to prevent non-deterministic order issues caused
+    by calling methods like `first` or `last`. As `first` and `last` don't cause
+    an N+1 by themselves, calling child associations will no longer raise.
+    Fixes #49473.
 
-*   Allow `QueryMethods#in_order_of` to order by a string column name.
+    Before:
 
     ```ruby
-    Post.in_order_of("id", [4,2,3,1]).to_a
-    Post.joins(:author).in_order_of("authors.name", ["Bob", "Anna", "John"]).to_a
+    person = Person.find(1)
+    person.strict_loading!(mode: :n_plus_one_only)
+    person.posts.first
+    # SELECT * FROM posts WHERE person_id = 1; -- non-deterministic order
+    person.posts.first.firm # raises ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError
     ```
 
-    *Igor Kasyanchuk*
-
-*   Move `ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration` to an independent object.
+    After:
 
-    `ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration` no longer inherits from `ActiveRecord::Base` and is now an independent object that should be instantiated with a `connection`. This class is private and should not be used by applications directly. If you want to interact with the schema migrations table, please access it on the connection directly, for example: `ActiveRecord::Base.connection.schema_migration`.
+    ```ruby
+    person = Person.find(1)
+    person.strict_loading!(mode: :n_plus_one_only)
+    person.posts.first # this is 1+1, not N+1
+    # SELECT * FROM posts WHERE person_id = 1 ORDER BY id LIMIT 1;
+    person.posts.first.firm # no longer raises
+    ```
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+    *Reid Lynch*
 
-*   Deprecate `all_connection_pools` and make `connection_pool_list` more explicit.
+*   Allow `Sqlite3Adapter` to use `sqlite3` gem version `2.x`.
 
-    Following on #45924 `all_connection_pools` is now deprecated. `connection_pool_list` will either take an explicit role or applications can opt into the new behavior by passing `:all`.
+    *Mike Dalessio*
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+*   Allow `ActiveRecord::Base#pluck` to accept hash values.
 
-*   Fix connection handler methods to operate on all pools.
+    ```ruby
+    # Before
+    Post.joins(:comments).pluck("posts.id", "comments.id", "comments.body")
 
-    `active_connections?`, `clear_active_connections!`, `clear_reloadable_connections!`, `clear_all_connections!`, and `flush_idle_connections!` now operate on all pools by default. Previously they would default to using the `current_role` or `:writing` role unless specified.
+    # After
+    Post.joins(:comments).pluck(posts: [:id], comments: [:id, :body])
+    ```
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+    *fatkodima*
 
+*   Raise an `ActiveRecord::ActiveRecordError` error when the MySQL database returns an invalid version string.
 
-*   Allow ActiveRecord::QueryMethods#select to receive hash values.
+    *Kevin McPhillips*
 
-    Currently, `select` might receive only raw sql and symbols to define columns and aliases to select.
+*   `ActiveRecord::Base.transaction` now yields an `ActiveRecord::Transaction` object.
 
-    With this change we can provide `hash` as argument, for example:
+    This allows to register callbacks on it.
 
     ```ruby
-    Post.joins(:comments).select(posts: [:id, :title, :created_at], comments: [:id, :body, :author_id])
-    #=> "SELECT \"posts\".\"id\", \"posts\".\"title\", \"posts\".\"created_at\", \"comments\".\"id\", \"comments\".\"body\", \"comments\".\"author_id\"
-    #   FROM \"posts\" INNER JOIN \"comments\" ON \"comments\".\"post_id\" = \"posts\".\"id\""
-
-    Post.joins(:comments).select(posts: { id: :post_id, title: :post_title }, comments: { id: :comment_id, body: :comment_body })
-    #=> "SELECT posts.id as post_id, posts.title as post_title, comments.id as comment_id, comments.body as comment_body
-    #    FROM \"posts\" INNER JOIN \"comments\" ON \"comments\".\"post_id\" = \"posts\".\"id\""
+    Article.transaction do |transaction|
+      article.update(published: true)
+      transaction.after_commit do
+        PublishNotificationMailer.with(article: article).deliver_later
+      end
+    end
     ```
-    *Oleksandr Holubenko*, *Josef Šimánek*, *Jean Boussier*
 
-*   Adapts virtual attributes on `ActiveRecord::Persistence#becomes`.
+    *Jean Boussier*
+
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.current_transaction`.
 
-    When source and target classes have a different set of attributes adapts
-    attributes such that the extra attributes from target are added.
+    Returns the current transaction, to allow registering callbacks on it.
 
     ```ruby
-    class Person < ApplicationRecord
+    Article.current_transaction.after_commit do
+      PublishNotificationMailer.with(article: article).deliver_later
     end
+    ```
+
+    *Jean Boussier*
+
+*   Add `ActiveRecord.after_all_transactions_commit` callback.
 
-    class WebUser < Person
-      attribute :is_admin, :boolean
-      after_initialize :set_admin
+    Useful for code that may run either inside or outside a transaction and needs
+    to perform work after the state changes have been properly persisted.
 
-      def set_admin
-        write_attribute(:is_admin, email =~ /@ourcompany\.com$/)
+    ```ruby
+    def publish_article(article)
+      article.update(published: true)
+      ActiveRecord.after_all_transactions_commit do
+        PublishNotificationMailer.with(article: article).deliver_later
       end
     end
-
-    person = Person.find_by(email: "email@ourcompany.com")
-    person.respond_to? :is_admin
-    # => false
-    person.becomes(WebUser).is_admin?
-    # => true
     ```
 
-    *Jacopo Beschi*, *Sampson Crowley*
+    In the above example, the block is either executed immediately if called outside
+    of a transaction, or called after the open transaction is committed.
 
-*   Fix `ActiveRecord::QueryMethods#in_order_of` to include `nil`s, to match the
-    behavior of `Enumerable#in_order_of`.
+    If the transaction is rolled back, the block isn't called.
 
-    For example, `Post.in_order_of(:title, [nil, "foo"])` will now include posts
-    with `nil` titles, the same as `Post.all.to_a.in_order_of(:title, [nil, "foo"])`.
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-    *fatkodima*
+*   Add the ability to ignore counter cache columns until they are backfilled.
 
-*   Optimize `add_timestamps` to use a single SQL statement.
+    Starting to use counter caches on existing large tables can be troublesome, because the column
+    values must be backfilled separately of the column addition (to not lock the table for too long)
+    and before the use of `:counter_cache` (otherwise methods like `size`/`any?`/etc, which use
+    counter caches internally, can produce incorrect results). People usually use database triggers
+    or callbacks on child associations while backfilling before introducing a counter cache
+    configuration to the association.
+
+    Now, to safely backfill the column, while keeping the column updated with child records added/removed, use:
 
     ```ruby
-    add_timestamps :my_table
+    class Comment < ApplicationRecord
+      belongs_to :post, counter_cache: { active: false }
+    end
     ```
 
-    Now results in the following SQL:
+    While the counter cache is not "active", the methods like `size`/`any?`/etc will not use it,
+    but get the results directly from the database. After the counter cache column is backfilled, simply
+    remove the `{ active: false }` part from the counter cache definition, and it will now be used by the
+    mentioned methods.
 
-    ```sql
-    ALTER TABLE "my_table" ADD COLUMN "created_at" datetime(6) NOT NULL, ADD COLUMN "updated_at" datetime(6) NOT NULL
-    ```
+    *fatkodima*
+
+*   Retry known idempotent SELECT queries on connection-related exceptions.
 
-    *Iliana Hadzhiatanasova*
+    SELECT queries we construct by walking the Arel tree and / or with known model attributes
+    are idempotent and can safely be retried in the case of a connection error. Previously,
+    adapters such as `TrilogyAdapter` would raise `ActiveRecord::ConnectionFailed: Trilogy::EOFError`
+    when encountering a connection error mid-request.
+
+    *Adrianna Chang*
 
-*   Add `drop_enum` migration command for PostgreSQL
+*   Allow association's `foreign_key` to be composite.
 
-    This does the inverse of `create_enum`. Before dropping an enum, ensure you have
-    dropped columns that depend on it.
+    `query_constraints` option was the only way to configure a composite foreign key by passing an `Array`.
+    Now it's possible to pass an Array value as `foreign_key` to achieve the same behavior of an association.
 
-    *Alex Ghiculescu*
+    *Nikita Vasilevsky*
 
-*   Adds support for `if_exists` option when removing a check constraint.
+*   Allow association's `primary_key` to be composite.
 
-    The `remove_check_constraint` method now accepts an `if_exists` option. If set
-    to true an error won't be raised if the check constraint doesn't exist.
+    Association's `primary_key` can be composite when derived from associated model `primary_key` or `query_constraints`.
+    Now it's possible to explicitly set it as composite on the association.
 
-    *Margaret Parsa* and *Aditya Bhutani*
+    *Nikita Vasilevsky*
 
-*   `find_or_create_by` now try to find a second time if it hits a unicity constraint.
+*   Add `config.active_record.permanent_connection_checkout` setting.
 
-    `find_or_create_by` always has been inherently racy, either creating multiple
-    duplicate records or failing with `ActiveRecord::RecordNotUnique` depending on
-    whether a proper unicity constraint was set.
+    Controls whether `ActiveRecord::Base.connection` raises an error, emits a deprecation warning, or neither.
 
-    `create_or_find_by` was introduced for this use case, however it's quite wasteful
-    when the record is expected to exist most of the time, as INSERT require to send
-    more data than SELECT and require more work from the database. Also on some
-    databases it can actually consume a primary key increment which is undesirable.
+    `ActiveRecord::Base.connection` checkouts a database connection from the pool and keeps it leased until the end of
+    the request or job. This behavior can be undesirable in environments that use many more threads or fibers than there
+    is available connections.
 
-    So for case where most of the time the record is expected to exist, `find_or_create_by`
-    can be made race-condition free by re-trying the `find` if the `create` failed
-    with `ActiveRecord::RecordNotUnique`. This assumes that the table has the proper
-    unicity constraints, if not, `find_or_create_by` will still lead to duplicated records.
+    This configuration can be used to track down and eliminate code that calls `ActiveRecord::Base.connection` and
+    migrate it to use `ActiveRecord::Base.with_connection` instead.
 
-    *Jean Boussier*, *Alex Kitchens*
+    The default behavior remains unchanged, and there is currently no plans to change the default.
 
-*   Introduce a simpler constructor API for ActiveRecord database adapters.
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-    Previously the adapter had to know how to build a new raw connection to
-    support reconnect, but also expected to be passed an initial already-
-    established connection.
+*   Add dirties option to uncached.
 
-    When manually creating an adapter instance, it will now accept a single
-    config hash, and only establish the real connection on demand.
+    This adds a `dirties` option to `ActiveRecord::Base.uncached` and
+    `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionPool#uncached`.
 
-    *Matthew Draper*
+    When set to `true` (the default), writes will clear all query caches belonging to the current thread.
+    When set to `false`, writes to the affected connection pool will not clear any query cache.
 
-*   Avoid redundant `SELECT 1` connection-validation query during DB pool
-    checkout when possible.
+    This is needed by Solid Cache so that cache writes do not clear query caches.
 
-    If the first query run during a request is known to be idempotent, it can be
-    used directly to validate the connection, saving a network round-trip.
+    *Donal McBreen*
 
-    *Matthew Draper*
+*   Deprecate `ActiveRecord::Base.connection` in favor of `.lease_connection`.
 
-*   Automatically reconnect broken database connections when safe, even
-    mid-request.
+    The method has been renamed as `lease_connection` to better reflect that the returned
+    connection will be held for the duration of the request or job.
 
-    When an error occurs while attempting to run a known-idempotent query, and
-    not inside a transaction, it is safe to immediately reconnect to the
-    database server and try again, so this is now the default behavior.
+    This deprecation is a soft deprecation, no warnings will be issued and there is no
+    current plan to remove the method.
 
-    This new default should always be safe -- to support that, it's consciously
-    conservative about which queries are considered idempotent -- but if
-    necessary it can be disabled by setting the `connection_retries` connection
-    option to `0`.
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-    *Matthew Draper*
+*   Deprecate `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionPool#connection`.
 
-*   Avoid removing a PostgreSQL extension when there are dependent objects.
+    The method has been renamed as `lease_connection` to better reflect that the returned
+    connection will be held for the duration of the request or job.
 
-    Previously, removing an extension also implicitly removed dependent objects. Now, this will raise an error.
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-    You can force removing the extension:
+*   Expose a generic fixture accessor for fixture names that may conflict with Minitest.
 
     ```ruby
-    disable_extension :citext, force: :cascade
+    assert_equal "Ruby on Rails", web_sites(:rubyonrails).name
+    assert_equal "Ruby on Rails", fixture(:web_sites, :rubyonrails).name
     ```
 
-    Fixes #29091.
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-    *fatkodima*
+*   Using `Model.query_constraints` with a single non-primary-key column used to raise as expected, but with an
+    incorrect error message.
 
-*   Allow nested functions as safe SQL string
+    This has been fixed to raise with a more appropriate error message.
 
-    *Michael Siegfried*
+    *Joshua Young*
 
-*   Allow `destroy_association_async_job=` to be configured with a class string instead of a constant.
+*   Fix `has_one` association autosave setting the foreign key attribute when it is unchanged.
 
-    Defers an autoloading dependency between `ActiveRecord::Base` and `ActiveJob::Base`
-    and moves the configuration of `ActiveRecord::DestroyAssociationAsyncJob`
-    from ActiveJob to ActiveRecord.
+    This behavior is also inconsistent with autosaving `belongs_to` and can have unintended side effects like raising
+    an `ActiveRecord::ReadonlyAttributeError` when the foreign key attribute is marked as read-only.
 
-    Deprecates `ActiveRecord::ActiveJobRequiredError` and now raises a `NameError`
-    if the job class is unloadable or an `ActiveRecord::ConfigurationError` if
-    `dependent: :destroy_async` is declared on an association but there is no job
-    class configured.
+    *Joshua Young*
 
-    *Ben Sheldon*
+*   Remove deprecated behavior that would rollback a transaction block when exited using `return`, `break` or `throw`.
 
-*   Fix `ActiveRecord::Store` to serialize as a regular Hash
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    Previously it would serialize as an `ActiveSupport::HashWithIndifferentAccess`
-    which is wasteful and cause problem with YAML safe_load.
+*   Deprecate `Rails.application.config.active_record.commit_transaction_on_non_local_return`.
 
-    *Jean Boussier*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Add `timestamptz` as a time zone aware type for PostgreSQL
+*   Remove deprecated support to pass `rewhere` to `ActiveRecord::Relation#merge`.
 
-    This is required for correctly parsing `timestamp with time zone` values in your database.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    If you don't want this, you can opt out by adding this initializer:
+*   Remove deprecated support to pass `deferrable: true` to `add_foreign_key`.
 
-    ```ruby
-    ActiveRecord::Base.time_zone_aware_types -= [:timestamptz]
-    ```
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Alex Ghiculescu*
+*   Remove deprecated support to quote `ActiveSupport::Duration`.
 
-*   Add new `ActiveRecord::Base.generates_token_for` API.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    Currently, `signed_id` fulfills the role of generating tokens for e.g.
-    resetting a password.  However, signed IDs cannot reflect record state, so
-    if a token is intended to be single-use, it must be tracked in a database at
-    least until it expires.
+*   Remove deprecated `#quote_bound_value`.
 
-    With `generates_token_for`, a token can embed data from a record.  When
-    using the token to fetch the record, the data from the token and the current
-    data from the record will be compared.  If the two do not match, the token
-    will be treated as invalid, the same as if it had expired.  For example:
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    ```ruby
-    class User < ActiveRecord::Base
-      has_secure_password
-
-      generates_token_for :password_reset, expires_in: 15.minutes do
-        # A password's BCrypt salt changes when the password is updated.
-        # By embedding (part of) the salt in a token, the token will
-        # expire when the password is updated.
-        BCrypt::Password.new(password_digest).salt[-10..]
-      end
-    end
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionPool#connection_klass`.
 
-    user = User.first
-    token = user.generate_token_for(:password_reset)
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    User.find_by_token_for(:password_reset, token) # => user
+*   Remove deprecated support to apply `#connection_pool_list`, `#active_connections?`, `#clear_active_connections!`,
+    `#clear_reloadable_connections!`, `#clear_all_connections!` and `#flush_idle_connections!` to the connections pools
+    for the current role when the `role` argument isn't provided.
 
-    user.update!(password: "new password")
-    User.find_by_token_for(:password_reset, token) # => nil
-    ```
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Jonathan Hefner*
+*   Remove deprecated `#all_connection_pools`.
 
-*   Optimize Active Record batching for whole table iterations.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    Previously, `in_batches` got all the ids and constructed an `IN`-based query for each batch.
-    When iterating over the whole tables, this approach is not optimal as it loads unneeded ids and
-    `IN` queries with lots of items are slow.
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SchemaCache#data_sources`.
 
-    Now, whole table iterations use range iteration (`id >= x AND id <= y`) by default which can make iteration
-    several times faster. E.g., tested on a PostgreSQL table with 10 million records: querying (`253s` vs `30s`),
-    updating (`288s` vs `124s`), deleting (`268s` vs `83s`).
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    Only whole table iterations use this style of iteration by default. You can disable this behavior by passing `use_ranges: false`.
-    If you iterate over the table and the only condition is, e.g., `archived_at: nil` (and only a tiny fraction
-    of the records are archived), it makes sense to opt in to this approach:
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SchemaCache.load_from`.
 
-    ```ruby
-    Project.where(archived_at: nil).in_batches(use_ranges: true) do |relation|
-      # do something
-    end
-    ```
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    See #45414 for more details.
+*   Remove deprecated `#all_foreign_keys_valid?` from database adapters.
 
-    *fatkodima*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   `.with` query method added. Construct common table expressions with ease and get `ActiveRecord::Relation` back.
+*   Remove deprecated support to passing coder and class as second argument to `serialize`.
 
-    ```ruby
-    Post.with(posts_with_comments: Post.where("comments_count > ?", 0))
-    # => ActiveRecord::Relation
-    # WITH posts_with_comments AS (SELECT * FROM posts WHERE (comments_count > 0)) SELECT * FROM posts
-    ```
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Vlado Cingel*
+*   Remove deprecated support to `ActiveRecord::Base#read_attribute(:id)` to return the custom primary key value.
 
-*   Don't establish a new connection if an identical pool exists already.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    Previously, if `establish_connection` was called on a class that already had an established connection, the existing connection would be removed regardless of whether it was the same config. Now if a pool is found with the same values as the new connection, the existing connection will be returned instead of creating a new one.
+*   Remove deprecated `TestFixtures.fixture_path`.
 
-    This has a slight change in behavior if application code is depending on a new connection being established regardless of whether it's identical to an existing connection. If the old behavior is desirable, applications should call `ActiveRecord::Base#remove_connection` before establishing a new one. Calling `establish_connection` with a different config works the same way as it did previously.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+*   Remove deprecated behavior to support referring to a singular association by its plural name.
 
-*   Update `db:prepare` task to load schema when an uninitialized database exists, and dump schema after migrations.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Ben Sheldon*
+*   Deprecate `Rails.application.config.active_record.allow_deprecated_singular_associations_name`.
 
-*   Fix supporting timezone awareness for `tsrange` and `tstzrange` array columns.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    ```ruby
-    # In database migrations
-    add_column :shops, :open_hours, :tsrange, array: true
-    # In app config
-    ActiveRecord::Base.time_zone_aware_types += [:tsrange]
-    # In the code times are properly converted to app time zone
-    Shop.create!(open_hours: [Time.current..8.hour.from_now])
-    ```
+*   Remove deprecated support to passing `SchemaMigration` and `InternalMetadata` classes as arguments to
+    `ActiveRecord::MigrationContext`.
 
-    *Wojciech Wnętrzak*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Introduce strategy pattern for executing migrations.
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Migration.check_pending` method.
 
-    By default, migrations will use a strategy object that delegates the method
-    to the connection adapter. Consumers can implement custom strategy objects
-    to change how their migrations run.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Adrianna Chang*
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::LogSubscriber.runtime` method.
 
-*   Add adapter option disallowing foreign keys
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    This adds a new option to be added to `database.yml` which enables skipping
-    foreign key constraints usage even if the underlying database supports them.
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::LogSubscriber.runtime=` method.
 
-    Usage:
-    ```yaml
-    development:
-        <<: *default
-        database: storage/development.sqlite3
-        foreign_keys: false
-    ```
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Paulo Barros*
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::LogSubscriber.reset_runtime` method.
 
-*   Add configurable deprecation warning for singular associations
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    This adds a deprecation warning when using the plural name of a singular associations in `where`.
-    It is possible to opt into the new more performant behavior with `config.active_record.allow_deprecated_singular_associations_name = false`
+*   Remove deprecated support to define `explain` in the connection adapter with 2 arguments.
 
-    *Adam Hess*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Run transactional callbacks on the freshest instance to save a given
-    record within a transaction.
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::ActiveJobRequiredError`.
 
-    When multiple Active Record instances change the same record within a
-    transaction, Rails runs `after_commit` or `after_rollback` callbacks for
-    only one of them. `config.active_record.run_commit_callbacks_on_first_saved_instances_in_transaction`
-    was added to specify how Rails chooses which instance receives the
-    callbacks. The framework defaults were changed to use the new logic.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    When `config.active_record.run_commit_callbacks_on_first_saved_instances_in_transaction`
-    is `true`, transactional callbacks are run on the first instance to save,
-    even though its instance state may be stale.
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Base.clear_active_connections!`.
 
-    When it is `false`, which is the new framework default starting with version
-    7.1, transactional callbacks are run on the instances with the freshest
-    instance state. Those instances are chosen as follows:
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    - In general, run transactional callbacks on the last instance to save a
-      given record within the transaction.
-    - There are two exceptions:
-        - If the record is created within the transaction, then updated by
-          another instance, `after_create_commit` callbacks will be run on the
-          second instance. This is instead of the `after_update_commit`
-          callbacks that would naively be run based on that instance’s state.
-        - If the record is destroyed within the transaction, then
-          `after_destroy_commit` callbacks will be fired on the last destroyed
-          instance, even if a stale instance subsequently performed an update
-          (which will have affected 0 rows).
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Base.clear_reloadable_connections!`.
 
-    *Cameron Bothner and Mitch Vollebregt*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Enable strict strings mode for `SQLite3Adapter`.
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Base.clear_all_connections!`.
 
-    Configures SQLite with a strict strings mode, which disables double-quoted string literals.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    SQLite has some quirks around double-quoted string literals.
-    It first tries to consider double-quoted strings as identifier names, but if they don't exist
-    it then considers them as string literals. Because of this, typos can silently go unnoticed.
-    For example, it is possible to create an index for a non existing column.
-    See [SQLite documentation](https://www.sqlite.org/quirks.html#double_quoted_string_literals_are_accepted) for more details.
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Base.flush_idle_connections!`.
 
-    If you don't want this behavior, you can disable it via:
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    ```ruby
-    # config/application.rb
-    config.active_record.sqlite3_adapter_strict_strings_by_default = false
-    ```
+*   Remove deprecated `name` argument from `ActiveRecord::Base.remove_connection`.
 
-    Fixes #27782.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *fatkodima*, *Jean Boussier*
+*   Remove deprecated support to call `alias_attribute` with non-existent attribute names.
 
-*   Resolve issue where a relation cache_version could be left stale.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    Previously, when `reset` was called on a relation object it did not reset the cache_versions
-    ivar. This led to a confusing situation where despite having the correct data the relation
-    still reported a stale cache_version.
+*   Remove deprecated `Rails.application.config.active_record.suppress_multiple_database_warning`.
 
-    Usage:
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    ```ruby
-    developers = Developer.all
-    developers.cache_version
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Encryption::MessagePackMessageSerializer`.
 
-    Developer.update_all(updated_at: Time.now.utc + 1.second)
+    Serialize data to the MessagePack format, for efficient storage in binary columns.
 
-    developers.cache_version # Stale cache_version
-    developers.reset
-    developers.cache_version # Returns the current correct cache_version
-    ```
+    The binary encoding requires around 30% less space than the base64 encoding
+    used by the default serializer.
 
-    Fixes #45341.
+    *Donal McBreen*
 
-    *Austen Madden*
+*   Add support for encrypting binary columns.
 
-*   Add support for exclusion constraints (PostgreSQL-only).
+    Ensure encryption and decryption pass `Type::Binary::Data` around for binary data.
 
-    ```ruby
-    add_exclusion_constraint :invoices, "daterange(start_date, end_date) WITH &&", using: :gist, name: "invoices_date_overlap"
-    remove_exclusion_constraint :invoices, name: "invoices_date_overlap"
-    ```
+    Previously encrypting binary columns with the `ActiveRecord::Encryption::MessageSerializer`
+    incidentally worked for MySQL and SQLite, but not PostgreSQL.
 
-    See PostgreSQL's [`CREATE TABLE ... EXCLUDE ...`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/12/sql-createtable.html#SQL-CREATETABLE-EXCLUDE) documentation for more on exclusion constraints.
+    *Donal McBreen*
 
-    *Alex Robbin*
+*   Deprecated `ENV["SCHEMA_CACHE"]` in favor of `schema_cache_path` in the database configuration.
 
-*   `change_column_null` raises if a non-boolean argument is provided
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    Previously if you provided a non-boolean argument, `change_column_null` would
-    treat it as truthy and make your column nullable. This could be surprising, so now
-    the input must be either `true` or `false`.
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.with_connection` as a shortcut for leasing a connection for a short duration.
 
-    ```ruby
-    change_column_null :table, :column, true # good
-    change_column_null :table, :column, false # good
-    change_column_null :table, :column, from: true, to: false # raises (previously this made the column nullable)
-    ```
+    The leased connection is yielded, and for the duration of the block, any call to `ActiveRecord::Base.connection`
+    will yield that same connection.
 
-    *Alex Ghiculescu*
+    This is useful to perform a few database operations without causing a connection to be leased for the
+    entire duration of the request or job.
 
-*   Enforce limit on table names length.
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-    Fixes #45130.
+*   Deprecate `config.active_record.warn_on_records_fetched_greater_than` now that `sql.active_record`
+    notification includes `:row_count` field.
 
-    *fatkodima*
+    *Jason Nochlin*
 
-*   Adjust the minimum MariaDB version for check constraints support.
+*   The fix ensures that the association is joined using the appropriate join type
+    (either inner join or left outer join) based on the existing joins in the scope.
 
-    *Eddie Lebow*
+    This prevents unintentional overrides of existing join types and ensures consistency in the generated SQL queries.
 
-*   Fix Hstore deserialize regression.
+    Example:
 
-    *edsharp*
 
-*   Add validity for PostgreSQL indexes.
 
     ```ruby
-    connection.index_exists?(:users, :email, valid: true)
-    connection.indexes(:users).select(&:valid?)
+    # `associated` will use `LEFT JOIN` instead of using `JOIN`
+    Post.left_joins(:author).where.associated(:author)
     ```
 
-    *fatkodima*
+    *Saleh Alhaddad*
 
-*   Fix eager loading for models without primary keys.
+*   Fix an issue where `ActiveRecord::Encryption` configurations are not ready before the loading
+    of Active Record models, when an application is eager loaded. As a result, encrypted attributes
+    could be misconfigured in some cases.
 
-    *Anmol Chopra*, *Matt Lawrence*, and *Jonathan Hefner*
+    *Maxime Réty*
 
-*   Avoid validating a unique field if it has not changed and is backed by a unique index.
+*   Deprecate defining an `enum` with keyword arguments.
 
-    Previously, when saving a record, Active Record will perform an extra query to check for the
-    uniqueness of each attribute having a `uniqueness` validation, even if that attribute hasn't changed.
-    If the database has the corresponding unique index, then this validation can never fail for persisted
-    records, and we could safely skip it.
+    ```ruby
+    class Function > ApplicationRecord
+      # BAD
+      enum color: [:red, :blue],
+           type: [:instance, :class]
 
-    *fatkodima*
+      # GOOD
+      enum :color, [:red, :blue]
+      enum :type, [:instance, :class]
+    end
+    ```
 
-*   Stop setting `sql_auto_is_null`
+    *Hartley McGuire*
 
-    Since version 5.5 the default has been off, we no longer have to manually turn it off.
+*   Add `config.active_record.validate_migration_timestamps` option for validating migration timestamps.
 
-    *Adam Hess*
+    When set, validates that the timestamp prefix for a migration is no more than a day ahead of
+    the timestamp associated with the current time. This is designed to prevent migrations prefixes
+    from being hand-edited to future timestamps, which impacts migration generation and other
+    migration commands.
 
-*   Fix `touch` to raise an error for readonly columns.
+    *Adrianna Chang*
 
-    *fatkodima*
+*   Properly synchronize `Mysql2Adapter#active?` and `TrilogyAdapter#active?`.
 
-*   Add ability to ignore tables by regexp for SQL schema dumps.
+    As well as `disconnect!` and `verify!`.
 
-    ```ruby
-    ActiveRecord::SchemaDumper.ignore_tables = [/^_/]
-    ```
+    This generally isn't a big problem as connections must not be shared between
+    threads, but is required when running transactional tests or system tests
+    and could lead to a SEGV.
 
-    *fatkodima*
+    *Jean Boussier*
+
+*   Support `:source_location` tag option for query log tags.
 
-*   Avoid queries when performing calculations on contradictory relations.
+    ```ruby
+    config.active_record.query_log_tags << :source_location
+    ```
 
-    Previously calculations would make a query even when passed a
-    contradiction, such as `User.where(id: []).count`. We no longer perform a
-    query in that scenario.
+    Calculating the caller location is a costly operation and should be used primarily in development
+    (note, there is also a `config.active_record.verbose_query_logs` that serves the same purpose)
+    or occasionally on production for debugging purposes.
 
-    This applies to the following calculations: `count`, `sum`, `average`,
-    `minimum` and `maximum`
+    *fatkodima*
 
-    *Luan Vieira, John Hawthorn and Daniel Colson*
+*   Add an option to `ActiveRecord::Encryption::Encryptor` to disable compression.
 
-*   Allow using aliased attributes with `insert_all`/`upsert_all`.
+    Allow compression to be disabled by setting `compress: false`
 
     ```ruby
-    class Book < ApplicationRecord
-      alias_attribute :title, :name
-    end
-
-    Book.insert_all [{ title: "Remote", author_id: 1 }], returning: :title
+      class User
+        encrypts :name, encryptor: ActiveRecord::Encryption::Encryptor.new(compress: false)
+      end
     ```
 
-    *fatkodima*
+    *Donal McBreen*
 
-*   Support encrypted attributes on columns with default db values.
+*   Deprecate passing strings to `ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.cache_dump_filename`.
 
-    This adds support for encrypted attributes defined on columns with default values.
-    It will encrypt those values at creation time. Before, it would raise an
-    error unless `config.active_record.encryption.support_unencrypted_data` was true.
+    A `ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::DatabaseConfig` object should be passed instead.
 
-    *Jorge Manrubia* and *Dima Fatko*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Allow overriding `reading_request?` in `DatabaseSelector::Resolver`
+*   Add `row_count` field to `sql.active_record` notification.
 
-    The default implementation checks if a request is a `get?` or `head?`,
-    but you can now change it to anything you like. If the method returns true,
-    `Resolver#read` gets called meaning the request could be served by the
-    replica database.
+    This field returns the amount of rows returned by the query that emitted the notification.
 
-    *Alex Ghiculescu*
+    This metric is useful in cases where one wants to detect queries with big result sets.
 
-*   Remove `ActiveRecord.legacy_connection_handling`.
+    *Marvin Bitterlich*
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+*   Consistently raise an `ArgumentError` when passing an invalid argument to a nested attributes association writer.
 
-*   `rails db:schema:{dump,load}` now checks `ENV["SCHEMA_FORMAT"]` before config
+    Previously, this would only raise on collection associations and produce a generic error on singular associations.
 
-    Since `rails db:structure:{dump,load}` was deprecated there wasn't a simple
-    way to dump a schema to both SQL and Ruby formats. You can now do this with
-    an environment variable. For example:
+    Now, it will raise on both collection and singular associations.
 
-    ```
-    SCHEMA_FORMAT=sql rake db:schema:dump
-    ```
+    *Joshua Young*
+
+*   Fix single quote escapes on default generated MySQL columns.
 
-    *Alex Ghiculescu*
+    MySQL 5.7.5+ supports generated columns, which can be used to create a column that is computed from an expression.
 
-*   Fixed MariaDB default function support.
+    Previously, the schema dump would output a string with double escapes for generated columns with single quotes in the default expression.
 
-    Defaults would be written wrong in "db/schema.rb" and not work correctly
-    if using `db:schema:load`. Further more the function name would be
-    added as string content when saving new records.
+    This would result in issues when importing the schema on a fresh instance of a MySQL database.
 
-    *kaspernj*
+    Now, the string will not be escaped and will be valid Ruby upon importing of the schema.
 
-*   Add `active_record.destroy_association_async_batch_size` configuration
+    *Yash Kapadia*
 
-    This allows applications to specify the maximum number of records that will
-    be destroyed in a single background job by the `dependent: :destroy_async`
-    association option. By default, the current behavior will remain the same:
-    when a parent record is destroyed, all dependent records will be destroyed
-    in a single background job. If the number of dependent records is greater
-    than this configuration, the records will be destroyed in multiple
-    background jobs.
+*   Fix Migrations with versions older than 7.1 validating options given to
+    `add_reference` and `t.references`.
 
-    *Nick Holden*
+    *Hartley McGuire*
 
-*   Fix `remove_foreign_key` with `:if_exists` option when foreign key actually exists.
+*   Add `<role>_types` class method to `ActiveRecord::DelegatedType` so that the delegated types can be introspected.
 
-    *fatkodima*
+    *JP Rosevear*
 
-*   Remove `--no-comments` flag in structure dumps for PostgreSQL
+*   Make `schema_dump`, `query_cache`, `replica` and `database_tasks` configurable via `DATABASE_URL`.
 
-    This broke some apps that used custom schema comments. If you don't want
-    comments in your structure dump, you can use:
+    This wouldn't always work previously because boolean values would be interpreted as strings.
 
-    ```ruby
-    ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.structure_dump_flags = ['--no-comments']
-    ```
+    e.g. `DATABASE_URL=postgres://localhost/foo?schema_dump=false` now properly disable dumping the schema
+    cache.
 
-    *Alex Ghiculescu*
+    *Mike Coutermarsh*, *Jean Boussier*
 
-*   Reduce the memory footprint of fixtures accessors.
+*   Introduce `ActiveRecord::Transactions::ClassMethods#set_callback`.
 
-    Until now fixtures accessors were eagerly defined using `define_method`.
-    So the memory usage was directly dependent of the number of fixtures and
-    test suites.
+     It is identical to `ActiveSupport::Callbacks::ClassMethods#set_callback`
+     but with support for `after_commit` and `after_rollback` callback options.
 
-    Instead fixtures accessors are now implemented with `method_missing`,
-    so they incur much less memory and CPU overhead.
+    *Joshua Young*
 
-    *Jean Boussier*
+*   Make `ActiveRecord::Encryption::Encryptor` agnostic of the serialization format used for encrypted data.
 
-*   Fix `config.active_record.destroy_association_async_job` configuration
+    Previously, the encryptor instance only allowed an encrypted value serialized as a `String` to be passed to the message serializer.
 
-    `config.active_record.destroy_association_async_job` should allow
-    applications to specify the job that will be used to destroy associated
-    records in the background for `has_many` associations with the
-    `dependent: :destroy_async` option. Previously, that was ignored, which
-    meant the default `ActiveRecord::DestroyAssociationAsyncJob` always
-    destroyed records in the background.
+    Now, the encryptor lets the configured `message_serializer` decide which types of serialized encrypted values are supported. A custom serialiser is therefore allowed to serialize `ActiveRecord::Encryption::Message` objects using a type other than `String`.
 
-    *Nick Holden*
+    The default `ActiveRecord::Encryption::MessageSerializer` already ensures that only `String` objects are passed for deserialization.
 
-*   Fix `change_column_comment` to preserve column's AUTO_INCREMENT in the MySQL adapter
+    *Maxime Réty*
 
-    *fatkodima*
+*   Fix `encrypted_attribute?` to take into account context properties passed to `encrypts`.
+
+    *Maxime Réty*
 
-*   Fix quoting of `ActiveSupport::Duration` and `Rational` numbers in the MySQL adapter.
+*   The object returned by `explain` now responds to `pluck`, `first`,
+    `last`, `average`, `count`, `maximum`, `minimum`, and `sum`. Those
+    new methods run `EXPLAIN` on the corresponding queries:
 
-    *Kevin McPhillips*
+    ```ruby
+    User.all.explain.count
+    # EXPLAIN SELECT COUNT(*) FROM `users`
+    # ...
 
-*   Allow column name with COLLATE (e.g., title COLLATE "C") as safe SQL string
+    User.all.explain.maximum(:id)
+    # EXPLAIN SELECT MAX(`users`.`id`) FROM `users`
+    # ...
+    ```
 
-    *Shugo Maeda*
+    *Petrik de Heus*
 
-*   Permit underscores in the VERSION argument to database rake tasks.
+*   Fixes an issue where `validates_associated` `:on`  option wasn't respected
+    when validating associated records.
 
-    *Eddie Lebow*
+    *Austen Madden*, *Alex Ghiculescu*, *Rafał Brize*
 
-*   Reversed the order of `INSERT` statements in `structure.sql` dumps
+*   Allow overriding SQLite defaults from `database.yml`.
 
-    This should decrease the likelihood of merge conflicts. New migrations
-    will now be added at the top of the list.
+    Any PRAGMA configuration set under the `pragmas` key in the configuration
+    file takes precedence over Rails' defaults, and additional PRAGMAs can be
+    set as well.
 
-    For existing apps, there will be a large diff the next time `structure.sql`
-    is generated.
+    ```yaml
+    database: storage/development.sqlite3
+    timeout: 5000
+    pragmas:
+      journal_mode: off
+      temp_store: memory
+    ```
 
-    *Alex Ghiculescu*, *Matt Larraz*
+    *Stephen Margheim*
 
-*   Fix PG.connect keyword arguments deprecation warning on ruby 2.7
+*   Remove warning message when running SQLite in production, but leave it unconfigured.
 
-    Fixes #44307.
+    There are valid use cases for running SQLite in production. However, it must be done
+    with care, so instead of a warning most users won't see anyway, it's preferable to
+    leave the configuration commented out to force them to think about having the database
+    on a persistent volume etc.
 
-    *Nikita Vasilevsky*
+    *Jacopo Beschi*, *Jean Boussier*
 
-*   Fix dropping DB connections after serialization failures and deadlocks.
+*   Add support for generated columns to the SQLite3 adapter.
 
-    Prior to 6.1.4, serialization failures and deadlocks caused rollbacks to be
-    issued for both real transactions and savepoints. This breaks MySQL which
-    disallows rollbacks of savepoints following a deadlock.
+    Generated columns (both stored and dynamic) are supported since version 3.31.0 of SQLite.
+    This adds support for those to the SQLite3 adapter.
 
-    6.1.4 removed these rollbacks, for both transactions and savepoints, causing
-    the DB connection to be left in an unknown state and thus discarded.
+    ```ruby
+    create_table :users do |t|
+      t.string :name
+      t.virtual :name_upper, type: :string, as: 'UPPER(name)'
+      t.virtual :name_lower, type: :string, as: 'LOWER(name)', stored: true
+    end
+    ```
 
-    These rollbacks are now restored, except for savepoints on MySQL.
+    *Stephen Margheim*
 
-    *Thomas Morgan*
+*   TrilogyAdapter: ignore `host` if `socket` parameter is set.
 
-*   Make `ActiveRecord::ConnectionPool` Fiber-safe
+    This allows to configure a connection on a UNIX socket via `DATABASE_URL`:
 
-    When `ActiveSupport::IsolatedExecutionState.isolation_level` is set to `:fiber`,
-    the connection pool now supports multiple Fibers from the same Thread checking
-    out connections from the pool.
+    ```
+    DATABASE_URL=trilogy://does-not-matter/my_db_production?socket=/var/run/mysql.sock
+    ```
 
-    *Alex Matchneer*
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-*   Add `update_attribute!` to `ActiveRecord::Persistence`
+*   Make `assert_queries_count`, `assert_no_queries`, `assert_queries_match`, and
+    `assert_no_queries_match` assertions public.
 
-    Similar to `update_attribute`, but raises `ActiveRecord::RecordNotSaved` when a `before_*` callback throws `:abort`.
+    To assert the expected number of queries are made, Rails internally uses `assert_queries_count` and
+    `assert_no_queries`. To assert that specific SQL queries are made, `assert_queries_match` and
+    `assert_no_queries_match` are used. These assertions can now be used in applications as well.
 
     ```ruby
-    class Topic < ActiveRecord::Base
-      before_save :check_title
+    class ArticleTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
+      test "queries are made" do
+        assert_queries_count(1) { Article.first }
+      end
 
-      def check_title
-        throw(:abort) if title == "abort"
+      test "creates a foreign key" do
+        assert_queries_match(/ADD FOREIGN KEY/i, include_schema: true) do
+          @connection.add_foreign_key(:comments, :posts)
+        end
       end
     end
-
-    topic = Topic.create(title: "Test Title")
-    # #=> #<Topic title: "Test Title">
-    topic.update_attribute!(:title, "Another Title")
-    # #=> #<Topic title: "Another Title">
-    topic.update_attribute!(:title, "abort")
-    # raises ActiveRecord::RecordNotSaved
     ```
 
-    *Drew Tempelmeyer*
+    *Petrik de Heus*, *fatkodima*
 
-*   Avoid loading every record in `ActiveRecord::Relation#pretty_print`
+*   Fix `has_secure_token` calls the setter method on initialize.
 
-    ```ruby
-    # Before
-    pp Foo.all # Loads the whole table.
+    *Abeid Ahmed*
 
-    # After
-    pp Foo.all # Shows 10 items and an ellipsis.
+*   When using a `DATABASE_URL`, allow for a configuration to map the protocol in the URL to a specific database
+    adapter. This allows decoupling the adapter the application chooses to use from the database connection details
+    set in the deployment environment.
+
+    ```ruby
+    # ENV['DATABASE_URL'] = "mysql://localhost/example_database"
+    config.active_record.protocol_adapters.mysql = "trilogy"
+    # will connect to MySQL using the trilogy adapter
     ```
 
-    *Ulysse Buonomo*
+    *Jean Boussier*, *Kevin McPhillips*
+
+*   In cases where MySQL returns `warning_count` greater than zero, but returns no warnings when
+    the `SHOW WARNINGS` query is executed, `ActiveRecord.db_warnings_action` proc will still be
+    called with a generic warning message rather than silently ignoring the warning(s).
 
-*   Change `QueryMethods#in_order_of` to drop records not listed in values.
+    *Kevin McPhillips*
+
+*   `DatabaseConfigurations#configs_for` accepts a symbol in the `name` parameter.
+
+    *Andrew Novoselac*
 
-    `in_order_of` now filters down to the values provided, to match the behavior of the `Enumerable` version.
+*   Fix `where(field: values)` queries when `field` is a serialized attribute
+    (for example, when `field` uses `ActiveRecord::Base.serialize` or is a JSON
+    column).
 
-    *Kevin Newton*
+    *João Alves*
 
-*   Allow named expression indexes to be revertible.
+*   Make the output of `ActiveRecord::Core#inspect` configurable.
 
-    Previously, the following code would raise an error in a reversible migration executed while rolling back, due to the index name not being used in the index removal.
+    By default, calling `inspect` on a record will yield a formatted string including just the `id`.
 
     ```ruby
-    add_index(:settings, "(data->'property')", using: :gin, name: :index_settings_data_property)
+    Post.first.inspect #=> "#<Post id: 1>"
     ```
 
-    Fixes #43331.
+    The attributes to be included in the output of `inspect` can be configured with
+    `ActiveRecord::Core#attributes_for_inspect`.
 
-    *Oliver Günther*
+    ```ruby
+    Post.attributes_for_inspect = [:id, :title]
+    Post.first.inspect #=> "#<Post id: 1, title: "Hello, World!">"
+    ```
 
-*   Fix incorrect argument in PostgreSQL structure dump tasks.
+    With `attributes_for_inspect` set to `:all`, `inspect` will list all the record's attributes.
 
-    Updating the `--no-comment` argument added in Rails 7 to the correct `--no-comments` argument.
+    ```ruby
+    Post.attributes_for_inspect = :all
+    Post.first.inspect #=> "#<Post id: 1, title: "Hello, World!", published_at: "2023-10-23 14:28:11 +0000">"
+    ```
 
-    *Alex Dent*
+    In `development` and `test` mode, `attributes_for_inspect` will be set to `:all` by default.
 
-*   Fix migration compatibility to create SQLite references/belongs_to column as integer when migration version is 6.0.
+    You can also call `full_inspect` to get an inspection with all the attributes.
 
-    Reference/belongs_to in migrations with version 6.0 were creating columns as
-    bigint instead of integer for the SQLite Adapter.
+    The attributes in `attribute_for_inspect` will also be used for `pretty_print`.
 
-    *Marcelo Lauxen*
+    *Andrew Novoselac*
 
-*   Fix `QueryMethods#in_order_of` to handle empty order list.
+*   Don't mark attributes as changed when reassigned to `Float::INFINITY` or
+    `-Float::INFINITY`.
 
-    ```ruby
-    Post.in_order_of(:id, []).to_a
-    ```
+    *Maicol Bentancor*
 
-    Also more explicitly set the column as secondary order, so that any other
-    value is still ordered.
+*   Support the `RETURNING` clause for MariaDB.
 
-    *Jean Boussier*
+    *fatkodima*, *Nikolay Kondratyev*
 
-*   Fix quoting of column aliases generated by calculation methods.
+*   The SQLite3 adapter now implements the `supports_deferrable_constraints?` contract.
 
-    Since the alias is derived from the table name, we can't assume the result
-    is a valid identifier.
+    Allows foreign keys to be deferred by adding the `:deferrable` key to the `foreign_key` options.
 
     ```ruby
-    class Test < ActiveRecord::Base
-      self.table_name = '1abc'
-    end
-    Test.group(:id).count
-    # syntax error at or near "1" (ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid)
-    # LINE 1: SELECT COUNT(*) AS count_all, "1abc"."id" AS 1abc_id FROM "1...
+    add_reference :person, :alias, foreign_key: { deferrable: :deferred }
+    add_reference :alias, :person, foreign_key: { deferrable: :deferred }
     ```
 
-    *Jean Boussier*
-
-*   Add `authenticate_by` when using `has_secure_password`.
+    *Stephen Margheim*
 
-    `authenticate_by` is intended to replace code like the following, which
-    returns early when a user with a matching email is not found:
+*   Add the `set_constraints` helper to PostgreSQL connections.
 
     ```ruby
-    User.find_by(email: "...")&.authenticate("...")
+    Post.create!(user_id: -1) # => ActiveRecord::InvalidForeignKey
+
+    Post.transaction do
+      Post.connection.set_constraints(:deferred)
+      p = Post.create!(user_id: -1)
+      u = User.create!
+      p.user = u
+      p.save!
+    end
     ```
 
-    Such code is vulnerable to timing-based enumeration attacks, wherein an
-    attacker can determine if a user account with a given email exists. After
-    confirming that an account exists, the attacker can try passwords associated
-    with that email address from other leaked databases, in case the user
-    re-used a password across multiple sites (a common practice). Additionally,
-    knowing an account email address allows the attacker to attempt a targeted
-    phishing ("spear phishing") attack.
+    *Cody Cutrer*
+
+*   Include `ActiveModel::API` in `ActiveRecord::Base`.
+
+    *Sean Doyle*
+
+*   Ensure `#signed_id` outputs `url_safe` strings.
 
-    `authenticate_by` addresses the vulnerability by taking the same amount of
-    time regardless of whether a user with a matching email is found:
+    *Jason Meller*
+
+*   Add `nulls_last` and working `desc.nulls_first` for MySQL.
+
+    *Tristan Fellows*
+
+*   Allow for more complex hash arguments for `order` which mimics `where` in `ActiveRecord::Relation`.
 
     ```ruby
-    User.authenticate_by(email: "...", password: "...")
+    Topic.includes(:posts).order(posts: { created_at: :desc })
     ```
 
-    *Jonathan Hefner*
-
+    *Myles Boone*
 
-Please check [7-0-stable](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/7-0-stable/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md) for previous changes.
+Please check [7-1-stable](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/7-1-stable/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md) for previous changes.