activerecord 7.0.8 → 7.1.3.4

data/lib/active_record/core.rb

@@ -1,29 +1,50 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 require "active_support/core_ext/enumerable"
-require "active_support/core_ext/hash/indifferent_access"
-require "active_support/core_ext/string/filters"
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/delegation"
 require "active_support/parameter_filter"
 require "concurrent/map"
 
 module ActiveRecord
+  # = Active Record \Core
   module Core
     extend ActiveSupport::Concern
+    include ActiveModel::Access
 
     included do
       ##
       # :singleton-method:
       #
-      # Accepts a logger conforming to the interface of Log4r which is then
-      # passed on to any new database connections made and which can be
-      # retrieved on both a class and instance level by calling +logger+.
+      # Accepts a logger conforming to the interface of Log4r or the default
+      # Ruby +Logger+ class, which is then passed on to any new database
+      # connections made. You can retrieve this logger by calling +logger+ on
+      # either an Active Record model class or an Active Record model instance.
       class_attribute :logger, instance_writer: false
 
+      class_attribute :_destroy_association_async_job, instance_accessor: false, default: "ActiveRecord::DestroyAssociationAsyncJob"
+
+      # The job class used to destroy associations in the background.
+      def self.destroy_association_async_job
+        if _destroy_association_async_job.is_a?(String)
+          self._destroy_association_async_job = _destroy_association_async_job.constantize
+        end
+        _destroy_association_async_job
+      rescue NameError => error
+        raise NameError, "Unable to load destroy_association_async_job: #{error.message}"
+      end
+
+      singleton_class.alias_method :destroy_association_async_job=, :_destroy_association_async_job=
+      delegate :destroy_association_async_job, to: :class
+
       ##
       # :singleton-method:
       #
-      # Specifies the job used to destroy associations in the background
-      class_attribute :destroy_association_async_job, instance_writer: false, instance_predicate: false, default: false
+      # Specifies the maximum number of records that will be destroyed in a
+      # single background job by the <tt>dependent: :destroy_async</tt>
+      # association option. When +nil+ (default), all dependent records will be
+      # destroyed in a single background job. If specified, the records to be
+      # destroyed will be split into multiple background jobs.
+      class_attribute :destroy_association_async_batch_size, instance_writer: false, instance_predicate: false, default: nil
 
       ##
       # Contains the database configuration - as is typically stored in config/database.yml -
@@ -33,19 +54,19 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #
       #   development:
       #     adapter: sqlite3
-      #     database: db/development.sqlite3
+      #     database: storage/development.sqlite3
       #
       #   production:
       #     adapter: sqlite3
-      #     database: db/production.sqlite3
+      #     database: storage/production.sqlite3
       #
       # ...would result in ActiveRecord::Base.configurations to look like this:
       #
       #   #<ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations:0x00007fd1acbdf800 @configurations=[
       #     #<ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::HashConfig:0x00007fd1acbded10 @env_name="development",
-      #       @name="primary", @config={adapter: "sqlite3", database: "db/development.sqlite3"}>,
+      #       @name="primary", @config={adapter: "sqlite3", database: "storage/development.sqlite3"}>,
       #     #<ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::HashConfig:0x00007fd1acbdea90 @env_name="production",
-      #       @name="primary", @config={adapter: "sqlite3", database: "db/production.sqlite3"}>
+      #       @name="primary", @config={adapter: "sqlite3", database: "storage/production.sqlite3"}>
       #   ]>
       def self.configurations=(config)
         @@configurations = ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations.new(config)
@@ -71,6 +92,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
       class_attribute :has_many_inversing, instance_accessor: false, default: false
 
+      class_attribute :run_commit_callbacks_on_first_saved_instances_in_transaction, instance_accessor: false, default: true
+
       class_attribute :default_connection_handler, instance_writer: false
 
       class_attribute :default_role, instance_writer: false
@@ -99,33 +122,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
         ActiveSupport::IsolatedExecutionState[:active_record_connection_handler] = handler
       end
 
-      def self.connection_handlers
-        if ActiveRecord.legacy_connection_handling
-        else
-          raise NotImplementedError, "The new connection handling does not support accessing multiple connection handlers."
-        end
-
-        @@connection_handlers ||= {}
-      end
-
-      def self.connection_handlers=(handlers)
-        if ActiveRecord.legacy_connection_handling
-          ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(<<~MSG)
-            Using legacy connection handling is deprecated. Please set
-            `legacy_connection_handling` to `false` in your application.
-
-            The new connection handling does not support `connection_handlers`
-            getter and setter.
-
-            Read more about how to migrate at: https://guides.rubyonrails.org/active_record_multiple_databases.html#migrate-to-the-new-connection-handling
-          MSG
-        else
-          raise NotImplementedError, "The new connection handling does not support multiple connection handlers."
-        end
-
-        @@connection_handlers = handlers
-      end
-
       def self.asynchronous_queries_session # :nodoc:
         asynchronous_queries_tracker.current_session
       end
@@ -145,16 +141,12 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #     ActiveRecord::Base.current_role #=> :reading
       #   end
       def self.current_role
-        if ActiveRecord.legacy_connection_handling
-          connection_handlers.key(connection_handler) || default_role
-        else
-          connected_to_stack.reverse_each do |hash|
-            return hash[:role] if hash[:role] && hash[:klasses].include?(Base)
-            return hash[:role] if hash[:role] && hash[:klasses].include?(connection_class_for_self)
-          end
-
-          default_role
+        connected_to_stack.reverse_each do |hash|
+          return hash[:role] if hash[:role] && hash[:klasses].include?(Base)
+          return hash[:role] if hash[:role] && hash[:klasses].include?(connection_class_for_self)
         end
+
+        default_role
       end
 
       # Returns the symbol representing the current connected shard.
@@ -186,16 +178,12 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #     ActiveRecord::Base.current_preventing_writes #=> false
       #   end
       def self.current_preventing_writes
-        if ActiveRecord.legacy_connection_handling
-          connection_handler.prevent_writes
-        else
-          connected_to_stack.reverse_each do |hash|
-            return hash[:prevent_writes] if !hash[:prevent_writes].nil? && hash[:klasses].include?(Base)
-            return hash[:prevent_writes] if !hash[:prevent_writes].nil? && hash[:klasses].include?(connection_class_for_self)
-          end
-
-          false
+        connected_to_stack.reverse_each do |hash|
+          return hash[:prevent_writes] if !hash[:prevent_writes].nil? && hash[:klasses].include?(Base)
+          return hash[:prevent_writes] if !hash[:prevent_writes].nil? && hash[:klasses].include?(connection_class_for_self)
         end
+
+        false
       end
 
       def self.connected_to_stack # :nodoc:
@@ -252,19 +240,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
         @find_by_statement_cache = { true => Concurrent::Map.new, false => Concurrent::Map.new }
       end
 
-      def inherited(child_class) # :nodoc:
-        # initialize cache at class definition for thread safety
-        child_class.initialize_find_by_cache
-        unless child_class.base_class?
-          klass = self
-          until klass.base_class?
-            klass.initialize_find_by_cache
-            klass = klass.superclass
-          end
-        end
-        super
-      end
-
       def find(*ids) # :nodoc:
         # We don't have cache keys for this stuff yet
         return super unless ids.length == 1
@@ -274,14 +249,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
         return super if StatementCache.unsupported_value?(id)
 
-        key = primary_key
-
-        statement = cached_find_by_statement(key) { |params|
-          where(key => params.bind).limit(1)
-        }
-
-        statement.execute([id], connection).first ||
-          raise(RecordNotFound.new("Couldn't find #{name} with '#{key}'=#{id}", name, key, id))
+        cached_find_by([primary_key], [id]) ||
+          raise(RecordNotFound.new("Couldn't find #{name} with '#{primary_key}'=#{id}", name, primary_key, id))
       end
 
       def find_by(*args) # :nodoc:
@@ -303,58 +272,38 @@ module ActiveRecord
           elsif reflection.belongs_to? && !reflection.polymorphic?
             key = reflection.join_foreign_key
             pkey = reflection.join_primary_key
-            value = value.public_send(pkey) if value.respond_to?(pkey)
+
+            if pkey.is_a?(Array)
+              if pkey.all? { |attribute| value.respond_to?(attribute) }
+                value = pkey.map do |attribute|
+                  if attribute == "id"
+                    value.id_value
+                  else
+                    value.public_send(attribute)
+                  end
+                end
+                composite_primary_key = true
+              end
+            else
+              value = value.public_send(pkey) if value.respond_to?(pkey)
+            end
           end
 
-          if !columns_hash.key?(key) || StatementCache.unsupported_value?(value)
+          if !composite_primary_key &&
+            (!columns_hash.key?(key) || StatementCache.unsupported_value?(value))
             return super
           end
 
           h[key] = value
         end
 
-        keys = hash.keys
-        statement = cached_find_by_statement(keys) { |params|
-          wheres = keys.index_with { params.bind }
-          where(wheres).limit(1)
-        }
-
-        begin
-          statement.execute(hash.values, connection).first
-        rescue TypeError
-          raise ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid
-        end
+        cached_find_by(hash.keys, hash.values)
       end
 
       def find_by!(*args) # :nodoc:
         find_by(*args) || where(*args).raise_record_not_found_exception!
       end
 
-      %w(
-        reading_role writing_role legacy_connection_handling default_timezone index_nested_attribute_errors
-        verbose_query_logs queues warn_on_records_fetched_greater_than maintain_test_schema
-        application_record_class action_on_strict_loading_violation schema_format error_on_ignored_order
-        timestamped_migrations dump_schema_after_migration dump_schemas suppress_multiple_database_warning
-      ).each do |attr|
-        module_eval(<<~RUBY, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1)
-          def #{attr}
-            ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(<<~MSG)
-              ActiveRecord::Base.#{attr} is deprecated and will be removed in Rails 7.1.
-              Use `ActiveRecord.#{attr}` instead.
-            MSG
-            ActiveRecord.#{attr}
-          end
-
-          def #{attr}=(value)
-            ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(<<~MSG)
-              ActiveRecord::Base.#{attr}= is deprecated and will be removed in Rails 7.1.
-              Use `ActiveRecord.#{attr}=` instead.
-            MSG
-            ActiveRecord.#{attr} = value
-          end
-        RUBY
-      end
-
       def initialize_generated_modules # :nodoc:
         generated_association_methods
       end
@@ -371,10 +320,10 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
       # Returns columns which shouldn't be exposed while calling +#inspect+.
       def filter_attributes
-        if defined?(@filter_attributes)
-          @filter_attributes
-        else
+        if @filter_attributes.nil?
           superclass.filter_attributes
+        else
+          @filter_attributes
         end
       end
 
@@ -385,13 +334,13 @@ module ActiveRecord
       end
 
       def inspection_filter # :nodoc:
-        if defined?(@filter_attributes)
+        if @filter_attributes.nil?
+          superclass.inspection_filter
+        else
           @inspection_filter ||= begin
             mask = InspectionMask.new(ActiveSupport::ParameterFilter::FILTERED)
             ActiveSupport::ParameterFilter.new(@filter_attributes, mask: mask)
           end
-        else
-          superclass.inspection_filter
         end
       end
 
@@ -411,12 +360,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
       end
 
-      # Override the default class equality method to provide support for decorated models.
-      def ===(object) # :nodoc:
-        object.is_a?(self)
-      end
-
-      # Returns an instance of <tt>Arel::Table</tt> loaded with the current table name.
+      # Returns an instance of +Arel::Table+ loaded with the current table name.
       def arel_table # :nodoc:
         @arel_table ||= Arel::Table.new(table_name, klass: self)
       end
@@ -435,6 +379,28 @@ module ActiveRecord
       end
 
       private
+        def inherited(subclass)
+          super
+
+          # initialize cache at class definition for thread safety
+          subclass.initialize_find_by_cache
+          unless subclass.base_class?
+            klass = self
+            until klass.base_class?
+              klass.initialize_find_by_cache
+              klass = klass.superclass
+            end
+          end
+
+          subclass.class_eval do
+            @arel_table = nil
+            @predicate_builder = nil
+            @inspection_filter = nil
+            @filter_attributes = nil
+            @generated_association_methods = nil
+          end
+        end
+
         def relation
           relation = Relation.create(self)
 
@@ -448,6 +414,25 @@ module ActiveRecord
         def table_metadata
           TableMetadata.new(self, arel_table)
         end
+
+        def cached_find_by(keys, values)
+          statement = cached_find_by_statement(keys) { |params|
+            wheres = keys.index_with do |key|
+              if key.is_a?(Array)
+                [key.map { params.bind }]
+              else
+                params.bind
+              end
+            end
+            where(wheres).limit(1)
+          }
+
+          begin
+            statement.execute(values.flatten, connection).first
+          rescue TypeError
+            raise ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid
+          end
+        end
     end
 
     # New objects can be instantiated as either empty (pass no construction parameter) or pre-set with
@@ -455,7 +440,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
     # In both instances, valid attribute keys are determined by the column names of the associated table --
     # hence you can't have attributes that aren't part of the table columns.
     #
-    # ==== Example:
+    # ==== Example
     #   # Instantiates a single new object
     #   User.new(first_name: 'Jamie')
     def initialize(attributes = nil)
@@ -533,12 +518,17 @@ module ActiveRecord
     # only, not its associations. The extent of a "deep" copy is application
     # specific and is therefore left to the application to implement according
     # to its need.
-    # The dup method does not preserve the timestamps (created|updated)_(at|on).
+    # The dup method does not preserve the timestamps (created|updated)_(at|on)
+    # and locking column.
 
     ##
     def initialize_dup(other) # :nodoc:
       @attributes = @attributes.deep_dup
-      @attributes.reset(@primary_key)
+      if self.class.composite_primary_key?
+        @primary_key.each { |key| @attributes.reset(key) }
+      else
+        @attributes.reset(@primary_key)
+      end
 
       _run_initialize_callbacks
 
@@ -568,6 +558,35 @@ module ActiveRecord
       coder["active_record_yaml_version"] = 2
     end
 
+    ##
+    # :method: slice
+    #
+    # :call-seq: slice(*methods)
+    #
+    # Returns a hash of the given methods with their names as keys and returned
+    # values as values.
+    #
+    #   topic = Topic.new(title: "Budget", author_name: "Jason")
+    #   topic.slice(:title, :author_name)
+    #   => { "title" => "Budget", "author_name" => "Jason" }
+    #
+    #--
+    # Implemented by ActiveModel::Access#slice.
+
+    ##
+    # :method: values_at
+    #
+    # :call-seq: values_at(*methods)
+    #
+    # Returns an array of the values returned by the given methods.
+    #
+    #   topic = Topic.new(title: "Budget", author_name: "Jason")
+    #   topic.values_at(:title, :author_name)
+    #   => ["Budget", "Jason"]
+    #
+    #--
+    # Implemented by ActiveModel::Access#values_at.
+
     # Returns true if +comparison_object+ is the same exact object, or +comparison_object+
     # is of the same type and +self+ has an ID and it is equal to +comparison_object.id+.
     #
@@ -580,7 +599,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
     def ==(comparison_object)
       super ||
         comparison_object.instance_of?(self.class) &&
-        !id.nil? &&
+        primary_key_values_present? &&
         comparison_object.id == id
     end
     alias :eql? :==
@@ -590,7 +609,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
     def hash
       id = self.id
 
-      if id
+      if primary_key_values_present?
         self.class.hash ^ id.hash
       else
         super
@@ -642,25 +661,33 @@ module ActiveRecord
     #
     #   user = User.first
     #   user.strict_loading! # => true
-    #   user.comments
+    #   user.address.city
+    #   => ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError
+    #   user.comments.to_a
     #   => ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError
     #
-    # === Parameters:
+    # ==== Parameters
     #
-    # * value - Boolean specifying whether to enable or disable strict loading.
-    # * mode - Symbol specifying strict loading mode. Defaults to :all. Using
-    #          :n_plus_one_only mode will only raise an error if an association
-    #          that will lead to an n plus one query is lazily loaded.
+    # * +value+ - Boolean specifying whether to enable or disable strict loading.
+    # * <tt>:mode</tt> - Symbol specifying strict loading mode. Defaults to :all. Using
+    #   :n_plus_one_only mode will only raise an error if an association that
+    #   will lead to an n plus one query is lazily loaded.
     #
-    # === Example:
+    # ==== Examples
     #
     #   user = User.first
     #   user.strict_loading!(false) # => false
-    #   user.comments
-    #   => #<ActiveRecord::Associations::CollectionProxy>
+    #   user.address.city # => "Tatooine"
+    #   user.comments.to_a # => [#<Comment:0x00...]
+    #
+    #   user.strict_loading!(mode: :n_plus_one_only)
+    #   user.address.city # => "Tatooine"
+    #   user.comments.to_a # => [#<Comment:0x00...]
+    #   user.comments.first.ratings.to_a
+    #   => ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError
     def strict_loading!(value = true, mode: :all)
       unless [:all, :n_plus_one_only].include?(mode)
-        raise ArgumentError, "The :mode option must be one of [:all, :n_plus_one_only]."
+        raise ArgumentError, "The :mode option must be one of [:all, :n_plus_one_only] but #{mode.inspect} was provided."
       end
 
       @strict_loading_mode = mode
@@ -675,6 +702,10 @@ module ActiveRecord
     end
 
     # Marks this record as read only.
+    #
+    #   customer = Customer.first
+    #   customer.readonly!
+    #   customer.save # Raises an ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyRecord
     def readonly!
       @readonly = true
     end
@@ -688,7 +719,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       # We check defined?(@attributes) not to issue warnings if the object is
       # allocated but not initialized.
       inspection = if defined?(@attributes) && @attributes
-        self.class.attribute_names.filter_map do |name|
+        attribute_names.filter_map do |name|
           if _has_attribute?(name)
             "#{name}: #{attribute_for_inspect(name)}"
           end
@@ -725,16 +756,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
       end
     end
 
-    # Returns a hash of the given methods with their names as keys and returned values as values.
-    def slice(*methods)
-      methods.flatten.index_with { |method| public_send(method) }.with_indifferent_access
-    end
-
-    # Returns an array of the values returned by the given methods.
-    def values_at(*methods)
-      methods.flatten.map! { |method| public_send(method) }
-    end
-
     private
       # +Array#flatten+ will call +#to_ary+ (recursively) on each of the elements of
       # the array, and then rescues from the possible +NoMethodError+. If those elements are
@@ -763,6 +784,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
         @strict_loading_mode = :all
 
         klass.define_attribute_methods
+        klass.generate_alias_attributes
       end
 
       def initialize_internals_callback

data/lib/active_record/counter_cache.rb

@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@ module ActiveRecord
   module CounterCache
     extend ActiveSupport::Concern
 
+    included do
+      class_attribute :_counter_cache_columns, instance_accessor: false, default: []
+    end
+
     module ClassMethods
       # Resets one or more counter caches to their correct value using an SQL
       # count query. This is useful when adding new counter caches, or if the
@@ -29,6 +33,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       def reset_counters(id, *counters, touch: nil)
         object = find(id)
 
+        updates = {}
         counters.each do |counter_association|
           has_many_association = _reflect_on_association(counter_association)
           unless has_many_association
@@ -47,19 +52,21 @@ module ActiveRecord
           reflection   = child_class._reflections.values.find { |e| e.belongs_to? && e.foreign_key.to_s == foreign_key && e.options[:counter_cache].present? }
           counter_name = reflection.counter_cache_column
 
-          updates = { counter_name => object.send(counter_association).count(:all) }
-
-          if touch
-            names = touch if touch != true
-            names = Array.wrap(names)
-            options = names.extract_options!
-            touch_updates = touch_attributes_with_time(*names, **options)
-            updates.merge!(touch_updates)
-          end
+          count_was = object.send(counter_name)
+          count = object.send(counter_association).count(:all)
+          updates[counter_name] = count if count != count_was
+        end
 
-          unscoped.where(primary_key => object.id).update_all(updates)
+        if touch
+          names = touch if touch != true
+          names = Array.wrap(names)
+          options = names.extract_options!
+          touch_updates = touch_attributes_with_time(*names, **options)
+          updates.merge!(touch_updates)
         end
 
+        unscoped.where(primary_key => object.id).update_all(updates) if updates.any?
+
         true
       end
 
@@ -80,28 +87,28 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #
       # ==== Examples
       #
-      #   # For the Post with id of 5, decrement the comment_count by 1, and
-      #   # increment the action_count by 1
-      #   Post.update_counters 5, comment_count: -1, action_count: 1
+      #   # For the Post with id of 5, decrement the comments_count by 1, and
+      #   # increment the actions_count by 1
+      #   Post.update_counters 5, comments_count: -1, actions_count: 1
       #   # Executes the following SQL:
       #   # UPDATE posts
-      #   #    SET comment_count = COALESCE(comment_count, 0) - 1,
-      #   #        action_count = COALESCE(action_count, 0) + 1
+      #   #    SET comments_count = COALESCE(comments_count, 0) - 1,
+      #   #        actions_count = COALESCE(actions_count, 0) + 1
       #   #  WHERE id = 5
       #
-      #   # For the Posts with id of 10 and 15, increment the comment_count by 1
-      #   Post.update_counters [10, 15], comment_count: 1
+      #   # For the Posts with id of 10 and 15, increment the comments_count by 1
+      #   Post.update_counters [10, 15], comments_count: 1
       #   # Executes the following SQL:
       #   # UPDATE posts
-      #   #    SET comment_count = COALESCE(comment_count, 0) + 1
+      #   #    SET comments_count = COALESCE(comments_count, 0) + 1
       #   #  WHERE id IN (10, 15)
       #
-      #   # For the Posts with id of 10 and 15, increment the comment_count by 1
+      #   # For the Posts with id of 10 and 15, increment the comments_count by 1
       #   # and update the updated_at value for each counter.
-      #   Post.update_counters [10, 15], comment_count: 1, touch: true
+      #   Post.update_counters [10, 15], comments_count: 1, touch: true
       #   # Executes the following SQL:
       #   # UPDATE posts
-      #   #    SET comment_count = COALESCE(comment_count, 0) + 1,
+      #   #    SET comments_count = COALESCE(comments_count, 0) + 1,
       #   #    `updated_at` = '2016-10-13T09:59:23-05:00'
       #   #  WHERE id IN (10, 15)
       def update_counters(id, counters)
@@ -119,6 +126,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #
       # * +counter_name+ - The name of the field that should be incremented.
       # * +id+ - The id of the object that should be incremented or an array of ids.
+      # * <tt>:by</tt> - The amount by which to increment the value. Defaults to +1+.
       # * <tt>:touch</tt> - Touch timestamp columns when updating.
       #   Pass +true+ to touch +updated_at+ and/or +updated_on+. Pass a symbol to
       #   touch that column or an array of symbols to touch just those ones.
@@ -129,10 +137,14 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #   DiscussionBoard.increment_counter(:posts_count, 5)
       #
       #   # Increment the posts_count column for the record with an id of 5
+      #   # by a specific amount.
+      #   DiscussionBoard.increment_counter(:posts_count, 5, by: 3)
+      #
+      #   # Increment the posts_count column for the record with an id of 5
       #   # and update the updated_at value.
       #   DiscussionBoard.increment_counter(:posts_count, 5, touch: true)
-      def increment_counter(counter_name, id, touch: nil)
-        update_counters(id, counter_name => 1, touch: touch)
+      def increment_counter(counter_name, id, by: 1, touch: nil)
+        update_counters(id, counter_name => by, touch: touch)
       end
 
       # Decrement a numeric field by one, via a direct SQL update.
@@ -144,6 +156,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #
       # * +counter_name+ - The name of the field that should be decremented.
       # * +id+ - The id of the object that should be decremented or an array of ids.
+      # * <tt>:by</tt> - The amount by which to decrement the value. Defaults to +1+.
       # * <tt>:touch</tt> - Touch timestamp columns when updating.
       #   Pass +true+ to touch +updated_at+ and/or +updated_on+. Pass a symbol to
       #   touch that column or an array of symbols to touch just those ones.
@@ -154,10 +167,18 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #   DiscussionBoard.decrement_counter(:posts_count, 5)
       #
       #   # Decrement the posts_count column for the record with an id of 5
+      #   by a specific amount.
+      #   DiscussionBoard.decrement_counter(:posts_count, 5, by: 3)
+      #
+      #   # Decrement the posts_count column for the record with an id of 5
       #   # and update the updated_at value.
       #   DiscussionBoard.decrement_counter(:posts_count, 5, touch: true)
-      def decrement_counter(counter_name, id, touch: nil)
-        update_counters(id, counter_name => -1, touch: touch)
+      def decrement_counter(counter_name, id, by: 1, touch: nil)
+        update_counters(id, counter_name => -by, touch: touch)
+      end
+
+      def counter_cache_column?(name) # :nodoc:
+        _counter_cache_columns.include?(name)
       end
     end