activerecord 7.0.8.1 → 7.1.3.4

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_handler.rb

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ require "concurrent/map"
 
 module ActiveRecord
   module ConnectionAdapters
+    # = Active Record Connection Handler
+    #
     # ConnectionHandler is a collection of ConnectionPool objects. It is used
     # for keeping separate connection pools that connect to different databases.
     #
@@ -56,7 +58,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       FINALIZER = lambda { |_| ActiveSupport::ForkTracker.check! }
       private_constant :FINALIZER
 
-      class StringConnectionOwner # :nodoc:
+      class StringConnectionName # :nodoc:
         attr_reader :name
 
         def initialize(name)
@@ -73,8 +75,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
       end
 
       def initialize
-        # These caches are keyed by pool_config.connection_specification_name (PoolConfig#connection_specification_name).
-        @owner_to_pool_manager = Concurrent::Map.new(initial_capacity: 2)
+        # These caches are keyed by pool_config.connection_name (PoolConfig#connection_name).
+        @connection_name_to_pool_manager = Concurrent::Map.new(initial_capacity: 2)
 
         # Backup finalizer: if the forked child skipped Kernel#fork the early discard has not occurred
         ObjectSpace.define_finalizer self, FINALIZER
@@ -88,121 +90,154 @@ module ActiveRecord
         ActiveSupport::IsolatedExecutionState[:active_record_prevent_writes] = prevent_writes
       end
 
-      # Prevent writing to the database regardless of role.
-      #
-      # In some cases you may want to prevent writes to the database
-      # even if you are on a database that can write. +while_preventing_writes+
-      # will prevent writes to the database for the duration of the block.
-      #
-      # This method does not provide the same protection as a readonly
-      # user and is meant to be a safeguard against accidental writes.
-      #
-      # See +READ_QUERY+ for the queries that are blocked by this
-      # method.
-      def while_preventing_writes(enabled = true)
-        unless ActiveRecord.legacy_connection_handling
-          raise NotImplementedError, "`while_preventing_writes` is only available on the connection_handler with legacy_connection_handling"
-        end
-
-        original, self.prevent_writes = self.prevent_writes, enabled
-        yield
-      ensure
-        self.prevent_writes = original
-      end
-
       def connection_pool_names # :nodoc:
-        owner_to_pool_manager.keys
+        connection_name_to_pool_manager.keys
       end
 
       def all_connection_pools
-        owner_to_pool_manager.values.flat_map { |m| m.pool_configs.map(&:pool) }
+        ActiveRecord.deprecator.warn(<<-MSG.squish)
+          The `all_connection_pools` method is deprecated in favor of `connection_pool_list`.
+          Call `connection_pool_list(:all)` to get the same behavior as `all_connection_pools`.
+        MSG
+        connection_name_to_pool_manager.values.flat_map { |m| m.pool_configs.map(&:pool) }
       end
 
-      def connection_pool_list(role = ActiveRecord::Base.current_role)
-        owner_to_pool_manager.values.flat_map { |m| m.pool_configs(role).map(&:pool) }
+      # Returns the pools for a connection handler and  given role. If +:all+ is passed,
+      # all pools belonging to the connection handler will be returned.
+      def connection_pool_list(role = nil)
+        if role.nil?
+          deprecation_for_pool_handling(__method__)
+          role = ActiveRecord::Base.current_role
+          connection_name_to_pool_manager.values.flat_map { |m| m.pool_configs(role).map(&:pool) }
+        elsif role == :all
+          connection_name_to_pool_manager.values.flat_map { |m| m.pool_configs.map(&:pool) }
+        else
+          connection_name_to_pool_manager.values.flat_map { |m| m.pool_configs(role).map(&:pool) }
+        end
       end
       alias :connection_pools :connection_pool_list
 
-      def establish_connection(config, owner_name: Base, role: ActiveRecord::Base.current_role, shard: Base.current_shard)
-        owner_name = StringConnectionOwner.new(config.to_s) if config.is_a?(Symbol)
+      def each_connection_pool(role = nil, &block) # :nodoc:
+        role = nil if role == :all
+        return enum_for(__method__, role) unless block_given?
+
+        connection_name_to_pool_manager.each_value do |manager|
+          manager.each_pool_config(role) do |pool_config|
+            yield pool_config.pool
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      def establish_connection(config, owner_name: Base, role: Base.current_role, shard: Base.current_shard, clobber: false)
+        owner_name = determine_owner_name(owner_name, config)
 
         pool_config = resolve_pool_config(config, owner_name, role, shard)
         db_config = pool_config.db_config
 
-        # Protects the connection named `ActiveRecord::Base` from being removed
-        # if the user calls `establish_connection :primary`.
-        if owner_to_pool_manager.key?(pool_config.connection_specification_name)
-          remove_connection_pool(pool_config.connection_specification_name, role: role, shard: shard)
-        end
+        pool_manager = set_pool_manager(pool_config.connection_name)
 
-        message_bus = ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrumenter
-        payload = {}
-        if pool_config
-          payload[:spec_name] = pool_config.connection_specification_name
-          payload[:shard] = shard
-          payload[:config] = db_config.configuration_hash
-        end
+        # If there is an existing pool with the same values as the pool_config
+        # don't remove the connection. Connections should only be removed if we are
+        # establishing a connection on a class that is already connected to a different
+        # configuration.
+        existing_pool_config = pool_manager.get_pool_config(role, shard)
 
-        if ActiveRecord.legacy_connection_handling
-          owner_to_pool_manager[pool_config.connection_specification_name] ||= LegacyPoolManager.new
-        else
-          owner_to_pool_manager[pool_config.connection_specification_name] ||= PoolManager.new
-        end
-        pool_manager = get_pool_manager(pool_config.connection_specification_name)
-        pool_manager.set_pool_config(role, shard, pool_config)
+        if !clobber && existing_pool_config && existing_pool_config.db_config == db_config
+          # Update the pool_config's connection class if it differs. This is used
+          # for ensuring that ActiveRecord::Base and the primary_abstract_class use
+          # the same pool. Without this granular swapping will not work correctly.
+          if owner_name.primary_class? && (existing_pool_config.connection_class != owner_name)
+            existing_pool_config.connection_class = owner_name
+          end
 
-        message_bus.instrument("!connection.active_record", payload) do
-          pool_config.pool
+          existing_pool_config.pool
+        else
+          disconnect_pool_from_pool_manager(pool_manager, role, shard)
+          pool_manager.set_pool_config(role, shard, pool_config)
+
+          payload = {
+            connection_name: pool_config.connection_name,
+            role: role,
+            shard: shard,
+            config: db_config.configuration_hash
+          }
+
+          ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrumenter.instrument("!connection.active_record", payload) do
+            pool_config.pool
+          end
         end
       end
 
       # Returns true if there are any active connections among the connection
       # pools that the ConnectionHandler is managing.
-      def active_connections?(role = ActiveRecord::Base.current_role)
-        connection_pool_list(role).any?(&:active_connection?)
+      def active_connections?(role = nil)
+        if role.nil?
+          deprecation_for_pool_handling(__method__)
+          role = ActiveRecord::Base.current_role
+        end
+
+        each_connection_pool(role).any?(&:active_connection?)
       end
 
       # Returns any connections in use by the current thread back to the pool,
       # and also returns connections to the pool cached by threads that are no
       # longer alive.
-      def clear_active_connections!(role = ActiveRecord::Base.current_role)
-        connection_pool_list(role).each(&:release_connection)
+      def clear_active_connections!(role = nil)
+        if role.nil?
+          deprecation_for_pool_handling(__method__)
+          role = ActiveRecord::Base.current_role
+        end
+
+        each_connection_pool(role).each(&:release_connection)
       end
 
       # Clears the cache which maps classes.
       #
       # See ConnectionPool#clear_reloadable_connections! for details.
-      def clear_reloadable_connections!(role = ActiveRecord::Base.current_role)
-        connection_pool_list(role).each(&:clear_reloadable_connections!)
+      def clear_reloadable_connections!(role = nil)
+        if role.nil?
+          deprecation_for_pool_handling(__method__)
+          role = ActiveRecord::Base.current_role
+        end
+
+        each_connection_pool(role).each(&:clear_reloadable_connections!)
       end
 
-      def clear_all_connections!(role = ActiveRecord::Base.current_role)
-        connection_pool_list(role).each(&:disconnect!)
+      def clear_all_connections!(role = nil)
+        if role.nil?
+          deprecation_for_pool_handling(__method__)
+          role = ActiveRecord::Base.current_role
+        end
+
+        each_connection_pool(role).each(&:disconnect!)
       end
 
       # Disconnects all currently idle connections.
       #
       # See ConnectionPool#flush! for details.
-      def flush_idle_connections!(role = ActiveRecord::Base.current_role)
-        connection_pool_list(role).each(&:flush!)
+      def flush_idle_connections!(role = nil)
+        if role.nil?
+          deprecation_for_pool_handling(__method__)
+          role = ActiveRecord::Base.current_role
+        end
+
+        each_connection_pool(role).each(&:flush!)
       end
 
       # Locate the connection of the nearest super class. This can be an
       # active or defined connection: if it is the latter, it will be
       # opened and set as the active connection for the class it was defined
       # for (not necessarily the current class).
-      def retrieve_connection(spec_name, role: ActiveRecord::Base.current_role, shard: ActiveRecord::Base.current_shard) # :nodoc:
-        pool = retrieve_connection_pool(spec_name, role: role, shard: shard)
+      def retrieve_connection(connection_name, role: ActiveRecord::Base.current_role, shard: ActiveRecord::Base.current_shard) # :nodoc:
+        pool = retrieve_connection_pool(connection_name, role: role, shard: shard)
 
         unless pool
           if shard != ActiveRecord::Base.default_shard
-            message = "No connection pool for '#{spec_name}' found for the '#{shard}' shard."
-          elsif ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handler != ActiveRecord::Base.default_connection_handler
-            message = "No connection pool for '#{spec_name}' found for the '#{ActiveRecord::Base.current_role}' role."
+            message = "No connection pool for '#{connection_name}' found for the '#{shard}' shard."
           elsif role != ActiveRecord::Base.default_role
-            message = "No connection pool for '#{spec_name}' found for the '#{role}' role."
+            message = "No connection pool for '#{connection_name}' found for the '#{role}' role."
           else
-            message = "No connection pool for '#{spec_name}' found."
+            message = "No connection pool for '#{connection_name}' found."
           end
 
           raise ConnectionNotEstablished, message
@@ -213,36 +248,66 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
       # Returns true if a connection that's accessible to this class has
       # already been opened.
-      def connected?(spec_name, role: ActiveRecord::Base.current_role, shard: ActiveRecord::Base.current_shard)
-        pool = retrieve_connection_pool(spec_name, role: role, shard: shard)
+      def connected?(connection_name, role: ActiveRecord::Base.current_role, shard: ActiveRecord::Base.current_shard)
+        pool = retrieve_connection_pool(connection_name, role: role, shard: shard)
         pool && pool.connected?
       end
 
-      def remove_connection_pool(owner, role: ActiveRecord::Base.current_role, shard: ActiveRecord::Base.current_shard)
-        if pool_manager = get_pool_manager(owner)
-          pool_config = pool_manager.remove_pool_config(role, shard)
-
-          if pool_config
-            pool_config.disconnect!
-            pool_config.db_config
-          end
+      def remove_connection_pool(connection_name, role: ActiveRecord::Base.current_role, shard: ActiveRecord::Base.current_shard)
+        if pool_manager = get_pool_manager(connection_name)
+          disconnect_pool_from_pool_manager(pool_manager, role, shard)
         end
       end
 
-      # Retrieving the connection pool happens a lot, so we cache it in @owner_to_pool_manager.
+      # Retrieving the connection pool happens a lot, so we cache it in @connection_name_to_pool_manager.
       # This makes retrieving the connection pool O(1) once the process is warm.
       # When a connection is established or removed, we invalidate the cache.
-      def retrieve_connection_pool(owner, role: ActiveRecord::Base.current_role, shard: ActiveRecord::Base.current_shard)
-        pool_config = get_pool_manager(owner)&.get_pool_config(role, shard)
+      def retrieve_connection_pool(connection_name, role: ActiveRecord::Base.current_role, shard: ActiveRecord::Base.current_shard)
+        pool_config = get_pool_manager(connection_name)&.get_pool_config(role, shard)
         pool_config&.pool
       end
 
       private
-        attr_reader :owner_to_pool_manager
+        attr_reader :connection_name_to_pool_manager
 
-        # Returns the pool manager for an owner.
-        def get_pool_manager(owner)
-          owner_to_pool_manager[owner]
+        # Returns the pool manager for a connection name / identifier.
+        def get_pool_manager(connection_name)
+          connection_name_to_pool_manager[connection_name]
+        end
+
+        # Get the existing pool manager or initialize and assign a new one.
+        def set_pool_manager(connection_name)
+          connection_name_to_pool_manager[connection_name] ||= PoolManager.new
+        end
+
+        def pool_managers
+          connection_name_to_pool_manager.values
+        end
+
+        def deprecation_for_pool_handling(method)
+          roles = []
+          pool_managers.each do |pool_manager|
+            roles << pool_manager.role_names
+          end
+
+          if roles.flatten.uniq.count > 1
+            ActiveRecord.deprecator.warn(<<-MSG.squish)
+              `#{method}` currently only applies to connection pools in the current
+              role (`#{ActiveRecord::Base.current_role}`). In Rails 7.2, this method
+              will apply to all known pools, regardless of role. To affect only those
+              connections belonging to a specific role, pass the role name as an
+              argument. To switch to the new behavior, pass `:all` as the role name.
+            MSG
+          end
+        end
+
+        def disconnect_pool_from_pool_manager(pool_manager, role, shard)
+          pool_config = pool_manager.remove_pool_config(role, shard)
+
+          if pool_config
+            pool_config.disconnect!
+            pool_config.db_config
+          end
         end
 
         # Returns an instance of PoolConfig for a given adapter.
@@ -255,7 +320,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
         #   pool_config.db_config.configuration_hash
         #   # => { host: "localhost", database: "foo", adapter: "sqlite3" }
         #
-        def resolve_pool_config(config, owner_name, role, shard)
+        def resolve_pool_config(config, connection_name, role, shard)
           db_config = Base.configurations.resolve(config)
 
           raise(AdapterNotSpecified, "database configuration does not specify adapter") unless db_config.adapter
@@ -285,7 +350,17 @@ module ActiveRecord
             raise AdapterNotFound, "database configuration specifies nonexistent #{db_config.adapter} adapter"
           end
 
-          ConnectionAdapters::PoolConfig.new(owner_name, db_config, role, shard)
+          ConnectionAdapters::PoolConfig.new(connection_name, db_config, role, shard)
+        end
+
+        def determine_owner_name(owner_name, config)
+          if owner_name.is_a?(String) || owner_name.is_a?(Symbol)
+            StringConnectionName.new(owner_name.to_s)
+          elsif config.is_a?(Symbol)
+            StringConnectionName.new(config.to_s)
+          else
+            owner_name
+          end
         end
     end
   end

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool/queue.rb

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ require "monitor"
 module ActiveRecord
   module ConnectionAdapters
     class ConnectionPool
+      # = Active Record Connection Pool \Queue
+      #
       # Threadsafe, fair, LIFO queue.  Meant to be used by ConnectionPool
       # with which it shares a Monitor.
       class Queue

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool/reaper.rb

@@ -6,12 +6,14 @@ require "weakref"
 module ActiveRecord
   module ConnectionAdapters
     class ConnectionPool
+      # = Active Record Connection Pool \Reaper
+      #
       # Every +frequency+ seconds, the reaper will call +reap+ and +flush+ on
       # +pool+. A reaper instantiated with a zero frequency will never reap
       # the connection pool.
       #
       # Configure the frequency by setting +reaping_frequency+ in your database
-      # yaml file (default 60 seconds).
+      # YAML file (default 60 seconds).
       class Reaper
         attr_reader :pool, :frequency
 

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb

@@ -10,35 +10,33 @@ require "active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool/reaper"
 module ActiveRecord
   module ConnectionAdapters
     module AbstractPool # :nodoc:
-      def get_schema_cache(connection)
-        self.schema_cache ||= SchemaCache.new(connection)
-        schema_cache.connection = connection
-        schema_cache
-      end
-
-      def set_schema_cache(cache)
-        self.schema_cache = cache
-      end
-
-      def lazily_set_schema_cache
-        return unless ActiveRecord.lazily_load_schema_cache
-
-        cache = SchemaCache.load_from(db_config.lazy_schema_cache_path)
-        set_schema_cache(cache)
-      end
     end
 
     class NullPool # :nodoc:
       include ConnectionAdapters::AbstractPool
 
-      attr_accessor :schema_cache
+      class NullConfig # :nodoc:
+        def method_missing(*)
+          nil
+        end
+      end
+      NULL_CONFIG = NullConfig.new # :nodoc:
+
+      def schema_reflection
+        SchemaReflection.new(nil)
+      end
 
       def connection_class; end
       def checkin(_); end
       def remove(_); end
       def async_executor; end
+      def db_config
+        NULL_CONFIG
+      end
     end
 
+    # = Active Record Connection Pool
+    #
     # Connection pool base class for managing Active Record database
     # connections.
     #
@@ -53,19 +51,17 @@ module ActiveRecord
     # handle cases in which there are more threads than connections: if all
     # connections have been checked out, and a thread tries to checkout a
     # connection anyway, then ConnectionPool will wait until some other thread
-    # has checked in a connection.
+    # has checked in a connection, or the +checkout_timeout+ has expired.
     #
     # == Obtaining (checking out) a connection
     #
     # Connections can be obtained and used from a connection pool in several
     # ways:
     #
-    # 1. Simply use {ActiveRecord::Base.connection}[rdoc-ref:ConnectionHandling.connection]
-    #    as with Active Record 2.1 and
-    #    earlier (pre-connection-pooling). Eventually, when you're done with
-    #    the connection(s) and wish it to be returned to the pool, you call
-    #    {ActiveRecord::Base.clear_active_connections!}[rdoc-ref:ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionHandler#clear_active_connections!].
-    #    This will be the default behavior for Active Record when used in conjunction with
+    # 1. Simply use {ActiveRecord::Base.connection}[rdoc-ref:ConnectionHandling.connection].
+    #    When you're done with the connection(s) and wish it to be returned to the pool, you call
+    #    {ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handler.clear_active_connections!}[rdoc-ref:ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionHandler#clear_active_connections!].
+    #    This is the default behavior for Active Record when used in conjunction with
     #    Action Pack's request handling cycle.
     # 2. Manually check out a connection from the pool with
     #    {ActiveRecord::Base.connection_pool.checkout}[rdoc-ref:#checkout]. You are responsible for
@@ -78,6 +74,12 @@ module ActiveRecord
     # Connections in the pool are actually AbstractAdapter objects (or objects
     # compatible with AbstractAdapter's interface).
     #
+    # While a thread has a connection checked out from the pool using one of the
+    # above three methods, that connection will automatically be the one used
+    # by ActiveRecord queries executing on that thread. It is not required to
+    # explicitly pass the checked out connection to \Rails models or queries, for
+    # example.
+    #
     # == Options
     #
     # There are several connection-pooling-related options that you can add to
@@ -105,11 +107,9 @@ module ActiveRecord
       include ConnectionAdapters::AbstractPool
 
       attr_accessor :automatic_reconnect, :checkout_timeout
-      attr_reader :db_config, :size, :reaper, :pool_config, :connection_class, :async_executor, :role, :shard
+      attr_reader :db_config, :size, :reaper, :pool_config, :async_executor, :role, :shard
 
-      alias_method :connection_klass, :connection_class
-      deprecate :connection_klass
-      delegate :schema_cache, :schema_cache=, to: :pool_config
+      delegate :schema_reflection, :schema_reflection=, to: :pool_config
 
       # Creates a new ConnectionPool object. +pool_config+ is a PoolConfig
       # object which describes database connection information (e.g. adapter,
@@ -122,7 +122,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
         @pool_config = pool_config
         @db_config = pool_config.db_config
-        @connection_class = pool_config.connection_class
         @role = pool_config.role
         @shard = pool_config.shard
 
@@ -158,18 +157,20 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
         @async_executor = build_async_executor
 
-        lazily_set_schema_cache
-
         @reaper = Reaper.new(self, db_config.reaping_frequency)
         @reaper.run
       end
 
       def lock_thread=(lock_thread)
         if lock_thread
-          @lock_thread = Thread.current
+          @lock_thread = ActiveSupport::IsolatedExecutionState.context
         else
           @lock_thread = nil
         end
+
+        if (active_connection = @thread_cached_conns[connection_cache_key(current_thread)])
+          active_connection.lock_thread = @lock_thread
+        end
       end
 
       # Retrieve the connection associated with the current thread, or call
@@ -181,6 +182,12 @@ module ActiveRecord
         @thread_cached_conns[connection_cache_key(current_thread)] ||= checkout
       end
 
+      def connection_class # :nodoc:
+        pool_config.connection_class
+      end
+      alias :connection_klass :connection_class
+      deprecate :connection_klass, deprecator: ActiveRecord.deprecator
+
       # Returns true if there is an open connection being used for the current thread.
       #
       # This method only works for connections that have been obtained through
@@ -197,18 +204,23 @@ module ActiveRecord
       # This method only works for connections that have been obtained through
       # #connection or #with_connection methods, connections obtained through
       # #checkout will not be automatically released.
-      def release_connection(owner_thread = Thread.current)
+      def release_connection(owner_thread = ActiveSupport::IsolatedExecutionState.context)
         if conn = @thread_cached_conns.delete(connection_cache_key(owner_thread))
           checkin conn
         end
       end
 
-      # If a connection obtained through #connection or #with_connection methods
-      # already exists yield it to the block. If no such connection
-      # exists checkout a connection, yield it to the block, and checkin the
-      # connection when finished.
+      # Yields a connection from the connection pool to the block. If no connection
+      # is already checked out by the current thread, a connection will be checked
+      # out from the pool, yielded to the block, and then returned to the pool when
+      # the block is finished. If a connection has already been checked out on the
+      # current thread, such as via #connection or #with_connection, that existing
+      # connection will be the one yielded and it will not be returned to the pool
+      # automatically at the end of the block; it is expected that such an existing
+      # connection will be properly returned to the pool by the code that checked
+      # it out.
       def with_connection
-        unless conn = @thread_cached_conns[connection_cache_key(Thread.current)]
+        unless conn = @thread_cached_conns[connection_cache_key(ActiveSupport::IsolatedExecutionState.context)]
           conn = connection
           fresh_connection = true
         end
@@ -338,7 +350,9 @@ module ActiveRecord
       # Raises:
       # - ActiveRecord::ConnectionTimeoutError no connection can be obtained from the pool.
       def checkout(checkout_timeout = @checkout_timeout)
-        checkout_and_verify(acquire_connection(checkout_timeout))
+        connection = checkout_and_verify(acquire_connection(checkout_timeout))
+        connection.lock_thread = @lock_thread
+        connection
       end
 
       # Check-in a database connection back into the pool, indicating that you
@@ -355,6 +369,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
               conn.expire
             end
 
+            conn.lock_thread = nil
             @available.add conn
           end
         end
@@ -448,8 +463,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
         @available.num_waiting
       end
 
-      # Return connection pool's usage statistic
-      # Example:
+      # Returns the connection pool's usage statistic.
       #
       #    ActiveRecord::Base.connection_pool.stat # => { size: 15, connections: 1, busy: 1, dead: 0, idle: 0, waiting: 0, checkout_timeout: 5 }
       def stat
@@ -510,7 +524,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
 
         def current_thread
-          @lock_thread || Thread.current
+          @lock_thread || ActiveSupport::IsolatedExecutionState.context
         end
 
         # Take control of all existing connections so a "group" action such as
@@ -527,13 +541,13 @@ module ActiveRecord
         def attempt_to_checkout_all_existing_connections(raise_on_acquisition_timeout = true)
           collected_conns = synchronize do
             # account for our own connections
-            @connections.select { |conn| conn.owner == Thread.current }
+            @connections.select { |conn| conn.owner == ActiveSupport::IsolatedExecutionState.context }
           end
 
           newly_checked_out = []
           timeout_time      = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC) + (@checkout_timeout * 2)
 
-          @available.with_a_bias_for(Thread.current) do
+          @available.with_a_bias_for(ActiveSupport::IsolatedExecutionState.context) do
             loop do
               synchronize do
                 return if collected_conns.size == @connections.size && @now_connecting == 0
@@ -580,7 +594,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
           thread_report = []
           @connections.each do |conn|
-            unless conn.owner == Thread.current
+            unless conn.owner == ActiveSupport::IsolatedExecutionState.context
               thread_report << "#{conn} is owned by #{conn.owner}"
             end
           end
@@ -641,7 +655,13 @@ module ActiveRecord
             conn
           else
             reap
-            @available.poll(checkout_timeout)
+            # Retry after reaping, which may return an available connection,
+            # remove an inactive connection, or both
+            if conn = @available.poll || try_to_checkout_new_connection
+              conn
+            else
+              @available.poll(checkout_timeout)
+            end
           end
         end
 
@@ -653,9 +673,12 @@ module ActiveRecord
         alias_method :release, :remove_connection_from_thread_cache
 
         def new_connection
-          Base.public_send(db_config.adapter_method, db_config.configuration_hash).tap do |conn|
-            conn.check_version
-          end
+          connection = Base.public_send(db_config.adapter_method, db_config.configuration_hash)
+          connection.pool = self
+          connection.check_version
+          connection
+        rescue ConnectionNotEstablished => ex
+          raise ex.set_pool(self)
         end
 
         # If the pool is not at a <tt>@size</tt> limit, establish new connection. Connecting
@@ -702,10 +725,10 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
         def checkout_and_verify(c)
           c._run_checkout_callbacks do
-            c.verify!
+            c.clean!
           end
           c
-        rescue
+        rescue Exception
           remove c
           c.disconnect!
           raise