activerecord 7.0.0 → 7.1.2

data/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,1697 +1,2359 @@
-## Rails 7.0.0 (December 15, 2021) ##
+## Rails 7.1.2 (November 10, 2023) ##
 
-*   Better handle SQL queries with invalid encoding.
+*   Fix renaming primary key index when renaming a table with a UUID primary key
+    in PostgreSQL.
 
-    ```ruby
-    Post.create(name: "broken \xC8 UTF-8")
-    ```
+    *fatkodima*
 
-    Would cause all adapters to fail in a non controlled way in the code
-    responsible to detect write queries.
+*   Fix `where(field: values)` queries when `field` is a serialized attribute
+    (for example, when `field` uses `ActiveRecord::Base.serialize` or is a JSON
+    column).
 
-    The query is now properly passed to the database connection, which might or might
-    not be able to handle it, but will either succeed or failed in a more correct way.
+    *João Alves*
 
-    *Jean Boussier*
+*   Prevent marking broken connections as verified.
 
-*   Move database and shard selection config options to a generator.
+    *Daniel Colson*
 
-    Rather than generating the config options in `production.rb` when applications are created, applications can now run a generator to create an initializer and uncomment / update options as needed. All multi-db configuration can be implemented in this initializer.
+*   Don't mark Float::INFINITY as changed when reassigning it
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+    When saving a record with a float infinite value, it shouldn't mark as changed
 
-## Rails 7.0.0.rc3 (December 14, 2021) ##
+    *Maicol Bentancor*
 
-*   No changes.
+*   `ActiveRecord::Base.table_name` now returns `nil` instead of raising
+    "undefined method `abstract_class?` for Object:Class".
 
+    *a5-stable*
 
-## Rails 7.0.0.rc2 (December 14, 2021) ##
+*   Fix upserting for custom `:on_duplicate` and `:unique_by` consisting of all
+    inserts keys.
 
-*   No changes.
+    *fatkodima*
 
-## Rails 7.0.0.rc1 (December 06, 2021) ##
+*   Fixed an [issue](https://github.com/rails/rails/issues/49809) where saving a
+    record could innappropriately `dup` its attributes.
 
-*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::DatabaseConfig#spec_name`.
+    *Jonathan Hefner*
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+*   Dump schema only for a specific db for rollback/up/down tasks for multiple dbs.
 
-*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Connection#in_clause_length`.
+    *fatkodima*
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+*   Fix `NoMethodError` when casting a PostgreSQL `money` value that uses a
+    comma as its radix point and has no leading currency symbol.  For example,
+    when casting `"3,50"`.
+
+    *Andreas Reischuck* and *Jonathan Hefner*
+
+*   Re-enable support for using `enum` with non-column-backed attributes.
+    Non-column-backed attributes must be previously declared with an explicit
+    type. For example:
+
+      ```ruby
+      class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
+        attribute :topic, :string
+        enum topic: %i[science tech engineering math]
+      end
+      ```
+
+    *Jonathan Hefner*
+
+*   Raise on `foreign_key:` being passed as an array in associations
+
+    *Nikita Vasilevsky*
+
+*   Return back maximum allowed PostgreSQL table name to 63 characters.
+
+    *fatkodima*
+
+*   Fix detecting `IDENTITY` columns for PostgreSQL < 10.
+
+    *fatkodima*
+
+
+## Rails 7.1.1 (October 11, 2023) ##
+
+*   Fix auto populating IDENTITY columns for PostgreSQL.
+
+    *fatkodima*
+
+*   Fix "ArgumentError: wrong number of arguments (given 3, expected 2)" when
+    down migrating `rename_table` in older migrations.
+
+    *fatkodima*
 
-*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Connection#allowed_index_name_length`.
+*   Do not require the Action Text, Active Storage and Action Mailbox tables
+    to be present when running when running test on CI.
 
     *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Base#remove_connection`.
+
+## Rails 7.1.0 (October 05, 2023) ##
+
+*   No changes.
+
+
+## Rails 7.1.0.rc2 (October 01, 2023) ##
+
+*   Remove -shm and -wal SQLite files when `rails db:drop` is run.
+
+    *Niklas Häusele*
+
+*   Revert the change to raise an `ArgumentError` when `#accepts_nested_attributes_for` is declared more than once for
+    an association in the same class.
+
+    The reverted behavior broke the case where the `#accepts_nested_attributes_for` was defined in a concern and
+    where overridden in the class that included the concern.
 
     *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Load STI Models in fixtures
 
-    Data from Fixtures now loads based on the specific class for models with
-    Single Table Inheritance. This affects enums defined in subclasses, previously
-    the value of these fields was not parsed and remained `nil`
+## Rails 7.1.0.rc1 (September 27, 2023) ##
+
+*   Better naming for unique constraints support.
+
+    Naming unique keys leads to misunderstanding it's a short-hand of unique indexes.
+    Just naming it unique constraints is not misleading.
+
+    In Rails 7.1.0.beta1 or before:
+
+    ```ruby
+    add_unique_key :sections, [:position], deferrable: :deferred, name: "unique_section_position"
+    remove_unique_key :sections, name: "unique_section_position"
+    ```
+
+    Now:
+
+    ```ruby
+    add_unique_constraint :sections, [:position], deferrable: :deferred, name: "unique_section_position"
+    remove_unique_constraint :sections, name: "unique_section_position"
+    ```
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Fix duplicate quoting for check constraint expressions in schema dump when using MySQL
+
+    A check constraint with an expression, that already contains quotes, lead to an invalid schema
+    dump with the mysql2 adapter.
+
+    Fixes #42424.
 
-    *Andres Howard*
+    *Felix Tscheulin*
 
-*   `#authenticate` returns false when the password is blank instead of raising an error.
+*   Performance tune the SQLite3 adapter connection configuration
 
-    *Muhammad Muhammad Ibrahim*
+    For Rails applications, the Write-Ahead-Log in normal syncing mode with a capped journal size, a healthy shared memory buffer and a shared cache will perform, on average, 2× better.
 
-*   Fix `ActiveRecord::QueryMethods#in_order_of` behavior for integer enums.
+    *Stephen Margheim*
 
-    `ActiveRecord::QueryMethods#in_order_of` didn't work as expected for enums stored as integers in the database when passing an array of strings or symbols as the order argument. This unexpected behavior occurred because the string or symbol values were not casted to match the integers in the database.
+*   Allow SQLite3 `busy_handler` to be configured with simple max number of `retries`
 
-    The following example now works as expected:
+    Retrying busy connections without delay is a preferred practice for performance-sensitive applications. Add support for a `database.yml` `retries` integer, which is used in a simple `busy_handler` function to retry busy connections without exponential backoff up to the max number of `retries`.
+
+    *Stephen Margheim*
+
+*   The SQLite3 adapter now supports `supports_insert_returning?`
+
+    Implementing the full `supports_insert_returning?` contract means the SQLite3 adapter supports auto-populated columns (#48241) as well as custom primary keys.
+
+    *Stephen Margheim*
+
+*   Ensure the SQLite3 adapter handles default functions with the `||` concatenation operator
+
+    Previously, this default function would produce the static string `"'Ruby ' || 'on ' || 'Rails'"`.
+    Now, the adapter will appropriately receive and use `"Ruby on Rails"`.
 
     ```ruby
-    class Book < ApplicationRecord
-      enum status: [:proposed, :written, :published]
+    change_column_default "test_models", "ruby_on_rails", -> { "('Ruby ' || 'on ' || 'Rails')" }
+    ```
+
+    *Stephen Margheim*
+
+*   Dump PostgreSQL schemas as part of the schema dump.
+
+    *Lachlan Sylvester*
+
+
+## Rails 7.1.0.beta1 (September 13, 2023) ##
+
+*   Encryption now supports `support_unencrypted_data` being set per-attribute.
+
+    You can now opt out of `support_unencrypted_data` on a specific encrypted attribute.
+    This only has an effect if `ActiveRecord::Encryption.config.support_unencrypted_data == true`.
+
+    ```ruby
+    class User < ActiveRecord::Base
+      encrypts :name, deterministic: true, support_unencrypted_data: false
+      encrypts :email, deterministic: true
     end
+    ```
+
+    *Alex Ghiculescu*
+
+*   Add instrumentation for Active Record transactions
 
-    Book.in_order_of(:status, %w[written published proposed])
+    Allows subscribing to transaction events for tracking/instrumentation. The event payload contains the connection and the outcome (commit, rollback, restart, incomplete), as well as timing details.
+
+    ```ruby
+    ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe("transaction.active_record") do |event|
+      puts "Transaction event occurred!"
+      connection = event.payload[:connection]
+      puts "Connection: #{connection.inspect}"
+    end
     ```
 
-    *Alexandre Ruban*
+    *Daniel Colson*, *Ian Candy*
 
-*   Ignore persisted in-memory records when merging target lists.
+*   Support composite foreign keys via migration helpers.
 
-    *Kevin Sjöberg*
+    ```ruby
+    # Assuming "carts" table has "(shop_id, user_id)" as a primary key.
 
-*   Add a new option `:update_only` to `upsert_all` to configure the list of columns to update in case of conflict.
+    add_foreign_key(:orders, :carts, primary_key: [:shop_id, :user_id])
 
-    Before, you could only customize the update SQL sentence via `:on_duplicate`. There is now a new option `:update_only` that lets you provide a list of columns to update in case of conflict:
+    remove_foreign_key(:orders, :carts, primary_key: [:shop_id, :user_id])
+    foreign_key_exists?(:orders, :carts, primary_key: [:shop_id, :user_id])
+    ```
+
+    *fatkodima*
+
+*   Adds support for `if_not_exists` when adding a check constraint.
 
     ```ruby
-    Commodity.upsert_all(
-      [
-        { id: 2, name: "Copper", price: 4.84 },
-        { id: 4, name: "Gold", price: 1380.87 },
-        { id: 6, name: "Aluminium", price: 0.35 }
-      ],
-      update_only: [:price] # Only prices will be updated
-    )
+    add_check_constraint :posts, "post_type IN ('blog', 'comment', 'share')", if_not_exists: true
     ```
 
-    *Jorge Manrubia*
+    *Cody Cutrer*
 
-*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Result#map!` and `ActiveRecord::Result#collect!`.
+*   Raise an `ArgumentError` when `#accepts_nested_attributes_for` is declared more than once for an association in
+    the same class. Previously, the last declaration would silently override the previous one. Overriding in a subclass
+    is still allowed.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    *Joshua Young*
 
-*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.to_h`.
+*   Deprecate `rewhere` argument on `#merge`.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    The `rewhere` argument on `#merge`is deprecated without replacement and
+    will be removed in Rails 7.2.
 
-*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.default_hash`.
+    *Adam Hess*
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+*   Deprecate aliasing non-attributes with `alias_attribute`.
 
-*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Base.arel_attribute`.
+    *Ian Candy*
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+*   Fix unscope is not working in specific case
+
+    Before:
+    ```ruby
+    Post.where(id: 1...3).unscope(where: :id).to_sql # "SELECT `posts`.* FROM `posts` WHERE `posts`.`id` >= 1 AND `posts`.`id` < 3"
 
-*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Base.connection_config`.
+    ```
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    After:
+    ```ruby
+    Post.where(id: 1...3).unscope(where: :id).to_sql # "SELECT `posts`.* FROM `posts`"
+    ```
+
+    Fixes #48094.
 
-*   Filter attributes in SQL logs
+    *Kazuya Hatanaka*
 
-    Previously, SQL queries in logs containing `ActiveRecord::Base.filter_attributes` were not filtered.
+*   Change `has_secure_token` default to `on: :initialize`
 
-    Now, the filter attributes will be masked `[FILTERED]` in the logs when `prepared_statement` is enabled.
+    Change the new default value from `on: :create` to `on: :initialize`
 
+    Can be controlled by the `config.active_record.generate_secure_token_on`
+    configuration:
+
+    ```ruby
+    config.active_record.generate_secure_token_on = :create
     ```
-    # Before:
-      Foo Load (0.2ms)  SELECT "foos".* FROM "foos" WHERE "foos"."passw" = ? LIMIT ?  [["passw", "hello"], ["LIMIT", 1]]
 
-    # After:
-      Foo Load (0.5ms)  SELECT "foos".* FROM "foos" WHERE "foos"."passw" = ? LIMIT ?  [["passw", "[FILTERED]"], ["LIMIT", 1]]
+    *Sean Doyle*
+
+*   Fix `change_column` not setting `precision: 6` on `datetime` columns when
+    using 7.0+ Migrations and SQLite.
+
+    *Hartley McGuire*
+
+*   Support composite identifiers in `to_key`
+
+    `to_key` avoids wrapping `#id` value into an `Array` if `#id` already an array
+
+    *Nikita Vasilevsky*
+
+*   Add validation option for `enum`
+
+    ```ruby
+    class Contract < ApplicationRecord
+      enum :status, %w[in_progress completed], validate: true
+    end
+    Contract.new(status: "unknown").valid? # => false
+    Contract.new(status: nil).valid? # => false
+    Contract.new(status: "completed").valid? # => true
+
+    class Contract < ApplicationRecord
+      enum :status, %w[in_progress completed], validate: { allow_nil: true }
+    end
+    Contract.new(status: "unknown").valid? # => false
+    Contract.new(status: nil).valid? # => true
+    Contract.new(status: "completed").valid? # => true
     ```
 
-    *Aishwarya Subramanian*
+    *Edem Topuzov*, *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Remove deprecated `Tasks::DatabaseTasks.spec`.
+*   Allow batching methods to use already loaded relation if available
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    Calling batch methods on already loaded relations will use the records previously loaded instead of retrieving
+    them from the database again.
 
-*   Remove deprecated `Tasks::DatabaseTasks.current_config`.
+    *Adam Hess*
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+*   Deprecate `read_attribute(:id)` returning the primary key if the primary key is not `:id`.
 
-*   Deprecate `Tasks::DatabaseTasks.schema_file_type`.
+    Starting in Rails 7.2, `read_attribute(:id)` will return the value of the id column, regardless of the model's
+    primary key. To retrieve the value of the primary key, use `#id` instead. `read_attribute(:id)` for composite
+    primary key models will now return the value of the id column.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    *Adrianna Chang*
 
-*   Remove deprecated `Tasks::DatabaseTasks.dump_filename`.
+*   Fix `change_table` setting datetime precision for 6.1 Migrations
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    *Hartley McGuire*
 
-*   Remove deprecated `Tasks::DatabaseTasks.schema_file`.
+*   Fix change_column setting datetime precision for 6.1 Migrations
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    *Hartley McGuire*
 
-*   Remove deprecated `environment` and `name` arguments from `Tasks::DatabaseTasks.schema_up_to_date?`.
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base#id_value` alias to access the raw value of a record's id column.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    This alias is only provided for models that declare an `:id` column.
 
-*   Merging conditions on the same column no longer maintain both conditions,
-    and will be consistently replaced by the latter condition.
+    *Adrianna Chang*
 
-    ```ruby
-    # Rails 6.1 (IN clause is replaced by merger side equality condition)
-    Author.where(id: [david.id, mary.id]).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => [bob]
-    # Rails 6.1 (both conflict conditions exists, deprecated)
-    Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => []
-    # Rails 6.1 with rewhere to migrate to Rails 7.0's behavior
-    Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id).merge(Author.where(id: bob), rewhere: true) # => [bob]
-    # Rails 7.0 (same behavior with IN clause, mergee side condition is consistently replaced)
-    Author.where(id: [david.id, mary.id]).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => [bob]
-    Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => [bob]
+*   Fix previous change tracking for `ActiveRecord::Store` when using a column with JSON structured database type
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    Before, the methods to access the changes made during the last save `#saved_change_to_key?`, `#saved_change_to_key`, and `#key_before_last_save` did not work if the store was defined as a `store_accessor` on a column with a JSON structured database type
 
-*   Remove deprecated support to `Model.reorder(nil).first` to search using non-deterministic order.
+    *Robert DiMartino*
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+*   Fully support `NULLS [NOT] DISTINCT` for PostgreSQL 15+ indexes.
 
-*   Remove deprecated rake tasks:
+    Previous work was done to allow the index to be created in a migration, but it was not
+    supported in schema.rb. Additionally, the matching for `NULLS [NOT] DISTINCT` was not
+    in the correct order, which could have resulted in inconsistent schema detection.
 
-    * `db:schema:load_if_ruby`
-    * `db:structure:dump`
-    * `db:structure:load`
-    * `db:structure:load_if_sql`
-    * `db:structure:dump:#{name}`
-    * `db:structure:load:#{name}`
-    * `db:test:load_structure`
-    * `db:test:load_structure:#{name}`
+    *Gregory Jones*
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+*   Allow escaping of literal colon characters in `sanitize_sql_*` methods when named bind variables are used
 
-*   Remove deprecated `DatabaseConfig#config` method.
+    *Justin Bull*
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+*   Fix `#previously_new_record?` to return true for destroyed records.
 
-*   Rollback transactions when the block returns earlier than expected.
+    Before, if a record was created and then destroyed, `#previously_new_record?` would return true.
+    Now, any UPDATE or DELETE to a record is considered a change, and will result in `#previously_new_record?`
+    returning false.
 
-    Before this change, when a transaction block returned early, the transaction would be committed.
+    *Adrianna Chang*
 
-    The problem is that timeouts triggered inside the transaction block was also making the incomplete transaction
-    to be committed, so in order to avoid this mistake, the transaction block is rolled back.
+*   Specify callback in `has_secure_token`
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    ```ruby
+    class User < ApplicationRecord
+      has_secure_token on: :initialize
+    end
+
+    User.new.token # => "abc123...."
+    ```
+
+    *Sean Doyle*
+
+*   Fix incrementation of in memory counter caches when associations overlap
+
+    When two associations had a similarly named counter cache column, Active Record
+    could sometime increment the wrong one.
+
+    *Jacopo Beschi*, *Jean Boussier*
 
-*   Add middleware for automatic shard swapping.
+*   Don't show secrets for Active Record's `Cipher::Aes256Gcm#inspect`.
 
-    Provides a basic middleware to perform automatic shard swapping. Applications will provide a resolver which will determine for an individual request which shard should be used. Example:
+    Before:
 
     ```ruby
-    config.active_record.shard_resolver = ->(request) {
-      subdomain = request.subdomain
-      tenant = Tenant.find_by_subdomain!(subdomain)
-      tenant.shard
-    }
+    ActiveRecord::Encryption::Cipher::Aes256Gcm.new(secret).inspect
+    "#<ActiveRecord::Encryption::Cipher::Aes256Gcm:0x0000000104888038 ... @secret=\"\\xAF\\bFh]LV}q\\nl\\xB2U\\xB3 ... >"
     ```
 
-    See guides for more details.
+    After:
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
+    ```ruby
+    ActiveRecord::Encryption::Cipher::Aes256Gcm(secret).inspect
+    "#<ActiveRecord::Encryption::Cipher::Aes256Gcm:0x0000000104888038>"
+    ```
 
-*   Remove deprecated support to pass a column to `type_cast`.
+    *Petrik de Heus*
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+*   Bring back the historical behavior of committing transaction on non-local return.
+
+    ```ruby
+    Model.transaction do
+      model.save
+      return
+      other_model.save # not executed
+    end
+    ```
 
-*   Remove deprecated support to type cast to database values `ActiveRecord::Base` objects.
+    Historically only raised errors would trigger a rollback, but in Ruby `2.3`, the `timeout` library
+    started using `throw` to interrupt execution which had the adverse effect of committing open transactions.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    To solve this, in Active Record 6.1 the behavior was changed to instead rollback the transaction as it was safer
+    than to potentially commit an incomplete transaction.
 
-*   Remove deprecated support to quote `ActiveRecord::Base` objects.
+    Using `return`, `break` or `throw` inside a `transaction` block was essentially deprecated from Rails 6.1 onwards.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    However with the release of `timeout 0.4.0`, `Timeout.timeout` now raises an error again, and Active Record is able
+    to return to its original, less surprising, behavior.
 
-*   Remove deprecacated support to resolve connection using `"primary"` as connection specification name.
+    This historical behavior can now be opt-ed in via:
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    ```
+    Rails.application.config.active_record.commit_transaction_on_non_local_return = true
+    ```
+
+    And is the default for new applications created in Rails 7.1.
+
+    *Jean Boussier*
+
+*   Deprecate `name` argument on `#remove_connection`.
+
+    The `name` argument is deprecated on `#remove_connection` without replacement. `#remove_connection` should be called directly on the class that established the connection.
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+
+*   Fix has_one through singular building with inverse.
+
+    Allows building of records from an association with a has_one through a
+    singular association with inverse. For belongs_to through associations,
+    linking the foreign key to the primary key model isn't needed.
+    For has_one, we cannot build records due to the association not being mutable.
+
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
+
+*   Disable database prepared statements when query logs are enabled
+
+    Prepared Statements and Query Logs are incompatible features due to query logs making every query unique.
+
+    *zzak, Jean Boussier*
+
+*   Support decrypting data encrypted non-deterministically with a SHA1 hash digest.
+
+    This adds a new Active Record encryption option to support decrypting data encrypted
+    non-deterministically with a SHA1 hash digest:
+
+    ```
+    Rails.application.config.active_record.encryption.support_sha1_for_non_deterministic_encryption = true
+    ```
+
+    The new option addresses a problem when upgrading from 7.0 to 7.1. Due to a bug in how Active Record
+    Encryption was getting initialized, the key provider used for non-deterministic encryption were using
+    SHA-1 as its digest class, instead of the one configured globally by Rails via
+    `Rails.application.config.active_support.key_generator_hash_digest_class`.
 
-*   Remove deprecation warning when using `:interval` column is used in PostgreSQL database.
+    *Cadu Ribeiro and Jorge Manrubia*
 
-    Now, interval columns will return `ActiveSupport::Duration` objects instead of strings.
+*   Added PostgreSQL migration commands for enum rename, add value, and rename value.
 
-    To keep the old behavior, you can add this line to your model:
+    `rename_enum` and `rename_enum_value` are reversible. Due to Postgres
+    limitation, `add_enum_value` is not reversible since you cannot delete enum
+    values. As an alternative you should drop and recreate the enum entirely.
 
     ```ruby
-    attribute :column, :string
+    rename_enum :article_status, to: :article_state
     ```
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    ```ruby
+    add_enum_value :article_state, "archived" # will be at the end of existing values
+    add_enum_value :article_state, "in review", before: "published"
+    add_enum_value :article_state, "approved", after: "in review"
+    ```
 
-*   Remove deprecated support to YAML load `ActiveRecord::Base` instance in the Rails 4.2 and 4.1 formats.
+    ```ruby
+    rename_enum_value :article_state, from: "archived", to: "deleted"
+    ```
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    *Ray Faddis*
 
-*   Remove deprecated option `:spec_name` in the `configs_for` method.
+*   Allow composite primary key to be derived from schema
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    Booting an application with a schema that contains composite primary keys
+    will not issue warning and won't `nil`ify the `ActiveRecord::Base#primary_key` value anymore.
 
-*   Remove deprecated  `ActiveRecord::Base.allow_unsafe_raw_sql`.
+    Given a `travel_routes` table definition and a `TravelRoute` model like:
+    ```ruby
+    create_table :travel_routes, primary_key: [:origin, :destination], force: true do |t|
+      t.string :origin
+      t.string :destination
+    end
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    class TravelRoute < ActiveRecord::Base; end
+    ```
+    The `TravelRoute.primary_key` value will be automatically derived to `["origin", "destination"]`
 
-*   Fix regression bug that caused ignoring additional conditions for preloading has_many-through relations.
+    *Nikita Vasilevsky*
 
-    Fixes #43132
+*   Include the `connection_pool` with exceptions raised from an adapter.
 
-    *Alexander Pauly*
+    The `connection_pool` provides added context such as the connection used
+    that led to the exception as well as which role and shard.
 
-*   Fix `has_many` inversing recursion on models with recursive associations.
+    *Luan Vieira*
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+*   Support multiple column ordering for `find_each`, `find_in_batches` and `in_batches`.
 
-*   Add `accepts_nested_attributes_for` support for `delegated_type`
+    When find_each/find_in_batches/in_batches are performed on a table with composite primary keys, ascending or descending order can be selected for each key.
 
     ```ruby
-    class Entry < ApplicationRecord
-      delegated_type :entryable, types: %w[ Message Comment ]
-      accepts_nested_attributes_for :entryable
+    Person.find_each(order: [:desc, :asc]) do |person|
+      person.party_all_night!
     end
+    ```
+
+    *Takuya Kurimoto*
 
-    entry = Entry.create(entryable_type: 'Message', entryable_attributes: { content: 'Hello world' })
-    # => #<Entry:0x00>
-    # id: 1
-    # entryable_id: 1,
-    # entryable_type: 'Message'
-    # ...>
+*   Fix where on association with has_one/has_many polymorphic relations.
 
-    entry.entryable
-    # => #<Message:0x01>
-    # id: 1
-    # content: 'Hello world'
-    # ...>
+    Before:
+    ```ruby
+    Treasure.where(price_estimates: PriceEstimate.all)
+    #=> SELECT (...) WHERE "treasures"."id" IN (SELECT "price_estimates"."estimate_of_id" FROM "price_estimates")
     ```
 
-    Previously it would raise an error:
+    Later:
+    ```ruby
+    Treasure.where(price_estimates: PriceEstimate.all)
+    #=> SELECT (...) WHERE "treasures"."id" IN (SELECT "price_estimates"."estimate_of_id" FROM "price_estimates" WHERE "price_estimates"."estimate_of_type" = 'Treasure')
+    ```
+
+    *Lázaro Nixon*
+
+*   Assign auto populated columns on Active Record record creation.
+
+    Changes record creation logic to allow for the `auto_increment` column to be assigned
+    immediately after creation regardless of it's relation to the model's primary key.
+
+    The PostgreSQL adapter benefits the most from the change allowing for any number of auto-populated
+    columns to be assigned on the object immediately after row insertion utilizing the `RETURNING` statement.
+
+    *Nikita Vasilevsky*
+
+*   Use the first key in the `shards` hash from `connected_to` for the `default_shard`.
+
+    Some applications may not want to use `:default` as a shard name in their connection model. Unfortunately Active Record expects there to be a `:default` shard because it must assume a shard to get the right connection from the pool manager. Rather than force applications to manually set this, `connects_to` can infer the default shard name from the hash of shards and will now assume that the first shard is your default.
+
+    For example if your model looked like this:
 
     ```ruby
-    Entry.create(entryable_type: 'Message', entryable_attributes: { content: 'Hello world' })
-    # ArgumentError: Cannot build association `entryable'. Are you trying to build a polymorphic one-to-one association?
+    class ShardRecord < ApplicationRecord
+      self.abstract_class = true
+
+      connects_to shards: {
+        shard_one: { writing: :shard_one },
+        shard_two: { writing: :shard_two }
+      }
     ```
 
-    *Sjors Baltus*
+    Then the `default_shard` for this class would be set to `shard_one`.
 
-*   Use subquery for DELETE with GROUP_BY and HAVING clauses.
+    Fixes: #45390
 
-    Prior to this change, deletes with GROUP_BY and HAVING were returning an error.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    After this change, GROUP_BY and HAVING are valid clauses in DELETE queries, generating the following query:
+*   Fix mutation detection for serialized attributes backed by binary columns.
 
-    ```sql
-    DELETE FROM "posts" WHERE "posts"."id" IN (
-        SELECT "posts"."id" FROM "posts" INNER JOIN "comments" ON "comments"."post_id" = "posts"."id" GROUP BY "posts"."id" HAVING (count(comments.id) >= 2))
-    )  [["flagged", "t"]]
+    *Jean Boussier*
+
+*   Add `ActiveRecord.disconnect_all!` method to immediately close all connections from all pools.
+
+    *Jean Boussier*
+
+*   Discard connections which may have been left in a transaction.
+
+    There are cases where, due to an error, `within_new_transaction` may unexpectedly leave a connection in an open transaction. In these cases the connection may be reused, and the following may occur:
+    - Writes appear to fail when they actually succeed.
+    - Writes appear to succeed when they actually fail.
+    - Reads return stale or uncommitted data.
+
+    Previously, the following case was detected:
+    - An error is encountered during the transaction, then another error is encountered while attempting to roll it back.
+
+    Now, the following additional cases are detected:
+    - An error is encountered just after successfully beginning a transaction.
+    - An error is encountered while committing a transaction, then another error is encountered while attempting to roll it back.
+    - An error is encountered while rolling back a transaction.
+
+    *Nick Dower*
+
+*   Active Record query cache now evicts least recently used entries
+
+    By default it only keeps the `100` most recently used queries.
+
+    The cache size can be configured via `database.yml`
+
+    ```yaml
+    development:
+      adapter: mysql2
+      query_cache: 200
     ```
 
-    *Ignacio Chiazzo Cardarello*
+    It can also be entirely disabled:
 
-*   Use subquery for UPDATE with GROUP_BY and HAVING clauses.
+    ```yaml
+    development:
+      adapter: mysql2
+      query_cache: false
+    ```
 
-    Prior to this change, updates with GROUP_BY and HAVING were being ignored, generating a SQL like this:
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-    ```sql
-    UPDATE "posts" SET "flagged" = ? WHERE "posts"."id" IN (
-        SELECT "posts"."id" FROM "posts" INNER JOIN "comments" ON "comments"."post_id" = "posts"."id"
-    )  [["flagged", "t"]]
+*   Deprecate `check_pending!` in favor of `check_all_pending!`.
+
+    `check_pending!` will only check for pending migrations on the current database connection or the one passed in. This has been deprecated in favor of `check_all_pending!` which will find all pending migrations for the database configurations in a given environment.
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+
+*   Make `increment_counter`/`decrement_counter` accept an amount argument
+
+    ```ruby
+    Post.increment_counter(:comments_count, 5, by: 3)
     ```
 
-    After this change, GROUP_BY and HAVING clauses are used as a subquery in updates, like this:
+    *fatkodima*
 
-    ```sql
-    UPDATE "posts" SET "flagged" = ? WHERE "posts"."id" IN (
-        SELECT "posts"."id" FROM "posts" INNER JOIN "comments" ON "comments"."post_id" = "posts"."id"
-        GROUP BY posts.id HAVING (count(comments.id) >= 2)
-    )  [["flagged", "t"]]
+*   Add support for `Array#intersect?` to `ActiveRecord::Relation`.
+
+    `Array#intersect?` is only available on Ruby 3.1 or later.
+
+    This allows the Rubocop `Style/ArrayIntersect` cop to work with `ActiveRecord::Relation` objects.
+
+    *John Harry Kelly*
+
+*   The deferrable foreign key can be passed to `t.references`.
+
+    *Hiroyuki Ishii*
+
+*   Deprecate `deferrable: true` option of `add_foreign_key`.
+
+    `deferrable: true` is deprecated in favor of `deferrable: :immediate`, and
+    will be removed in Rails 7.2.
+
+    Because `deferrable: true` and `deferrable: :deferred` are hard to understand.
+    Both true and :deferred are truthy values.
+    This behavior is the same as the deferrable option of the add_unique_key method, added in #46192.
+
+    *Hiroyuki Ishii*
+
+*   `AbstractAdapter#execute` and `#exec_query` now clear the query cache
+
+    If you need to perform a read only SQL query without clearing the query
+    cache, use `AbstractAdapter#select_all`.
+
+    *Jean Boussier*
+
+*   Make `.joins` / `.left_outer_joins` work with CTEs.
+
+    For example:
+
+    ```ruby
+    Post
+     .with(commented_posts: Comment.select(:post_id).distinct)
+     .joins(:commented_posts)
+    #=> WITH (...) SELECT ... INNER JOIN commented_posts on posts.id = commented_posts.post_id
     ```
 
-    *Ignacio Chiazzo Cardarello*
+    *Vladimir Dementyev*
+
+*   Add a load hook for `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::Mysql2Adapter`
+    (named `active_record_mysql2adapter`) to allow for overriding aspects of the
+    `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::Mysql2Adapter` class. This makes `Mysql2Adapter`
+    consistent with `PostgreSQLAdapter` and `SQLite3Adapter` that already have load hooks.
 
-*   Add support for setting the filename of the schema or structure dump in the database config.
+    *fatkodima*
+
+*   Introduce adapter for Trilogy database client
 
-    Applications may now set their the filename or path of the schema / structure dump file in their database configuration.
+    Trilogy is a MySQL-compatible database client. Rails applications can use Trilogy
+    by configuring their `config/database.yml`:
 
     ```yaml
-    production:
-      primary:
-        database: my_db
-        schema_dump: my_schema_dump_filename.rb
-      animals:
-        database: animals_db
-        schema_dump: false
+    development:
+    adapter: trilogy
+    database: blog_development
+    pool: 5
+    ```
+
+    Or by using the `DATABASE_URL` environment variable:
+
+    ```ruby
+    ENV['DATABASE_URL'] # => "trilogy://localhost/blog_development?pool=5"
     ```
 
-    The filename set in `schema_dump` will be used by the application. If set to `false` the schema will not be dumped. The database tasks are responsible for adding the database directory to the filename. If a full path is provided, the Rails tasks will use that instead of `ActiveRecord::DatabaseTasks.db_dir`.
+    *Adrianna Chang*
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *Ryan Kerr*
+*   `after_commit` callbacks defined on models now execute in the correct order.
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.prohibit_shard_swapping` to prevent attempts to change the shard within a block.
+    ```ruby
+    class User < ActiveRecord::Base
+      after_commit { puts("this gets called first") }
+      after_commit { puts("this gets called second") }
+    end
+    ```
 
-    *John Crepezzi*, *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+    Previously, the callbacks executed in the reverse order. To opt in to the new behaviour:
 
-*   Filter unchanged attributes with default function from insert query when `partial_inserts` is disabled.
+    ```ruby
+    config.active_record.run_after_transaction_callbacks_in_order_defined = true
+    ```
 
-    *Akshay Birajdar*, *Jacopo Beschi*
+    This is the default for new apps.
 
-*   Add support for FILTER clause (SQL:2003) to Arel.
+    *Alex Ghiculescu*
 
-    Currently supported by PostgreSQL 9.4+ and SQLite 3.30+.
+*   Infer `foreign_key` when `inverse_of` is present on `has_one` and `has_many` associations.
 
-    *Andrey Novikov*
+    ```ruby
+    has_many :citations, foreign_key: "book1_id", inverse_of: :book
+    ```
 
-*   Automatically set timestamps on record creation during bulk insert/upsert
+    can be simplified to
 
-    Prior to this change, only updates during an upsert operation (e.g. `upsert_all`) would touch timestamps (`updated_{at,on}`). Now, record creations also touch timestamp columns (`{created,updated}_{at,on}`).
+    ```ruby
+    has_many :citations, inverse_of: :book
+    ```
 
-    This behaviour is controlled by the `<model>.record_timestamps` config, matching the behaviour of `create`, `update`, etc. It can also be overridden by using the `record_timestamps:` keyword argument.
+    and the foreign_key will be read from the corresponding `belongs_to` association.
 
-    Note that this means `upsert_all` on models with `record_timestamps = false` will no longer touch `updated_{at,on}` automatically.
+    *Daniel Whitney*
 
-    *Sam Bostock*
+*   Limit max length of auto generated index names
 
-*   Don't require `role` when passing `shard` to `connected_to`.
+    Auto generated index names are now limited to 62 bytes, which fits within
+    the default index name length limits for MySQL, Postgres and SQLite.
 
-    `connected_to` can now be called with a `shard` only. Note that `role` is still inherited if `connected_to` calls are nested.
+    Any index name over the limit will fallback to the new short format.
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+    Before (too long):
+    ```
+    index_testings_on_foo_and_bar_and_first_name_and_last_name_and_administrator
+    ```
 
-*   Add option to lazily load the schema cache on the connection.
+    After (short format):
+    ```
+    idx_on_foo_bar_first_name_last_name_administrator_5939248142
+    ```
 
-    Previously, the only way to load the schema cache in Active Record was through the Railtie on boot. This option provides the ability to load the schema cache on the connection after it's been established. Loading the cache lazily on the connection can be beneficial for Rails applications that use multiple databases because it will load the cache at the time the connection is established. Currently Railties doesn't have access to the connections before boot.
+    The short format includes a hash to ensure the name is unique database-wide.
 
-    To use the cache, set `config.active_record.lazily_load_schema_cache = true` in your application configuration. In addition a `schema_cache_path` should be set in your database configuration if you don't want to use the default "db/schema_cache.yml" path.
+    *Mike Coutermarsh*
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+*   Introduce a more stable and optimized Marshal serializer for Active Record models.
+
+    Can be enabled with `config.active_record.marshalling_format_version = 7.1`.
+
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-*   Allow automatic `inverse_of` detection for associations with scopes.
+*   Allow specifying where clauses with column-tuple syntax.
 
-    Automatic `inverse_of` detection now works for associations with scopes. For
-    example, the `comments` association here now automatically detects
-    `inverse_of: :post`, so we don't need to pass that option:
+    Querying through `#where` now accepts a new tuple-syntax which accepts, as
+    a key, an array of columns and, as a value, an array of corresponding tuples.
+    The key specifies a list of columns, while the value is an array of
+    ordered-tuples that conform to the column list.
+
+    For instance:
 
     ```ruby
-    class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
-      has_many :comments, -> { visible }
-    end
+    # Cpk::Book => Cpk::Book(author_id: integer, number: integer, title: string, revision: integer)
+    # Cpk::Book.primary_key => ["author_id", "number"]
+
+    book = Cpk::Book.create!(author_id: 1, number: 1)
+    Cpk::Book.where(Cpk::Book.primary_key => [[1, 2]]) # => [book]
+
+    # Topic => Topic(id: integer, title: string, author_name: string...)
+
+    Topic.where([:title, :author_name] => [["The Alchemist", "Paulo Coelho"], ["Harry Potter", "J.K Rowling"]])
+    ```
 
-    class Comment < ActiveRecord::Base
-      belongs_to :post
+    *Paarth Madan*
+
+*   Allow warning codes to be ignore when reporting SQL warnings.
+
+    Active Record config that can ignore warning codes
+
+    ```ruby
+    # Configure allowlist of warnings that should always be ignored
+    config.active_record.db_warnings_ignore = [
+      "1062", # MySQL Error 1062: Duplicate entry
+    ]
+    ```
+
+    This is supported for the MySQL and PostgreSQL adapters.
+
+    *Nick Borromeo*
+
+*   Introduce `:active_record_fixtures` lazy load hook.
+
+    Hooks defined with this name will be run whenever `TestFixtures` is included
+    in a class.
+
+    ```ruby
+    ActiveSupport.on_load(:active_record_fixtures) do
+      self.fixture_paths << "test/fixtures"
     end
+
+    klass = Class.new
+    klass.include(ActiveRecord::TestFixtures)
+
+    klass.fixture_paths # => ["test/fixtures"]
     ```
 
-    Note that the automatic detection still won't work if the inverse
-    association has a scope. In this example a scope on the `post` association
-    would still prevent Rails from finding the inverse for the `comments`
-    association.
+    *Andrew Novoselac*
 
-    This will be the default for new apps in Rails 7. To opt in:
+*   Introduce `TestFixtures#fixture_paths`.
+
+    Multiple fixture paths can now be specified using the `#fixture_paths` accessor.
+    Apps will continue to have `test/fixtures` as their one fixture path by default,
+    but additional fixture paths can be specified.
 
     ```ruby
-    config.active_record.automatic_scope_inversing = true
+    ActiveSupport::TestCase.fixture_paths << "component1/test/fixtures"
+    ActiveSupport::TestCase.fixture_paths << "component2/test/fixtures"
     ```
 
-    *Daniel Colson*, *Chris Bloom*
+    `TestFixtures#fixture_path` is now deprecated.
+
+    *Andrew Novoselac*
 
-*   Accept optional transaction args to `ActiveRecord::Locking::Pessimistic#with_lock`
+*   Adds support for deferrable exclude constraints in PostgreSQL.
 
-    `#with_lock` now accepts transaction options like `requires_new:`,
-    `isolation:`, and `joinable:`
+    By default, exclude constraints in PostgreSQL are checked after each statement.
+    This works for most use cases, but becomes a major limitation when replacing
+    records with overlapping ranges by using multiple statements.
 
-    *John Mileham*
+    ```ruby
+    exclusion_constraint :users, "daterange(valid_from, valid_to) WITH &&", deferrable: :immediate
+    ```
 
-*   Adds support for deferrable foreign key constraints in PostgreSQL.
+    Passing `deferrable: :immediate` checks constraint after each statement,
+    but allows manually deferring the check using `SET CONSTRAINTS ALL DEFERRED`
+    within a transaction. This will cause the excludes to be checked after the transaction.
 
-    By default, foreign key constraints in PostgreSQL are checked after each statement. This works for most use cases,
-    but becomes a major limitation when creating related records before the parent record is inserted into the database.
-    One example of this is looking up / creating a person via one or more unique alias.
+    It's also possible to change the default behavior from an immediate check
+    (after the statement), to a deferred check (after the transaction):
 
     ```ruby
-    Person.transaction do
-      alias = Alias
-        .create_with(user_id: SecureRandom.uuid)
-        .create_or_find_by(name: "DHH")
+    exclusion_constraint :users, "daterange(valid_from, valid_to) WITH &&", deferrable: :deferred
+    ```
 
-      person = Person
-        .create_with(name: "David Heinemeier Hansson")
-        .create_or_find_by(id: alias.user_id)
-    end
+    *Hiroyuki Ishii*
+
+*   Respect `foreign_type` option to `delegated_type` for `{role}_class` method.
+
+    Usage of `delegated_type` with non-conventional `{role}_type` column names can now be specified with `foreign_type` option.
+    This option is the same as `foreign_type` as forwarded to the underlying `belongs_to` association that `delegated_type` wraps.
+
+    *Jason Karns*
+
+*   Add support for unique constraints (PostgreSQL-only).
+
+    ```ruby
+    add_unique_key :sections, [:position], deferrable: :deferred, name: "unique_section_position"
+    remove_unique_key :sections, name: "unique_section_position"
     ```
 
-    Using the default behavior, the transaction would fail when executing the first `INSERT` statement.
+    See PostgreSQL's [Unique Constraints](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/ddl-constraints.html#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-UNIQUE-CONSTRAINTS) documentation for more on unique constraints.
+
+    By default, unique constraints in PostgreSQL are checked after each statement.
+    This works for most use cases, but becomes a major limitation when replacing
+    records with unique column by using multiple statements.
 
-    By passing the `:deferrable` option to the `add_foreign_key` statement in migrations, it's possible to defer this
-    check.
+    An example of swapping unique columns between records.
 
     ```ruby
-    add_foreign_key :aliases, :person, deferrable: true
+    # position is unique column
+    old_item = Item.create!(position: 1)
+    new_item = Item.create!(position: 2)
+
+    Item.transaction do
+      old_item.update!(position: 2)
+      new_item.update!(position: 1)
+    end
     ```
 
-    Passing `deferrable: true` doesn't change the default behavior, but allows manually deferring the check using
-    `SET CONSTRAINTS ALL DEFERRED` within a transaction. This will cause the foreign keys to be checked after the
-    transaction.
+    Using the default behavior, the transaction would fail when executing the
+    first `UPDATE` statement.
 
-    It's also possible to adjust the default behavior from an immediate check (after the statement), to a deferred check
-    (after the transaction):
+    By passing the `:deferrable` option to the `add_unique_key` statement in
+    migrations, it's possible to defer this check.
 
     ```ruby
-    add_foreign_key :aliases, :person, deferrable: :deferred
+    add_unique_key :items, [:position], deferrable: :immediate
     ```
 
-    *Benedikt Deicke*
+    Passing `deferrable: :immediate` does not change the behaviour of the previous example,
+    but allows manually deferring the check using `SET CONSTRAINTS ALL DEFERRED` within a transaction.
+    This will cause the unique constraints to be checked after the transaction.
 
-*   Allow configuring Postgres password through the socket URL.
+    It's also possible to adjust the default behavior from an immediate
+    check (after the statement), to a deferred check (after the transaction):
 
-    For example:
     ```ruby
-    ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::UrlConfig.new(
-      :production, :production, 'postgres:///?user=user&password=secret&dbname=app', {}
-    ).configuration_hash
+    add_unique_key :items, [:position], deferrable: :deferred
     ```
 
-    will now return,
+    If you want to change an existing unique index to deferrable, you can use :using_index
+    to create deferrable unique constraints.
 
     ```ruby
-    { :user=>"user", :password=>"secret", :dbname=>"app", :adapter=>"postgresql" }
+    add_unique_key :items, deferrable: :deferred, using_index: "index_items_on_position"
     ```
 
-    *Abeid Ahmed*
+    *Hiroyuki Ishii*
+
+*   Remove deprecated `Tasks::DatabaseTasks.schema_file_type`.
+
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+
+*   Remove deprecated `config.active_record.partial_writes`.
+
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Base` config accessors.
+
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+
+*   Remove the `:include_replicas` argument from `configs_for`. Use `:include_hidden` argument instead.
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-*   PostgreSQL: support custom enum types
+*   Allow applications to lookup a config via a custom hash key.
 
-    In migrations, use `create_enum` to add a new enum type, and `t.enum` to add a column.
+    If you have registered a custom config or want to find configs where the hash matches a specific key, now you can pass `config_key` to `configs_for`. For example if you have a `db_config` with the key `vitess` you can look up a database configuration hash by  matching that key.
 
     ```ruby
-    def up
-      create_enum :mood, ["happy", "sad"]
+    ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "development", name: "primary", config_key: :vitess)
+    ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "development", config_key: :vitess)
+    ```
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+
+*   Allow applications to register a custom database configuration handler.
 
-      change_table :cats do |t|
-        t.enum :current_mood, enum_type: "mood", default: "happy", null: false
+    Adds a mechanism for registering a custom handler for cases where you want database configurations to respond to custom methods. This is useful for non-Rails database adapters or tools like Vitess that you may want to configure differently from a standard `HashConfig` or `UrlConfig`.
+
+    Given the following database YAML we want the `animals` db to create a `CustomConfig` object instead while the `primary` database will be a `UrlConfig`:
+
+    ```yaml
+    development:
+      primary:
+        url: postgres://localhost/primary
+      animals:
+        url: postgres://localhost/animals
+        custom_config:
+          sharded: 1
+    ```
+
+    To register a custom handler first make a class that has your custom methods:
+
+    ```ruby
+    class CustomConfig < ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::UrlConfig
+      def sharded?
+        custom_config.fetch("sharded", false)
       end
+
+      private
+        def custom_config
+          configuration_hash.fetch(:custom_config)
+        end
     end
     ```
 
-    Enums will be presented correctly in `schema.rb`. Note that this is only supported by
-    the PostgreSQL adapter.
+    Then register the config in an initializer:
+
+    ```ruby
+    ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations.register_db_config_handler do |env_name, name, url, config|
+      next unless config.key?(:custom_config)
+      CustomConfig.new(env_name, name, url, config)
+    end
+    ```
+
+    When the application is booted, configuration hashes with the `:custom_config` key will be `CustomConfig` objects and respond to `sharded?`. Applications must handle the condition in which Active Record should use their custom handler.
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle and John Crepezzi*
+
+*   `ActiveRecord::Base.serialize` no longer uses YAML by default.
+
+    YAML isn't particularly performant and can lead to security issues
+    if not used carefully.
+
+    Unfortunately there isn't really any good serializers in Ruby's stdlib
+    to replace it.
+
+    The obvious choice would be JSON, which is a fine format for this use case,
+    however the JSON serializer in Ruby's stdlib isn't strict enough, as it fallback
+    to casting unknown types to strings, which could lead to corrupted data.
+
+    Some third party JSON libraries like `Oj` have a suitable strict mode.
+
+    So it's preferable that users choose a serializer based on their own constraints.
+
+    The original default can be restored by setting `config.active_record.default_column_serializer = YAML`.
+
+    *Jean Boussier*
+
+*   `ActiveRecord::Base.serialize` signature changed.
+
+    Rather than a single positional argument that accepts two possible
+    types of values, `serialize` now accepts two distinct keyword arguments.
+
+    Before:
+
+    ```ruby
+    serialize :content, JSON
+    serialize :backtrace, Array
+    ```
+
+    After:
+
+    ```ruby
+    serialize :content, coder: JSON
+    serialize :backtrace, type: Array
+    ```
+
+    *Jean Boussier*
+
+*   YAML columns use `YAML.safe_dump` if available.
+
+    As of `psych 5.1.0`, `YAML.safe_dump` can now apply the same permitted
+    types restrictions than `YAML.safe_load`.
+
+    It's preferable to ensure the payload only use allowed types when we first
+    try to serialize it, otherwise you may end up with invalid records in the
+    database.
+
+    *Jean Boussier*
+
+*   `ActiveRecord::QueryLogs` better handle broken encoding.
+
+    It's not uncommon when building queries with BLOB fields to contain
+    binary data. Unless the call carefully encode the string in ASCII-8BIT
+    it generally end up being encoded in `UTF-8`, and `QueryLogs` would
+    end up failing on it.
+
+    `ActiveRecord::QueryLogs` no longer depend on the query to be properly encoded.
+
+    *Jean Boussier*
+
+*   Fix a bug where `ActiveRecord::Generators::ModelGenerator` would not respect create_table_migration template overrides.
+
+    ```
+    rails g model create_books title:string content:text
+    ```
+    will now read from the create_table_migration.rb.tt template in the following locations in order:
+    ```
+    lib/templates/active_record/model/create_table_migration.rb
+    lib/templates/active_record/migration/create_table_migration.rb
+    ```
+
+    *Spencer Neste*
+
+*   `ActiveRecord::Relation#explain` now accepts options.
+
+    For databases and adapters which support them (currently PostgreSQL
+    and MySQL), options can be passed to `explain` to provide more
+    detailed query plan analysis:
+
+    ```ruby
+    Customer.where(id: 1).joins(:orders).explain(:analyze, :verbose)
+    ```
+
+    *Reid Lynch*
+
+*   Multiple `Arel::Nodes::SqlLiteral` nodes can now be added together to
+    form `Arel::Nodes::Fragments` nodes. This allows joining several pieces
+    of SQL.
+
+    *Matthew Draper*, *Ole Friis*
+
+*   `ActiveRecord::Base#signed_id` raises if called on a new record.
+
+    Previously it would return an ID that was not usable, since it was based on `id = nil`.
 
     *Alex Ghiculescu*
 
-*   Avoid COMMENT statements in PostgreSQL structure dumps
+*   Allow SQL warnings to be reported.
 
-    COMMENT statements are now omitted from the output of `db:structure:dump` when using PostgreSQL >= 11.
-    This allows loading the dump without a pgsql superuser account.
+    Active Record configs can be set to enable SQL warning reporting.
+
+    ```ruby
+    # Configure action to take when SQL query produces warning
+    config.active_record.db_warnings_action = :raise
+
+    # Configure allowlist of warnings that should always be ignored
+    config.active_record.db_warnings_ignore = [
+      /Invalid utf8mb4 character string/,
+      "An exact warning message",
+    ]
+    ```
 
-    Fixes #36816, #43107.
+    This is supported for the MySQL and PostgreSQL adapters.
 
-    *Janosch Müller*
+    *Adrianna Chang*, *Paarth Madan*
 
-*   Add support for generated columns in PostgreSQL adapter
+*   Add `#regroup` query method as a short-hand for `.unscope(:group).group(fields)`
 
-    Generated columns are supported since version 12.0 of PostgreSQL. This adds
-    support of those to the PostgreSQL adapter.
+    Example:
 
     ```ruby
-    create_table :users do |t|
-      t.string :name
-      t.virtual :name_upcased, type: :string, as: 'upper(name)', stored: true
-    end
+    Post.group(:title).regroup(:author)
+    # SELECT `posts`.`*` FROM `posts` GROUP BY `posts`.`author`
     ```
 
-    *Michał Begejowicz*
+    *Danielius Visockas*
 
+*   PostgreSQL adapter method `enable_extension` now allows parameter to be `[schema_name.]<extension_name>`
+    if the extension must be installed on another schema.
 
-## Rails 7.0.0.alpha2 (September 15, 2021) ##
+    Example: `enable_extension('heroku_ext.hstore')`
 
-*   No changes.
+    *Leonardo Luarte*
 
+*   Add `:include` option to `add_index`.
 
-## Rails 7.0.0.alpha1 (September 15, 2021) ##
+    Add support for including non-key columns in indexes for PostgreSQL
+    with the `INCLUDE` parameter.
 
-*   Remove warning when overwriting existing scopes
+    ```ruby
+    add_index(:users, :email, include: [:id, :created_at])
+    ```
 
-    Removes the following unnecessary warning message that appeared when overwriting existing scopes
+    will result in:
 
+    ```sql
+    CREATE INDEX index_users_on_email USING btree (email) INCLUDE (id, created_at)
     ```
-    Creating scope :my_scope_name. Overwriting existing method "MyClass.my_scope_name" when overwriting existing scopes
+
+    *Steve Abrams*
+
+*   `ActiveRecord::Relation`’s `#any?`, `#none?`, and `#one?` methods take an optional pattern
+    argument, more closely matching their `Enumerable` equivalents.
+
+    *George Claghorn*
+
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.normalizes` for declaring attribute normalizations.
+
+    An attribute normalization is applied when the attribute is assigned or
+    updated, and the normalized value will be persisted to the database.  The
+    normalization is also applied to the corresponding keyword argument of query
+    methods, allowing records to be queried using unnormalized values.
+
+    For example:
+
+      ```ruby
+      class User < ActiveRecord::Base
+        normalizes :email, with: -> email { email.strip.downcase }
+        normalizes :phone, with: -> phone { phone.delete("^0-9").delete_prefix("1") }
+      end
+
+      user = User.create(email: " CRUISE-CONTROL@EXAMPLE.COM\n")
+      user.email                  # => "cruise-control@example.com"
+
+      user = User.find_by(email: "\tCRUISE-CONTROL@EXAMPLE.COM ")
+      user.email                  # => "cruise-control@example.com"
+      user.email_before_type_cast # => "cruise-control@example.com"
+
+      User.where(email: "\tCRUISE-CONTROL@EXAMPLE.COM ").count         # => 1
+      User.where(["email = ?", "\tCRUISE-CONTROL@EXAMPLE.COM "]).count # => 0
+
+      User.exists?(email: "\tCRUISE-CONTROL@EXAMPLE.COM ")         # => true
+      User.exists?(["email = ?", "\tCRUISE-CONTROL@EXAMPLE.COM "]) # => false
+
+      User.normalize_value_for(:phone, "+1 (555) 867-5309") # => "5558675309"
+      ```
+
+    *Jonathan Hefner*
+
+*   Hide changes to before_committed! callback behaviour behind flag.
+
+    In #46525, behavior around before_committed! callbacks was changed so that callbacks
+    would run on every enrolled record in a transaction, not just the first copy of a record.
+    This change in behavior is now controlled by a configuration option,
+    `config.active_record.before_committed_on_all_records`. It will be enabled by default on Rails 7.1.
+
+    *Adrianna Chang*
+
+*   The `namespaced_controller` Query Log tag now matches the `controller` format
+
+    For example, a request processed by `NameSpaced::UsersController` will now log as:
+
+    ```
+    :controller # "users"
+    :namespaced_controller # "name_spaced/users"
     ```
 
-     *Weston Ganger*
+    *Alex Ghiculescu*
 
-*   Use full precision for `updated_at` in `insert_all`/`upsert_all`
+*   Return only unique ids from ActiveRecord::Calculations#ids
 
-    `CURRENT_TIMESTAMP` provides differing precision depending on the database,
-    and not all databases support explicitly specifying additional precision.
+    Updated ActiveRecord::Calculations#ids to only return the unique ids of the base model
+    when using eager_load, preload and includes.
 
-    Instead, we delegate to the new `connection.high_precision_current_timestamp`
-    for the SQL to produce a high precision timestamp on the current database.
+    ```ruby
+    Post.find_by(id: 1).comments.count
+    # => 5
+    Post.includes(:comments).where(id: 1).pluck(:id)
+    # => [1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
+    Post.includes(:comments).where(id: 1).ids
+    # => [1]
+    ```
 
-    Fixes #42992
+    *Joshua Young*
 
-    *Sam Bostock*
+*   Stop using `LOWER()` for case-insensitive queries on `citext` columns
+
+    Previously, `LOWER()` was added for e.g. uniqueness validations with
+    `case_sensitive: false`.
+    It wasn't mentioned in the documentation that the index without `LOWER()`
+    wouldn't be used in this case.
+
+    *Phil Pirozhkov*
+
+*   Extract `#sync_timezone_changes` method in AbstractMysqlAdapter to enable subclasses
+    to sync database timezone changes without overriding `#raw_execute`.
+
+    *Adrianna Chang*, *Paarth Madan*
+
+*   Do not write additional new lines when dumping sql migration versions
+
+    This change updates the `insert_versions_sql` function so that the database insert string containing the current database migration versions does not end with two additional new lines.
+
+    *Misha Schwartz*
+
+*   Fix `composed_of` value freezing and duplication.
+
+    Previously composite values exhibited two confusing behaviors:
+
+    - When reading a compositve value it'd _NOT_ be frozen, allowing it to get out of sync with its underlying database
+      columns.
+    - When writing a compositve value the argument would be frozen, potentially confusing the caller.
+
+    Currently, composite values instantiated based on database columns are frozen (addressing the first issue) and
+    assigned compositve values are duplicated and the duplicate is frozen (addressing the second issue).
+
+    *Greg Navis*
+
+*   Fix redundant updates to the column insensitivity cache
+
+    Fixed redundant queries checking column capability for insensitive
+    comparison.
+
+    *Phil Pirozhkov*
+
+*   Allow disabling methods generated by `ActiveRecord.enum`.
 
-*   Add ssl support for postgresql database tasks
+    *Alfred Dominic*
 
-    Add `PGSSLMODE`, `PGSSLCERT`, `PGSSLKEY` and `PGSSLROOTCERT` to pg_env from database config
-    when running postgresql database tasks.
+*   Avoid validating `belongs_to` association if it has not changed.
 
-    ```yaml
-    # config/database.yml
+    Previously, when updating a record, Active Record will perform an extra query to check for the presence of
+    `belongs_to` associations (if the presence is configured to be mandatory), even if that attribute hasn't changed.
 
-    production:
-      sslmode: verify-full
-      sslcert: client.crt
-      sslkey: client.key
-      sslrootcert: ca.crt
-    ```
+    Currently, only `belongs_to`-related columns are checked for presence. It is possible to have orphaned records with
+    this approach. To avoid this problem, you need to use a foreign key.
 
-    Environment variables
+    This behavior can be controlled by configuration:
 
-    ```
-    PGSSLMODE=verify-full
-    PGSSLCERT=client.crt
-    PGSSLKEY=client.key
-    PGSSLROOTCERT=ca.crt
+    ```ruby
+    config.active_record.belongs_to_required_validates_foreign_key = false
     ```
 
-    Fixes #42994
+    and will be disabled by default with `config.load_defaults 7.1`.
 
-    *Michael Bayucot*
-
-*   Avoid scoping update callbacks in `ActiveRecord::Relation#update!`.
+    *fatkodima*
 
-    Making it consistent with how scoping is applied only to the query in `ActiveRecord::Relation#update`
-    and not also to the callbacks from the update itself.
+*   `has_one` and `belongs_to` associations now define a `reset_association` method
+    on the owner model (where `association` is the name of the association). This
+    method unloads the cached associate record, if any, and causes the next access
+    to query it from the database.
 
-    *Dylan Thacker-Smith*
+    *George Claghorn*
 
-*   Fix 2 cases that inferred polymorphic class from the association's `foreign_type`
-    using `String#constantize` instead of the model's `polymorphic_class_for`.
+*   Allow per attribute setting of YAML permitted classes (safe load) and unsafe load.
 
-    When updating a polymorphic association, the old `foreign_type` was not inferred correctly when:
-    1. `touch`ing the previously associated record
-    2. updating the previously associated record's `counter_cache`
+    *Carlos Palhares*
 
-    *Jimmy Bourassa*
+*   Add a build persistence method
 
-*   Add config option for ignoring tables when dumping the schema cache.
+    Provides a wrapper for `new`, to provide feature parity with `create`s
+    ability to create multiple records from an array of hashes, using the
+    same notation as the `build` method on associations.
 
-    Applications can now be configured to ignore certain tables when dumping the schema cache.
+    *Sean Denny*
 
-    The configuration option can table an array of tables:
+*   Raise on assignment to readonly attributes
 
     ```ruby
-    config.active_record.schema_cache_ignored_tables = ["ignored_table", "another_ignored_table"]
+    class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
+      attr_readonly :content
+    end
+    Post.create!(content: "cannot be updated")
+    post.content # "cannot be updated"
+    post.content = "something else" # => ActiveRecord::ReadonlyAttributeError
     ```
 
-    Or a regex:
+    Previously, assignment would succeed but silently not write to the database.
+
+    This behavior can be controlled by configuration:
 
     ```ruby
-    config.active_record.schema_cache_ignored_tables = [/^_/]
+    config.active_record.raise_on_assign_to_attr_readonly = true
     ```
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+    and will be enabled by default with `config.load_defaults 7.1`.
 
-*   Make schema cache methods return consistent results.
+    *Alex Ghiculescu*, *Hartley McGuire*
 
-    Previously the schema cache methods `primary_keys`, `columns`, `columns_hash`, and `indexes`
-    would behave differently than one another when a table didn't exist and differently across
-    database adapters. This change unifies the behavior so each method behaves the same regardless
-    of adapter.
+*   Allow unscoping of preload and eager_load associations
 
-    The behavior now is:
+    Added the ability to unscope preload and eager_load associations just like
+    includes, joins, etc. See ActiveRecord::QueryMethods::VALID_UNSCOPING_VALUES
+    for the full list of supported unscopable scopes.
 
-    `columns`: (unchanged) raises a db error if the table does not exist.
-    `columns_hash`: (unchanged) raises a db error if the table does not exist.
-    `primary_keys`: (unchanged) returns `nil` if the table does not exist.
-    `indexes`: (changed for mysql2) returns `[]` if the table does not exist.
+    ```ruby
+    query.unscope(:eager_load, :preload).group(:id).select(:id)
+    ```
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+    *David Morehouse*
 
-*   Reestablish connection to previous database after after running `db:schema:load:name`
+*   Add automatic filtering of encrypted attributes on inspect
 
-    After running `db:schema:load:name` the previous connection is restored.
+    This feature is enabled by default but can be disabled with
 
-    *Jacopo Beschi*
+    ```ruby
+    config.active_record.encryption.add_to_filter_parameters = false
+    ```
 
-*   Add database config option `database_tasks`
+    *Hartley McGuire*
 
-    If you would like to connect to an external database without any database
-    management tasks such as schema management, migrations, seeds, etc. you can set
-    the per database config option `database_tasks: false`
+*   Clear locking column on #dup
 
-    ```yaml
-    # config/database.yml
+    This change fixes not to duplicate locking_column like id and timestamps.
 
-    production:
-      primary:
-        database: my_database
-        adapter: mysql2
-      animals:
-        database: my_animals_database
-        adapter: mysql2
-        database_tasks: false
+    ```
+    car = Car.create!
+    car.touch
+    car.lock_version #=> 1
+    car.dup.lock_version #=> 0
     ```
 
-    *Weston Ganger*
+    *Shouichi Kamiya*, *Seonggi Yang*, *Ryohei UEDA*
 
-*   Fix `ActiveRecord::InternalMetadata` to not be broken by `config.active_record.record_timestamps = false`
+*   Invalidate transaction as early as possible
 
-    Since the model always create the timestamp columns, it has to set them, otherwise it breaks
-    various DB management tasks.
+    After rescuing a `TransactionRollbackError` exception Rails invalidates transactions earlier in the flow
+    allowing the framework to skip issuing the `ROLLBACK` statement in more cases.
+    Only affects adapters that have `savepoint_errors_invalidate_transactions?` configured as `true`,
+    which at this point is only applicable to the `mysql2` adapter.
 
-    Fixes #42983
+    *Nikita Vasilevsky*
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::QueryLogs`.
+*   Allow configuring columns list to be used in SQL queries issued by an `ActiveRecord::Base` object
 
-    Configurable tags can be automatically added to all SQL queries generated by Active Record.
+    It is now possible to configure columns list that will be used to build an SQL query clauses when
+    updating, deleting or reloading an `ActiveRecord::Base` object
 
     ```ruby
-    # config/application.rb
-    module MyApp
-      class Application < Rails::Application
-        config.active_record.query_log_tags_enabled = true
-      end
+    class Developer < ActiveRecord::Base
+      query_constraints :company_id, :id
     end
+    developer = Developer.first.update(name: "Bob")
+    # => UPDATE "developers" SET "name" = 'Bob' WHERE "developers"."company_id" = 1 AND "developers"."id" = 1
     ```
 
-    By default the application, controller and action details are added to the query tags:
+    *Nikita Vasilevsky*
 
-    ```ruby
-    class BooksController < ApplicationController
-      def index
-        @books = Book.all
-      end
-    end
-    ```
+*   Adds `validate` to foreign keys and check constraints in schema.rb
 
-    ```ruby
-    GET /books
-    # SELECT * FROM books /*application:MyApp;controller:books;action:index*/
-    ```
+    Previously, `schema.rb` would not record if `validate: false` had been used when adding a foreign key or check
+    constraint, so restoring a database from the schema could result in foreign keys or check constraints being
+    incorrectly validated.
 
-    Custom tags containing static values and Procs can be defined in the application configuration:
+    *Tommy Graves*
 
-    ```ruby
-    config.active_record.query_log_tags = [
-      :application,
-      :controller,
-      :action,
-      {
-        custom_static: "foo",
-        custom_dynamic: -> { Time.now }
-      }
-    ]
-    ```
+*   Adapter `#execute` methods now accept an `allow_retry` option. When set to `true`, the SQL statement will be
+    retried, up to the database's configured `connection_retries` value, upon encountering connection-related errors.
 
-    *Keeran Raj Hawoldar*, *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *Kasper Timm Hansen*
+    *Adrianna Chang*
 
-*   Added support for multiple databases to `rails db:setup` and `rails db:reset`.
+*   Only trigger `after_commit :destroy` callbacks when a database row is deleted.
 
-    *Ryan Hall*
+    This prevents `after_commit :destroy` callbacks from being triggered again
+    when `destroy` is called multiple times on the same record.
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Relation#structurally_compatible?`.
+    *Ben Sheldon*
 
-    Adds a query method by which a user can tell if the relation that they're
-    about to use for `#or` or `#and` is structurally compatible with the
-    receiver.
+*   Fix `ciphertext_for` for yet-to-be-encrypted values.
 
-    *Kevin Newton*
+    Previously, `ciphertext_for` returned the cleartext of values that had not
+    yet been encrypted, such as with an unpersisted record:
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::QueryMethods#in_order_of`.
+      ```ruby
+      Post.encrypts :body
 
-    This allows you to specify an explicit order that you'd like records
-    returned in based on a SQL expression. By default, this will be accomplished
-    using a case statement, as in:
+      post = Post.create!(body: "Hello")
+      post.ciphertext_for(:body)
+      # => "{\"p\":\"abc..."
 
-    ```ruby
-    Post.in_order_of(:id, [3, 5, 1])
-    ```
+      post.body = "World"
+      post.ciphertext_for(:body)
+      # => "World"
+      ```
 
-    will generate the SQL:
+    Now, `ciphertext_for` will always return the ciphertext of encrypted
+    attributes:
 
-    ```sql
-    SELECT "posts".* FROM "posts" ORDER BY CASE "posts"."id" WHEN 3 THEN 1 WHEN 5 THEN 2 WHEN 1 THEN 3 ELSE 4 END ASC
-    ```
+      ```ruby
+      Post.encrypts :body
 
-    However, because this functionality is built into MySQL in the form of the
-    `FIELD` function, that connection adapter will generate the following SQL
-    instead:
+      post = Post.create!(body: "Hello")
+      post.ciphertext_for(:body)
+      # => "{\"p\":\"abc..."
 
-    ```sql
-    SELECT "posts".* FROM "posts" ORDER BY FIELD("posts"."id", 1, 5, 3) DESC
-    ```
+      post.body = "World"
+      post.ciphertext_for(:body)
+      # => "{\"p\":\"xyz..."
+      ```
 
-    *Kevin Newton*
+    *Jonathan Hefner*
 
-*   Fix `eager_loading?` when ordering with `Symbol`.
+*   Fix a bug where using groups and counts with long table names would return incorrect results.
 
-    `eager_loading?` is triggered correctly when using `order` with symbols.
+    *Shota Toguchi*, *Yusaku Ono*
 
-    ```ruby
-    scope = Post.includes(:comments).order(:"comments.label")
-    => true
-    ```
+*   Fix encryption of column default values.
 
-    *Jacopo Beschi*
+    Previously, encrypted attributes that used column default values appeared to
+    be encrypted on create, but were not:
 
-*   Two change tracking methods are added for `belongs_to` associations.
+      ```ruby
+      Book.encrypts :name
 
-    The `association_changed?` method (assuming an association named `:association`) returns true
-    if a different associated object has been assigned and the foreign key will be updated in the
-    next save.
+      book = Book.create!
+      book.name
+      # => "<untitled>"
+      book.name_before_type_cast
+      # => "{\"p\":\"abc..."
+      book.reload.name_before_type_cast
+      # => "<untitled>"
+      ```
 
-    The `association_previously_changed?` method returns true if the previous save updated the
-    association to reference a different associated object.
+    Now, attributes with column default values are encrypted:
 
-    *George Claghorn*
+      ```ruby
+      Book.encrypts :name
 
-*   Add option to disable schema dump per-database.
+      book = Book.create!
+      book.name
+      # => "<untitled>"
+      book.name_before_type_cast
+      # => "{\"p\":\"abc..."
+      book.reload.name_before_type_cast
+      # => "{\"p\":\"abc..."
+      ```
 
-    Dumping the schema is on by default for all databases in an application. To turn it off for a
-    specific database, use the `schema_dump` option:
+    *Jonathan Hefner*
 
-    ```yaml
-    # config/database.yml
+*   Deprecate delegation from `Base` to `connection_handler`.
 
-    production:
-      schema_dump: false
-    ```
+    Calling `Base.clear_all_connections!`, `Base.clear_active_connections!`, `Base.clear_reloadable_connections!` and `Base.flush_idle_connections!` is deprecated. Please call these methods on the connection handler directly. In future Rails versions, the delegation from `Base` to the `connection_handler` will be removed.
 
-    *Luis Vasconcellos*, *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-*   Fix `eager_loading?` when ordering with `Hash` syntax.
+*   Allow ActiveRecord::QueryMethods#reselect to receive hash values, similar to ActiveRecord::QueryMethods#select
 
-    `eager_loading?` is triggered correctly when using `order` with hash syntax
-    on an outer table.
+    *Sampat Badhe*
 
-    ```ruby
-    Post.includes(:comments).order({ "comments.label": :ASC }).eager_loading?
-    # => true
-    ```
+*   Validate options when managing columns and tables in migrations.
 
-    *Jacopo Beschi*
+    If an invalid option is passed to a migration method like `create_table` and `add_column`, an error will be raised
+    instead of the option being silently ignored. Validation of the options will only be applied for new migrations
+    that are created.
 
-*   Move the forcing of clear text encoding to the `ActiveRecord::Encryption::Encryptor`.
+    *Guo Xiang Tan*, *George Wambold*
 
-    Fixes #42699.
+*   Update query log tags to use the [SQLCommenter](https://open-telemetry.github.io/opentelemetry-sqlcommenter/) format by default. See [#46179](https://github.com/rails/rails/issues/46179)
 
-    *J Smith*
+    To opt out of SQLCommenter-formatted query log tags, set `config.active_record.query_log_tags_format = :legacy`. By default, this is set to `:sqlcommenter`.
 
-*   `partial_inserts` is now disabled by default in new apps.
+    *Modulitos* and *Iheanyi*
 
-    This will be the default for new apps in Rails 7. To opt in:
+*   Allow any ERB in the database.yml when creating rake tasks.
 
-    ```ruby
-    config.active_record.partial_inserts = true
-    ```
+    Any ERB can be used in `database.yml` even if it accesses environment
+    configurations.
 
-    If a migration removes the default value of a column, this option
-    would cause old processes to no longer be able to create new records.
+    Deprecates `config.active_record.suppress_multiple_database_warning`.
 
-    If you need to remove a column, you should first use `ignored_columns`
-    to stop using it.
+    *Eike Send*
 
-    *Jean Boussier*
+*   Add table to error for duplicate column definitions.
 
-*   Rails can now verify foreign keys after loading fixtures in tests.
+    If a migration defines duplicate columns for a table, the error message
+    shows which table it concerns.
 
-    This will be the default for new apps in Rails 7. To opt in:
+    *Petrik de Heus*
 
-    ```ruby
-    config.active_record.verify_foreign_keys_for_fixtures = true
-    ```
+*   Fix erroneous nil default precision on virtual datetime columns.
 
-    Tests will not run if there is a foreign key constraint violation in your fixture data.
+    Prior to this change, virtual datetime columns did not have the same
+    default precision as regular datetime columns, resulting in the following
+    being erroneously equivalent:
 
-    The feature is supported by SQLite and PostgreSQL, other adapters can also add support for it.
+        t.virtual :name, type: datetime,                 as: "expression"
+        t.virtual :name, type: datetime, precision: nil, as: "expression"
 
-    *Alex Ghiculescu*
+    This change fixes the default precision lookup, so virtual and regular
+    datetime column default precisions match.
 
-*   Clear cached `has_one` association after setting `belongs_to` association to `nil`.
+    *Sam Bostock*
 
-    After setting a `belongs_to` relation to `nil` and updating an unrelated attribute on the owner,
-    the owner should still return `nil` on the `has_one` relation.
+*   Use connection from `#with_raw_connection` in `#quote_string`.
 
-    Fixes #42597.
+    This ensures that the string quoting is wrapped in the reconnect and retry logic
+    that `#with_raw_connection` offers.
 
-    *Michiel de Mare*
+    *Adrianna Chang*
 
-*   OpenSSL constants are now used for Digest computations.
+*   Add `expires_at` option to `signed_id`.
 
-    *Dirkjan Bussink*
+    *Shouichi Kamiya*
 
-*   Adds support for `if_not_exists` to `add_foreign_key` and `if_exists` to `remove_foreign_key`.
+*   Allow applications to set retry deadline for query retries.
 
-    Applications can set their migrations to ignore exceptions raised when adding a foreign key
-    that already exists or when removing a foreign key that does not exist.
+    Building on the work done in #44576 and #44591, we extend the logic that automatically
+    reconnects database connections to take into account a timeout limit. We won't retry
+    a query if a given amount of time has elapsed since the query was first attempted. This
+    value defaults to nil, meaning that all retryable queries are retried regardless of time elapsed,
+    but this can be changed via the `retry_deadline` option in the database config.
 
-    Example Usage:
+    *Adrianna Chang*
 
-    ```ruby
-    class AddAuthorsForeignKeyToArticles < ActiveRecord::Migration[7.0]
-      def change
-        add_foreign_key :articles, :authors, if_not_exists: true
-      end
-    end
-    ```
+*   Fix a case where the query cache can return wrong values. See #46044
 
-    ```ruby
-    class RemoveAuthorsForeignKeyFromArticles < ActiveRecord::Migration[7.0]
-      def change
-        remove_foreign_key :articles, :authors, if_exists: true
-      end
-    end
-    ```
+    *Aaron Patterson*
+
+*   Support MySQL's ssl-mode option for MySQLDatabaseTasks.
 
-    *Roberto Miranda*
+    Verifying the identity of the database server requires setting the ssl-mode
+    option to VERIFY_CA or VERIFY_IDENTITY. This option was previously ignored
+    for MySQL database tasks like creating a database and dumping the structure.
 
-*   Prevent polluting ENV during postgresql structure dump/load.
+    *Petrik de Heus*
 
-    Some configuration parameters were provided to pg_dump / psql via
-    environment variables which persisted beyond the command being run, and may
-    have caused subsequent commands and connections to fail. Tasks running
-    across multiple postgresql databases like `rails db:test:prepare` may have
-    been affected.
+*   Move `ActiveRecord::InternalMetadata` to an independent object.
 
-    *Samuel Cochran*
+    `ActiveRecord::InternalMetadata` no longer inherits from `ActiveRecord::Base` and is now an independent object that should be instantiated with a `connection`. This class is private and should not be used by applications directly. If you want to interact with the schema migrations table, please access it on the connection directly, for example: `ActiveRecord::Base.connection.schema_migration`.
 
-*   Set precision 6 by default for `datetime` columns.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    By default, datetime columns will have microseconds precision instead of seconds precision.
+*   Deprecate quoting `ActiveSupport::Duration` as an integer
 
-    *Roberto Miranda*
+    Using ActiveSupport::Duration as an interpolated bind parameter in a SQL
+    string template is deprecated. To avoid this warning, you should explicitly
+    convert the duration to a more specific database type. For example, if you
+    want to use a duration as an integer number of seconds:
+    ```
+    Record.where("duration = ?", 1.hour.to_i)
+    ```
+    If you want to use a duration as an ISO 8601 string:
+    ```
+    Record.where("duration = ?", 1.hour.iso8601)
+    ```
 
-*   Allow preloading of associations with instance dependent scopes.
+    *Aram Greenman*
 
-    *John Hawthorn*, *John Crepezzi*, *Adam Hess*, *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *Dinah Shi*
+*   Allow `QueryMethods#in_order_of` to order by a string column name.
 
-*   Do not try to rollback transactions that failed due to a `ActiveRecord::TransactionRollbackError`.
+    ```ruby
+    Post.in_order_of("id", [4,2,3,1]).to_a
+    Post.joins(:author).in_order_of("authors.name", ["Bob", "Anna", "John"]).to_a
+    ```
 
-    *Jamie McCarthy*
+    *Igor Kasyanchuk*
 
-*   Active Record Encryption will now encode values as UTF-8 when using deterministic
-    encryption. The encoding is part of the encrypted payload, so different encodings for
-    different values result in different ciphertexts. This can break unique constraints and
-    queries.
+*   Move `ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration` to an independent object.
 
-    The new behavior is configurable via `active_record.encryption.forced_encoding_for_deterministic_encryption`
-    that is `Encoding::UTF_8` by default. It can be disabled by setting it to `nil`.
+    `ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration` no longer inherits from `ActiveRecord::Base` and is now an independent object that should be instantiated with a `connection`. This class is private and should not be used by applications directly. If you want to interact with the schema migrations table, please access it on the connection directly, for example: `ActiveRecord::Base.connection.schema_migration`.
 
-    *Jorge Manrubia*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-*   The MySQL adapter now cast numbers and booleans bind parameters to string for safety reasons.
+*   Deprecate `all_connection_pools` and make `connection_pool_list` more explicit.
 
-    When comparing a string and a number in a query, MySQL converts the string to a number. So for
-    instance `"foo" = 0`, will implicitly cast `"foo"` to `0` and will evaluate to `TRUE` which can
-    lead to security vulnerabilities.
+    Following on #45924 `all_connection_pools` is now deprecated. `connection_pool_list` will either take an explicit role or applications can opt into the new behavior by passing `:all`.
 
-    Active Record already protect against that vulnerability when it knows the type of the column
-    being compared, however until now it was still vulnerable when using bind parameters:
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    ```ruby
-    User.where("login_token = ?", 0).first
-    ```
+*   Fix connection handler methods to operate on all pools.
 
-    Would perform:
+    `active_connections?`, `clear_active_connections!`, `clear_reloadable_connections!`, `clear_all_connections!`, and `flush_idle_connections!` now operate on all pools by default. Previously they would default to using the `current_role` or `:writing` role unless specified.
 
-    ```sql
-    SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE `login_token` = 0 LIMIT 1;
-    ```
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    Now it will perform:
 
-    ```sql
-    SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE `login_token` = '0' LIMIT 1;
-    ```
+*   Allow ActiveRecord::QueryMethods#select to receive hash values.
 
-    *Jean Boussier*
+    Currently, `select` might receive only raw sql and symbols to define columns and aliases to select.
 
-*   Fixture configurations (`_fixture`) are now strictly validated.
+    With this change we can provide `hash` as argument, for example:
 
-    If an error will be raised if that entry contains unknown keys while previously it
-    would silently have no effects.
+    ```ruby
+    Post.joins(:comments).select(posts: [:id, :title, :created_at], comments: [:id, :body, :author_id])
+    #=> "SELECT \"posts\".\"id\", \"posts\".\"title\", \"posts\".\"created_at\", \"comments\".\"id\", \"comments\".\"body\", \"comments\".\"author_id\"
+    #   FROM \"posts\" INNER JOIN \"comments\" ON \"comments\".\"post_id\" = \"posts\".\"id\""
 
-    *Jean Boussier*
+    Post.joins(:comments).select(posts: { id: :post_id, title: :post_title }, comments: { id: :comment_id, body: :comment_body })
+    #=> "SELECT posts.id as post_id, posts.title as post_title, comments.id as comment_id, comments.body as comment_body
+    #    FROM \"posts\" INNER JOIN \"comments\" ON \"comments\".\"post_id\" = \"posts\".\"id\""
+    ```
+    *Oleksandr Holubenko*, *Josef Šimánek*, *Jean Boussier*
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.update!` that works like `ActiveRecord::Base.update` but raises exceptions.
+*   Adapts virtual attributes on `ActiveRecord::Persistence#becomes`.
 
-    This allows for the same behavior as the instance method `#update!` at a class level.
+    When source and target classes have a different set of attributes adapts
+    attributes such that the extra attributes from target are added.
 
     ```ruby
-    Person.update!(:all, state: "confirmed")
+    class Person < ApplicationRecord
+    end
+
+    class WebUser < Person
+      attribute :is_admin, :boolean
+      after_initialize :set_admin
+
+      def set_admin
+        write_attribute(:is_admin, email =~ /@ourcompany\.com$/)
+      end
+    end
+
+    person = Person.find_by(email: "email@ourcompany.com")
+    person.respond_to? :is_admin
+    # => false
+    person.becomes(WebUser).is_admin?
+    # => true
     ```
 
-    *Dorian Marié*
+    *Jacopo Beschi*, *Sampson Crowley*
+
+*   Fix `ActiveRecord::QueryMethods#in_order_of` to include `nil`s, to match the
+    behavior of `Enumerable#in_order_of`.
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base#attributes_for_database`.
+    For example, `Post.in_order_of(:title, [nil, "foo"])` will now include posts
+    with `nil` titles, the same as `Post.all.to_a.in_order_of(:title, [nil, "foo"])`.
 
-    Returns attributes with values for assignment to the database.
+    *fatkodima*
 
-    *Chris Salzberg*
+*   Optimize `add_timestamps` to use a single SQL statement.
 
-*   Use an empty query to check if the PostgreSQL connection is still active.
+    ```ruby
+    add_timestamps :my_table
+    ```
 
-    An empty query is faster than `SELECT 1`.
+    Now results in the following SQL:
 
-    *Heinrich Lee Yu*
+    ```sql
+    ALTER TABLE "my_table" ADD COLUMN "created_at" datetime(6) NOT NULL, ADD COLUMN "updated_at" datetime(6) NOT NULL
+    ```
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base#previously_persisted?`.
+    *Iliana Hadzhiatanasova*
 
-    Returns `true` if the object has been previously persisted but now it has been deleted.
+*   Add `drop_enum` migration command for PostgreSQL
 
-*   Deprecate `partial_writes` in favor of `partial_inserts` and `partial_updates`.
+    This does the inverse of `create_enum`. Before dropping an enum, ensure you have
+    dropped columns that depend on it.
 
-    This allows to have a different behavior on update and create.
+    *Alex Ghiculescu*
 
-    *Jean Boussier*
+*   Adds support for `if_exists` option when removing a check constraint.
 
-*   Fix compatibility with `psych >= 4`.
+    The `remove_check_constraint` method now accepts an `if_exists` option. If set
+    to true an error won't be raised if the check constraint doesn't exist.
 
-    Starting in Psych 4.0.0 `YAML.load` behaves like `YAML.safe_load`. To preserve compatibility,
-    Active Record's schema cache loader and `YAMLColumn` now uses `YAML.unsafe_load` if available.
+    *Margaret Parsa* and *Aditya Bhutani*
 
-    *Jean Boussier*
+*   `find_or_create_by` now try to find a second time if it hits a unicity constraint.
 
-*   `ActiveRecord::Base.logger` is now a `class_attribute`.
+    `find_or_create_by` always has been inherently racy, either creating multiple
+    duplicate records or failing with `ActiveRecord::RecordNotUnique` depending on
+    whether a proper unicity constraint was set.
 
-    This means it can no longer be accessed directly through `@@logger`, and that setting `logger =`
-    on a subclass won't change the parent's logger.
+    `create_or_find_by` was introduced for this use case, however it's quite wasteful
+    when the record is expected to exist most of the time, as INSERT require to send
+    more data than SELECT and require more work from the database. Also on some
+    databases it can actually consume a primary key increment which is undesirable.
 
-    *Jean Boussier*
+    So for case where most of the time the record is expected to exist, `find_or_create_by`
+    can be made race-condition free by re-trying the `find` if the `create` failed
+    with `ActiveRecord::RecordNotUnique`. This assumes that the table has the proper
+    unicity constraints, if not, `find_or_create_by` will still lead to duplicated records.
 
-*   Add `.asc.nulls_first` for all databases. Unfortunately MySQL still doesn't like `nulls_last`.
+    *Jean Boussier*, *Alex Kitchens*
 
-    *Keenan Brock*
+*   Introduce a simpler constructor API for ActiveRecord database adapters.
 
-*   Improve performance of `one?` and `many?` by limiting the generated count query to 2 results.
+    Previously the adapter had to know how to build a new raw connection to
+    support reconnect, but also expected to be passed an initial already-
+    established connection.
 
-    *Gonzalo Riestra*
+    When manually creating an adapter instance, it will now accept a single
+    config hash, and only establish the real connection on demand.
 
-*   Don't check type when using `if_not_exists` on `add_column`.
+    *Matthew Draper*
 
-    Previously, if a migration called `add_column` with the `if_not_exists` option set to true
-    the `column_exists?` check would look for a column with the same name and type as the migration.
+*   Avoid redundant `SELECT 1` connection-validation query during DB pool
+    checkout when possible.
 
-    Recently it was discovered that the type passed to the migration is not always the same type
-    as the column after migration. For example a column set to `:mediumblob` in the migration will
-    be casted to `binary` when calling `column.type`. Since there is no straightforward way to cast
-    the type to the database type without running the migration, we opted to drop the type check from
-    `add_column`. This means that migrations adding a duplicate column with a different type will no
-    longer raise an error.
+    If the first query run during a request is known to be idempotent, it can be
+    used directly to validate the connection, saving a network round-trip.
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+    *Matthew Draper*
 
-*   Log a warning message when running SQLite in production.
+*   Automatically reconnect broken database connections when safe, even
+    mid-request.
 
-    Using SQLite in production ENV is generally discouraged. SQLite is also the default adapter
-    in a new Rails application.
-    For the above reasons log a warning message when running SQLite in production.
+    When an error occurs while attempting to run a known-idempotent query, and
+    not inside a transaction, it is safe to immediately reconnect to the
+    database server and try again, so this is now the default behavior.
 
-    The warning can be disabled by setting `config.active_record.sqlite3_production_warning=false`.
+    This new default should always be safe -- to support that, it's consciously
+    conservative about which queries are considered idempotent -- but if
+    necessary it can be disabled by setting the `connection_retries` connection
+    option to `0`.
 
-    *Jacopo Beschi*
+    *Matthew Draper*
 
-*   Add option to disable joins for `has_one` associations.
+*   Avoid removing a PostgreSQL extension when there are dependent objects.
 
-    In a multiple database application, associations can't join across
-    databases. When set, this option instructs Rails to generate 2 or
-    more queries rather than generating joins for `has_one` associations.
+    Previously, removing an extension also implicitly removed dependent objects. Now, this will raise an error.
 
-    Set the option on a has one through association:
+    You can force removing the extension:
 
     ```ruby
-    class Person
-      has_one :dog
-      has_one :veterinarian, through: :dog, disable_joins: true
-    end
+    disable_extension :citext, force: :cascade
     ```
 
-    Then instead of generating join SQL, two queries are used for `@person.veterinarian`:
+    Fixes #29091.
 
-    ```
-    SELECT "dogs"."id" FROM "dogs" WHERE "dogs"."person_id" = ?  [["person_id", 1]]
-    SELECT "veterinarians".* FROM "veterinarians" WHERE "veterinarians"."dog_id" = ?  [["dog_id", 1]]
-    ```
+    *fatkodima*
 
-    *Sarah Vessels*, *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+*   Allow nested functions as safe SQL string
 
-*   `Arel::Visitors::Dot` now renders a complete set of properties when visiting
-    `Arel::Nodes::SelectCore`, `SelectStatement`, `InsertStatement`, `UpdateStatement`, and
-    `DeleteStatement`, which fixes #42026. Previously, some properties were omitted.
+    *Michael Siegfried*
 
-    *Mike Dalessio*
+*   Allow `destroy_association_async_job=` to be configured with a class string instead of a constant.
 
-*   `Arel::Visitors::Dot` now supports `Arel::Nodes::Bin`, `Case`, `CurrentRow`, `Distinct`,
-    `DistinctOn`, `Else`, `Except`, `InfixOperation`, `Intersect`, `Lock`, `NotRegexp`, `Quoted`,
-    `Regexp`, `UnaryOperation`, `Union`, `UnionAll`, `When`, and `With`. Previously, these node
-    types caused an exception to be raised by `Arel::Visitors::Dot#accept`.
+    Defers an autoloading dependency between `ActiveRecord::Base` and `ActiveJob::Base`
+    and moves the configuration of `ActiveRecord::DestroyAssociationAsyncJob`
+    from ActiveJob to ActiveRecord.
 
-    *Mike Dalessio*
+    Deprecates `ActiveRecord::ActiveJobRequiredError` and now raises a `NameError`
+    if the job class is unloadable or an `ActiveRecord::ConfigurationError` if
+    `dependent: :destroy_async` is declared on an association but there is no job
+    class configured.
 
-*   Optimize `remove_columns` to use a single SQL statement.
+    *Ben Sheldon*
 
-    ```ruby
-    remove_columns :my_table, :col_one, :col_two
-    ```
+*   Fix `ActiveRecord::Store` to serialize as a regular Hash
 
-    Now results in the following SQL:
+    Previously it would serialize as an `ActiveSupport::HashWithIndifferentAccess`
+    which is wasteful and cause problem with YAML safe_load.
 
-    ```sql
-    ALTER TABLE "my_table" DROP COLUMN "col_one", DROP COLUMN "col_two"
-    ```
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-    *Jon Dufresne*
+*   Add `timestamptz` as a time zone aware type for PostgreSQL
 
-*   Ensure `has_one` autosave association callbacks get called once.
+    This is required for correctly parsing `timestamp with time zone` values in your database.
 
-    Change the `has_one` autosave callback to be non cyclic as well.
-    By doing this the autosave callback are made more consistent for
-    all 3 cases: `has_many`, `has_one`, and `belongs_to`.
+    If you don't want this, you can opt out by adding this initializer:
 
-    *Petrik de Heus*
+    ```ruby
+    ActiveRecord::Base.time_zone_aware_types -= [:timestamptz]
+    ```
 
-*   Add option to disable joins for associations.
+    *Alex Ghiculescu*
+
+*   Add new `ActiveRecord::Base.generates_token_for` API.
 
-    In a multiple database application, associations can't join across
-    databases. When set, this option instructs Rails to generate 2 or
-    more queries rather than generating joins for associations.
+    Currently, `signed_id` fulfills the role of generating tokens for e.g.
+    resetting a password.  However, signed IDs cannot reflect record state, so
+    if a token is intended to be single-use, it must be tracked in a database at
+    least until it expires.
 
-    Set the option on a has many through association:
+    With `generates_token_for`, a token can embed data from a record.  When
+    using the token to fetch the record, the data from the token and the current
+    data from the record will be compared.  If the two do not match, the token
+    will be treated as invalid, the same as if it had expired.  For example:
 
     ```ruby
-    class Dog
-      has_many :treats, through: :humans, disable_joins: true
-      has_many :humans
+    class User < ActiveRecord::Base
+      has_secure_password
+
+      generates_token_for :password_reset, expires_in: 15.minutes do
+        # A password's BCrypt salt changes when the password is updated.
+        # By embedding (part of) the salt in a token, the token will
+        # expire when the password is updated.
+        BCrypt::Password.new(password_digest).salt[-10..]
+      end
     end
-    ```
 
-    Then instead of generating join SQL, two queries are used for `@dog.treats`:
+    user = User.first
+    token = user.generate_token_for(:password_reset)
+
+    User.find_by_token_for(:password_reset, token) # => user
 
-    ```
-    SELECT "humans"."id" FROM "humans" WHERE "humans"."dog_id" = ?  [["dog_id", 1]]
-    SELECT "treats".* FROM "treats" WHERE "treats"."human_id" IN (?, ?, ?)  [["human_id", 1], ["human_id", 2], ["human_id", 3]]
+    user.update!(password: "new password")
+    User.find_by_token_for(:password_reset, token) # => nil
     ```
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *Aaron Patterson*, *Lee Quarella*
+    *Jonathan Hefner*
 
-*   Add setting for enumerating column names in SELECT statements.
+*   Optimize Active Record batching for whole table iterations.
 
-    Adding a column to a PostgreSQL database, for example, while the application is running can
-    change the result of wildcard `SELECT *` queries, which invalidates the result
-    of cached prepared statements and raises a `PreparedStatementCacheExpired` error.
+    Previously, `in_batches` got all the ids and constructed an `IN`-based query for each batch.
+    When iterating over the whole tables, this approach is not optimal as it loads unneeded ids and
+    `IN` queries with lots of items are slow.
 
-    When enabled, Active Record will avoid wildcards and always include column names
-    in `SELECT` queries, which will return consistent results and avoid prepared
-    statement errors.
+    Now, whole table iterations use range iteration (`id >= x AND id <= y`) by default which can make iteration
+    several times faster. E.g., tested on a PostgreSQL table with 10 million records: querying (`253s` vs `30s`),
+    updating (`288s` vs `124s`), deleting (`268s` vs `83s`).
 
-    Before:
+    Only whole table iterations use this style of iteration by default. You can disable this behavior by passing `use_ranges: false`.
+    If you iterate over the table and the only condition is, e.g., `archived_at: nil` (and only a tiny fraction
+    of the records are archived), it makes sense to opt in to this approach:
 
     ```ruby
-    Book.limit(5)
-    # SELECT * FROM books LIMIT 5
+    Project.where(archived_at: nil).in_batches(use_ranges: true) do |relation|
+      # do something
+    end
     ```
 
-    After:
+    See #45414 for more details.
 
-    ```ruby
-    # config/application.rb
-    module MyApp
-      class Application < Rails::Application
-        config.active_record.enumerate_columns_in_select_statements = true
-      end
-    end
+    *fatkodima*
 
-    # or, configure per-model
-    class Book < ApplicationRecord
-      self.enumerate_columns_in_select_statements = true
-    end
-    ```
+*   `.with` query method added. Construct common table expressions with ease and get `ActiveRecord::Relation` back.
 
     ```ruby
-    Book.limit(5)
-    # SELECT id, author_id, name, format, status, language, etc FROM books LIMIT 5
+    Post.with(posts_with_comments: Post.where("comments_count > ?", 0))
+    # => ActiveRecord::Relation
+    # WITH posts_with_comments AS (SELECT * FROM posts WHERE (comments_count > 0)) SELECT * FROM posts
     ```
 
-    *Matt Duszynski*
+    *Vlado Cingel*
 
-*   Allow passing SQL as `on_duplicate` value to `#upsert_all` to make it possible to use raw SQL to update columns on conflict:
+*   Don't establish a new connection if an identical pool exists already.
 
-    ```ruby
-    Book.upsert_all(
-      [{ id: 1, status: 1 }, { id: 2, status: 1 }],
-      on_duplicate: Arel.sql("status = GREATEST(books.status, EXCLUDED.status)")
-    )
-    ```
+    Previously, if `establish_connection` was called on a class that already had an established connection, the existing connection would be removed regardless of whether it was the same config. Now if a pool is found with the same values as the new connection, the existing connection will be returned instead of creating a new one.
 
-    *Vladimir Dementyev*
+    This has a slight change in behavior if application code is depending on a new connection being established regardless of whether it's identical to an existing connection. If the old behavior is desirable, applications should call `ActiveRecord::Base#remove_connection` before establishing a new one. Calling `establish_connection` with a different config works the same way as it did previously.
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-*   Allow passing SQL as `returning` statement to `#upsert_all`:
+*   Update `db:prepare` task to load schema when an uninitialized database exists, and dump schema after migrations.
+
+    *Ben Sheldon*
+
+*   Fix supporting timezone awareness for `tsrange` and `tstzrange` array columns.
 
     ```ruby
-    Article.insert_all(
-      [
-        { title: "Article 1", slug: "article-1", published: false },
-        { title: "Article 2", slug: "article-2", published: false }
-      ],
-      returning: Arel.sql("id, (xmax = '0') as inserted, name as new_name")
-    )
+    # In database migrations
+    add_column :shops, :open_hours, :tsrange, array: true
+    # In app config
+    ActiveRecord::Base.time_zone_aware_types += [:tsrange]
+    # In the code times are properly converted to app time zone
+    Shop.create!(open_hours: [Time.current..8.hour.from_now])
     ```
 
-    *Vladimir Dementyev*
+    *Wojciech Wnętrzak*
 
-*   Deprecate `legacy_connection_handling`.
+*   Introduce strategy pattern for executing migrations.
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+    By default, migrations will use a strategy object that delegates the method
+    to the connection adapter. Consumers can implement custom strategy objects
+    to change how their migrations run.
 
-*   Add attribute encryption support.
+    *Adrianna Chang*
 
-    Encrypted attributes are declared at the model level. These
-    are regular Active Record attributes backed by a column with
-    the same name. The system will transparently encrypt these
-    attributes before saving them into the database and will
-    decrypt them when retrieving their values.
+*   Add adapter option disallowing foreign keys
 
+    This adds a new option to be added to `database.yml` which enables skipping
+    foreign key constraints usage even if the underlying database supports them.
 
-    ```ruby
-    class Person < ApplicationRecord
-      encrypts :name
-      encrypts :email_address, deterministic: true
-    end
+    Usage:
+    ```yaml
+    development:
+        <<: *default
+        database: storage/development.sqlite3
+        foreign_keys: false
     ```
 
-    You can learn more in the [Active Record Encryption
-    guide](https://edgeguides.rubyonrails.org/active_record_encryption.html).
+    *Paulo Barros*
 
-    *Jorge Manrubia*
+*   Add configurable deprecation warning for singular associations
 
-*   Changed Arel predications `contains` and `overlaps` to use
-    `quoted_node` so that PostgreSQL arrays are quoted properly.
+    This adds a deprecation warning when using the plural name of a singular associations in `where`.
+    It is possible to opt into the new more performant behavior with `config.active_record.allow_deprecated_singular_associations_name = false`
 
-    *Bradley Priest*
+    *Adam Hess*
 
-*   Add mode argument to record level `strict_loading!`.
+*   Run transactional callbacks on the freshest instance to save a given
+    record within a transaction.
 
-    This argument can be used when enabling strict loading for a single record
-    to specify that we only want to raise on n plus one queries.
+    When multiple Active Record instances change the same record within a
+    transaction, Rails runs `after_commit` or `after_rollback` callbacks for
+    only one of them. `config.active_record.run_commit_callbacks_on_first_saved_instances_in_transaction`
+    was added to specify how Rails chooses which instance receives the
+    callbacks. The framework defaults were changed to use the new logic.
 
-    ```ruby
-    developer.strict_loading!(mode: :n_plus_one_only)
+    When `config.active_record.run_commit_callbacks_on_first_saved_instances_in_transaction`
+    is `true`, transactional callbacks are run on the first instance to save,
+    even though its instance state may be stale.
 
-    developer.projects.to_a # Does not raise
-    developer.projects.first.client # Raises StrictLoadingViolationError
-    ```
+    When it is `false`, which is the new framework default starting with version
+    7.1, transactional callbacks are run on the instances with the freshest
+    instance state. Those instances are chosen as follows:
 
-    Previously, enabling strict loading would cause any lazily loaded
-    association to raise an error. Using `n_plus_one_only` mode allows us to
-    lazily load belongs_to, has_many, and other associations that are fetched
-    through a single query.
+    - In general, run transactional callbacks on the last instance to save a
+      given record within the transaction.
+    - There are two exceptions:
+        - If the record is created within the transaction, then updated by
+          another instance, `after_create_commit` callbacks will be run on the
+          second instance. This is instead of the `after_update_commit`
+          callbacks that would naively be run based on that instance’s state.
+        - If the record is destroyed within the transaction, then
+          `after_destroy_commit` callbacks will be fired on the last destroyed
+          instance, even if a stale instance subsequently performed an update
+          (which will have affected 0 rows).
 
-    *Dinah Shi*
+    *Cameron Bothner and Mitch Vollebregt*
 
-*   Fix Float::INFINITY assignment to datetime column with postgresql adapter.
+*   Enable strict strings mode for `SQLite3Adapter`.
 
-    Before:
+    Configures SQLite with a strict strings mode, which disables double-quoted string literals.
 
-    ```ruby
-    # With this config
-    ActiveRecord::Base.time_zone_aware_attributes = true
+    SQLite has some quirks around double-quoted string literals.
+    It first tries to consider double-quoted strings as identifier names, but if they don't exist
+    it then considers them as string literals. Because of this, typos can silently go unnoticed.
+    For example, it is possible to create an index for a non existing column.
+    See [SQLite documentation](https://www.sqlite.org/quirks.html#double_quoted_string_literals_are_accepted) for more details.
 
-    # and the following schema:
-    create_table "postgresql_infinities" do |t|
-      t.datetime "datetime"
-    end
+    If you don't want this behavior, you can disable it via:
 
-    # This test fails
-    record = PostgresqlInfinity.create!(datetime: Float::INFINITY)
-    assert_equal Float::INFINITY, record.datetime # record.datetime gets nil
+    ```ruby
+    # config/application.rb
+    config.active_record.sqlite3_adapter_strict_strings_by_default = false
     ```
 
-    After this commit, `record.datetime` gets `Float::INFINITY` as expected.
+    Fixes #27782.
+
+    *fatkodima*, *Jean Boussier*
 
-    *Shunichi Ikegami*
+*   Resolve issue where a relation cache_version could be left stale.
 
-*   Type cast enum values by the original attribute type.
+    Previously, when `reset` was called on a relation object it did not reset the cache_versions
+    ivar. This led to a confusing situation where despite having the correct data the relation
+    still reported a stale cache_version.
 
-    The notable thing about this change is that unknown labels will no longer match 0 on MySQL.
+    Usage:
 
     ```ruby
-    class Book < ActiveRecord::Base
-      enum :status, { proposed: 0, written: 1, published: 2 }
-    end
-    ```
+    developers = Developer.all
+    developers.cache_version
 
-    Before:
+    Developer.update_all(updated_at: Time.now.utc + 1.second)
 
-    ```ruby
-    # SELECT `books`.* FROM `books` WHERE `books`.`status` = 'prohibited' LIMIT 1
-    Book.find_by(status: :prohibited)
-    # => #<Book id: 1, status: "proposed", ...> (for mysql2 adapter)
-    # => ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid: PG::InvalidTextRepresentation: ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type integer: "prohibited" (for postgresql adapter)
-    # => nil (for sqlite3 adapter)
+    developers.cache_version # Stale cache_version
+    developers.reset
+    developers.cache_version # Returns the current correct cache_version
     ```
 
-    After:
+    Fixes #45341.
+
+    *Austen Madden*
+
+*   Add support for exclusion constraints (PostgreSQL-only).
 
     ```ruby
-    # SELECT `books`.* FROM `books` WHERE `books`.`status` IS NULL LIMIT 1
-    Book.find_by(status: :prohibited)
-    # => nil (for all adapters)
+    add_exclusion_constraint :invoices, "daterange(start_date, end_date) WITH &&", using: :gist, name: "invoices_date_overlap"
+    remove_exclusion_constraint :invoices, name: "invoices_date_overlap"
     ```
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    See PostgreSQL's [`CREATE TABLE ... EXCLUDE ...`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/12/sql-createtable.html#SQL-CREATETABLE-EXCLUDE) documentation for more on exclusion constraints.
 
-*   Fixtures for `has_many :through` associations now load timestamps on join tables.
+    *Alex Robbin*
 
-    Given this fixture:
+*   `change_column_null` raises if a non-boolean argument is provided
 
-    ```yml
-    ### monkeys.yml
-    george:
-      name: George the Monkey
-      fruits: apple
+    Previously if you provided a non-boolean argument, `change_column_null` would
+    treat it as truthy and make your column nullable. This could be surprising, so now
+    the input must be either `true` or `false`.
 
-    ### fruits.yml
-    apple:
-      name: apple
+    ```ruby
+    change_column_null :table, :column, true # good
+    change_column_null :table, :column, false # good
+    change_column_null :table, :column, from: true, to: false # raises (previously this made the column nullable)
     ```
 
-    If the join table (`fruit_monkeys`) contains `created_at` or `updated_at` columns,
-    these will now be populated when loading the fixture. Previously, fixture loading
-    would crash if these columns were required, and leave them as null otherwise.
-
     *Alex Ghiculescu*
 
-*   Allow applications to configure the thread pool for async queries.
+*   Enforce limit on table names length.
 
-    Some applications may want one thread pool per database whereas others want to use
-    a single global thread pool for all queries. By default, Rails will set `async_query_executor`
-    to `nil` which will not initialize any executor. If `load_async` is called and no executor
-    has been configured, the query will be executed in the foreground.
+    Fixes #45130.
 
-    To create one thread pool for all database connections to use applications can set
-    `config.active_record.async_query_executor` to `:global_thread_pool` and optionally define
-    `config.active_record.global_executor_concurrency`. This defaults to 4. For applications that want
-    to have a thread pool for each database connection, `config.active_record.async_query_executor` can
-    be set to `:multi_thread_pool`. The configuration for each thread pool is set in the database
-    configuration.
+    *fatkodima*
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+*   Adjust the minimum MariaDB version for check constraints support.
 
-*   Allow new syntax for `enum` to avoid leading `_` from reserved options.
+    *Eddie Lebow*
 
-    Before:
+*   Fix Hstore deserialize regression.
 
-    ```ruby
-    class Book < ActiveRecord::Base
-      enum status: [ :proposed, :written ], _prefix: true, _scopes: false
-      enum cover: [ :hard, :soft ], _suffix: true, _default: :hard
-    end
-    ```
+    *edsharp*
 
-    After:
+*   Add validity for PostgreSQL indexes.
 
     ```ruby
-    class Book < ActiveRecord::Base
-      enum :status, [ :proposed, :written ], prefix: true, scopes: false
-      enum :cover, [ :hard, :soft ], suffix: true, default: :hard
-    end
+    connection.index_exists?(:users, :email, valid: true)
+    connection.indexes(:users).select(&:valid?)
     ```
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *fatkodima*
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Relation#load_async`.
+*   Fix eager loading for models without primary keys.
 
-    This method schedules the query to be performed asynchronously from a thread pool.
+    *Anmol Chopra*, *Matt Lawrence*, and *Jonathan Hefner*
 
-    If the result is accessed before a background thread had the opportunity to perform
-    the query, it will be performed in the foreground.
+*   Avoid validating a unique field if it has not changed and is backed by a unique index.
 
-    This is useful for queries that can be performed long enough before their result will be
-    needed, or for controllers which need to perform several independent queries.
+    Previously, when saving a record, Active Record will perform an extra query to check for the
+    uniqueness of each attribute having a `uniqueness` validation, even if that attribute hasn't changed.
+    If the database has the corresponding unique index, then this validation can never fail for persisted
+    records, and we could safely skip it.
 
-    ```ruby
-    def index
-      @categories = Category.some_complex_scope.load_async
-      @posts = Post.some_complex_scope.load_async
-    end
-    ```
+    *fatkodima*
 
-    Active Record logs will also include timing info for the duration of how long
-    the main thread had to wait to access the result. This timing is useful to know
-    whether or not it's worth to load the query asynchronously.
+*   Stop setting `sql_auto_is_null`
 
-    ```
-    DEBUG -- :   Category Load (62.1ms)  SELECT * FROM `categories` LIMIT 50
-    DEBUG -- :   ASYNC Post Load (64ms) (db time 126.1ms)  SELECT * FROM `posts` LIMIT 100
-    ```
+    Since version 5.5 the default has been off, we no longer have to manually turn it off.
 
-    The duration in the first set of parens is how long the main thread was blocked
-    waiting for the results, and the second set of parens with "db time" is how long
-    the entire query took to execute.
+    *Adam Hess*
 
-    *Jean Boussier*
+*   Fix `touch` to raise an error for readonly columns.
 
-*   Implemented `ActiveRecord::Relation#excluding` method.
+    *fatkodima*
 
-    This method excludes the specified record (or collection of records) from
-    the resulting relation:
+*   Add ability to ignore tables by regexp for SQL schema dumps.
 
     ```ruby
-    Post.excluding(post)
-    Post.excluding(post_one, post_two)
+    ActiveRecord::SchemaDumper.ignore_tables = [/^_/]
     ```
 
-    Also works on associations:
-
-    ```ruby
-    post.comments.excluding(comment)
-    post.comments.excluding(comment_one, comment_two)
-    ```
+    *fatkodima*
 
-    This is short-hand for `Post.where.not(id: post.id)` (for a single record)
-    and `Post.where.not(id: [post_one.id, post_two.id])` (for a collection).
+*   Avoid queries when performing calculations on contradictory relations.
 
-    *Glen Crawford*
+    Previously calculations would make a query even when passed a
+    contradiction, such as `User.where(id: []).count`. We no longer perform a
+    query in that scenario.
 
-*   Skip optimised #exist? query when #include? is called on a relation
-    with a having clause.
+    This applies to the following calculations: `count`, `sum`, `average`,
+    `minimum` and `maximum`
 
-    Relations that have aliased select values AND a having clause that
-    references an aliased select value would generate an error when
-    #include? was called, due to an optimisation that would generate
-    call #exists? on the relation instead, which effectively alters
-    the select values of the query (and thus removes the aliased select
-    values), but leaves the having clause intact. Because the having
-    clause is then referencing an aliased column that is no longer
-    present in the simplified query, an ActiveRecord::InvalidStatement
-    error was raised.
+    *Luan Vieira, John Hawthorn and Daniel Colson*
 
-    A sample query affected by this problem:
+*   Allow using aliased attributes with `insert_all`/`upsert_all`.
 
     ```ruby
-    Author.select('COUNT(*) as total_posts', 'authors.*')
-          .joins(:posts)
-          .group(:id)
-          .having('total_posts > 2')
-          .include?(Author.first)
+    class Book < ApplicationRecord
+      alias_attribute :title, :name
+    end
+
+    Book.insert_all [{ title: "Remote", author_id: 1 }], returning: :title
     ```
 
-    This change adds an addition check to the condition that skips the
-    simplified #exists? query, which simply checks for the presence of
-    a having clause.
+    *fatkodima*
 
-    Fixes #41417.
+*   Support encrypted attributes on columns with default db values.
 
-    *Michael Smart*
+    This adds support for encrypted attributes defined on columns with default values.
+    It will encrypt those values at creation time. Before, it would raise an
+    error unless `config.active_record.encryption.support_unencrypted_data` was true.
 
-*   Increment postgres prepared statement counter before making a prepared statement, so if the statement is aborted
-    without Rails knowledge (e.g., if app gets killed during long-running query or due to Rack::Timeout), app won't end
-    up in perpetual crash state for being inconsistent with PostgreSQL.
+    *Jorge Manrubia* and *Dima Fatko*
 
-    *wbharding*, *Martin Tepper*
+*   Allow overriding `reading_request?` in `DatabaseSelector::Resolver`
 
-*   Add ability to apply `scoping` to `all_queries`.
+    The default implementation checks if a request is a `get?` or `head?`,
+    but you can now change it to anything you like. If the method returns true,
+    `Resolver#read` gets called meaning the request could be served by the
+    replica database.
 
-    Some applications may want to use the `scoping` method but previously it only
-    worked on certain types of queries. This change allows the `scoping` method to apply
-    to all queries for a model in a block.
+    *Alex Ghiculescu*
 
-    ```ruby
-    Post.where(blog_id: post.blog_id).scoping(all_queries: true) do
-      post.update(title: "a post title") # adds `posts.blog_id = 1` to the query
-    end
-    ```
+*   Remove `ActiveRecord.legacy_connection_handling`.
 
     *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-*   `ActiveRecord::Calculations.calculate` called with `:average`
-    (aliased as `ActiveRecord::Calculations.average`) will now use column-based
-    type casting. This means that floating-point number columns will now be
-    aggregated as `Float` and decimal columns will be aggregated as `BigDecimal`.
+*   `rails db:schema:{dump,load}` now checks `ENV["SCHEMA_FORMAT"]` before config
 
-    Integers are handled as a special case returning `BigDecimal` always
-    (this was the case before already).
+    Since `rails db:structure:{dump,load}` was deprecated there wasn't a simple
+    way to dump a schema to both SQL and Ruby formats. You can now do this with
+    an environment variable. For example:
 
-    ```ruby
-    # With the following schema:
-    create_table "measurements" do |t|
-      t.float "temperature"
-    end
+    ```
+    SCHEMA_FORMAT=sql rake db:schema:dump
+    ```
 
-    # Before:
-    Measurement.average(:temperature).class
-    # => BigDecimal
+    *Alex Ghiculescu*
 
-    # After:
-    Measurement.average(:temperature).class
-    # => Float
-    ```
+*   Fixed MariaDB default function support.
 
-    Before this change, Rails just called `to_d` on average aggregates from the
-    database adapter. This is not the case anymore. If you relied on that kind
-    of magic, you now need to register your own `ActiveRecord::Type`
-    (see `ActiveRecord::Attributes::ClassMethods` for documentation).
+    Defaults would be written wrong in "db/schema.rb" and not work correctly
+    if using `db:schema:load`. Further more the function name would be
+    added as string content when saving new records.
 
-    *Josua Schmid*
+    *kaspernj*
 
-*   PostgreSQL: introduce `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::PostgreSQLAdapter.datetime_type`.
+*   Add `active_record.destroy_association_async_batch_size` configuration
 
-    This setting controls what native type Active Record should use when you call `datetime` in
-    a migration or schema. It takes a symbol which must correspond to one of the configured
-    `NATIVE_DATABASE_TYPES`. The default is `:timestamp`, meaning `t.datetime` in a migration
-    will create a "timestamp without time zone" column. To use "timestamp with time zone",
-    change this to `:timestamptz` in an initializer.
+    This allows applications to specify the maximum number of records that will
+    be destroyed in a single background job by the `dependent: :destroy_async`
+    association option. By default, the current behavior will remain the same:
+    when a parent record is destroyed, all dependent records will be destroyed
+    in a single background job. If the number of dependent records is greater
+    than this configuration, the records will be destroyed in multiple
+    background jobs.
 
-    You should run `bin/rails db:migrate` to rebuild your schema.rb if you change this.
+    *Nick Holden*
 
-    *Alex Ghiculescu*
+*   Fix `remove_foreign_key` with `:if_exists` option when foreign key actually exists.
+
+    *fatkodima*
+
+*   Remove `--no-comments` flag in structure dumps for PostgreSQL
 
-*   PostgreSQL: handle `timestamp with time zone` columns correctly in `schema.rb`.
+    This broke some apps that used custom schema comments. If you don't want
+    comments in your structure dump, you can use:
 
-    Previously they dumped as `t.datetime :column_name`, now they dump as `t.timestamptz :column_name`,
-    and are created as `timestamptz` columns when the schema is loaded.
+    ```ruby
+    ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.structure_dump_flags = ['--no-comments']
+    ```
 
     *Alex Ghiculescu*
 
-*   Removing trailing whitespace when matching columns in
-    `ActiveRecord::Sanitization.disallow_raw_sql!`.
+*   Reduce the memory footprint of fixtures accessors.
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*, *Adrian Hirt*
+    Until now fixtures accessors were eagerly defined using `define_method`.
+    So the memory usage was directly dependent of the number of fixtures and
+    test suites.
 
-*   Expose a way for applications to set a `primary_abstract_class`.
+    Instead fixtures accessors are now implemented with `method_missing`,
+    so they incur much less memory and CPU overhead.
 
-    Multiple database applications that use a primary abstract class that is not
-    named `ApplicationRecord` can now set a specific class to be the `primary_abstract_class`.
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-    ```ruby
-    class PrimaryApplicationRecord
-      self.primary_abstract_class
-    end
-    ```
+*   Fix `config.active_record.destroy_association_async_job` configuration
 
-    When an application boots it automatically connects to the primary or first database in the
-    database configuration file. In a multiple database application that then call `connects_to`
-    needs to know that the default connection is the same as the `ApplicationRecord` connection.
-    However, some applications have a differently named `ApplicationRecord`. This prevents Active
-    Record from opening duplicate connections to the same database.
+    `config.active_record.destroy_association_async_job` should allow
+    applications to specify the job that will be used to destroy associated
+    records in the background for `has_many` associations with the
+    `dependent: :destroy_async` option. Previously, that was ignored, which
+    meant the default `ActiveRecord::DestroyAssociationAsyncJob` always
+    destroyed records in the background.
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
+    *Nick Holden*
 
-*   Support hash config for `structure_dump_flags` and `structure_load_flags` flags.
-    Now that Active Record supports multiple databases configuration,
-    we need a way to pass specific flags for dump/load databases since
-    the options are not the same for different adapters.
-    We can use in the original way:
+*   Fix `change_column_comment` to preserve column's AUTO_INCREMENT in the MySQL adapter
 
-    ```ruby
-    ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.structure_dump_flags = ['--no-defaults', '--skip-add-drop-table']
-    # or
-    ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.structure_dump_flags = '--no-defaults --skip-add-drop-table'
-    ```
+    *fatkodima*
 
-    And also use it passing a hash, with one or more keys, where the key
-    is the adapter
+*   Fix quoting of `ActiveSupport::Duration` and `Rational` numbers in the MySQL adapter.
 
-    ```ruby
-    ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.structure_dump_flags = {
-      mysql2: ['--no-defaults', '--skip-add-drop-table'],
-      postgres: '--no-tablespaces'
-    }
-    ```
+    *Kevin McPhillips*
 
-    *Gustavo Gonzalez*
+*   Allow column name with COLLATE (e.g., title COLLATE "C") as safe SQL string
 
-*   Connection specification now passes the "url" key as a configuration for the
-    adapter if the "url" protocol is "jdbc", "http", or "https". Previously only
-    urls with the "jdbc" prefix were passed to the Active Record Adapter, others
-    are assumed to be adapter specification urls.
+    *Shugo Maeda*
 
-    Fixes #41137.
+*   Permit underscores in the VERSION argument to database rake tasks.
 
-    *Jonathan Bracy*
+    *Eddie Lebow*
 
-*   Allow to opt-out of `strict_loading` mode on a per-record base.
+*   Reversed the order of `INSERT` statements in `structure.sql` dumps
 
-    This is useful when strict loading is enabled application wide or on a
-    model level.
+    This should decrease the likelihood of merge conflicts. New migrations
+    will now be added at the top of the list.
 
-    ```ruby
-    class User < ApplicationRecord
-      has_many :bookmarks
-      has_many :articles, strict_loading: true
-    end
+    For existing apps, there will be a large diff the next time `structure.sql`
+    is generated.
 
-    user = User.first
-    user.articles                        # => ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError
-    user.bookmarks                       # => #<ActiveRecord::Associations::CollectionProxy>
+    *Alex Ghiculescu*, *Matt Larraz*
 
-    user.strict_loading!(true)           # => true
-    user.bookmarks                       # => ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError
+*   Fix PG.connect keyword arguments deprecation warning on ruby 2.7
 
-    user.strict_loading!(false)          # => false
-    user.bookmarks                       # => #<ActiveRecord::Associations::CollectionProxy>
-    user.articles.strict_loading!(false) # => #<ActiveRecord::Associations::CollectionProxy>
-    ```
+    Fixes #44307.
 
-    *Ayrton De Craene*
+    *Nikita Vasilevsky*
 
-*   Add `FinderMethods#sole` and `#find_sole_by` to find and assert the
-    presence of exactly one record.
+*   Fix dropping DB connections after serialization failures and deadlocks.
 
-    Used when you need a single row, but also want to assert that there aren't
-    multiple rows matching the condition; especially for when database
-    constraints aren't enough or are impractical.
+    Prior to 6.1.4, serialization failures and deadlocks caused rollbacks to be
+    issued for both real transactions and savepoints. This breaks MySQL which
+    disallows rollbacks of savepoints following a deadlock.
 
-    ```ruby
-    Product.where(["price = %?", price]).sole
-    # => ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound      (if no Product with given price)
-    # => #<Product ...>                    (if one Product with given price)
-    # => ActiveRecord::SoleRecordExceeded  (if more than one Product with given price)
+    6.1.4 removed these rollbacks, for both transactions and savepoints, causing
+    the DB connection to be left in an unknown state and thus discarded.
 
-    user.api_keys.find_sole_by(key: key)
-    # as above
-    ```
+    These rollbacks are now restored, except for savepoints on MySQL.
 
-    *Asherah Connor*
+    *Thomas Morgan*
 
-*   Makes `ActiveRecord::AttributeMethods::Query` respect the getter overrides defined in the model.
+*   Make `ActiveRecord::ConnectionPool` Fiber-safe
 
-    Before:
+    When `ActiveSupport::IsolatedExecutionState.isolation_level` is set to `:fiber`,
+    the connection pool now supports multiple Fibers from the same Thread checking
+    out connections from the pool.
+
+    *Alex Matchneer*
+
+*   Add `update_attribute!` to `ActiveRecord::Persistence`
+
+    Similar to `update_attribute`, but raises `ActiveRecord::RecordNotSaved` when a `before_*` callback throws `:abort`.
 
     ```ruby
-    class User
-      def admin
-        false # Overriding the getter to always return false
+    class Topic < ActiveRecord::Base
+      before_save :check_title
+
+      def check_title
+        throw(:abort) if title == "abort"
       end
     end
 
-    user = User.first
-    user.update(admin: true)
-
-    user.admin # false (as expected, due to the getter overwrite)
-    user.admin? # true (not expected, returned the DB column value)
+    topic = Topic.create(title: "Test Title")
+    # #=> #<Topic title: "Test Title">
+    topic.update_attribute!(:title, "Another Title")
+    # #=> #<Topic title: "Another Title">
+    topic.update_attribute!(:title, "abort")
+    # raises ActiveRecord::RecordNotSaved
     ```
 
-    After this commit, `user.admin?` above returns false, as expected.
+    *Drew Tempelmeyer*
 
-    Fixes #40771.
+*   Avoid loading every record in `ActiveRecord::Relation#pretty_print`
 
-    *Felipe*
+    ```ruby
+    # Before
+    pp Foo.all # Loads the whole table.
 
-*   Allow delegated_type to be specified primary_key and foreign_key.
+    # After
+    pp Foo.all # Shows 10 items and an ellipsis.
+    ```
 
-    Since delegated_type assumes that the foreign_key ends with `_id`,
-    `singular_id` defined by it does not work when the foreign_key does
-    not end with `id`. This change fixes it by taking into account
-    `primary_key` and `foreign_key` in the options.
+    *Ulysse Buonomo*
 
-    *Ryota Egusa*
+*   Change `QueryMethods#in_order_of` to drop records not listed in values.
 
-*   Expose an `invert_where` method that will invert all scope conditions.
+    `in_order_of` now filters down to the values provided, to match the behavior of the `Enumerable` version.
 
-    ```ruby
-    class User
-      scope :active, -> { where(accepted: true, locked: false) }
-    end
+    *Kevin Newton*
 
-    User.active
-    # ... WHERE `accepted` = 1 AND `locked` = 0
+*   Allow named expression indexes to be revertible.
 
-    User.active.invert_where
-    # ... WHERE NOT (`accepted` = 1 AND `locked` = 0)
+    Previously, the following code would raise an error in a reversible migration executed while rolling back, due to the index name not being used in the index removal.
+
+    ```ruby
+    add_index(:settings, "(data->'property')", using: :gin, name: :index_settings_data_property)
     ```
 
-    *Kevin Deisz*
+    Fixes #43331.
 
-*   Restore possibility of passing `false` to :polymorphic option of `belongs_to`.
+    *Oliver Günther*
 
-    Previously, passing `false` would trigger the option validation logic
-    to throw an error saying :polymorphic would not be a valid option.
+*   Fix incorrect argument in PostgreSQL structure dump tasks.
 
-    *glaszig*
+    Updating the `--no-comment` argument added in Rails 7 to the correct `--no-comments` argument.
 
-*   Remove deprecated `database` kwarg from `connected_to`.
+    *Alex Dent*
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
+*   Fix migration compatibility to create SQLite references/belongs_to column as integer when migration version is 6.0.
 
-*   Allow adding nonnamed expression indexes to be revertible.
+    Reference/belongs_to in migrations with version 6.0 were creating columns as
+    bigint instead of integer for the SQLite Adapter.
 
-    Previously, the following code would raise an error, when executed while rolling back,
-    and the index name should be specified explicitly. Now, the index name is inferred
-    automatically.
+    *Marcelo Lauxen*
+
+*   Fix `QueryMethods#in_order_of` to handle empty order list.
 
     ```ruby
-    add_index(:items, "to_tsvector('english', description)")
+    Post.in_order_of(:id, []).to_a
     ```
 
-    Fixes #40732.
-
-    *fatkodima*
-
-*   Only warn about negative enums if a positive form that would cause conflicts exists.
-
-    Fixes #39065.
-
-    *Alex Ghiculescu*
+    Also more explicitly set the column as secondary order, so that any other
+    value is still ordered.
 
-*   Add option to run `default_scope` on all queries.
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-    Previously, a `default_scope` would only run on select or insert queries. In some cases, like non-Rails tenant sharding solutions, it may be desirable to run `default_scope` on all queries in order to ensure queries are including a foreign key for the shard (i.e. `blog_id`).
+*   Fix quoting of column aliases generated by calculation methods.
 
-    Now applications can add an option to run on all queries including select, insert, delete, and update by adding an `all_queries` option to the default scope definition.
+    Since the alias is derived from the table name, we can't assume the result
+    is a valid identifier.
 
     ```ruby
-    class Article < ApplicationRecord
-      default_scope -> { where(blog_id: Current.blog.id) }, all_queries: true
+    class Test < ActiveRecord::Base
+      self.table_name = '1abc'
     end
+    Test.group(:id).count
+    # syntax error at or near "1" (ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid)
+    # LINE 1: SELECT COUNT(*) AS count_all, "1abc"."id" AS 1abc_id FROM "1...
     ```
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-*   Add `where.associated` to check for the presence of an association.
+*   Add `authenticate_by` when using `has_secure_password`.
 
-    ```ruby
-    # Before:
-    account.users.joins(:contact).where.not(contact_id: nil)
+    `authenticate_by` is intended to replace code like the following, which
+    returns early when a user with a matching email is not found:
 
-    # After:
-    account.users.where.associated(:contact)
+    ```ruby
+    User.find_by(email: "...")&.authenticate("...")
     ```
 
-    Also mirrors `where.missing`.
+    Such code is vulnerable to timing-based enumeration attacks, wherein an
+    attacker can determine if a user account with a given email exists. After
+    confirming that an account exists, the attacker can try passwords associated
+    with that email address from other leaked databases, in case the user
+    re-used a password across multiple sites (a common practice). Additionally,
+    knowing an account email address allows the attacker to attempt a targeted
+    phishing ("spear phishing") attack.
 
-    *Kasper Timm Hansen*
+    `authenticate_by` addresses the vulnerability by taking the same amount of
+    time regardless of whether a user with a matching email is found:
 
-*   Allow constructors (`build_association` and `create_association`) on
-    `has_one :through` associations.
+    ```ruby
+    User.authenticate_by(email: "...", password: "...")
+    ```
 
-    *Santiago Perez Perret*
+    *Jonathan Hefner*
 
 
-Please check [6-1-stable](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/6-1-stable/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md) for previous changes.
+Please check [7-0-stable](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/7-0-stable/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md) for previous changes.