activerecord 6.1.7 → 7.2.2

data/lib/active_record/associations/preloader/batch.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  module Associations
+    class Preloader
+      class Batch # :nodoc:
+        def initialize(preloaders, available_records:)
+          @preloaders = preloaders.reject(&:empty?)
+          @available_records = available_records.flatten.group_by { |r| r.class.base_class }
+        end
+
+        def call
+          branches = @preloaders.flat_map(&:branches)
+          until branches.empty?
+            loaders = branches.flat_map(&:runnable_loaders)
+
+            loaders.each { |loader| loader.associate_records_from_unscoped(@available_records[loader.klass.base_class]) }
+
+            if loaders.any?
+              future_tables = branches.flat_map do |branch|
+                branch.future_classes - branch.runnable_loaders.map(&:klass)
+              end.map(&:table_name).uniq
+
+              target_loaders = loaders.reject { |l| future_tables.include?(l.table_name)  }
+              target_loaders = loaders if target_loaders.empty?
+
+              group_and_load_similar(target_loaders)
+              target_loaders.each(&:run)
+            end
+
+            finished, in_progress = branches.partition(&:done?)
+
+            branches = in_progress + finished.flat_map(&:children)
+          end
+        end
+
+        private
+          attr_reader :loaders
+
+          def group_and_load_similar(loaders)
+            loaders.grep_v(ThroughAssociation).group_by(&:loader_query).each_pair do |query, similar_loaders|
+              query.load_records_in_batch(similar_loaders)
+            end
+          end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_record/associations/preloader/branch.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  module Associations
+    class Preloader
+      class Branch # :nodoc:
+        attr_reader :association, :children, :parent
+        attr_reader :scope, :associate_by_default
+        attr_writer :preloaded_records
+
+        def initialize(association:, children:, parent:, associate_by_default:, scope:)
+          @association = if association
+            begin
+              @association = association.to_sym
+            rescue NoMethodError
+              raise ArgumentError, "Association names must be Symbol or String, got: #{association.class.name}"
+            end
+          end
+          @parent = parent
+          @scope = scope
+          @associate_by_default = associate_by_default
+
+          @children = build_children(children)
+          @loaders = nil
+        end
+
+        def future_classes
+          (immediate_future_classes + children.flat_map(&:future_classes)).uniq
+        end
+
+        def immediate_future_classes
+          if parent.done?
+            loaders.flat_map(&:future_classes).uniq
+          else
+            likely_reflections.reject(&:polymorphic?).flat_map do |reflection|
+              reflection.
+                chain.
+                map(&:klass)
+            end.uniq
+          end
+        end
+
+        def target_classes
+          if done?
+            preloaded_records.map(&:klass).uniq
+          elsif parent.done?
+            loaders.map(&:klass).uniq
+          else
+            likely_reflections.reject(&:polymorphic?).map(&:klass).uniq
+          end
+        end
+
+        def likely_reflections
+          parent_classes = parent.target_classes
+          parent_classes.filter_map do |parent_klass|
+            parent_klass._reflect_on_association(@association)
+          end
+        end
+
+        def root?
+          parent.nil?
+        end
+
+        def source_records
+          @parent.preloaded_records
+        end
+
+        def preloaded_records
+          @preloaded_records ||= loaders.flat_map(&:preloaded_records)
+        end
+
+        def done?
+          root? || (@loaders && @loaders.all?(&:run?))
+        end
+
+        def runnable_loaders
+          loaders.flat_map(&:runnable_loaders).reject(&:run?)
+        end
+
+        def grouped_records
+          h = {}
+          polymorphic_parent = !root? && parent.polymorphic?
+          source_records.each do |record|
+            reflection = record.class._reflect_on_association(association)
+            next if polymorphic_parent && !reflection || !record.association(association).klass
+            (h[reflection] ||= []) << record
+          end
+          h
+        end
+
+        def preloaders_for_reflection(reflection, reflection_records)
+          reflection_records.group_by do |record|
+            klass = record.association(association).klass
+
+            if reflection.scope && reflection.scope.arity != 0
+              # For instance dependent scopes, the scope is potentially
+              # different for each record. To allow this we'll group each
+              # object separately into its own preloader
+              reflection_scope = reflection.join_scopes(klass.arel_table, klass.predicate_builder, klass, record).inject(&:merge!)
+            end
+
+            [klass, reflection_scope]
+          end.map do |(rhs_klass, reflection_scope), rs|
+            preloader_for(reflection).new(rhs_klass, rs, reflection, scope, reflection_scope, associate_by_default)
+          end
+        end
+
+        def polymorphic?
+          return false if root?
+          return @polymorphic if defined?(@polymorphic)
+
+          @polymorphic = source_records.any? do |record|
+            reflection = record.class._reflect_on_association(association)
+            reflection && reflection.options[:polymorphic]
+          end
+        end
+
+        def loaders
+          @loaders ||=
+            grouped_records.flat_map do |reflection, reflection_records|
+              preloaders_for_reflection(reflection, reflection_records)
+            end
+        end
+
+        private
+          def build_children(children)
+            Array.wrap(children).flat_map { |association|
+              Array(association).flat_map { |parent, child|
+                Branch.new(
+                  parent: self,
+                  association: parent,
+                  children: child,
+                  associate_by_default: associate_by_default,
+                  scope: scope
+                )
+              }
+            }
+          end
+
+          # Returns a class containing the logic needed to load preload the data
+          # and attach it to a relation. The class returned implements a `run` method
+          # that accepts a preloader.
+          def preloader_for(reflection)
+            if reflection.options[:through]
+              ThroughAssociation
+            else
+              Association
+            end
+          end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_record/associations/preloader/through_association.rb

@@ -4,26 +4,20 @@ module ActiveRecord
   module Associations
     class Preloader
       class ThroughAssociation < Association # :nodoc:
-        PRELOADER = ActiveRecord::Associations::Preloader.new(associate_by_default: false)
-
-        def initialize(*)
-          super
-          @already_loaded = owners.first.association(through_reflection.name).loaded?
-        end
-
         def preloaded_records
           @preloaded_records ||= source_preloaders.flat_map(&:preloaded_records)
         end
 
         def records_by_owner
-          return @records_by_owner if defined?(@records_by_owner)
-          source_records_by_owner = source_preloaders.map(&:records_by_owner).reduce(:merge)
-          through_records_by_owner = through_preloaders.map(&:records_by_owner).reduce(:merge)
+          @records_by_owner ||= owners.each_with_object({}) do |owner, result|
+            if loaded?(owner)
+              result[owner] = target_for(owner)
+              next
+            end
 
-          @records_by_owner = owners.each_with_object({}) do |owner, result|
             through_records = through_records_by_owner[owner] || []
 
-            if @already_loaded
+            if owners.first.association(through_reflection.name).loaded?
               if source_type = reflection.options[:source_type]
                 through_records = through_records.select do |record|
                   record[reflection.foreign_type] == source_type
@@ -42,17 +36,47 @@ module ActiveRecord
           end
         end
 
+        def runnable_loaders
+          if data_available?
+            [self]
+          elsif through_preloaders.all?(&:run?)
+            source_preloaders.flat_map(&:runnable_loaders)
+          else
+            through_preloaders.flat_map(&:runnable_loaders)
+          end
+        end
+
+        def future_classes
+          if run?
+            []
+          elsif through_preloaders.all?(&:run?)
+            source_preloaders.flat_map(&:future_classes).uniq
+          else
+            through_classes = through_preloaders.flat_map(&:future_classes)
+            source_classes = source_reflection.
+              chain.
+              reject { |reflection| reflection.respond_to?(:polymorphic?) && reflection.polymorphic? }.
+              map(&:klass)
+            (through_classes + source_classes).uniq
+          end
+        end
+
         private
+          def data_available?
+            owners.all? { |owner| loaded?(owner) } ||
+              through_preloaders.all?(&:run?) && source_preloaders.all?(&:run?)
+          end
+
           def source_preloaders
-            @source_preloaders ||= PRELOADER.preload(middle_records, source_reflection.name, scope)
+            @source_preloaders ||= ActiveRecord::Associations::Preloader.new(records: middle_records, associations: source_reflection.name, scope: scope, associate_by_default: false).loaders
           end
 
           def middle_records
-            through_preloaders.flat_map(&:preloaded_records)
+            through_records_by_owner.values.flatten
           end
 
           def through_preloaders
-            @through_preloaders ||= PRELOADER.preload(owners, through_reflection.name, through_scope)
+            @through_preloaders ||= ActiveRecord::Associations::Preloader.new(records: owners, associations: through_reflection.name, scope: through_scope, associate_by_default: false).loaders
           end
 
           def through_reflection
@@ -63,6 +87,14 @@ module ActiveRecord
             reflection.source_reflection
           end
 
+          def source_records_by_owner
+            @source_records_by_owner ||= source_preloaders.map(&:records_by_owner).reduce(:merge)
+          end
+
+          def through_records_by_owner
+            @through_records_by_owner ||= through_preloaders.map(&:records_by_owner).reduce(:merge)
+          end
+
           def preload_index
             @preload_index ||= preloaded_records.each_with_object({}).with_index do |(record, result), index|
               result[record] = index
@@ -73,6 +105,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
             scope = through_reflection.klass.unscoped
             options = reflection.options
 
+            return scope if options[:disable_joins]
+
             values = reflection_scope.values
             if annotations = values[:annotate]
               scope.annotate!(*annotations)
@@ -108,7 +142,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
               end
             end
 
-            scope
+            cascade_strict_loading(scope)
           end
       end
     end

data/lib/active_record/associations/preloader.rb

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ require "active_support/core_ext/enumerable"
 
 module ActiveRecord
   module Associations
+    # = Active Record \Preloader
+    #
     # Implements the details of eager loading of Active Record associations.
     #
     # Suppose that you have the following two Active Record models:
@@ -22,8 +24,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
     #
     #   Author.includes(:books).where(name: ['bell hooks', 'Homer']).to_a
     #
-    #   => SELECT `authors`.* FROM `authors` WHERE `name` IN ('bell hooks', 'Homer')
-    #   => SELECT `books`.* FROM `books` WHERE `author_id` IN (2, 5)
+    #   # SELECT `authors`.* FROM `authors` WHERE `name` IN ('bell hooks', 'Homer')
+    #   # SELECT `books`.* FROM `books` WHERE `author_id` IN (2, 5)
     #
     # Active Record saves the ids of the records from the first query to use in
     # the second. Depending on the number of associations involved there can be
@@ -33,23 +35,26 @@ module ActiveRecord
     # Record will fall back to a slightly more resource-intensive single query:
     #
     #   Author.includes(:books).where(books: {title: 'Illiad'}).to_a
-    #   => SELECT `authors`.`id` AS t0_r0, `authors`.`name` AS t0_r1, `authors`.`age` AS t0_r2,
-    #             `books`.`id`   AS t1_r0, `books`.`title`  AS t1_r1, `books`.`sales` AS t1_r2
-    #      FROM `authors`
-    #      LEFT OUTER JOIN `books` ON `authors`.`id` =  `books`.`author_id`
-    #      WHERE `books`.`title` = 'Illiad'
+    #   # SELECT `authors`.`id` AS t0_r0, `authors`.`name` AS t0_r1, `authors`.`age` AS t0_r2,
+    #   #        `books`.`id`   AS t1_r0, `books`.`title`  AS t1_r1, `books`.`sales` AS t1_r2
+    #   # FROM `authors`
+    #   # LEFT OUTER JOIN `books` ON `authors`.`id` =  `books`.`author_id`
+    #   # WHERE `books`.`title` = 'Illiad'
     #
     # This could result in many rows that contain redundant data and it performs poorly at scale
     # and is therefore only used when necessary.
-    #
-    class Preloader #:nodoc:
+    class Preloader # :nodoc:
       extend ActiveSupport::Autoload
 
       eager_autoload do
         autoload :Association,        "active_record/associations/preloader/association"
+        autoload :Batch,              "active_record/associations/preloader/batch"
+        autoload :Branch,             "active_record/associations/preloader/branch"
         autoload :ThroughAssociation, "active_record/associations/preloader/through_association"
       end
 
+      attr_reader :records, :associations, :scope, :associate_by_default
+
       # Eager loads the named associations for the given Active Record record(s).
       #
       # In this description, 'association name' shall refer to the name passed
@@ -70,137 +75,61 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #   for an Author.
       # - an Array which specifies multiple association names. This array
       #   is processed recursively. For example, specifying <tt>[:avatar, :books]</tt>
-      #   allows this method to preload an author's avatar as well as all of his
+      #   allows this method to preload an author's avatar as well as all of their
       #   books.
       # - a Hash which specifies multiple association names, as well as
       #   association names for the to-be-preloaded association objects. For
       #   example, specifying <tt>{ author: :avatar }</tt> will preload a
       #   book's author, as well as that author's avatar.
       #
-      # +:associations+ has the same format as the +:include+ option for
-      # <tt>ActiveRecord::Base.find</tt>. So +associations+ could look like this:
+      # +:associations+ has the same format as the arguments to
+      # ActiveRecord::QueryMethods#includes. So +associations+ could look like
+      # this:
       #
       #   :books
       #   [ :books, :author ]
       #   { author: :avatar }
       #   [ :books, { author: :avatar } ]
-      def preload(records, associations, preload_scope = nil)
-        records = Array.wrap(records).compact
+      #
+      # +available_records+ is an array of ActiveRecord::Base. The Preloader
+      # will try to use the objects in this array to preload the requested
+      # associations before querying the database. This can save database
+      # queries by reusing in-memory objects. The optimization is only applied
+      # to single associations (i.e. :belongs_to, :has_one) with no scopes.
+      def initialize(records:, associations:, scope: nil, available_records: [], associate_by_default: true)
+        @records = records
+        @associations = associations
+        @scope = scope
+        @available_records = available_records || []
+        @associate_by_default = associate_by_default
 
-        if records.empty?
-          []
-        else
-          Array.wrap(associations).flat_map { |association|
-            preloaders_on association, records, preload_scope
-          }
-        end
+        @tree = Branch.new(
+          parent: nil,
+          association: nil,
+          children: @associations,
+          associate_by_default: @associate_by_default,
+          scope: @scope
+        )
+        @tree.preloaded_records = @records
       end
 
-      def initialize(associate_by_default: true)
-        @associate_by_default = associate_by_default
+      def empty?
+        associations.nil? || records.length == 0
       end
 
-      private
-        # Loads all the given data into +records+ for the +association+.
-        def preloaders_on(association, records, scope, polymorphic_parent = false)
-          case association
-          when Hash
-            preloaders_for_hash(association, records, scope, polymorphic_parent)
-          when Symbol, String
-            preloaders_for_one(association, records, scope, polymorphic_parent)
-          else
-            raise ArgumentError, "#{association.inspect} was not recognized for preload"
-          end
-        end
-
-        def preloaders_for_hash(association, records, scope, polymorphic_parent)
-          association.flat_map { |parent, child|
-            grouped_records(parent, records, polymorphic_parent).flat_map do |reflection, reflection_records|
-              loaders = preloaders_for_reflection(reflection, reflection_records, scope)
-              recs = loaders.flat_map(&:preloaded_records).uniq
-              child_polymorphic_parent = reflection && reflection.options[:polymorphic]
-              loaders.concat Array.wrap(child).flat_map { |assoc|
-                preloaders_on assoc, recs, scope, child_polymorphic_parent
-              }
-              loaders
-            end
-          }
-        end
-
-        # Loads all the given data into +records+ for a singular +association+.
-        #
-        # Functions by instantiating a preloader class such as Preloader::Association and
-        # call the +run+ method for each passed in class in the +records+ argument.
-        #
-        # Not all records have the same class, so group then preload group on the reflection
-        # itself so that if various subclass share the same association then we do not split
-        # them unnecessarily
-        #
-        # Additionally, polymorphic belongs_to associations can have multiple associated
-        # classes, depending on the polymorphic_type field. So we group by the classes as
-        # well.
-        def preloaders_for_one(association, records, scope, polymorphic_parent)
-          grouped_records(association, records, polymorphic_parent)
-            .flat_map do |reflection, reflection_records|
-              preloaders_for_reflection reflection, reflection_records, scope
-            end
-        end
-
-        def preloaders_for_reflection(reflection, records, scope)
-          records.group_by { |record| record.association(reflection.name).klass }.map do |rhs_klass, rs|
-            preloader_for(reflection, rs).new(rhs_klass, rs, reflection, scope, @associate_by_default).run
-          end
-        end
+      def call
+        Batch.new([self], available_records: @available_records).call
 
-        def grouped_records(association, records, polymorphic_parent)
-          h = {}
-          records.each do |record|
-            reflection = record.class._reflect_on_association(association)
-            next if polymorphic_parent && !reflection || !record.association(association).klass
-            (h[reflection] ||= []) << record
-          end
-          h
-        end
-
-        class AlreadyLoaded # :nodoc:
-          def initialize(klass, owners, reflection, preload_scope, associate_by_default = true)
-            @owners = owners
-            @reflection = reflection
-          end
-
-          def run
-            self
-          end
-
-          def preloaded_records
-            @preloaded_records ||= records_by_owner.flat_map(&:last)
-          end
-
-          def records_by_owner
-            @records_by_owner ||= owners.index_with do |owner|
-              Array(owner.association(reflection.name).target)
-            end
-          end
-
-          private
-            attr_reader :owners, :reflection
-        end
+        loaders
+      end
 
-        # Returns a class containing the logic needed to load preload the data
-        # and attach it to a relation. The class returned implements a `run` method
-        # that accepts a preloader.
-        def preloader_for(reflection, owners)
-          if owners.all? { |o| o.association(reflection.name).loaded? }
-            return AlreadyLoaded
-          end
-          reflection.check_preloadable!
+      def branches
+        @tree.children
+      end
 
-          if reflection.options[:through]
-            ThroughAssociation
-          else
-            Association
-          end
-        end
+      def loaders
+        branches.flat_map(&:loaders)
+      end
     end
   end
 end

data/lib/active_record/associations/singular_association.rb

@@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
 
 module ActiveRecord
   module Associations
-    class SingularAssociation < Association #:nodoc:
+    class SingularAssociation < Association # :nodoc:
       # Implements the reader method, e.g. foo.bar for Foo.has_one :bar
       def reader
+        ensure_klass_exists!
+
         if !loaded? || stale_target?
           reload
         end
@@ -12,6 +14,12 @@ module ActiveRecord
         target
       end
 
+      # Resets the \loaded flag to +false+ and sets the \target to +nil+.
+      def reset
+        super
+        @target = nil
+      end
+
       # Implements the writer method, e.g. foo.bar= for Foo.belongs_to :bar
       def writer(record)
         replace(record)
@@ -32,11 +40,15 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
       private
         def scope_for_create
-          super.except!(klass.primary_key)
+          super.except!(*Array(klass.primary_key))
         end
 
         def find_target
-          super.first
+          if disable_joins
+            scope.first
+          else
+            super.first
+          end
         end
 
         def replace(record)

data/lib/active_record/associations/through_association.rb

@@ -3,10 +3,14 @@
 module ActiveRecord
   module Associations
     # = Active Record Through Association
-    module ThroughAssociation #:nodoc:
+    module ThroughAssociation # :nodoc:
       delegate :source_reflection, to: :reflection
 
       private
+        def transaction(&block)
+          through_reflection.klass.transaction(&block)
+        end
+
         def through_reflection
           @through_reflection ||= begin
             refl = reflection.through_reflection
@@ -55,12 +59,11 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
           association_primary_key = source_reflection.association_primary_key(reflection.klass)
 
-          if association_primary_key == reflection.klass.primary_key && !options[:source_type]
+          if Array(association_primary_key) == reflection.klass.composite_query_constraints_list && !options[:source_type]
             join_attributes = { source_reflection.name => records }
           else
-            join_attributes = {
-              source_reflection.foreign_key => records.map(&association_primary_key.to_sym)
-            }
+            assoc_pk_values = records.map { |record| record._read_attribute(association_primary_key) }
+            join_attributes = { source_reflection.foreign_key => assoc_pk_values }
           end
 
           if options[:source_type]
@@ -74,16 +77,20 @@ module ActiveRecord
           end
         end
 
-        # Note: this does not capture all cases, for example it would be crazy to try to
-        # properly support stale-checking for nested associations.
+        # Note: this does not capture all cases, for example it would be impractical
+        # to try to properly support stale-checking for nested associations.
         def stale_state
           if through_reflection.belongs_to?
-            owner[through_reflection.foreign_key] && owner[through_reflection.foreign_key].to_s
+            Array(through_reflection.foreign_key).filter_map do |foreign_key_column|
+              owner[foreign_key_column]
+            end.presence
           end
         end
 
         def foreign_key_present?
-          through_reflection.belongs_to? && !owner[through_reflection.foreign_key].nil?
+          through_reflection.belongs_to? && Array(through_reflection.foreign_key).all? do |foreign_key_column|
+            !owner[foreign_key_column].nil?
+          end
         end
 
         def ensure_mutable
@@ -107,11 +114,15 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
 
         def build_record(attributes)
-          inverse = source_reflection.inverse_of
-          target = through_association.target
-
-          if inverse && target && !target.is_a?(Array)
-            attributes[inverse.foreign_key] = target.id
+          if source_reflection.collection?
+            inverse = source_reflection.inverse_of
+            target = through_association.target
+
+            if inverse && target && !target.is_a?(Array)
+              Array(target.id).zip(Array(inverse.foreign_key)).map do |primary_key_value, foreign_key_column|
+                attributes[foreign_key_column] = primary_key_value
+              end
+            end
           end
 
           super