activerecord 6.0.6 → 6.1.0

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-require "active_record/migration/join_table"
 require "active_support/core_ext/string/access"
-require "active_support/deprecation"
 require "digest/sha2"
 
 module ActiveRecord
@@ -98,10 +96,14 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #   # Check an index with a custom name exists
       #   index_exists?(:suppliers, :company_id, name: "idx_company_id")
       #
-      def index_exists?(table_name, column_name, options = {})
-        column_names = Array(column_name).map(&:to_s)
+      def index_exists?(table_name, column_name, **options)
         checks = []
-        checks << lambda { |i| Array(i.columns) == column_names }
+
+        if column_name.present?
+          column_names = Array(column_name).map(&:to_s)
+          checks << lambda { |i| Array(i.columns) == column_names }
+        end
+
         checks << lambda { |i| i.unique } if options[:unique]
         checks << lambda { |i| i.name == options[:name].to_s } if options[:name]
 
@@ -291,37 +293,42 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #     SELECT * FROM orders INNER JOIN line_items ON order_id=orders.id
       #
       # See also TableDefinition#column for details on how to create columns.
-      def create_table(table_name, **options)
-        td = create_table_definition(table_name, **options)
+      def create_table(table_name, id: :primary_key, primary_key: nil, force: nil, **options)
+        td = create_table_definition(table_name, **extract_table_options!(options))
 
-        if options[:id] != false && !options[:as]
-          pk = options.fetch(:primary_key) do
-            Base.get_primary_key table_name.to_s.singularize
+        if id && !td.as
+          pk = primary_key || Base.get_primary_key(table_name.to_s.singularize)
+
+          if id.is_a?(Hash)
+            options.merge!(id.except(:type))
+            id = id.fetch(:type, :primary_key)
           end
 
           if pk.is_a?(Array)
             td.primary_keys pk
           else
-            td.primary_key pk, options.fetch(:id, :primary_key), **options.except(:comment)
+            td.primary_key pk, id, **options
           end
         end
 
         yield td if block_given?
 
-        if options[:force]
-          drop_table(table_name, **options, if_exists: true)
+        if force
+          drop_table(table_name, force: force, if_exists: true)
+        else
+          schema_cache.clear_data_source_cache!(table_name.to_s)
         end
 
         result = execute schema_creation.accept td
 
         unless supports_indexes_in_create?
           td.indexes.each do |column_name, index_options|
-            add_index(table_name, column_name, index_options)
+            add_index(table_name, column_name, **index_options, if_not_exists: td.if_not_exists)
           end
         end
 
         if supports_comments? && !supports_comments_in_create?
-          if table_comment = options[:comment].presence
+          if table_comment = td.comment.presence
             change_table_comment(table_name, table_comment)
           end
 
@@ -420,6 +427,12 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #     t.column :name, :string, limit: 60
       #   end
       #
+      # ====== Change type of a column
+      #
+      #   change_table(:suppliers) do |t|
+      #     t.change :metadata, :json
+      #   end
+      #
       # ====== Add 2 integer columns
       #
       #   change_table(:suppliers) do |t|
@@ -499,6 +512,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       # it can be helpful to provide these in a migration's +change+ method so it can be reverted.
       # In that case, +options+ and the block will be used by #create_table.
       def drop_table(table_name, **options)
+        schema_cache.clear_data_source_cache!(table_name.to_s)
         execute "DROP TABLE#{' IF EXISTS' if options[:if_exists]} #{quote_table_name(table_name)}"
       end
 
@@ -534,6 +548,9 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #   column will have the same collation as the table.
       # * <tt>:comment</tt> -
       #   Specifies the comment for the column. This option is ignored by some backends.
+      # * <tt>:if_not_exists</tt> -
+      #   Specifies if the column already exists to not try to re-add it. This will avoid
+      #   duplicate column errors.
       #
       # Note: The precision is the total number of significant digits,
       # and the scale is the number of digits that can be stored following
@@ -554,8 +571,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #   but the maximum supported <tt>:precision</tt> is 16. No default.
       # * Oracle: <tt>:precision</tt> [1..38], <tt>:scale</tt> [-84..127].
       #   Default is (38,0).
-      # * DB2: <tt>:precision</tt> [1..63], <tt>:scale</tt> [0..62].
-      #   Default unknown.
       # * SqlServer: <tt>:precision</tt> [1..38], <tt>:scale</tt> [0..38].
       #   Default (38,0).
       #
@@ -585,20 +600,37 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #  # Defines a column with a database-specific type.
       #  add_column(:shapes, :triangle, 'polygon')
       #  # ALTER TABLE "shapes" ADD "triangle" polygon
+      #
+      #  # Ignores the method call if the column exists
+      #  add_column(:shapes, :triangle, 'polygon', if_not_exists: true)
       def add_column(table_name, column_name, type, **options)
+        return if options[:if_not_exists] == true && column_exists?(table_name, column_name, type)
+
         at = create_alter_table table_name
         at.add_column(column_name, type, **options)
         execute schema_creation.accept at
       end
 
+      def add_columns(table_name, *column_names, type:, **options) # :nodoc:
+        column_names.each do |column_name|
+          add_column(table_name, column_name, type, **options)
+        end
+      end
+
       # Removes the given columns from the table definition.
       #
       #   remove_columns(:suppliers, :qualification, :experience)
       #
-      def remove_columns(table_name, *column_names)
-        raise ArgumentError.new("You must specify at least one column name. Example: remove_columns(:people, :first_name)") if column_names.empty?
+      # +type+ and other column options can be passed to make migration reversible.
+      #
+      #    remove_columns(:suppliers, :qualification, :experience, type: :string, null: false)
+      def remove_columns(table_name, *column_names, type: nil, **options)
+        if column_names.empty?
+          raise ArgumentError.new("You must specify at least one column name. Example: remove_columns(:people, :first_name)")
+        end
+
         column_names.each do |column_name|
-          remove_column(table_name, column_name)
+          remove_column(table_name, column_name, type, **options)
         end
       end
 
@@ -610,7 +642,15 @@ module ActiveRecord
       # to provide these in a migration's +change+ method so it can be reverted.
       # In that case, +type+ and +options+ will be used by #add_column.
       # Indexes on the column are automatically removed.
+      #
+      # If the options provided include an +if_exists+ key, it will be used to check if the
+      # column does not exist. This will silently ignore the migration rather than raising
+      # if the column was already used.
+      #
+      #   remove_column(:suppliers, :qualification, if_exists: true)
       def remove_column(table_name, column_name, type = nil, **options)
+        return if options[:if_exists] == true && !column_exists?(table_name, column_name)
+
         execute "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} #{remove_column_for_alter(table_name, column_name, type, **options)}"
       end
 
@@ -620,7 +660,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #   change_column(:suppliers, :name, :string, limit: 80)
       #   change_column(:accounts, :description, :text)
       #
-      def change_column(table_name, column_name, type, options = {})
+      def change_column(table_name, column_name, type, **options)
         raise NotImplementedError, "change_column is not implemented"
       end
 
@@ -682,7 +722,17 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #
       # generates:
       #
-      #   CREATE INDEX suppliers_name_index ON suppliers(name)
+      #   CREATE INDEX index_suppliers_on_name ON suppliers(name)
+      #
+      # ====== Creating a index which already exists
+      #
+      #   add_index(:suppliers, :name, if_not_exists: true)
+      #
+      # generates:
+      #
+      #   CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS index_suppliers_on_name ON suppliers(name)
+      #
+      # Note: Not supported by MySQL.
       #
       # ====== Creating a unique index
       #
@@ -690,7 +740,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #
       # generates:
       #
-      #   CREATE UNIQUE INDEX accounts_branch_id_party_id_index ON accounts(branch_id, party_id)
+      #   CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_accounts_on_branch_id_and_party_id ON accounts(branch_id, party_id)
       #
       # ====== Creating a named index
       #
@@ -720,7 +770,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #
       # ====== Creating an index with a sort order (desc or asc, asc is the default)
       #
-      #   add_index(:accounts, [:branch_id, :party_id, :surname], order: {branch_id: :desc, party_id: :asc})
+      #   add_index(:accounts, [:branch_id, :party_id, :surname], name: 'by_branch_desc_party', order: {branch_id: :desc, party_id: :asc})
       #
       # generates:
       #
@@ -736,7 +786,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #
       #   CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_accounts_on_branch_id_and_party_id ON accounts(branch_id, party_id) WHERE active
       #
-      # Note: Partial indexes are only supported for PostgreSQL and SQLite 3.8.0+.
+      # Note: Partial indexes are only supported for PostgreSQL and SQLite.
       #
       # ====== Creating an index with a specific method
       #
@@ -782,9 +832,11 @@ module ActiveRecord
       # Concurrently adding an index is not supported in a transaction.
       #
       # For more information see the {"Transactional Migrations" section}[rdoc-ref:Migration].
-      def add_index(table_name, column_name, options = {})
-        index_name, index_type, index_columns, index_options = add_index_options(table_name, column_name, **options)
-        execute "CREATE #{index_type} INDEX #{quote_column_name(index_name)} ON #{quote_table_name(table_name)} (#{index_columns})#{index_options}"
+      def add_index(table_name, column_name, **options)
+        index, algorithm, if_not_exists = add_index_options(table_name, column_name, **options)
+
+        create_index = CreateIndexDefinition.new(index, algorithm, if_not_exists)
+        execute schema_creation.accept(create_index)
       end
 
       # Removes the given index from the table.
@@ -805,6 +857,15 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #
       #   remove_index :accounts, name: :by_branch_party
       #
+      # Removes the index on +branch_id+ named +by_branch_party+ in the +accounts+ table.
+      #
+      #   remove_index :accounts, :branch_id, name: :by_branch_party
+      #
+      # Checks if the index exists before trying to remove it. Will silently ignore indexes that
+      # don't exist.
+      #
+      #   remove_index :accounts, if_exists: true
+      #
       # Removes the index named +by_branch_party+ in the +accounts+ table +concurrently+.
       #
       #   remove_index :accounts, name: :by_branch_party, algorithm: :concurrently
@@ -814,8 +875,11 @@ module ActiveRecord
       # Concurrently removing an index is not supported in a transaction.
       #
       # For more information see the {"Transactional Migrations" section}[rdoc-ref:Migration].
-      def remove_index(table_name, options = {})
-        index_name = index_name_for_remove(table_name, options)
+      def remove_index(table_name, column_name = nil, **options)
+        return if options[:if_exists] && !index_exists?(table_name, column_name, **options)
+
+        index_name = index_name_for_remove(table_name, column_name, options)
+
         execute "DROP INDEX #{quote_column_name(index_name)} ON #{quote_table_name(table_name)}"
       end
 
@@ -826,6 +890,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #   rename_index :people, 'index_people_on_last_name', 'index_users_on_last_name'
       #
       def rename_index(table_name, old_name, new_name)
+        old_name = old_name.to_s
+        new_name = new_name.to_s
         validate_index_length!(table_name, new_name)
 
         # this is a naive implementation; some DBs may support this more efficiently (PostgreSQL, for instance)
@@ -867,7 +933,9 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #   Add an appropriate index. Defaults to true.
       #   See #add_index for usage of this option.
       # [<tt>:foreign_key</tt>]
-      #   Add an appropriate foreign key constraint. Defaults to false.
+      #   Add an appropriate foreign key constraint. Defaults to false, pass true
+      #   to add. In case the join table can't be inferred from the association
+      #   pass <tt>:to_table</tt> with the appropriate table name.
       # [<tt>:polymorphic</tt>]
       #   Whether an additional +_type+ column should be added. Defaults to false.
       # [<tt>:null</tt>]
@@ -899,7 +967,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #
       # ====== Create a supplier_id column and a foreign key to the firms table
       #
-      #   add_reference(:products, :supplier, foreign_key: {to_table: :firms})
+      #   add_reference(:products, :supplier, foreign_key: { to_table: :firms })
       #
       def add_reference(table_name, ref_name, **options)
         ReferenceDefinition.new(ref_name, **options).add_to(update_table_definition(table_name, self))
@@ -1061,6 +1129,60 @@ module ActiveRecord
         options
       end
 
+      # Returns an array of check constraints for the given table.
+      # The check constraints are represented as CheckConstraintDefinition objects.
+      def check_constraints(table_name)
+        raise NotImplementedError
+      end
+
+      # Adds a new check constraint to the table. +expression+ is a String
+      # representation of verifiable boolean condition.
+      #
+      #   add_check_constraint :products, "price > 0", name: "price_check"
+      #
+      # generates:
+      #
+      #   ALTER TABLE "products" ADD CONSTRAINT price_check CHECK (price > 0)
+      #
+      # The +options+ hash can include the following keys:
+      # [<tt>:name</tt>]
+      #   The constraint name. Defaults to <tt>chk_rails_<identifier></tt>.
+      # [<tt>:validate</tt>]
+      #   (PostgreSQL only) Specify whether or not the constraint should be validated. Defaults to +true+.
+      def add_check_constraint(table_name, expression, **options)
+        return unless supports_check_constraints?
+
+        options = check_constraint_options(table_name, expression, options)
+        at = create_alter_table(table_name)
+        at.add_check_constraint(expression, options)
+
+        execute schema_creation.accept(at)
+      end
+
+      def check_constraint_options(table_name, expression, options) # :nodoc:
+        options = options.dup
+        options[:name] ||= check_constraint_name(table_name, expression: expression, **options)
+        options
+      end
+
+      # Removes the given check constraint from the table.
+      #
+      #   remove_check_constraint :products, name: "price_check"
+      #
+      # The +expression+ parameter will be ignored if present. It can be helpful
+      # to provide this in a migration's +change+ method so it can be reverted.
+      # In that case, +expression+ will be used by #add_check_constraint.
+      def remove_check_constraint(table_name, expression = nil, **options)
+        return unless supports_check_constraints?
+
+        chk_name_to_delete = check_constraint_for!(table_name, expression: expression, **options).name
+
+        at = create_alter_table(table_name)
+        at.drop_check_constraint(chk_name_to_delete)
+
+        execute schema_creation.accept(at)
+      end
+
       def dump_schema_information # :nodoc:
         versions = schema_migration.all_versions
         insert_versions_sql(versions) if versions.any?
@@ -1070,13 +1192,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
         { primary_key: true }
       end
 
-      def assume_migrated_upto_version(version, migrations_paths = nil)
-        unless migrations_paths.nil?
-          ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(<<~MSG.squish)
-            Passing migrations_paths to #assume_migrated_upto_version is deprecated and will be removed in Rails 6.1.
-          MSG
-        end
-
+      def assume_migrated_upto_version(version)
         version = version.to_i
         sm_table = quote_table_name(schema_migration.table_name)
 
@@ -1169,36 +1285,43 @@ module ActiveRecord
         Table.new(table_name, base)
       end
 
-      def add_index_options(table_name, column_name, comment: nil, **options) # :nodoc:
-        column_names = index_column_names(column_name)
+      def add_index_options(table_name, column_name, name: nil, if_not_exists: false, internal: false, **options) # :nodoc:
+        options.assert_valid_keys(:unique, :length, :order, :opclass, :where, :type, :using, :comment, :algorithm)
 
-        options.assert_valid_keys(:unique, :order, :name, :where, :length, :internal, :using, :algorithm, :type, :opclass)
+        column_names = index_column_names(column_name)
 
-        index_type = options[:type].to_s if options.key?(:type)
-        index_type ||= options[:unique] ? "UNIQUE" : ""
-        index_name = options[:name].to_s if options.key?(:name)
+        index_name = name&.to_s
         index_name ||= index_name(table_name, column_names)
 
-        if options.key?(:algorithm)
-          algorithm = index_algorithms.fetch(options[:algorithm]) {
-            raise ArgumentError.new("Algorithm must be one of the following: #{index_algorithms.keys.map(&:inspect).join(', ')}")
-          }
-        end
-
-        using = "USING #{options[:using]}" if options[:using].present?
-
-        if supports_partial_index?
-          index_options = options[:where] ? " WHERE #{options[:where]}" : ""
-        end
+        validate_index_length!(table_name, index_name, internal)
+
+        index = IndexDefinition.new(
+          table_name, index_name,
+          options[:unique],
+          column_names,
+          lengths: options[:length] || {},
+          orders: options[:order] || {},
+          opclasses: options[:opclass] || {},
+          where: options[:where],
+          type: options[:type],
+          using: options[:using],
+          comment: options[:comment]
+        )
+
+        [index, index_algorithm(options[:algorithm]), if_not_exists]
+      end
 
-        validate_index_length!(table_name, index_name, options.fetch(:internal, false))
+      def index_algorithm(algorithm) # :nodoc:
+        index_algorithms.fetch(algorithm) do
+          raise ArgumentError, "Algorithm must be one of the following: #{index_algorithms.keys.map(&:inspect).join(', ')}"
+        end if algorithm
+      end
 
-        if data_source_exists?(table_name) && index_name_exists?(table_name, index_name)
-          raise ArgumentError, "Index name '#{index_name}' on table '#{table_name}' already exists"
+      def quoted_columns_for_index(column_names, options) # :nodoc:
+        quoted_columns = column_names.each_with_object({}) do |name, result|
+          result[name.to_sym] = quote_column_name(name).dup
         end
-        index_columns = quoted_columns_for_index(column_names, **options).join(", ")
-
-        [index_name, index_type, index_columns, index_options, algorithm, using, comment]
+        add_options_for_index_columns(quoted_columns, **options).values.join(", ")
       end
 
       def options_include_default?(options)
@@ -1259,24 +1382,13 @@ module ActiveRecord
           quoted_columns
         end
 
-        def quoted_columns_for_index(column_names, **options)
-          return [column_names] if column_names.is_a?(String)
-
-          quoted_columns = Hash[column_names.map { |name| [name.to_sym, quote_column_name(name).dup] }]
-          add_options_for_index_columns(quoted_columns, **options).values
-        end
-
-        def index_name_for_remove(table_name, options = {})
-          return options[:name] if can_remove_index_by_name?(options)
+        def index_name_for_remove(table_name, column_name, options)
+          return options[:name] if can_remove_index_by_name?(column_name, options)
 
           checks = []
 
-          if options.is_a?(Hash)
-            checks << lambda { |i| i.name == options[:name].to_s } if options.key?(:name)
-            column_names = index_column_names(options[:column])
-          else
-            column_names = index_column_names(options)
-          end
+          checks << lambda { |i| i.name == options[:name].to_s } if options.key?(:name)
+          column_names = index_column_names(column_name || options[:column])
 
           if column_names.present?
             checks << lambda { |i| index_name(table_name, i.columns) == index_name(table_name, column_names) }
@@ -1322,14 +1434,18 @@ module ActiveRecord
           SchemaCreation.new(self)
         end
 
-        def create_table_definition(*args, **options)
-          TableDefinition.new(self, *args, **options)
+        def create_table_definition(name, **options)
+          TableDefinition.new(self, name, **options)
         end
 
         def create_alter_table(name)
           AlterTable.new create_table_definition(name)
         end
 
+        def extract_table_options!(options)
+          options.extract!(:temporary, :if_not_exists, :options, :as, :comment, :charset, :collation)
+        end
+
         def fetch_type_metadata(sql_type)
           cast_type = lookup_cast_type(sql_type)
           SqlTypeMetadata.new(
@@ -1390,11 +1506,30 @@ module ActiveRecord
           end
         end
 
-        def validate_index_length!(table_name, new_name, internal = false)
-          max_index_length = internal ? index_name_length : allowed_index_name_length
+        def check_constraint_name(table_name, **options)
+          options.fetch(:name) do
+            expression = options.fetch(:expression)
+            identifier = "#{table_name}_#{expression}_chk"
+            hashed_identifier = Digest::SHA256.hexdigest(identifier).first(10)
 
-          if new_name.length > max_index_length
-            raise ArgumentError, "Index name '#{new_name}' on table '#{table_name}' is too long; the limit is #{allowed_index_name_length} characters"
+            "chk_rails_#{hashed_identifier}"
+          end
+        end
+
+        def check_constraint_for(table_name, **options)
+          return unless supports_check_constraints?
+          chk_name = check_constraint_name(table_name, **options)
+          check_constraints(table_name).detect { |chk| chk.name == chk_name }
+        end
+
+        def check_constraint_for!(table_name, expression: nil, **options)
+          check_constraint_for(table_name, expression: expression, **options) ||
+            raise(ArgumentError, "Table '#{table_name}' has no check constraint for #{expression || options}")
+        end
+
+        def validate_index_length!(table_name, new_name, internal = false)
+          if new_name.length > index_name_length
+            raise ArgumentError, "Index name '#{new_name}' on table '#{table_name}' is too long; the limit is #{index_name_length} characters"
           end
         end
 
@@ -1407,8 +1542,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
         alias :extract_new_comment_value :extract_new_default_value
 
-        def can_remove_index_by_name?(options)
-          options.is_a?(Hash) && options.key?(:name) && options.except(:name, :algorithm).empty?
+        def can_remove_index_by_name?(column_name, options)
+          column_name.nil? && options.key?(:name) && options.except(:name, :algorithm).empty?
         end
 
         def bulk_change_table(table_name, operations)
@@ -1442,6 +1577,10 @@ module ActiveRecord
           schema_creation.accept(AddColumnDefinition.new(cd))
         end
 
+        def rename_column_sql(table_name, column_name, new_column_name)
+          "RENAME COLUMN #{quote_column_name(column_name)} TO #{quote_column_name(new_column_name)}"
+        end
+
         def remove_column_for_alter(table_name, column_name, type = nil, **options)
           "DROP COLUMN #{quote_column_name(column_name)}"
         end