activerecord 6.0.6.1 → 6.1.7.6

data/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,6 +1,31 @@
-## Rails 6.0.6.1 (January 17, 2023) ##
+## Rails 6.1.7.6 (August 22, 2023) ##
 
-*   Make `sanitize_as_sql_comment` more strict
+*   No changes.
+
+
+## Rails 6.1.7.5 (August 22, 2023) ##
+
+*   No changes.
+
+
+## Rails 6.1.7.4 (June 26, 2023) ##
+
+*   No changes.
+
+
+## Rails 6.1.7.3 (March 13, 2023) ##
+
+*   No changes.
+
+
+## Rails 6.1.7.2 (January 24, 2023) ##
+
+*   No changes.
+
+
+## Rails 6.1.7.1 (January 17, 2023) ##
+
+*   Make sanitize_as_sql_comment more strict
 
     Though this method was likely never meant to take user input, it was
     attempting sanitization. That sanitization could be bypassed with
@@ -16,15 +41,38 @@
 
     [CVE-2023-22794]
 
+*   Added integer width check to PostgreSQL::Quoting
 
-## Rails 6.0.6 (September 09, 2022) ##
+    Given a value outside the range for a 64bit signed integer type
+    PostgreSQL will treat the column type as numeric. Comparing
+    integer values against numeric values can result in a slow
+    sequential scan.
+
+    This behavior is configurable via
+    ActiveRecord::Base.raise_int_wider_than_64bit which defaults to true.
+
+    [CVE-2022-44566]
+
+## Rails 6.1.7 (September 09, 2022) ##
 
 *   Symbol is allowed by default for YAML columns
 
     *Étienne Barrié*
 
+*   Fix `ActiveRecord::Store` to serialize as a regular Hash
+
+    Previously it would serialize as an `ActiveSupport::HashWithIndifferentAccess`
+    which is wasteful and cause problem with YAML safe_load.
 
-## Rails 6.0.5.1 (July 12, 2022) ##
+    *Jean Boussier*
+
+*   Fix PG.connect keyword arguments deprecation warning on ruby 2.7
+
+    Fixes #44307.
+
+    *Nikita Vasilevsky*
+
+## Rails 6.1.6.1 (July 12, 2022) ##
 
 *   Change ActiveRecord::Coders::YAMLColumn default to safe_load
 
@@ -52,1398 +100,1723 @@
     [CVE-2022-32224]
 
 
-## Rails 6.0.5 (May 09, 2022) ##
+## Rails 6.1.6 (May 09, 2022) ##
 
 *   No changes.
 
 
-## Rails 6.0.4.8 (April 26, 2022) ##
+## Rails 6.1.5.1 (April 26, 2022) ##
 
 *   No changes.
 
 
-## Rails 6.0.4.7 (March 08, 2022) ##
+## Rails 6.1.5 (March 09, 2022) ##
 
-*   No changes.
+*   Fix `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SchemaCache#deep_deduplicate` for Ruby 2.6.
 
+    Ruby 2.6 and 2.7 have slightly different implementations of the `String#-@` method.
+    In Ruby 2.6, the receiver of the `String#-@` method is modified under certain circumstances.
+    This was later identified as a bug (https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15926) and only
+    fixed in Ruby 2.7.
 
-## Rails 6.0.4.6 (February 11, 2022) ##
+    Before the changes in this commit, the
+    `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SchemaCache#deep_deduplicate` method, which internally
+    calls the `String#-@` method, could also modify an input string argument in Ruby 2.6 --
+    changing a tainted, unfrozen string into a tainted, frozen string.
 
-*   No changes.
+    Fixes #43056
 
+    *Eric O'Hanlon*
 
-## Rails 6.0.4.5 (February 11, 2022) ##
+*   Fix migration compatibility to create SQLite references/belongs_to column as integer when
+    migration version is 6.0.
 
-*   No changes.
+    `reference`/`belongs_to` in migrations with version 6.0 were creating columns as
+    bigint instead of integer for the SQLite Adapter.
 
+    *Marcelo Lauxen*
 
-## Rails 6.0.4.4 (December 15, 2021) ##
+*   Fix dbconsole for 3-tier config.
 
-*   No changes.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
+*   Better handle SQL queries with invalid encoding.
 
-## Rails 6.0.4.3 (December 14, 2021) ##
+    ```ruby
+    Post.create(name: "broken \xC8 UTF-8")
+    ```
 
-*   No changes.
+    Would cause all adapters to fail in a non controlled way in the code
+    responsible to detect write queries.
 
+    The query is now properly passed to the database connection, which might or might
+    not be able to handle it, but will either succeed or failed in a more correct way.
 
-## Rails 6.0.4.2 (December 14, 2021) ##
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-*   No changes.
+*   Ignore persisted in-memory records when merging target lists.
 
+    *Kevin Sjöberg*
 
-## Rails 6.0.4.1 (August 19, 2021) ##
+*   Fix regression bug that caused ignoring additional conditions for preloading
+    `has_many` through relations.
 
-*   No changes.
+    Fixes #43132
 
+    *Alexander Pauly*
 
-## Rails 6.0.4 (June 15, 2021) ##
+*   Fix `ActiveRecord::InternalMetadata` to not be broken by
+    `config.active_record.record_timestamps = false`
 
-*   Only warn about negative enums if a positive form that would cause conflicts exists.
+    Since the model always create the timestamp columns, it has to set them, otherwise it breaks
+    various DB management tasks.
 
-    Fixes #39065.
+    Fixes #42983
+
+    *Jean Boussier*
+
+*   Fix duplicate active record objects on `inverse_of`.
+
+    *Justin Carvalho*
+
+*   Fix duplicate objects stored in has many association after save.
+
+    Fixes #42549.
 
     *Alex Ghiculescu*
 
-*   Allow the inverse of a `has_one` association that was previously autosaved to be loaded.
+*   Fix performance regression in `CollectionAssocation#build`.
 
-    Fixes #34255.
+    *Alex Ghiculescu*
 
-    *Steven Weber*
+*   Fix retrieving default value for text column for MariaDB.
 
-*   Reset statement cache for association if `table_name` is changed.
+    *fatkodima*
 
-    Fixes #36453.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+## Rails 6.1.4.7 (March 08, 2022) ##
 
-*   Type cast extra select for eager loading.
+*   No changes.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Prevent collection associations from being autosaved multiple times.
+## Rails 6.1.4.6 (February 11, 2022) ##
 
-    Fixes #39173.
+*   No changes.
 
-    *Eugene Kenny*
 
-*   Resolve issue with insert_all unique_by option when used with expression index.
+## Rails 6.1.4.5 (February 11, 2022) ##
 
-    When the `:unique_by` option of `ActiveRecord::Persistence.insert_all` and
-    `ActiveRecord::Persistence.upsert_all` was used with the name of an expression index, an error
-    was raised. Adding a guard around the formatting behavior for the `:unique_by` corrects this.
+*   No changes.
 
-    Usage:
 
-    ```ruby
-    create_table :books, id: :integer, force: true do |t|
-      t.column :name, :string
-      t.index "lower(name)", unique: true
-    end
+## Rails 6.1.4.4 (December 15, 2021) ##
 
-    Book.insert_all [{ name: "MyTest" }], unique_by: :index_books_on_lower_name
-    ```
+*   No changes.
 
-    Fixes #39516.
 
-    *Austen Madden*
+## Rails 6.1.4.3 (December 14, 2021) ##
 
-*   Fix preloading for polymorphic association with custom scope.
+*   No changes.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Allow relations with different SQL comments in the `or` method.
+## Rails 6.1.4.2 (December 14, 2021) ##
 
-    *Takumi Shotoku*
+*   No changes.
 
-*   Resolve conflict between counter cache and optimistic locking.
 
-    Bump an Active Record instance's lock version after updating its counter
-    cache. This avoids raising an unnecessary `ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError`
-    upon subsequent transactions by maintaining parity with the corresponding
-    database record's `lock_version` column.
+## Rails 6.1.4.1 (August 19, 2021) ##
 
-    Fixes #16449.
+*   No changes.
 
-    *Aaron Lipman*
 
-*   Fix through association with source/through scope which has joins.
+## Rails 6.1.4 (June 24, 2021) ##
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Do not try to rollback transactions that failed due to a `ActiveRecord::TransactionRollbackError`.
 
-*   Fix through association to respect source scope for includes/preload.
+    *Jamie McCarthy*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Raise an error if `pool_config` is `nil` in `set_pool_config`.
 
-*   Fix eager load with Arel joins to maintain the original joins order.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Fix compatibility with `psych >= 4`.
 
-*   Fix group by count with eager loading + order + limit/offset.
+    Starting in Psych 4.0.0 `YAML.load` behaves like `YAML.safe_load`. To preserve compatibility
+    Active Record's schema cache loader and `YAMLColumn` now uses `YAML.unsafe_load` if available.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-*   Fix left joins order when merging multiple left joins from different associations.
+*   Support using replicas when using `rails dbconsole`.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Christopher Thornton*
 
-*   Fix index creation to preserve index comment in bulk change table on MySQL.
+*   Restore connection pools after transactional tests.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Eugene Kenny*
+
+*   Change `upsert_all` to fails cleanly for MySQL when `:unique_by` is used.
+
+    *Bastian Bartmann*
 
-*   Change `remove_foreign_key` to not check `:validate` option if database
-    doesn't support the feature.
+*   Fix user-defined `self.default_scope` to respect table alias.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Fix the result of aggregations to maintain duplicated "group by" fields.
+*   Clear `@cache_keys` cache after `update_all`, `delete_all`, `destroy_all`.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Do not return duplicated records when using preload.
+*   Changed Arel predications `contains` and `overlaps` to use
+    `quoted_node` so that PostgreSQL arrays are quoted properly.
 
-    *Bogdan Gusiev*
+    *Bradley Priest*
 
+*   Fix `merge` when the `where` clauses have string contents.
 
-## Rails 6.0.3.7 (May 05, 2021) ##
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   No changes.
+*   Fix rollback of parent destruction with nested `dependent: :destroy`.
 
+    *Jacopo Beschi*
 
-## Rails 6.0.3.6 (March 26, 2021) ##
+*   Fix binds logging for `"WHERE ... IN ..."` statements.
 
-*   No changes.
+    *Ricardo Díaz*
 
+*   Handle `false` in relation strict loading checks.
 
-## Rails 6.0.3.5 (February 10, 2021) ##
+    Previously when a model had strict loading set to true and then had a
+    relation set `strict_loading` to false the false wasn't considered when
+    deciding whether to raise/warn about strict loading.
 
-*   Fix possible DoS vector in PostgreSQL money type
+    ```
+    class Dog < ActiveRecord::Base
+      self.strict_loading_by_default = true
 
-    Carefully crafted input can cause a DoS via the regular expressions used
-    for validating the money format in the PostgreSQL adapter.  This patch
-    fixes the regexp.
+      has_many :treats, strict_loading: false
+    end
+    ```
 
-    Thanks to @dee-see from Hackerone for this patch!
+    In the example, `dog.treats` would still raise even though
+    `strict_loading` was set to false. This is a bug affecting more than
+    Active Storage which is why I made this PR superseding #41461. We need
+    to fix this for all applications since the behavior is a little
+    surprising. I took the test from #41461 and the code suggestion from #41453
+    with some additions.
 
-    [CVE-2021-22880]
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *Radamés Roriz*
 
-    *Aaron Patterson*
+*   Fix numericality validator without precision.
 
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-## Rails 6.0.3.4 (October 07, 2020) ##
+*   Fix aggregate attribute on Enum types.
 
-*   No changes.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
+*   Fix `CREATE INDEX` statement generation for PostgreSQL.
 
-## Rails 6.0.3.3 (September 09, 2020) ##
+    *eltongo*
 
-*   No changes.
+*   Fix where clause on enum attribute when providing array of strings.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Fix `unprepared_statement` to work it when nesting.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
 
-## Rails 6.0.3.2 (June 17, 2020) ##
+## Rails 6.1.3.2 (May 05, 2021) ##
 
 *   No changes.
 
 
-## Rails 6.0.3.1 (May 18, 2020) ##
+## Rails 6.1.3.1 (March 26, 2021) ##
 
 *   No changes.
 
 
-## Rails 6.0.3 (May 06, 2020) ##
+## Rails 6.1.3 (February 17, 2021) ##
 
-*   Recommend applications don't use the `database` kwarg in `connected_to`
+*   Fix the MySQL adapter to always set the right collation and charset
+    to the connection session.
 
-    The database kwarg in `connected_to` was meant to be used for one-off scripts but is often used in requests. This is really dangerous because it re-establishes a connection every time. It's deprecated in 6.1 and will be removed in 6.2 without replacement. This change soft deprecates it in 6.0 by removing documentation.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+*   Fix MySQL adapter handling of time objects when prepared statements
+    are enabled.
 
-*   Fix support for PostgreSQL 11+ partitioned indexes.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Sebastián Palma*
+*   Fix scoping in enum fields using conditions that would generate
+    an `IN` clause.
 
-*   Add support for beginless ranges, introduced in Ruby 2.7.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Josh Goodall*
+*   Skip optimised #exist? query when #include? is called on a relation
+    with a having clause
 
-*   Fix insert_all with enum values
+    Relations that have aliased select values AND a having clause that
+    references an aliased select value would generate an error when
+    #include? was called, due to an optimisation that would generate
+    call #exists? on the relation instead, which effectively alters
+    the select values of the query (and thus removes the aliased select
+    values), but leaves the having clause intact. Because the having
+    clause is then referencing an aliased column that is no longer
+    present in the simplified query, an ActiveRecord::InvalidStatement
+    error was raised.
 
-    Fixes #38716.
+    An sample query affected by this problem:
 
-    *Joel Blum*
+    ```ruby
+    Author.select('COUNT(*) as total_posts', 'authors.*')
+          .joins(:posts)
+          .group(:id)
+          .having('total_posts > 2')
+          .include?(Author.first)
+    ```
 
-*   Regexp-escape table name for MS SQL
+    This change adds an addition check to the condition that skips the
+    simplified #exists? query, which simply checks for the presence of
+    a having clause.
 
-    Add `Regexp.escape` to one method in ActiveRecord, so that table names with regular expression characters in them work as expected. Since MS SQL Server uses "[" and "]" to quote table and column names, and those characters are regular expression characters, methods like `pluck` and `select` fail in certain cases when used with the MS SQL Server adapter.
+    Fixes #41417
 
-    *Larry Reid*
+    *Michael Smart*
 
-*   Store advisory locks on their own named connection.
+*   Increment postgres prepared statement counter before making a prepared statement, so if the statement is aborted
+    without Rails knowledge (e.g., if app gets kill -9d during long-running query or due to Rack::Timeout), app won't end
+    up in perpetual crash state for being inconsistent with Postgres.
 
-    Previously advisory locks were taken out against a connection when a migration started. This works fine in single database applications but doesn't work well when migrations need to open new connections which results in the lock getting dropped.
+    *wbharding*, *Martin Tepper*
 
-    In order to fix this we are storing the advisory lock on a new connection with the connection specification name `AdisoryLockBase`. The caveat is that we need to maintain at least 2 connections to a database while migrations are running in order to do this.
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
+## Rails 6.1.2.1 (February 10, 2021) ##
 
-*   Ensure `:reading` connections always raise if a write is attempted.
+*   Fix possible DoS vector in PostgreSQL money type
 
-    Now Rails will raise an `ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyError` if any connection on the reading handler attempts to make a write. If your reading role needs to write you should name the role something other than `:reading`.
+    Carefully crafted input can cause a DoS via the regular expressions used
+    for validating the money format in the PostgreSQL adapter.  This patch
+    fixes the regexp.
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+    Thanks to @dee-see from Hackerone for this patch!
 
-*   Enforce fresh ETag header after a collection's contents change by adding
-    ActiveRecord::Relation#cache_key_with_version. This method will be used by
-    ActionController::ConditionalGet to ensure that when collection cache versioning
-    is enabled, requests using ConditionalGet don't return the same ETag header
-    after a collection is modified. Fixes #38078.
+    [CVE-2021-22880]
 
-    *Aaron Lipman*
+    *Aaron Patterson*
 
-*   A database URL can now contain a querystring value that contains an equal sign. This is needed to support passing PostgresSQL `options`.
 
-     *Joshua Flanagan*
+## Rails 6.1.2 (February 09, 2021) ##
 
-*   Retain explicit selections on the base model after applying `includes` and `joins`.
+*   Fix timestamp type for sqlite3.
 
-    Resolves #34889.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    *Patrick Rebsch*
+*   Make destroy async transactional.
 
+    An active record rollback could occur while enqueuing a job. In this
+    case the job would enqueue even though the database deletion
+    rolledback putting things in a funky state.
 
-## Rails 6.0.2.2 (March 19, 2020) ##
+    Now the jobs are only enqueued until after the db transaction has been committed.
 
-*   No changes.
+    *Cory Gwin*
 
+*   Fix malformed packet error in MySQL statement for connection configuration.
 
-## Rails 6.0.2.1 (December 18, 2019) ##
+    *robinroestenburg*
 
-*   No changes.
+*   Connection specification now passes the "url" key as a configuration for the
+    adapter if the "url" protocol is "jdbc", "http", or "https". Previously only
+    urls with the "jdbc" prefix were passed to the Active Record Adapter, others
+    are assumed to be adapter specification urls.
 
+    Fixes #41137.
 
-## Rails 6.0.2 (December 13, 2019) ##
+    *Jonathan Bracy*
 
-*   Share the same connection pool for primary and replica databases in the
-    transactional tests for the same database.
+*   Fix granular connection swapping when there are multiple abstract classes.
 
-    *Edouard Chin*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-*   Fix the preloader when one record is fetched using `after_initialize`
-    but not the entire collection.
+*   Fix `find_by` with custom primary key for belongs_to association.
 
-    *Bradley Price*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Fix collection callbacks not terminating when `:abort` is thrown.
+*   Add support for `rails console --sandbox` for multiple database applications.
 
-    *Edouard Chin*, *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *alpaca-tc*
 
-*   Correctly deprecate `where.not` working as NOR for relations.
+*   Fix `where` on polymorphic association with empty array.
 
-    12a9664 deprecated where.not working as NOR, however
-    doing a relation query like `where.not(relation: { ... })`
-    wouldn't be properly deprecated and `where.not` would work as
-    NAND instead.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Edouard Chin*
+*   Fix preventing writes for `ApplicationRecord`.
 
-*   Fix `db:migrate` task with multiple databases to restore the connection
-    to the previous database.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    The migrate task iterates and establish a connection over each db
-    resulting in the last one to be used by subsequent rake tasks.
-    We should reestablish a connection to the connection that was
-    established before the migrate tasks was run
 
-    *Edouard Chin*
+## Rails 6.1.1 (January 07, 2021) ##
+
+*   Fix fixtures loading when strict loading is enabled for the association.
+
+    *Alex Ghiculescu*
 
-*   Fix multi-threaded issue for `AcceptanceValidator`.
+*   Fix `where` with custom primary key for belongs_to association.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
+*   Fix `where` with aliased associations.
 
-## Rails 6.0.1 (November 5, 2019) ##
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*    Common Table Expressions are allowed on read-only connections.
+*   Fix `composed_of` with symbol mapping.
 
-     *Chris Morris*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*    New record instantiation respects `unscope`.
+*   Don't skip money's type cast for pluck and calculations.
 
-     *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*    Fixed a case where `find_in_batches` could halt too early.
+*   Fix `where` on polymorphic association with non Active Record object.
 
-     *Takayuki Nakata*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*    Autosaved associations always perform validations when a custom validation
-     context is used.
+*   Make sure `db:prepare` works even the schema file doesn't exist.
 
-     *Tekin Suleyman*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*    `sql.active_record` notifications now include the `:connection` in
-     their payloads.
+*   Fix complicated `has_many :through` with nested where condition.
 
-     *Eugene Kenny*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*    A rollback encountered in an `after_commit` callback does not reset
-     previously-committed record state.
+*   Handle STI models for `has_many dependent: :destroy_async`.
 
-     *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Muhammad Usman*
 
-*    Fixed that join order was lost when eager-loading.
+*   Restore possibility of passing `false` to :polymorphic option of `belongs_to`.
 
-     *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    Previously, passing `false` would trigger the option validation logic
+    to throw an error saying :polymorphic would not be a valid option.
 
-*   `DESCRIBE` queries are allowed on read-only connections.
+    *glaszig*
 
-    *Dylan Thacker-Smith*
+*   Allow adding nonnamed expression indexes to be revertible.
 
-*   Fixed that records that had been `inspect`ed could not be marshaled.
+    Fixes #40732.
 
-    *Eugene Kenny*
+    Previously, the following code would raise an error, when executed while rolling back,
+    and the index name should be specified explicitly. Now, the index name is inferred
+    automatically.
 
-*   The connection pool reaper thread is respawned in forked processes. This
-    fixes that idle connections in forked processes wouldn't be reaped.
+    ```ruby
+    add_index(:items, "to_tsvector('english', description)")
+    ```
 
-    *John Hawthorn*
+    *fatkodima*
 
-*   The memoized result of `ActiveRecord::Relation#take` is properly cleared
-    when `ActiveRecord::Relation#reset` or `ActiveRecord::Relation#reload`
-    is called.
 
-    *Anmol Arora*
+## Rails 6.1.0 (December 09, 2020) ##
 
-*   Fixed the performance regression for `primary_keys` introduced MySQL 8.0.
+*   Only warn about negative enums if a positive form that would cause conflicts exists.
 
-    *Hiroyuki Ishii*
+    Fixes #39065.
 
-*   `insert`, `insert_all`, `upsert`, and `upsert_all` now clear the query cache.
+    *Alex Ghiculescu*
 
-    *Eugene Kenny*
+*   Change `attribute_for_inspect` to take `filter_attributes` in consideration.
 
-*   Call `while_preventing_writes` directly from `connected_to`.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    In some cases application authors want to use the database switching middleware and make explicit calls with `connected_to`. It's possible for an app to turn off writes and not turn them back on by the time we call `connected_to(role: :writing)`.
+*   Fix odd behavior of inverse_of with multiple belongs_to to same class.
 
-    This change allows apps to fix this by assuming if a role is writing we want to allow writes, except in the case it's explicitly turned off.
+    Fixes #35204.
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+    *Tomoyuki Kai*
 
-*   Improve detection of ActiveRecord::StatementTimeout with mysql2 adapter in the edge case when the query is terminated during filesort.
+*   Build predicate conditions with objects that delegate `#id` and primary key:
 
-    *Kir Shatrov*
+    ```ruby
+    class AdminAuthor
+      delegate_missing_to :@author
 
+      def initialize(author)
+        @author = author
+      end
+    end
 
-## Rails 6.0.0 (August 16, 2019) ##
+    Post.where(author: AdminAuthor.new(author))
+    ```
 
-*   Preserve user supplied joins order as much as possible.
+    *Sean Doyle*
 
-    Fixes #36761, #34328, #24281, #12953.
+*   Add `connected_to_many` API.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    This API allows applications to connect to multiple databases at once without switching all of them or implementing a deeply nested stack.
 
-*   Make the DATABASE_URL env variable only affect the primary connection. Add new env variables for multiple databases.
+    Before:
 
-    *John Crepezzi*, *Eileen Uchitelle*
+        AnimalsRecord.connected_to(role: :reading) do
+          MealsRecord.connected_to(role: :reading) do
+            Dog.first # read from animals replica
+            Dinner.first # read from meals replica
+            Person.first # read from primary writer
+          end
+        end
 
-*   Add a warning for enum elements with 'not_' prefix.
+    After:
 
-        class Foo
-          enum status: [:sent, :not_sent]
+        ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to_many([AnimalsRecord, MealsRecord], role: :reading) do
+          Dog.first # read from animals replica
+          Dinner.first # read from meals replica
+          Person.first # read from primary writer
         end
 
-    *Edu Depetris*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   Make currency symbols optional for money column type in PostgreSQL
+*   Add option to raise or log for `ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError`.
 
-    *Joel Schneider*
+    Some applications may not want to raise an error in production if using `strict_loading`. This would allow an application to set strict loading to log for the production environment while still raising in development and test environments.
 
+    Set `config.active_record.action_on_strict_loading_violation` to `:log` errors instead of raising.
 
-## Rails 6.0.0.rc2 (July 22, 2019) ##
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-*   Add database_exists? method to connection adapters to check if a database exists.
+*   Allow the inverse of a `has_one` association that was previously autosaved to be loaded.
 
-    *Guilherme Mansur*
+    Fixes #34255.
 
-*   PostgreSQL: Fix GROUP BY with ORDER BY virtual count attribute.
+    *Steven Weber*
 
-    Fixes #36022.
+*   Optimise the length of index names for polymorphic references by using the reference name rather than the type and id column names.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    Because the default behaviour when adding an index with multiple columns is to use all column names in the index name, this could frequently lead to overly long index names for polymorphic references which would fail the migration if it exceeded the database limit.
 
-*   Make ActiveRecord `ConnectionPool.connections` method thread-safe.
+    This change reduces the chance of that happening by using the reference name, e.g. `index_my_table_on_my_reference`.
 
-    Fixes #36465.
+    Fixes #38655.
 
-    *Jeff Doering*
+    *Luke Redpath*
 
-*   Fix sqlite3 collation parsing when using decimal columns.
+*   MySQL: Uniqueness validator now respects default database collation,
+    no longer enforce case sensitive comparison by default.
 
-    *Martin R. Schuster*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Fix invalid schema when primary key column has a comment.
+*   Remove deprecated methods from `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::DatabaseLimits`.
 
-    Fixes #29966.
+    `column_name_length`
+    `table_name_length`
+    `columns_per_table`
+    `indexes_per_table`
+    `columns_per_multicolumn_index`
+    `sql_query_length`
+    `joins_per_query`
 
-    *Guilherme Goettems Schneider*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Fix table comment also being applied to the primary key column.
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractAdapter#supports_multi_insert?`.
 
-    *Guilherme Goettems Schneider*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Fix merging left_joins to maintain its own `join_type` context.
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractAdapter#supports_foreign_keys_in_create?`.
 
-    Fixes #36103.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::PostgreSQLAdapter#supports_ranges?`.
 
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-## Rails 6.0.0.rc1 (April 24, 2019) ##
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Base#update_attributes` and `ActiveRecord::Base#update_attributes!`.
 
-*   Add `touch` option to `has_one` association.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Abhay Nikam*
+*   Remove deprecated `migrations_path` argument in `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapter::SchemaStatements#assume_migrated_upto_version`.
 
-*   Deprecate `where.not` working as NOR and will be changed to NAND in Rails 6.1.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    ```ruby
-    all = [treasures(:diamond), treasures(:sapphire), cars(:honda), treasures(:sapphire)]
-    assert_equal all, PriceEstimate.all.map(&:estimate_of)
-    ```
+*   Remove deprecated `config.active_record.sqlite3.represent_boolean_as_integer`.
 
-    In Rails 6.0:
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    ```ruby
-    sapphire = treasures(:sapphire)
-
-    nor = all.reject { |e|
-      e.estimate_of_type == sapphire.class.polymorphic_name
-    }.reject { |e|
-      e.estimate_of_id == sapphire.id
-    }
-    assert_equal [cars(:honda)], nor
-
-    without_sapphire = PriceEstimate.where.not(
-      estimate_of_type: sapphire.class.polymorphic_name, estimate_of_id: sapphire.id
-    )
-    assert_equal nor, without_sapphire.map(&:estimate_of)
-    ```
+*   `relation.create` does no longer leak scope to class level querying methods
+    in initialization block and callbacks.
 
-    In Rails 6.1:
+    Before:
 
-    ```ruby
-    sapphire = treasures(:sapphire)
+        User.where(name: "John").create do |john|
+          User.find_by(name: "David") # => nil
+        end
 
-    nand = all - [sapphire]
-    assert_equal [treasures(:diamond), cars(:honda)], nand
+    After:
 
-    without_sapphire = PriceEstimate.where.not(
-      estimate_of_type: sapphire.class.polymorphic_name, estimate_of_id: sapphire.id
-    )
-    assert_equal nand, without_sapphire.map(&:estimate_of)
-    ```
+        User.where(name: "John").create do |john|
+          User.find_by(name: "David") # => #<User name: "David", ...>
+        end
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Fix dirty tracking after rollback.
+*   Named scope chain does no longer leak scope to class level querying methods.
 
-    Fixes #15018, #30167, #33868.
+        class User < ActiveRecord::Base
+          scope :david, -> { User.where(name: "David") }
+        end
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    Before:
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Relation#cache_version` to support recyclable cache keys via
-    the versioned entries in `ActiveSupport::Cache`. This also means that
-    `ActiveRecord::Relation#cache_key` will now return a stable key that does not
-    include the max timestamp or count any more.
+        User.where(name: "John").david
+        # SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'John' AND name = 'David'
 
-    NOTE: This feature is turned off by default, and `cache_key` will still return
-    cache keys with timestamps until you set `ActiveRecord::Base.collection_cache_versioning = true`.
-    That's the setting for all new apps on Rails 6.0+
+    After:
 
-    *Lachlan Sylvester*
+        User.where(name: "John").david
+        # SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'David'
 
-*   Fix dirty tracking for `touch` to track saved changes.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    Fixes #33429.
+*   Remove deprecated methods from `ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations`.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamzono*
+    `fetch`
+    `each`
+    `first`
+    `values`
+    `[]=`
 
-*   `change_column_comment` and `change_table_comment` are invertible only if
-    `to` and `from` options are specified.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Yoshiyuki Kinjo*
+*   `where.not` now generates NAND predicates instead of NOR.
 
-*   Don't call commit/rollback callbacks when a record isn't saved.
+     Before:
 
-    Fixes #29747.
+        User.where.not(name: "Jon", role: "admin")
+        # SELECT * FROM users WHERE name != 'Jon' AND role != 'admin'
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+     After:
 
-*   Fix circular `autosave: true` causes invalid records to be saved.
+        User.where.not(name: "Jon", role: "admin")
+        # SELECT * FROM users WHERE NOT (name == 'Jon' AND role == 'admin')
 
-    Prior to the fix, when there was a circular series of `autosave: true`
-    associations, the callback for a `has_many` association was run while
-    another instance of the same callback on the same association hadn't
-    finished running. When control returned to the first instance of the
-    callback, the instance variable had changed, and subsequent associated
-    records weren't saved correctly. Specifically, the ID field for the
-    `belongs_to` corresponding to the `has_many` was `nil`.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    Fixes #28080.
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Result#to_hash` method.
 
-    *Larry Reid*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Raise `ArgumentError` for invalid `:limit` and `:precision` like as other options.
+*   Deprecate `ActiveRecord::Base.allow_unsafe_raw_sql`.
 
-    Before:
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    ```ruby
-    add_column :items, :attr1, :binary,   size: 10      # => ArgumentError
-    add_column :items, :attr2, :decimal,  scale: 10     # => ArgumentError
-    add_column :items, :attr3, :integer,  limit: 10     # => ActiveRecordError
-    add_column :items, :attr4, :datetime, precision: 10 # => ActiveRecordError
-    ```
+*   Remove deprecated support for using unsafe raw SQL in `ActiveRecord::Relation` methods.
 
-    After:
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+
+*   Allow users to silence the "Rails couldn't infer whether you are using multiple databases..."
+    message using `config.active_record.suppress_multiple_database_warning`.
+
+    *Omri Gabay*
+
+*   Connections can be granularly switched for abstract classes when `connected_to` is called.
+
+    This change allows `connected_to` to switch a `role` and/or `shard` for a single abstract class instead of all classes globally. Applications that want to use the new feature need to set `config.active_record.legacy_connection_handling` to `false` in their application configuration.
+
+    Example usage:
+
+    Given an application we have a `User` model that inherits from `ApplicationRecord` and a `Dog` model that inherits from `AnimalsRecord`. `AnimalsRecord` and `ApplicationRecord` have writing and reading connections as well as shard `default`, `one`, and `two`.
 
     ```ruby
-    add_column :items, :attr1, :binary,   size: 10      # => ArgumentError
-    add_column :items, :attr2, :decimal,  scale: 10     # => ArgumentError
-    add_column :items, :attr3, :integer,  limit: 10     # => ArgumentError
-    add_column :items, :attr4, :datetime, precision: 10 # => ArgumentError
+    ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :reading) do
+      User.first # reads from default replica
+      Dog.first # reads from default replica
+
+      AnimalsRecord.connected_to(role: :writing, shard: :one) do
+        User.first # reads from default replica
+        Dog.first # reads from shard one primary
+      end
+
+      User.first # reads from default replica
+      Dog.first # reads from default replica
+
+      ApplicationRecord.connected_to(role: :writing, shard: :two) do
+        User.first # reads from shard two primary
+        Dog.first # reads from default replica
+      end
+    end
     ```
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   Association loading isn't to be affected by scoping consistently
-    whether preloaded / eager loaded or not, with the exception of `unscoped`.
+*   Allow double-dash comment syntax when querying read-only databases
 
-    Before:
+    *James Adam*
+
+*   Add `values_at` method.
+
+    Returns an array containing the values associated with the given methods.
 
     ```ruby
-    Post.where("1=0").scoping do
-      Comment.find(1).post                   # => nil
-      Comment.preload(:post).find(1).post    # => #<Post id: 1, ...>
-      Comment.eager_load(:post).find(1).post # => #<Post id: 1, ...>
+    topic = Topic.first
+    topic.values_at(:title, :author_name)
+    # => ["Budget", "Jason"]
+    ```
+
+    Similar to `Hash#values_at` but on an Active Record instance.
+
+    *Guillaume Briday*
+
+*   Fix `read_attribute_before_type_cast` to consider attribute aliases.
+
+    *Marcelo Lauxen*
+
+*   Support passing record to uniqueness validator `:conditions` callable:
+
+    ```ruby
+    class Article < ApplicationRecord
+      validates_uniqueness_of :title, conditions: ->(article) {
+        published_at = article.published_at
+        where(published_at: published_at.beginning_of_year..published_at.end_of_year)
+      }
     end
     ```
 
-    After:
+    *Eliot Sykes*
+
+*   `BatchEnumerator#update_all` and `BatchEnumerator#delete_all` now return the
+    total number of rows affected, just like their non-batched counterparts.
 
     ```ruby
-    Post.where("1=0").scoping do
-      Comment.find(1).post                   # => #<Post id: 1, ...>
-      Comment.preload(:post).find(1).post    # => #<Post id: 1, ...>
-      Comment.eager_load(:post).find(1).post # => #<Post id: 1, ...>
+    Person.in_batches.update_all("first_name = 'Eugene'") # => 42
+    Person.in_batches.delete_all # => 42
+    ```
+
+    Fixes #40287.
+
+    *Eugene Kenny*
+
+*   Add support for PostgreSQL `interval` data type with conversion to
+    `ActiveSupport::Duration` when loading records from database and
+    serialization to ISO 8601 formatted duration string on save.
+    Add support to define a column in migrations and get it in a schema dump.
+    Optional column precision is supported.
+
+    To use this in 6.1, you need to place the next string to your model file:
+
+        attribute :duration, :interval
+
+    To keep old behavior until 7.0 is released:
+
+        attribute :duration, :string
+
+    Example:
+
+        create_table :events do |t|
+          t.string   :name
+          t.interval :duration
+        end
+
+        class Event < ApplicationRecord
+          attribute :duration, :interval
+        end
+
+        Event.create!(name: 'Rock Fest', duration: 2.days)
+        Event.last.duration # => 2 days
+        Event.last.duration.iso8601 # => "P2D"
+        Event.new(duration: 'P1DT12H3S').duration # => 1 day, 12 hours, and 3 seconds
+        Event.new(duration: '1 day') # Unknown value will be ignored and NULL will be written to database
+
+    *Andrey Novikov*
+
+*   Allow associations supporting the `dependent:` key to take `dependent: :destroy_async`.
+
+    ```ruby
+    class Account < ActiveRecord::Base
+        belongs_to :supplier, dependent: :destroy_async
     end
     ```
 
-    Fixes #34638, #35398.
+    `:destroy_async` will enqueue a job to destroy associated records in the background.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *DHH*, *George Claghorn*, *Cory Gwin*, *Rafael Mendonça França*, *Adrianna Chang*
 
-*   Add `rails db:prepare` to migrate or setup a database.
+*   Add `SKIP_TEST_DATABASE` environment variable to disable modifying the test database when `rails db:create` and `rails db:drop` are called.
 
-    Runs `db:migrate` if the database exists or `db:setup` if it doesn't.
+    *Jason Schweier*
 
-    *Roberto Miranda*
+*   `connects_to` can only be called on `ActiveRecord::Base` or abstract classes.
 
-*   Add `after_save_commit` callback as shortcut for `after_commit :hook, on: [ :create, :update ]`.
+    Ensure that `connects_to` can only be called from `ActiveRecord::Base` or abstract classes. This protects the application from opening duplicate or too many connections.
 
-    *DHH*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
+
+*   All connection adapters `execute` now raises `ActiveRecord::ConnectionNotEstablished` rather than
+    `ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid` when they encounter a connection error.
+
+    *Jean Boussier*
+
+*   `Mysql2Adapter#quote_string` now raises `ActiveRecord::ConnectionNotEstablished` rather than
+    `ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid` when it can't connect to the MySQL server.
 
-*   Assign all attributes before calling `build` to ensure the child record is visible in
-    `before_add` and `after_add` callbacks for `has_many :through` associations.
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-    Fixes #33249.
+*   Add support for check constraints that are `NOT VALID` via `validate: false` (PostgreSQL-only).
 
-    *Ryan H. Kerr*
+    *Alex Robbin*
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Relation#extract_associated` for extracting associated records from a relation.
+*   Ensure the default configuration is considered primary or first for an environment
+
+    If a multiple database application provides a configuration named primary, that will be treated as default. In applications that do not have a primary entry, the default database configuration will be the first configuration for an environment.
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
+*   Allow `where` references association names as joined table name aliases.
+
+    ```ruby
+    class Comment < ActiveRecord::Base
+      enum label: [:default, :child]
+      has_many :children, class_name: "Comment", foreign_key: :parent_id
+    end
+
+    # ... FROM comments LEFT OUTER JOIN comments children ON ... WHERE children.label = 1
+    Comment.includes(:children).where("children.label": "child")
     ```
-    account.memberships.extract_associated(:user)
-    # => Returns collection of User records
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Support storing demodulized class name for polymorphic type.
+
+    Before Rails 6.1, storing demodulized class name is supported only for STI type
+    by `store_full_sti_class` class attribute.
+
+    Now `store_full_class_name` class attribute can handle both STI and polymorphic types.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Deprecate `rails db:structure:{load, dump}` tasks and extend
+    `rails db:schema:{load, dump}` tasks to work with either `:ruby` or `:sql` format,
+    depending on `config.active_record.schema_format` configuration value.
+
+    *fatkodima*
+
+*   Respect the `select` values for eager loading.
+
+    ```ruby
+    post = Post.select("UPPER(title) AS title").first
+    post.title # => "WELCOME TO THE WEBLOG"
+    post.body  # => ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError
+
+    # Rails 6.0 (ignore the `select` values)
+    post = Post.select("UPPER(title) AS title").eager_load(:comments).first
+    post.title # => "Welcome to the weblog"
+    post.body  # => "Such a lovely day"
+
+    # Rails 6.1 (respect the `select` values)
+    post = Post.select("UPPER(title) AS title").eager_load(:comments).first
+    post.title # => "WELCOME TO THE WEBLOG"
+    post.body  # => ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError
     ```
 
-    *DHH*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Relation#annotate` for adding SQL comments to its queries.
+*   Allow attribute's default to be configured but keeping its own type.
 
-    For example:
+    ```ruby
+    class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
+      attribute :written_at, default: -> { Time.now.utc }
+    end
+
+    # Rails 6.0
+    Post.type_for_attribute(:written_at) # => #<Type::Value ... precision: nil, ...>
 
+    # Rails 6.1
+    Post.type_for_attribute(:written_at) # => #<Type::DateTime ... precision: 6, ...>
     ```
-    Post.where(id: 123).annotate("this is a comment").to_sql
-    # SELECT "posts".* FROM "posts" WHERE "posts"."id" = 123 /* this is a comment */
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Allow default to be configured for Enum.
+
+    ```ruby
+    class Book < ActiveRecord::Base
+      enum status: [:proposed, :written, :published], _default: :published
+    end
+
+    Book.new.status # => "published"
     ```
 
-    This can be useful in instrumentation or other analysis of issued queries.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Matt Yoho*
+*   Deprecate YAML loading from legacy format older than Rails 5.0.
 
-*   Support Optimizer Hints.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    In most databases, a way to control the optimizer is by using optimizer hints,
-    which can be specified within individual statements.
+*   Added the setting `ActiveRecord::Base.immutable_strings_by_default`, which
+    allows you to specify that all string columns should be frozen unless
+    otherwise specified. This will reduce memory pressure for applications which
+    do not generally mutate string properties of Active Record objects.
 
-    Example (for MySQL):
+    *Sean Griffin*, *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-        Topic.optimizer_hints("MAX_EXECUTION_TIME(50000)", "NO_INDEX_MERGE(topics)")
-        # SELECT /*+ MAX_EXECUTION_TIME(50000) NO_INDEX_MERGE(topics) */ `topics`.* FROM `topics`
+*   Deprecate `map!` and `collect!` on `ActiveRecord::Result`.
 
-    Example (for PostgreSQL with pg_hint_plan):
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Support `relation.and` for intersection as Set theory.
 
-        Topic.optimizer_hints("SeqScan(topics)", "Parallel(topics 8)")
-        # SELECT /*+ SeqScan(topics) Parallel(topics 8) */ "topics".* FROM "topics"
+    ```ruby
+    david_and_mary = Author.where(id: [david, mary])
+    mary_and_bob   = Author.where(id: [mary, bob])
 
-    See also:
+    david_and_mary.merge(mary_and_bob) # => [mary, bob]
 
-    * https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/optimizer-hints.html
-    * https://pghintplan.osdn.jp/pg_hint_plan.html
-    * https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/12.2/tgsql/influencing-the-optimizer.html
-    * https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/hints-transact-sql-query?view=sql-server-2017
-    * https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/SSEPGG_11.1.0/com.ibm.db2.luw.admin.perf.doc/doc/c0070117.html
+    david_and_mary.and(mary_and_bob) # => [mary]
+    david_and_mary.or(mary_and_bob)  # => [david, mary, bob]
+    ```
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Fix query attribute method on user-defined attribute to be aware of typecasted value.
+*   Merging conditions on the same column no longer maintain both conditions,
+    and will be consistently replaced by the latter condition in Rails 7.0.
+    To migrate to Rails 7.0's behavior, use `relation.merge(other, rewhere: true)`.
+
+    ```ruby
+    # Rails 6.1 (IN clause is replaced by merger side equality condition)
+    Author.where(id: [david.id, mary.id]).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => [bob]
+
+    # Rails 6.1 (both conflict conditions exists, deprecated)
+    Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => []
 
-    For example, the following code no longer return false as casted non-empty string:
+    # Rails 6.1 with rewhere to migrate to Rails 7.0's behavior
+    Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id).merge(Author.where(id: bob), rewhere: true) # => [bob]
 
+    # Rails 7.0 (same behavior with IN clause, mergee side condition is consistently replaced)
+    Author.where(id: [david.id, mary.id]).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => [bob]
+    Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => [bob]
     ```
-    class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
-      attribute :user_defined_text, :text
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Do not mark Postgresql MAC address and UUID attributes as changed when the assigned value only varies by case.
+
+    *Peter Fry*
+
+*   Resolve issue with insert_all unique_by option when used with expression index.
+
+    When the `:unique_by` option of `ActiveRecord::Persistence.insert_all` and
+    `ActiveRecord::Persistence.upsert_all` was used with the name of an expression index, an error
+    was raised. Adding a guard around the formatting behavior for the `:unique_by` corrects this.
+
+    Usage:
+
+    ```ruby
+    create_table :books, id: :integer, force: true do |t|
+      t.column :name, :string
+      t.index "lower(name)", unique: true
     end
 
-    Post.new(user_defined_text: "false").user_defined_text? # => true
+    Book.insert_all [{ name: "MyTest" }], unique_by: :index_books_on_lower_name
     ```
 
-    *Yuji Kamijima*
+    Fixes #39516.
 
-*   Quote empty ranges like other empty enumerables.
+    *Austen Madden*
 
-    *Patrick Rebsch*
+*   Add basic support for CHECK constraints to database migrations.
 
-*   Add `insert_all`/`insert_all!`/`upsert_all` methods to `ActiveRecord::Persistence`,
-    allowing bulk inserts akin to the bulk updates provided by `update_all` and
-    bulk deletes by `delete_all`.
+    Usage:
 
-    Supports skipping or upserting duplicates through the `ON CONFLICT` syntax
-    for PostgreSQL (9.5+) and SQLite (3.24+) and `ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE` syntax
-    for MySQL.
+    ```ruby
+    add_check_constraint :products, "price > 0", name: "price_check"
+    remove_check_constraint :products, name: "price_check"
+    ```
 
-    *Bob Lail*
+    *fatkodima*
 
-*   Add `rails db:seed:replant` that truncates tables of each database
-    for current environment and loads the seeds.
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.strict_loading_by_default` and `ActiveRecord::Base.strict_loading_by_default=`
+    to enable/disable strict_loading mode by default for a model. The configuration's value is
+    inheritable by subclasses, but they can override that value and it will not impact parent class.
 
-    *bogdanvlviv*, *DHH*
+    Usage:
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.connection.truncate` for SQLite3 adapter.
+    ```ruby
+    class Developer < ApplicationRecord
+      self.strict_loading_by_default = true
 
-    *bogdanvlviv*
+      has_many :projects
+    end
 
-*   Deprecate mismatched collation comparison for uniqueness validator.
+    dev = Developer.first
+    dev.projects.first
+    # => ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError Exception: Developer is marked as strict_loading and Project cannot be lazily loaded.
+    ```
 
-    Uniqueness validator will no longer enforce case sensitive comparison in Rails 6.1.
-    To continue case sensitive comparison on the case insensitive column,
-    pass `case_sensitive: true` option explicitly to the uniqueness validator.
+    *bogdanvlviv*
+
+*   Deprecate passing an Active Record object to `quote`/`type_cast` directly.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Add `reselect` method. This is a short-hand for `unscope(:select).select(fields)`.
+*   Default engine `ENGINE=InnoDB` is no longer dumped to make schema more agnostic.
 
-    Fixes #27340.
+    Before:
 
-    *Willian Gustavo Veiga*
+    ```ruby
+    create_table "accounts", options: "ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci", force: :cascade do |t|
+    end
+    ```
 
-*   Add negative scopes for all enum values.
+    After:
 
-    Example:
+    ```ruby
+    create_table "accounts", charset: "utf8mb4", collation: "utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci", force: :cascade do |t|
+    end
+    ```
 
-        class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
-          enum status: %i[ drafted active trashed ]
-        end
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-        Post.not_drafted # => where.not(status: :drafted)
-        Post.not_active  # => where.not(status: :active)
-        Post.not_trashed # => where.not(status: :trashed)
+*   Added delegated type as an alternative to single-table inheritance for representing class hierarchies.
+    See ActiveRecord::DelegatedType for the full description.
 
     *DHH*
 
-*   Fix different `count` calculation when using `size` with manual `select` with DISTINCT.
+*   Deprecate aggregations with group by duplicated fields.
 
-    Fixes #35214.
+    To migrate to Rails 7.0's behavior, use `uniq!(:group)` to deduplicate group fields.
 
-    *Juani Villarejo*
+    ```ruby
+    accounts = Account.group(:firm_id)
+
+    # duplicated group fields, deprecated.
+    accounts.merge(accounts.where.not(credit_limit: nil)).sum(:credit_limit)
+    # => {
+    #   [1, 1] => 50,
+    #   [2, 2] => 60
+    # }
+
+    # use `uniq!(:group)` to deduplicate group fields.
+    accounts.merge(accounts.where.not(credit_limit: nil)).uniq!(:group).sum(:credit_limit)
+    # => {
+    #   1 => 50,
+    #   2 => 60
+    # }
+    ```
 
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-## Rails 6.0.0.beta3 (March 11, 2019) ##
+*   Deprecate duplicated query annotations.
 
-*   No changes.
+    To migrate to Rails 7.0's behavior, use `uniq!(:annotate)` to deduplicate query annotations.
 
+    ```ruby
+    accounts = Account.where(id: [1, 2]).annotate("david and mary")
 
-## Rails 6.0.0.beta2 (February 25, 2019) ##
+    # duplicated annotations, deprecated.
+    accounts.merge(accounts.rewhere(id: 3))
+    # SELECT accounts.* FROM accounts WHERE accounts.id = 3 /* david and mary */ /* david and mary */
 
-*   Fix prepared statements caching to be enabled even when query caching is enabled.
+    # use `uniq!(:annotate)` to deduplicate annotations.
+    accounts.merge(accounts.rewhere(id: 3)).uniq!(:annotate)
+    # SELECT accounts.* FROM accounts WHERE accounts.id = 3 /* david and mary */
+    ```
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Ensure `update_all` series cares about optimistic locking.
+*   Resolve conflict between counter cache and optimistic locking.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    Bump an Active Record instance's lock version after updating its counter
+    cache. This avoids raising an unnecessary `ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError`
+    upon subsequent transactions by maintaining parity with the corresponding
+    database record's `lock_version` column.
 
-*   Don't allow `where` with non numeric string matches to 0 values.
+    Fixes #16449.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Aaron Lipman*
 
-*   Introduce `ActiveRecord::Relation#destroy_by` and `ActiveRecord::Relation#delete_by`.
+*   Support merging option `:rewhere` to allow mergee side condition to be replaced exactly.
 
-    `destroy_by` allows relation to find all the records matching the condition and perform
-    `destroy_all` on the matched records.
+    ```ruby
+    david_and_mary = Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id)
 
-    Example:
+    # both conflict conditions exists
+    david_and_mary.merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => []
 
-        Person.destroy_by(name: 'David')
-        Person.destroy_by(name: 'David', rating: 4)
+    # mergee side condition is replaced by rewhere
+    david_and_mary.merge(Author.rewhere(id: bob)) # => [bob]
 
-        david = Person.find_by(name: 'David')
-        david.posts.destroy_by(id: [1, 2, 3])
+    # mergee side condition is replaced by rewhere option
+    david_and_mary.merge(Author.where(id: bob), rewhere: true) # => [bob]
+    ```
 
-    `delete_by` allows relation to find all the records matching the condition and perform
-    `delete_all` on the matched records.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    Example:
+*   Add support for finding records based on signed ids, which are tamper-proof, verified ids that can be
+    set to expire and scoped with a purpose. This is particularly useful for things like password reset
+    or email verification, where you want the bearer of the signed id to be able to interact with the
+    underlying record, but usually only within a certain time period.
 
-        Person.delete_by(name: 'David')
-        Person.delete_by(name: 'David', rating: 4)
+    ```ruby
+    signed_id = User.first.signed_id expires_in: 15.minutes, purpose: :password_reset
 
-        david = Person.find_by(name: 'David')
-        david.posts.delete_by(id: [1, 2, 3])
+    User.find_signed signed_id # => nil, since the purpose does not match
 
-    *Abhay Nikam*
+    travel 16.minutes
+    User.find_signed signed_id, purpose: :password_reset # => nil, since the signed id has expired
 
-*   Don't allow `where` with invalid value matches to nil values.
+    travel_back
+    User.find_signed signed_id, purpose: :password_reset # => User.first
 
-    Fixes #33624.
+    User.find_signed! "bad data" # => ActiveSupport::MessageVerifier::InvalidSignature
+    ```
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *DHH*
 
-*   SQLite3: Implement `add_foreign_key` and `remove_foreign_key`.
+*   Support `ALGORITHM = INSTANT` DDL option for index operations on MySQL.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Deprecate using class level querying methods if the receiver scope
-    regarded as leaked. Use `klass.unscoped` to avoid the leaking scope.
+*   Fix index creation to preserve index comment in bulk change table on MySQL.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Allow applications to automatically switch connections.
+*   Allow `unscope` to be aware of table name qualified values.
+
+    It is possible to unscope only the column in the specified table.
 
-    Adds a middleware and configuration options that can be used in your
-    application to automatically switch between the writing and reading
-    database connections.
+    ```ruby
+    posts = Post.joins(:comments).group(:"posts.hidden")
+    posts = posts.where("posts.hidden": false, "comments.hidden": false)
 
-    `GET` and `HEAD` requests will read from the replica unless there was
-    a write in the last 2 seconds, otherwise they will read from the primary.
-    Non-get requests will always write to the primary. The middleware accepts
-    an argument for a Resolver class and an Operations class where you are able
-    to change how the auto-switcher works to be most beneficial for your
-    application.
+    posts.count
+    # => { false => 10 }
 
-    To use the middleware in your application you can use the following
-    configuration options:
+    # unscope both hidden columns
+    posts.unscope(where: :hidden).count
+    # => { false => 11, true => 1 }
 
+    # unscope only comments.hidden column
+    posts.unscope(where: :"comments.hidden").count
+    # => { false => 11 }
     ```
-    config.active_record.database_selector = { delay: 2.seconds }
-    config.active_record.database_resolver = ActiveRecord::Middleware::DatabaseSelector::Resolver
-    config.active_record.database_resolver_context = ActiveRecord::Middleware::DatabaseSelector::Resolver::Session
-    ```
 
-    To change the database selection strategy, pass a custom class to the
-    configuration options:
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*, *Slava Korolev*
+
+*   Fix `rewhere` to truly overwrite collided where clause by new where clause.
+
+    ```ruby
+    steve = Person.find_by(name: "Steve")
+    david = Author.find_by(name: "David")
+
+    relation = Essay.where(writer: steve)
+
+    # Before
+    relation.rewhere(writer: david).to_a # => []
 
+    # After
+    relation.rewhere(writer: david).to_a # => [david]
     ```
-    config.active_record.database_selector = { delay: 10.seconds }
-    config.active_record.database_resolver = MyResolver
-    config.active_record.database_resolver_context = MyResolver::MyCookies
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Inspect time attributes with subsec and time zone offset.
+
+    ```ruby
+    p Knot.create
+    => #<Knot id: 1, created_at: "2016-05-05 01:29:47.116928000 +0000">
     ```
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+    *akinomaeni*, *Jonathan Hefner*
 
-*   MySQL: Support `:size` option to change text and blob size.
+*   Deprecate passing a column to `type_cast`.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Make `t.timestamps` with precision by default.
+*   Deprecate `in_clause_length` and `allowed_index_name_length` in `DatabaseLimits`.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
+*   Support bulk insert/upsert on relation to preserve scope values.
 
-## Rails 6.0.0.beta1 (January 18, 2019) ##
+    *Josef Šimánek*, *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Remove deprecated `#set_state` from the transaction object.
+*   Preserve column comment value on changing column name on MySQL.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    *Islam Taha*
 
-*   Remove deprecated `#supports_statement_cache?` from the database adapters.
+*   Add support for `if_exists` option for removing an index.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    The `remove_index` method can take an `if_exists` option. If this is set to true an error won't be raised if the index doesn't exist.
 
-*   Remove deprecated `#insert_fixtures` from the database adapters.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+*   Remove ibm_db, informix, mssql, oracle, and oracle12 Arel visitors which are not used in the code base.
 
-*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter#valid_alter_table_type?`.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+*   Prevent `build_association` from `touching` a parent record if the record isn't persisted for `has_one` associations.
 
-*   Do not allow passing the column name to `sum` when a block is passed.
+    Fixes #38219.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    *Josh Brody*
 
-*   Do not allow passing the column name to `count` when a block is passed.
+*   Add support for `if_not_exists` option for adding index.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    The `add_index` method respects `if_not_exists` option. If it is set to true
+    index won't be added.
 
-*   Remove delegation of missing methods in a relation to arel.
+    Usage:
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    ```ruby
+      add_index :users, :account_id, if_not_exists: true
+    ```
 
-*   Remove delegation of missing methods in a relation to private methods of the class.
+    The `if_not_exists` option passed to `create_table` also gets propagated to indexes
+    created within that migration so that if table and its indexes exist then there is no
+    attempt to create them again.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    *Prathamesh Sonpatki*
 
-*   Deprecate `config.active_record.sqlite3.represent_boolean_as_integer`.
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base#previously_new_record?` to show if a record was new before the last save.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    *Tom Ward*
 
-*   Change `SQLite3Adapter` to always represent boolean values as integers.
+*   Support descending order for `find_each`, `find_in_batches`, and `in_batches`.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    Batch processing methods allow you to work with the records in batches, greatly reducing memory consumption, but records are always batched from oldest id to newest.
 
-*   Remove ability to specify a timestamp name for `#cache_key`.
+    This change allows reversing the order, batching from newest to oldest. This is useful when you need to process newer batches of records first.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    Pass `order: :desc` to yield batches in descending order. The default remains `order: :asc`.
 
-*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Migrator.migrations_path=`.
+    ```ruby
+    Person.find_each(order: :desc) do |person|
+      person.party_all_night!
+    end
+    ```
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    *Alexey Vasiliev*
 
-*   Remove deprecated `expand_hash_conditions_for_aggregates`.
+*   Fix `insert_all` with enum values.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    Fixes #38716.
 
-*   Set polymorphic type column to NULL on `dependent: :nullify` strategy.
+    *Joel Blum*
 
-    On polymorphic associations both the foreign key and the foreign type columns will be set to NULL.
+*   Add support for `db:rollback:name` for multiple database applications.
 
-    *Laerti Papa*
+    Multiple database applications will now raise if `db:rollback` is call and recommend using the `db:rollback:[NAME]` to rollback migrations.
 
-*   Allow permitted instance of `ActionController::Parameters` as argument of `ActiveRecord::Relation#exists?`.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+*   `Relation#pick` now uses already loaded results instead of making another query.
 
-*   Add support for endless ranges introduces in Ruby 2.6.
+    *Eugene Kenny*
 
-    *Greg Navis*
+*   Deprecate using `return`, `break` or `throw` to exit a transaction block after writes.
 
-*   Deprecate passing `migrations_paths` to `connection.assume_migrated_upto_version`.
+    *Dylan Thacker-Smith*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Dump the schema or structure of a database when calling `db:migrate:name`.
 
-*   MySQL: `ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC` create table option by default.
+    In previous versions of Rails, `rails db:migrate` would dump the schema of the database. In Rails 6, that holds true (`rails db:migrate` dumps all databases' schemas), but `rails db:migrate:name` does not share that behavior.
 
-    Since MySQL 5.7.9, the `innodb_default_row_format` option defines the default row
-    format for InnoDB tables. The default setting is `DYNAMIC`.
-    The row format is required for indexing on `varchar(255)` with `utf8mb4` columns.
+    Going forward, calls to `rails db:migrate:name` will dump the schema (or structure) of the database being migrated.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Kyle Thompson*
 
-*   Fix join table column quoting with SQLite.
+*   Reset the `ActiveRecord::Base` connection after `rails db:migrate:name`.
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    When `rails db:migrate` has finished, it ensures the `ActiveRecord::Base` connection is reset to its original configuration. Going forward, `rails db:migrate:name` will have the same behavior.
 
-*   Allow disabling scopes generated by `ActiveRecord.enum`.
+    *Kyle Thompson*
 
-    *Alfred Dominic*
+*   Disallow calling `connected_to` on subclasses of `ActiveRecord::Base`.
 
-*   Ensure that `delete_all` on collection proxy returns affected count.
+    Behavior has not changed here but the previous API could be misleading to people who thought it would switch connections for only that class. `connected_to` switches the context from which we are getting connections, not the connections themselves.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   Reset scope after delete on collection association to clear stale offsets of removed records.
+*   Add support for horizontal sharding to `connects_to` and `connected_to`.
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    Applications can now connect to multiple shards and switch between their shards in an application. Note that the shard swapping is still a manual process as this change does not include an API for automatic shard swapping.
 
-*   Add the ability to prevent writes to a database for the duration of a block.
+    Usage:
 
-    Allows the application to prevent writes to a database. This can be useful when
-    you're building out multiple databases and want to make sure you're not sending
-    writes when you want a read.
+    Given the following configuration:
 
-    If `while_preventing_writes` is called and the query is considered a write
-    query the database will raise an exception regardless of whether the database
-    user is able to write.
+    ```yaml
+    # config/database.yml
+    production:
+      primary:
+        database: my_database
+      primary_shard_one:
+        database: my_database_shard_one
+    ```
 
-    This is not meant to be a catch-all for write queries but rather a way to enforce
-    read-only queries without opening a second connection. One purpose of this is to
-    catch accidental writes, not all writes.
+    Connect to multiple shards:
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+    ```ruby
+    class ApplicationRecord < ActiveRecord::Base
+      self.abstract_class = true
 
-*   Allow aliased attributes to be used in `#update_columns` and `#update`.
+      connects_to shards: {
+        default: { writing: :primary },
+        shard_one: { writing: :primary_shard_one }
+      }
+    ```
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    Swap between shards in your controller / model code:
 
-*   Allow spaces in postgres table names.
+    ```ruby
+    ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(shard: :shard_one) do
+      # Read from shard one
+    end
+    ```
 
-    Fixes issue where "user post" is misinterpreted as "\"user\".\"post\"" when quoting table names with the postgres adapter.
+    The horizontal sharding API also supports read replicas. See guides for more details.
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
+
+*   Deprecate `spec_name` in favor of `name` on database configurations.
 
-*   Cached `columns_hash` fields should be excluded from `ResultSet#column_types`.
+    The accessors for `spec_name` on `configs_for` and `DatabaseConfig` are deprecated. Please use `name` instead.
 
-    PR #34528 addresses the inconsistent behaviour when attribute is defined for an ignored column. The following test
-    was passing for SQLite and MySQL, but failed for PostgreSQL:
+    Deprecated behavior:
 
     ```ruby
-    class DeveloperName < ActiveRecord::Type::String
-      def deserialize(value)
-        "Developer: #{value}"
-      end
-    end
+    db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "development", spec_name: "primary")
+    db_config.spec_name
+    ```
 
-    class AttributedDeveloper < ActiveRecord::Base
-      self.table_name = "developers"
+    New behavior:
 
-      attribute :name, DeveloperName.new
+    ```ruby
+    db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "development", name: "primary")
+    db_config.name
+    ```
 
-      self.ignored_columns += ["name"]
-    end
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+
+*   Add additional database-specific rake tasks for multi-database users.
 
-    developer = AttributedDeveloper.create
-    developer.update_column :name, "name"
+    Previously, `rails db:create`, `rails db:drop`, and `rails db:migrate` were the only rails tasks that could operate on a single
+    database. For example:
 
-    loaded_developer = AttributedDeveloper.where(id: developer.id).select("*").first
-    puts loaded_developer.name # should be "Developer: name" but it's just "name"
+    ```
+    rails db:create
+    rails db:create:primary
+    rails db:create:animals
+    rails db:drop
+    rails db:drop:primary
+    rails db:drop:animals
+    rails db:migrate
+    rails db:migrate:primary
+    rails db:migrate:animals
     ```
 
-    *Dmitry Tsepelev*
+    With these changes, `rails db:schema:dump`, `rails db:schema:load`, `rails db:structure:dump`, `rails db:structure:load` and
+    `rails db:test:prepare` can additionally operate on a single database. For example:
 
-*   Make the implicit order column configurable.
+    ```
+    rails db:schema:dump
+    rails db:schema:dump:primary
+    rails db:schema:dump:animals
+    rails db:schema:load
+    rails db:schema:load:primary
+    rails db:schema:load:animals
+    rails db:structure:dump
+    rails db:structure:dump:primary
+    rails db:structure:dump:animals
+    rails db:structure:load
+    rails db:structure:load:primary
+    rails db:structure:load:animals
+    rails db:test:prepare
+    rails db:test:prepare:primary
+    rails db:test:prepare:animals
+    ```
 
-    When calling ordered finder methods such as `first` or `last` without an
-    explicit order clause, ActiveRecord sorts records by primary key. This can
-    result in unpredictable and surprising behaviour when the primary key is
-    not an auto-incrementing integer, for example when it's a UUID. This change
-    makes it possible to override the column used for implicit ordering such
-    that `first` and `last` will return more predictable results.
+    *Kyle Thompson*
 
-    Example:
+*   Add support for `strict_loading` mode on association declarations.
 
-        class Project < ActiveRecord::Base
-          self.implicit_order_column = "created_at"
-        end
+    Raise an error if attempting to load a record from an association that has been marked as `strict_loading` unless it was explicitly eager loaded.
 
-    *Tekin Suleyman*
+    Usage:
 
-*   Bump minimum PostgreSQL version to 9.3.
+    ```ruby
+    class Developer < ApplicationRecord
+      has_many :projects, strict_loading: true
+    end
 
-    *Yasuo Honda*
+    dev = Developer.first
+    dev.projects.first
+    # => ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError: The projects association is marked as strict_loading and cannot be lazily loaded.
+    ```
 
-*   Values of enum are frozen, raising an error when attempting to modify them.
+    *Kevin Deisz*
 
-    *Emmanuel Byrd*
+*   Add support for `strict_loading` mode to prevent lazy loading of records.
 
-*   Move `ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid` SQL to error property and include binds as separate error property.
+    Raise an error if a parent record is marked as `strict_loading` and attempts to lazily load its associations. This is useful for finding places you may want to preload an association and avoid additional queries.
 
-    `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractAdapter#translate_exception_class` now requires `binds` to be passed as the last argument.
+    Usage:
+
+    ```ruby
+    dev = Developer.strict_loading.first
+    dev.audit_logs.to_a
+    # => ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError: Developer is marked as strict_loading and AuditLog cannot be lazily loaded.
+    ```
 
-    `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractAdapter#translate_exception` now requires `message`, `sql`, and `binds` to be passed as keyword arguments.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *Aaron Patterson*
 
-    Subclasses of `ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid` must now provide `sql:` and `binds:` arguments to `super`.
+*   Add support for PostgreSQL 11+ partitioned indexes when using `upsert_all`.
 
-    Example:
+    *Sebastián Palma*
+
+*   Adds support for `if_not_exists` to `add_column` and `if_exists` to `remove_column`.
+
+    Applications can set their migrations to ignore exceptions raised when adding a column that already exists or when removing a column that does not exist.
 
+    Example Usage:
+
+    ```ruby
+    class AddColumnTitle < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.1]
+      def change
+        add_column :posts, :title, :string, if_not_exists: true
+      end
+    end
     ```
-    class MySubclassedError < ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid
-      def initialize(message, sql:, binds:)
-        super(message, sql: sql, binds: binds)
+
+    ```ruby
+    class RemoveColumnTitle < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.1]
+      def change
+        remove_column :posts, :title, if_exists: true
       end
     end
     ```
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-*   Add an `:if_not_exists` option to `create_table`.
+*   Regexp-escape table name for MS SQL Server.
 
-    Example:
+    Add `Regexp.escape` to one method in ActiveRecord, so that table names with regular expression characters in them work as expected. Since MS SQL Server uses "[" and "]" to quote table and column names, and those characters are regular expression characters, methods like `pluck` and `select` fail in certain cases when used with the MS SQL Server adapter.
 
-        create_table :posts, if_not_exists: true do |t|
-          t.string :title
-        end
+    *Larry Reid*
 
-    That would execute:
+*   Store advisory locks on their own named connection.
 
-        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS posts (
-          ...
-        )
+    Previously advisory locks were taken out against a connection when a migration started. This works fine in single database applications but doesn't work well when migrations need to open new connections which results in the lock getting dropped.
 
-    If the table already exists, `if_not_exists: false` (the default) raises an
-    exception whereas `if_not_exists: true` does nothing.
+    In order to fix this we are storing the advisory lock on a new connection with the connection specification name `AdvisoryLockBase`. The caveat is that we need to maintain at least 2 connections to a database while migrations are running in order to do this.
 
-    *fatkodima*, *Stefan Kanev*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   Defining an Enum as a Hash with blank key, or as an Array with a blank value, now raises an `ArgumentError`.
+*   Allow schema cache path to be defined in the database configuration file.
 
-    *Christophe Maximin*
+    For example:
 
-*   Adds support for multiple databases to `rails db:schema:cache:dump` and `rails db:schema:cache:clear`.
+    ```yaml
+    development:
+      adapter: postgresql
+      database: blog_development
+      pool: 5
+      schema_cache_path: tmp/schema/main.yml
+    ```
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    *Katrina Owen*
 
-*   `update_columns` now correctly raises `ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError`
-    if the attribute does not exist.
+*   Deprecate `#remove_connection` in favor of `#remove_connection_pool` when called on the handler.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    `#remove_connection` is deprecated in order to support returning a `DatabaseConfig` object instead of a `Hash`. Use `#remove_connection_pool`, `#remove_connection` will be removed in Rails 7.0.
 
-*   Add support for hash and URL configs in database hash of `ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to`.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    ````
-    User.connected_to(database: { writing: "postgres://foo" }) do
-      User.create!(name: "Gannon")
-    end
+*   Deprecate `#default_hash` and it's alias `#[]` on database configurations.
 
-    config = { "adapter" => "sqlite3", "database" => "db/readonly.sqlite3" }
-    User.connected_to(database: { reading: config }) do
-      User.count
-    end
-    ````
+    Applications should use `configs_for`. `#default_hash` and `#[]` will be removed in Rails 7.0.
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   Support default expression for MySQL.
+*   Add scale support to `ActiveRecord::Validations::NumericalityValidator`.
 
-    MySQL 8.0.13 and higher supports default value to be a function or expression.
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-    https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/create-table.html
+*   Find orphans by looking for missing relations through chaining `where.missing`:
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    Before:
 
-*   Support expression indexes for MySQL.
+    ```ruby
+    Post.left_joins(:author).where(authors: { id: nil })
+    ```
 
-    MySQL 8.0.13 and higher supports functional key parts that index
-    expression values rather than column or column prefix values.
+    After:
 
-    https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/create-index.html
+    ```ruby
+    Post.where.missing(:author)
+    ```
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Tom Rossi*
 
-*   Fix collection cache key with limit and custom select to avoid ambiguous timestamp column error.
+*   Ensure `:reading` connections always raise if a write is attempted.
 
-    Fixes #33056.
+    Now Rails will raise an `ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyError` if any connection on the reading handler attempts to make a write. If your reading role needs to write you should name the role something other than `:reading`.
 
-    *Federico Martinez*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-*   Add basic API for connection switching to support multiple databases.
+*   Deprecate `"primary"` as the `connection_specification_name` for `ActiveRecord::Base`.
 
-    1) Adds a `connects_to` method for models to connect to multiple databases. Example:
+    `"primary"` has been deprecated as the `connection_specification_name` for `ActiveRecord::Base` in favor of using `"ActiveRecord::Base"`. This change affects calls to `ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handler.retrieve_connection` and `ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handler.remove_connection`. If you're calling these methods with `"primary"`, please switch to `"ActiveRecord::Base"`.
 
-    ```
-    class AnimalsModel < ApplicationRecord
-      self.abstract_class = true
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-      connects_to database: { writing: :animals_primary, reading: :animals_replica }
-    end
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Validations::NumericalityValidator` with
+    support for casting floats using a database columns' precision value.
 
-    class Dog < AnimalsModel
-      # connected to both the animals_primary db for writing and the animals_replica for reading
-    end
-    ```
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-    2) Adds a `connected_to` block method for switching connection roles or connecting to
-    a database that the model didn't connect to. Connecting to the database in this block is
-    useful when you have another defined connection, for example `slow_replica` that you don't
-    want to connect to by default but need in the console, or a specific code block.
+*   Enforce fresh ETag header after a collection's contents change by adding
+    ActiveRecord::Relation#cache_key_with_version. This method will be used by
+    ActionController::ConditionalGet to ensure that when collection cache versioning
+    is enabled, requests using ConditionalGet don't return the same ETag header
+    after a collection is modified.
 
-    ```
-    ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :reading) do
-      Dog.first # finds dog from replica connected to AnimalsBase
-      Book.first # doesn't have a reading connection, will raise an error
-    end
-    ```
+    Fixes #38078.
 
-    ```
-    ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(database: :slow_replica) do
-      SlowReplicaModel.first # if the db config has a slow_replica configuration this will be used to do the lookup, otherwise this will throw an exception
-    end
-    ```
-
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+    *Aaron Lipman*
 
-*   Enum raises on invalid definition values
+*   Skip test database when running `db:create` or `db:drop` in development
+    with `DATABASE_URL` set.
 
-    When defining a Hash enum it can be easy to use `[]` instead of `{}`. This
-    commit checks that only valid definition values are provided, those can
-    be a Hash, an array of Symbols or an array of Strings. Otherwise it
-    raises an `ArgumentError`.
+    *Brian Buchalter*
 
-    Fixes #33961
+*   Don't allow mutations on the database configurations hash.
 
-    *Alberto Almagro*
+    Freeze the configurations hash to disallow directly changing it. If applications need to change the hash, for example to create databases for parallelization, they should use the `DatabaseConfig` object directly.
 
-*   Reloading associations now clears the Query Cache like `Persistence#reload` does.
+    Before:
 
+    ```ruby
+    @db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "test", spec_name: "primary")
+    @db_config.configuration_hash.merge!(idle_timeout: "0.02")
     ```
-    class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
-      has_one :category
-      belongs_to :author
-      has_many :comments
-    end
 
-    # Each of the following will now clear the query cache.
-    post.reload_category
-    post.reload_author
-    post.comments.reload
+    After:
+
+    ```ruby
+    @db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "test", spec_name: "primary")
+    config = @db_config.configuration_hash.merge(idle_timeout: "0.02")
+    db_config = ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::HashConfig.new(@db_config.env_name, @db_config.spec_name, config)
     ```
 
-    *Christophe Maximin*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   Added `index` option for `change_table` migration helpers.
-    With this change you can create indexes while adding new
-    columns into the existing tables.
+*   Remove `:connection_id` from the `sql.active_record` notification.
 
-    Example:
+    *Aaron Patterson*, *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-        change_table(:languages) do |t|
-          t.string :country_code, index: true
-        end
+*   The `:name` key will no longer be returned as part of `DatabaseConfig#configuration_hash`. Please use `DatabaseConfig#owner_name` instead.
 
-    *Mehmet Emin İNAÇ*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   Fix `transaction` reverting for migrations.
+*   ActiveRecord's `belongs_to_required_by_default` flag can now be set per model.
 
-    Before: Commands inside a `transaction` in a reverted migration ran uninverted.
-    Now: This change fixes that by reverting commands inside `transaction` block.
+    You can now opt-out/opt-in specific models from having their associations required
+    by default.
 
-    *fatkodima*, *David Verhasselt*
+    This change is meant to ease the process of migrating all your models to have
+    their association required.
 
-*   Raise an error instead of scanning the filesystem root when `fixture_path` is blank.
+    *Edouard Chin*
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*, *Max Albrecht*
+*   The `connection_config` method has been deprecated, please use `connection_db_config` instead which will return a `DatabaseConfigurations::DatabaseConfig` instead of a `Hash`.
 
-*   Allow `ActiveRecord::Base.configurations=` to be set with a symbolized hash.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+*   Retain explicit selections on the base model after applying `includes` and `joins`.
 
-*   Don't update counter cache unless the record is actually saved.
+    Resolves #34889.
 
-    Fixes #31493, #33113, #33117.
+    *Patrick Rebsch*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   The `database` kwarg is deprecated without replacement because it can't be used for sharding and creates an issue if it's used during a request. Applications that need to create new connections should use `connects_to` instead.
 
-*   Deprecate `ActiveRecord::Result#to_hash` in favor of `ActiveRecord::Result#to_a`.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*, *Kevin Cheng*
+*   Allow attributes to be fetched from Arel node groupings.
 
-*   SQLite3 adapter supports expression indexes.
+    *Jeff Emminger*, *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-    ```
-    create_table :users do |t|
-      t.string :email
-    end
+*   A database URL can now contain a querystring value that contains an equal sign. This is needed to support passing PostgreSQL `options`.
 
-    add_index :users, 'lower(email)', name: 'index_users_on_email', unique: true
-    ```
+    *Joshua Flanagan*
 
-    *Gray Kemmey*
+*   Calling methods like `establish_connection` with a `Hash` which is invalid (eg: no `adapter`) will now raise an error the same way as connections defined in `config/database.yml`.
 
-*   Allow subclasses to redefine autosave callbacks for associated records.
+    *John Crepezzi*
 
-    Fixes #33305.
+*   Specifying `implicit_order_column` now subsorts the records by primary key if available to ensure deterministic results.
 
-    *Andrey Subbota*
+    *Paweł Urbanek*
 
-*   Bump minimum MySQL version to 5.5.8.
+*   `where(attr => [])` now loads an empty result without making a query.
 
-    *Yasuo Honda*
+    *John Hawthorn*
 
-*   Use MySQL utf8mb4 character set by default.
+*   Fixed the performance regression for `primary_keys` introduced MySQL 8.0.
 
-    `utf8mb4` character set with 4-Byte encoding supports supplementary characters including emoji.
-    The previous default 3-Byte encoding character set `utf8` is not enough to support them.
+    *Hiroyuki Ishii*
 
-    *Yasuo Honda*
+*   Add support for `belongs_to` to `has_many` inversing.
 
-*   Fix duplicated record creation when using nested attributes with `create_with`.
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-    *Darwin Wu*
+*   Allow length configuration for `has_secure_token` method. The minimum length
+    is set at 24 characters.
 
-*   Configuration item `config.filter_parameters` could also filter out
-    sensitive values of database columns when calling `#inspect`.
-    We also added `ActiveRecord::Base::filter_attributes`/`=` in order to
-    specify sensitive attributes to specific model.
+    Before:
 
+    ```ruby
+    has_secure_token :auth_token
     ```
-    Rails.application.config.filter_parameters += [:credit_card_number, /phone/]
-    Account.last.inspect # => #<Account id: 123, name: "DHH", credit_card_number: [FILTERED], telephone_number: [FILTERED] ...>
-    SecureAccount.filter_attributes += [:name]
-    SecureAccount.last.inspect # => #<SecureAccount id: 42, name: [FILTERED], credit_card_number: [FILTERED] ...>
+
+    After:
+
+    ```ruby
+    has_secure_token :default_token             # 24 characters
+    has_secure_token :auth_token, length: 36    # 36 characters
+    has_secure_token :invalid_token, length: 12 # => ActiveRecord::SecureToken::MinimumLengthError
     ```
 
-    *Zhang Kang*, *Yoshiyuki Kinjo*
+    *Bernardo de Araujo*
 
-*   Deprecate `column_name_length`, `table_name_length`, `columns_per_table`,
-    `indexes_per_table`, `columns_per_multicolumn_index`, `sql_query_length`,
-    and `joins_per_query` methods in `DatabaseLimits`.
+*   Deprecate `DatabaseConfigurations#to_h`. These connection hashes are still available via `ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for`.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Eileen Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   `ActiveRecord::Base.configurations` now returns an object.
+*   Add `DatabaseConfig#configuration_hash` to return database configuration hashes with symbol keys, and use all symbol-key configuration hashes internally. Deprecate `DatabaseConfig#config` which returns a String-keyed `Hash` with the same values.
 
-    `ActiveRecord::Base.configurations` used to return a hash, but this
-    is an inflexible data model. In order to improve multiple-database
-    handling in Rails, we've changed this to return an object. Some methods
-    are provided to make the object behave hash-like in order to ease the
-    transition process. Since most applications don't manipulate the hash
-    we've decided to add backwards-compatible functionality that will throw
-    a deprecation warning if used, however calling `ActiveRecord::Base.configurations`
-    will use the new version internally and externally.
+    *John Crepezzi*, *Eileen Uchitelle*
 
-    For example, the following `database.yml`:
+*   Allow column names to be passed to `remove_index` positionally along with other options.
 
-    ```
-    development:
-      adapter: sqlite3
-      database: db/development.sqlite3
-    ```
+    Passing other options can be necessary to make `remove_index` correctly reversible.
 
-    Used to become a hash:
+    Before:
 
-    ```
-    { "development" => { "adapter" => "sqlite3", "database" => "db/development.sqlite3" } }
-    ```
+        add_index    :reports, :report_id               # => works
+        add_index    :reports, :report_id, unique: true # => works
+        remove_index :reports, :report_id               # => works
+        remove_index :reports, :report_id, unique: true # => ArgumentError
 
-    Is now converted into the following object:
+    After:
 
-    ```
-    #<ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations:0x00007fd1acbdf800 @configurations=[
-      #<ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::HashConfig:0x00007fd1acbded10 @env_name="development",
-        @spec_name="primary", @config={"adapter"=>"sqlite3", "database"=>"db/development.sqlite3"}>
-      ]
-    ```
+        remove_index :reports, :report_id, unique: true # => works
 
-    Iterating over the database configurations has also changed. Instead of
-    calling hash methods on the `configurations` hash directly, a new method `configs_for` has
-    been provided that allows you to select the correct configuration. `env_name` and
-    `spec_name` arguments are optional. For example, these return an array of
-    database config objects for the requested environment and a single database config object
-    will be returned for the requested environment and specification name respectively.
+    *Eugene Kenny*
 
-    ```
-    ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "development")
-    ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "development", spec_name: "primary")
-    ```
+*   Allow bulk `ALTER` statements to drop and recreate indexes with the same name.
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *Aaron Patterson*
+    *Eugene Kenny*
 
-*   Add database configuration to disable advisory locks.
+*   `insert`, `insert_all`, `upsert`, and `upsert_all` now clear the query cache.
 
-    ```
-    production:
-      adapter: postgresql
-      advisory_locks: false
-    ```
+    *Eugene Kenny*
 
-    *Guo Xiang*
+*   Call `while_preventing_writes` directly from `connected_to`.
 
-*   SQLite3 adapter `alter_table` method restores foreign keys.
+    In some cases application authors want to use the database switching middleware and make explicit calls with `connected_to`. It's possible for an app to turn off writes and not turn them back on by the time we call `connected_to(role: :writing)`.
 
-    *Yasuo Honda*
+    This change allows apps to fix this by assuming if a role is writing we want to allow writes, except in the case it's explicitly turned off.
 
-*   Allow `:to_table` option to `invert_remove_foreign_key`.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    Example:
+*   Improve detection of ActiveRecord::StatementTimeout with mysql2 adapter in the edge case when the query is terminated during filesort.
 
-       remove_foreign_key :accounts, to_table: :owners
+    *Kir Shatrov*
+
+*   Stop trying to read yaml file fixtures when loading Active Record fixtures.
 
-    *Nikolay Epifanov*, *Rich Chen*
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-*   Add environment & load_config dependency to `bin/rake db:seed` to enable
-    seed load in environments without Rails and custom DB configuration
+*   Deprecate `.reorder(nil)` with `.first` / `.first!` taking non-deterministic result.
 
-    *Tobias Bielohlawek*
+    To continue taking non-deterministic result, use `.take` / `.take!` instead.
 
-*   Fix default value for mysql time types with specified precision.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Nikolay Kondratyev*
+*   Preserve user supplied joins order as much as possible.
 
-*   Fix `touch` option to behave consistently with `Persistence#touch` method.
+    Fixes #36761, #34328, #24281, #12953.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Migrations raise when duplicate column definition.
+*   Allow `matches_regex` and `does_not_match_regexp` on the MySQL Arel visitor.
 
-    Fixes #33024.
+    *James Pearson*
+
+*   Allow specifying fixtures to be ignored by setting `ignore` in YAML file's '_fixture' section.
+
+    *Tongfei Gao*
+
+*   Make the DATABASE_URL env variable only affect the primary connection. Add new env variables for multiple databases.
+
+    *John Crepezzi*, *Eileen Uchitelle*
 
-    *Federico Martinez*
+*   Add a warning for enum elements with 'not_' prefix.
 
-*   Bump minimum SQLite version to 3.8
+        class Foo
+          enum status: [:sent, :not_sent]
+        end
 
-    *Yasuo Honda*
+    *Edu Depetris*
 
-*   Fix parent record should not get saved with duplicate children records.
+*   Make currency symbols optional for money column type in PostgreSQL.
 
-    Fixes #32940.
+    *Joel Schneider*
 
-    *Santosh Wadghule*
+*   Add support for beginless ranges, introduced in Ruby 2.7.
 
-*   Fix logic on disabling commit callbacks so they are not called unexpectedly when errors occur.
+    *Josh Goodall*
 
-    *Brian Durand*
+*   Add `database_exists?` method to connection adapters to check if a database exists.
 
-*   Ensure `Associations::CollectionAssociation#size` and `Associations::CollectionAssociation#empty?`
-    use loaded association ids if present.
+    *Guilherme Mansur*
 
-    *Graham Turner*
+*   Loading the schema for a model that has no `table_name` raises a `TableNotSpecified` error.
 
-*   Add support to preload associations of polymorphic associations when not all the records have the requested associations.
+    *Guilherme Mansur*, *Eugene Kenny*
 
-    *Dana Sherson*
+*   PostgreSQL: Fix GROUP BY with ORDER BY virtual count attribute.
 
-*   Add `touch_all` method to `ActiveRecord::Relation`.
+    Fixes #36022.
 
-    Example:
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-        Person.where(name: "David").touch_all(time: Time.new(2020, 5, 16, 0, 0, 0))
+*   Make ActiveRecord `ConnectionPool.connections` method thread-safe.
 
-    *fatkodima*, *duggiefresh*
+    Fixes #36465.
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.base_class?` predicate.
+    *Jeff Doering*
 
-    *Bogdan Gusiev*
+*   Add support for multiple databases to `rails db:abort_if_pending_migrations`.
 
-*   Add custom prefix/suffix options to `ActiveRecord::Store.store_accessor`.
+    *Mark Lee*
 
-    *Tan Huynh*, *Yukio Mizuta*
+*   Fix sqlite3 collation parsing when using decimal columns.
 
-*   Rails 6 requires Ruby 2.5.0 or newer.
+    *Martin R. Schuster*
 
-    *Jeremy Daer*, *Kasper Timm Hansen*
+*   Fix invalid schema when primary key column has a comment.
 
-*   Deprecate `update_attributes`/`!` in favor of `update`/`!`.
+    Fixes #29966.
 
-    *Eddie Lebow*
+    *Guilherme Goettems Schneider*
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.create_or_find_by`/`!` to deal with the SELECT/INSERT race condition in
-    `ActiveRecord::Base.find_or_create_by`/`!` by leaning on unique constraints in the database.
+*   Fix table comment also being applied to the primary key column.
 
-    *DHH*
+    *Guilherme Goettems Schneider*
 
-*   Add `Relation#pick` as short-hand for single-value plucks.
+*   Allow generated `create_table` migrations to include or skip timestamps.
 
-    *DHH*
+    *Michael Duchemin*
 
 
-Please check [5-2-stable](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/5-2-stable/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md) for previous changes.
+Please check [6-0-stable](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/6-0-stable/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md) for previous changes.