activerecord 6.0.6.1 → 6.1.7.3

data/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,6 +1,16 @@
-## Rails 6.0.6.1 (January 17, 2023) ##
+## Rails 6.1.7.3 (March 13, 2023) ##
 
-*   Make `sanitize_as_sql_comment` more strict
+*   No changes.
+
+
+## Rails 6.1.7.2 (January 24, 2023) ##
+
+*   No changes.
+
+
+## Rails 6.1.7.1 (January 17, 2023) ##
+
+*   Make sanitize_as_sql_comment more strict
 
     Though this method was likely never meant to take user input, it was
     attempting sanitization. That sanitization could be bypassed with
@@ -16,15 +26,38 @@
 
     [CVE-2023-22794]
 
+*   Added integer width check to PostgreSQL::Quoting
 
-## Rails 6.0.6 (September 09, 2022) ##
+    Given a value outside the range for a 64bit signed integer type
+    PostgreSQL will treat the column type as numeric. Comparing
+    integer values against numeric values can result in a slow
+    sequential scan.
+
+    This behavior is configurable via
+    ActiveRecord::Base.raise_int_wider_than_64bit which defaults to true.
+
+    [CVE-2022-44566]
+
+## Rails 6.1.7 (September 09, 2022) ##
 
 *   Symbol is allowed by default for YAML columns
 
     *Étienne Barrié*
 
+*   Fix `ActiveRecord::Store` to serialize as a regular Hash
+
+    Previously it would serialize as an `ActiveSupport::HashWithIndifferentAccess`
+    which is wasteful and cause problem with YAML safe_load.
+
+    *Jean Boussier*
+
+*   Fix PG.connect keyword arguments deprecation warning on ruby 2.7
+
+    Fixes #44307.
+
+    *Nikita Vasilevsky*
 
-## Rails 6.0.5.1 (July 12, 2022) ##
+## Rails 6.1.6.1 (July 12, 2022) ##
 
 *   Change ActiveRecord::Coders::YAMLColumn default to safe_load
 
@@ -52,1398 +85,1723 @@
     [CVE-2022-32224]
 
 
-## Rails 6.0.5 (May 09, 2022) ##
+## Rails 6.1.6 (May 09, 2022) ##
 
 *   No changes.
 
 
-## Rails 6.0.4.8 (April 26, 2022) ##
+## Rails 6.1.5.1 (April 26, 2022) ##
 
 *   No changes.
 
 
-## Rails 6.0.4.7 (March 08, 2022) ##
+## Rails 6.1.5 (March 09, 2022) ##
 
-*   No changes.
+*   Fix `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SchemaCache#deep_deduplicate` for Ruby 2.6.
 
+    Ruby 2.6 and 2.7 have slightly different implementations of the `String#-@` method.
+    In Ruby 2.6, the receiver of the `String#-@` method is modified under certain circumstances.
+    This was later identified as a bug (https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15926) and only
+    fixed in Ruby 2.7.
 
-## Rails 6.0.4.6 (February 11, 2022) ##
+    Before the changes in this commit, the
+    `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SchemaCache#deep_deduplicate` method, which internally
+    calls the `String#-@` method, could also modify an input string argument in Ruby 2.6 --
+    changing a tainted, unfrozen string into a tainted, frozen string.
 
-*   No changes.
+    Fixes #43056
 
+    *Eric O'Hanlon*
 
-## Rails 6.0.4.5 (February 11, 2022) ##
+*   Fix migration compatibility to create SQLite references/belongs_to column as integer when
+    migration version is 6.0.
 
-*   No changes.
+    `reference`/`belongs_to` in migrations with version 6.0 were creating columns as
+    bigint instead of integer for the SQLite Adapter.
 
+    *Marcelo Lauxen*
 
-## Rails 6.0.4.4 (December 15, 2021) ##
+*   Fix dbconsole for 3-tier config.
 
-*   No changes.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
+*   Better handle SQL queries with invalid encoding.
 
-## Rails 6.0.4.3 (December 14, 2021) ##
+    ```ruby
+    Post.create(name: "broken \xC8 UTF-8")
+    ```
 
-*   No changes.
+    Would cause all adapters to fail in a non controlled way in the code
+    responsible to detect write queries.
 
+    The query is now properly passed to the database connection, which might or might
+    not be able to handle it, but will either succeed or failed in a more correct way.
 
-## Rails 6.0.4.2 (December 14, 2021) ##
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-*   No changes.
+*   Ignore persisted in-memory records when merging target lists.
 
+    *Kevin Sjöberg*
 
-## Rails 6.0.4.1 (August 19, 2021) ##
+*   Fix regression bug that caused ignoring additional conditions for preloading
+    `has_many` through relations.
 
-*   No changes.
+    Fixes #43132
 
+    *Alexander Pauly*
 
-## Rails 6.0.4 (June 15, 2021) ##
+*   Fix `ActiveRecord::InternalMetadata` to not be broken by
+    `config.active_record.record_timestamps = false`
 
-*   Only warn about negative enums if a positive form that would cause conflicts exists.
+    Since the model always create the timestamp columns, it has to set them, otherwise it breaks
+    various DB management tasks.
 
-    Fixes #39065.
+    Fixes #42983
 
-    *Alex Ghiculescu*
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-*   Allow the inverse of a `has_one` association that was previously autosaved to be loaded.
+*   Fix duplicate active record objects on `inverse_of`.
 
-    Fixes #34255.
+    *Justin Carvalho*
 
-    *Steven Weber*
+*   Fix duplicate objects stored in has many association after save.
 
-*   Reset statement cache for association if `table_name` is changed.
+    Fixes #42549.
 
-    Fixes #36453.
+    *Alex Ghiculescu*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Fix performance regression in `CollectionAssocation#build`.
 
-*   Type cast extra select for eager loading.
+    *Alex Ghiculescu*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Fix retrieving default value for text column for MariaDB.
 
-*   Prevent collection associations from being autosaved multiple times.
+    *fatkodima*
 
-    Fixes #39173.
 
-    *Eugene Kenny*
+## Rails 6.1.4.7 (March 08, 2022) ##
 
-*   Resolve issue with insert_all unique_by option when used with expression index.
+*   No changes.
 
-    When the `:unique_by` option of `ActiveRecord::Persistence.insert_all` and
-    `ActiveRecord::Persistence.upsert_all` was used with the name of an expression index, an error
-    was raised. Adding a guard around the formatting behavior for the `:unique_by` corrects this.
 
-    Usage:
+## Rails 6.1.4.6 (February 11, 2022) ##
 
-    ```ruby
-    create_table :books, id: :integer, force: true do |t|
-      t.column :name, :string
-      t.index "lower(name)", unique: true
-    end
+*   No changes.
 
-    Book.insert_all [{ name: "MyTest" }], unique_by: :index_books_on_lower_name
-    ```
 
-    Fixes #39516.
+## Rails 6.1.4.5 (February 11, 2022) ##
 
-    *Austen Madden*
+*   No changes.
 
-*   Fix preloading for polymorphic association with custom scope.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+## Rails 6.1.4.4 (December 15, 2021) ##
 
-*   Allow relations with different SQL comments in the `or` method.
+*   No changes.
 
-    *Takumi Shotoku*
 
-*   Resolve conflict between counter cache and optimistic locking.
+## Rails 6.1.4.3 (December 14, 2021) ##
 
-    Bump an Active Record instance's lock version after updating its counter
-    cache. This avoids raising an unnecessary `ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError`
-    upon subsequent transactions by maintaining parity with the corresponding
-    database record's `lock_version` column.
+*   No changes.
 
-    Fixes #16449.
 
-    *Aaron Lipman*
+## Rails 6.1.4.2 (December 14, 2021) ##
 
-*   Fix through association with source/through scope which has joins.
+*   No changes.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Fix through association to respect source scope for includes/preload.
+## Rails 6.1.4.1 (August 19, 2021) ##
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   No changes.
 
-*   Fix eager load with Arel joins to maintain the original joins order.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+## Rails 6.1.4 (June 24, 2021) ##
 
-*   Fix group by count with eager loading + order + limit/offset.
+*   Do not try to rollback transactions that failed due to a `ActiveRecord::TransactionRollbackError`.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Jamie McCarthy*
 
-*   Fix left joins order when merging multiple left joins from different associations.
+*   Raise an error if `pool_config` is `nil` in `set_pool_config`.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-*   Fix index creation to preserve index comment in bulk change table on MySQL.
+*   Fix compatibility with `psych >= 4`.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    Starting in Psych 4.0.0 `YAML.load` behaves like `YAML.safe_load`. To preserve compatibility
+    Active Record's schema cache loader and `YAMLColumn` now uses `YAML.unsafe_load` if available.
 
-*   Change `remove_foreign_key` to not check `:validate` option if database
-    doesn't support the feature.
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Support using replicas when using `rails dbconsole`.
 
-*   Fix the result of aggregations to maintain duplicated "group by" fields.
+    *Christopher Thornton*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Restore connection pools after transactional tests.
 
-*   Do not return duplicated records when using preload.
+    *Eugene Kenny*
 
-    *Bogdan Gusiev*
+*   Change `upsert_all` to fails cleanly for MySQL when `:unique_by` is used.
 
+    *Bastian Bartmann*
 
-## Rails 6.0.3.7 (May 05, 2021) ##
+*   Fix user-defined `self.default_scope` to respect table alias.
 
-*   No changes.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
+*   Clear `@cache_keys` cache after `update_all`, `delete_all`, `destroy_all`.
 
-## Rails 6.0.3.6 (March 26, 2021) ##
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   No changes.
+*   Changed Arel predications `contains` and `overlaps` to use
+    `quoted_node` so that PostgreSQL arrays are quoted properly.
 
+    *Bradley Priest*
 
-## Rails 6.0.3.5 (February 10, 2021) ##
+*   Fix `merge` when the `where` clauses have string contents.
 
-*   Fix possible DoS vector in PostgreSQL money type
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    Carefully crafted input can cause a DoS via the regular expressions used
-    for validating the money format in the PostgreSQL adapter.  This patch
-    fixes the regexp.
+*   Fix rollback of parent destruction with nested `dependent: :destroy`.
 
-    Thanks to @dee-see from Hackerone for this patch!
+    *Jacopo Beschi*
 
-    [CVE-2021-22880]
+*   Fix binds logging for `"WHERE ... IN ..."` statements.
 
-    *Aaron Patterson*
+    *Ricardo Díaz*
 
+*   Handle `false` in relation strict loading checks.
 
-## Rails 6.0.3.4 (October 07, 2020) ##
+    Previously when a model had strict loading set to true and then had a
+    relation set `strict_loading` to false the false wasn't considered when
+    deciding whether to raise/warn about strict loading.
 
-*   No changes.
+    ```
+    class Dog < ActiveRecord::Base
+      self.strict_loading_by_default = true
 
+      has_many :treats, strict_loading: false
+    end
+    ```
 
-## Rails 6.0.3.3 (September 09, 2020) ##
+    In the example, `dog.treats` would still raise even though
+    `strict_loading` was set to false. This is a bug affecting more than
+    Active Storage which is why I made this PR superseding #41461. We need
+    to fix this for all applications since the behavior is a little
+    surprising. I took the test from #41461 and the code suggestion from #41453
+    with some additions.
 
-*   No changes.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *Radamés Roriz*
 
+*   Fix numericality validator without precision.
 
-## Rails 6.0.3.2 (June 17, 2020) ##
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   No changes.
+*   Fix aggregate attribute on Enum types.
 
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-## Rails 6.0.3.1 (May 18, 2020) ##
+*   Fix `CREATE INDEX` statement generation for PostgreSQL.
 
-*   No changes.
+    *eltongo*
 
+*   Fix where clause on enum attribute when providing array of strings.
 
-## Rails 6.0.3 (May 06, 2020) ##
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Recommend applications don't use the `database` kwarg in `connected_to`
+*   Fix `unprepared_statement` to work it when nesting.
 
-    The database kwarg in `connected_to` was meant to be used for one-off scripts but is often used in requests. This is really dangerous because it re-establishes a connection every time. It's deprecated in 6.1 and will be removed in 6.2 without replacement. This change soft deprecates it in 6.0 by removing documentation.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-*   Fix support for PostgreSQL 11+ partitioned indexes.
+## Rails 6.1.3.2 (May 05, 2021) ##
 
-    *Sebastián Palma*
+*   No changes.
 
-*   Add support for beginless ranges, introduced in Ruby 2.7.
 
-    *Josh Goodall*
+## Rails 6.1.3.1 (March 26, 2021) ##
 
-*   Fix insert_all with enum values
+*   No changes.
 
-    Fixes #38716.
 
-    *Joel Blum*
+## Rails 6.1.3 (February 17, 2021) ##
 
-*   Regexp-escape table name for MS SQL
+*   Fix the MySQL adapter to always set the right collation and charset
+    to the connection session.
 
-    Add `Regexp.escape` to one method in ActiveRecord, so that table names with regular expression characters in them work as expected. Since MS SQL Server uses "[" and "]" to quote table and column names, and those characters are regular expression characters, methods like `pluck` and `select` fail in certain cases when used with the MS SQL Server adapter.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Larry Reid*
+*   Fix MySQL adapter handling of time objects when prepared statements
+    are enabled.
 
-*   Store advisory locks on their own named connection.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    Previously advisory locks were taken out against a connection when a migration started. This works fine in single database applications but doesn't work well when migrations need to open new connections which results in the lock getting dropped.
+*   Fix scoping in enum fields using conditions that would generate
+    an `IN` clause.
 
-    In order to fix this we are storing the advisory lock on a new connection with the connection specification name `AdisoryLockBase`. The caveat is that we need to maintain at least 2 connections to a database while migrations are running in order to do this.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
+*   Skip optimised #exist? query when #include? is called on a relation
+    with a having clause
 
-*   Ensure `:reading` connections always raise if a write is attempted.
+    Relations that have aliased select values AND a having clause that
+    references an aliased select value would generate an error when
+    #include? was called, due to an optimisation that would generate
+    call #exists? on the relation instead, which effectively alters
+    the select values of the query (and thus removes the aliased select
+    values), but leaves the having clause intact. Because the having
+    clause is then referencing an aliased column that is no longer
+    present in the simplified query, an ActiveRecord::InvalidStatement
+    error was raised.
 
-    Now Rails will raise an `ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyError` if any connection on the reading handler attempts to make a write. If your reading role needs to write you should name the role something other than `:reading`.
+    An sample query affected by this problem:
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+    ```ruby
+    Author.select('COUNT(*) as total_posts', 'authors.*')
+          .joins(:posts)
+          .group(:id)
+          .having('total_posts > 2')
+          .include?(Author.first)
+    ```
 
-*   Enforce fresh ETag header after a collection's contents change by adding
-    ActiveRecord::Relation#cache_key_with_version. This method will be used by
-    ActionController::ConditionalGet to ensure that when collection cache versioning
-    is enabled, requests using ConditionalGet don't return the same ETag header
-    after a collection is modified. Fixes #38078.
+    This change adds an addition check to the condition that skips the
+    simplified #exists? query, which simply checks for the presence of
+    a having clause.
 
-    *Aaron Lipman*
+    Fixes #41417
 
-*   A database URL can now contain a querystring value that contains an equal sign. This is needed to support passing PostgresSQL `options`.
+    *Michael Smart*
 
-     *Joshua Flanagan*
+*   Increment postgres prepared statement counter before making a prepared statement, so if the statement is aborted
+    without Rails knowledge (e.g., if app gets kill -9d during long-running query or due to Rack::Timeout), app won't end
+    up in perpetual crash state for being inconsistent with Postgres.
 
-*   Retain explicit selections on the base model after applying `includes` and `joins`.
+    *wbharding*, *Martin Tepper*
 
-    Resolves #34889.
 
-    *Patrick Rebsch*
+## Rails 6.1.2.1 (February 10, 2021) ##
 
+*   Fix possible DoS vector in PostgreSQL money type
 
-## Rails 6.0.2.2 (March 19, 2020) ##
+    Carefully crafted input can cause a DoS via the regular expressions used
+    for validating the money format in the PostgreSQL adapter.  This patch
+    fixes the regexp.
 
-*   No changes.
+    Thanks to @dee-see from Hackerone for this patch!
 
+    [CVE-2021-22880]
 
-## Rails 6.0.2.1 (December 18, 2019) ##
+    *Aaron Patterson*
 
-*   No changes.
 
+## Rails 6.1.2 (February 09, 2021) ##
 
-## Rails 6.0.2 (December 13, 2019) ##
+*   Fix timestamp type for sqlite3.
 
-*   Share the same connection pool for primary and replica databases in the
-    transactional tests for the same database.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    *Edouard Chin*
+*   Make destroy async transactional.
 
-*   Fix the preloader when one record is fetched using `after_initialize`
-    but not the entire collection.
+    An active record rollback could occur while enqueuing a job. In this
+    case the job would enqueue even though the database deletion
+    rolledback putting things in a funky state.
 
-    *Bradley Price*
+    Now the jobs are only enqueued until after the db transaction has been committed.
 
-*   Fix collection callbacks not terminating when `:abort` is thrown.
+    *Cory Gwin*
 
-    *Edouard Chin*, *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Fix malformed packet error in MySQL statement for connection configuration.
 
-*   Correctly deprecate `where.not` working as NOR for relations.
+    *robinroestenburg*
 
-    12a9664 deprecated where.not working as NOR, however
-    doing a relation query like `where.not(relation: { ... })`
-    wouldn't be properly deprecated and `where.not` would work as
-    NAND instead.
+*   Connection specification now passes the "url" key as a configuration for the
+    adapter if the "url" protocol is "jdbc", "http", or "https". Previously only
+    urls with the "jdbc" prefix were passed to the Active Record Adapter, others
+    are assumed to be adapter specification urls.
 
-    *Edouard Chin*
+    Fixes #41137.
 
-*   Fix `db:migrate` task with multiple databases to restore the connection
-    to the previous database.
+    *Jonathan Bracy*
 
-    The migrate task iterates and establish a connection over each db
-    resulting in the last one to be used by subsequent rake tasks.
-    We should reestablish a connection to the connection that was
-    established before the migrate tasks was run
+*   Fix granular connection swapping when there are multiple abstract classes.
 
-    *Edouard Chin*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-*   Fix multi-threaded issue for `AcceptanceValidator`.
+*   Fix `find_by` with custom primary key for belongs_to association.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
+*   Add support for `rails console --sandbox` for multiple database applications.
 
-## Rails 6.0.1 (November 5, 2019) ##
-
-*    Common Table Expressions are allowed on read-only connections.
+    *alpaca-tc*
 
-     *Chris Morris*
+*   Fix `where` on polymorphic association with empty array.
 
-*    New record instantiation respects `unscope`.
-
-     *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*    Fixed a case where `find_in_batches` could halt too early.
+*   Fix preventing writes for `ApplicationRecord`.
 
-     *Takayuki Nakata*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-*    Autosaved associations always perform validations when a custom validation
-     context is used.
 
-     *Tekin Suleyman*
+## Rails 6.1.1 (January 07, 2021) ##
 
-*    `sql.active_record` notifications now include the `:connection` in
-     their payloads.
+*   Fix fixtures loading when strict loading is enabled for the association.
 
-     *Eugene Kenny*
+    *Alex Ghiculescu*
 
-*    A rollback encountered in an `after_commit` callback does not reset
-     previously-committed record state.
+*   Fix `where` with custom primary key for belongs_to association.
 
-     *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*    Fixed that join order was lost when eager-loading.
+*   Fix `where` with aliased associations.
 
-     *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   `DESCRIBE` queries are allowed on read-only connections.
+*   Fix `composed_of` with symbol mapping.
 
-    *Dylan Thacker-Smith*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Fixed that records that had been `inspect`ed could not be marshaled.
+*   Don't skip money's type cast for pluck and calculations.
 
-    *Eugene Kenny*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   The connection pool reaper thread is respawned in forked processes. This
-    fixes that idle connections in forked processes wouldn't be reaped.
+*   Fix `where` on polymorphic association with non Active Record object.
 
-    *John Hawthorn*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   The memoized result of `ActiveRecord::Relation#take` is properly cleared
-    when `ActiveRecord::Relation#reset` or `ActiveRecord::Relation#reload`
-    is called.
+*   Make sure `db:prepare` works even the schema file doesn't exist.
 
-    *Anmol Arora*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Fixed the performance regression for `primary_keys` introduced MySQL 8.0.
+*   Fix complicated `has_many :through` with nested where condition.
 
-    *Hiroyuki Ishii*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   `insert`, `insert_all`, `upsert`, and `upsert_all` now clear the query cache.
+*   Handle STI models for `has_many dependent: :destroy_async`.
 
-    *Eugene Kenny*
+    *Muhammad Usman*
 
-*   Call `while_preventing_writes` directly from `connected_to`.
+*   Restore possibility of passing `false` to :polymorphic option of `belongs_to`.
 
-    In some cases application authors want to use the database switching middleware and make explicit calls with `connected_to`. It's possible for an app to turn off writes and not turn them back on by the time we call `connected_to(role: :writing)`.
+    Previously, passing `false` would trigger the option validation logic
+    to throw an error saying :polymorphic would not be a valid option.
 
-    This change allows apps to fix this by assuming if a role is writing we want to allow writes, except in the case it's explicitly turned off.
+    *glaszig*
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+*   Allow adding nonnamed expression indexes to be revertible.
 
-*   Improve detection of ActiveRecord::StatementTimeout with mysql2 adapter in the edge case when the query is terminated during filesort.
+    Fixes #40732.
 
-    *Kir Shatrov*
+    Previously, the following code would raise an error, when executed while rolling back,
+    and the index name should be specified explicitly. Now, the index name is inferred
+    automatically.
 
+    ```ruby
+    add_index(:items, "to_tsvector('english', description)")
+    ```
 
-## Rails 6.0.0 (August 16, 2019) ##
+    *fatkodima*
 
-*   Preserve user supplied joins order as much as possible.
 
-    Fixes #36761, #34328, #24281, #12953.
+## Rails 6.1.0 (December 09, 2020) ##
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Only warn about negative enums if a positive form that would cause conflicts exists.
 
-*   Make the DATABASE_URL env variable only affect the primary connection. Add new env variables for multiple databases.
+    Fixes #39065.
 
-    *John Crepezzi*, *Eileen Uchitelle*
+    *Alex Ghiculescu*
 
-*   Add a warning for enum elements with 'not_' prefix.
+*   Change `attribute_for_inspect` to take `filter_attributes` in consideration.
 
-        class Foo
-          enum status: [:sent, :not_sent]
-        end
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Edu Depetris*
+*   Fix odd behavior of inverse_of with multiple belongs_to to same class.
 
-*   Make currency symbols optional for money column type in PostgreSQL
+    Fixes #35204.
 
-    *Joel Schneider*
+    *Tomoyuki Kai*
 
+*   Build predicate conditions with objects that delegate `#id` and primary key:
 
-## Rails 6.0.0.rc2 (July 22, 2019) ##
+    ```ruby
+    class AdminAuthor
+      delegate_missing_to :@author
 
-*   Add database_exists? method to connection adapters to check if a database exists.
+      def initialize(author)
+        @author = author
+      end
+    end
 
-    *Guilherme Mansur*
+    Post.where(author: AdminAuthor.new(author))
+    ```
 
-*   PostgreSQL: Fix GROUP BY with ORDER BY virtual count attribute.
+    *Sean Doyle*
 
-    Fixes #36022.
+*   Add `connected_to_many` API.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    This API allows applications to connect to multiple databases at once without switching all of them or implementing a deeply nested stack.
 
-*   Make ActiveRecord `ConnectionPool.connections` method thread-safe.
+    Before:
 
-    Fixes #36465.
+        AnimalsRecord.connected_to(role: :reading) do
+          MealsRecord.connected_to(role: :reading) do
+            Dog.first # read from animals replica
+            Dinner.first # read from meals replica
+            Person.first # read from primary writer
+          end
+        end
 
-    *Jeff Doering*
+    After:
 
-*   Fix sqlite3 collation parsing when using decimal columns.
+        ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to_many([AnimalsRecord, MealsRecord], role: :reading) do
+          Dog.first # read from animals replica
+          Dinner.first # read from meals replica
+          Person.first # read from primary writer
+        end
 
-    *Martin R. Schuster*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   Fix invalid schema when primary key column has a comment.
+*   Add option to raise or log for `ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError`.
 
-    Fixes #29966.
+    Some applications may not want to raise an error in production if using `strict_loading`. This would allow an application to set strict loading to log for the production environment while still raising in development and test environments.
 
-    *Guilherme Goettems Schneider*
+    Set `config.active_record.action_on_strict_loading_violation` to `:log` errors instead of raising.
 
-*   Fix table comment also being applied to the primary key column.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    *Guilherme Goettems Schneider*
+*   Allow the inverse of a `has_one` association that was previously autosaved to be loaded.
 
-*   Fix merging left_joins to maintain its own `join_type` context.
+    Fixes #34255.
 
-    Fixes #36103.
+    *Steven Weber*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Optimise the length of index names for polymorphic references by using the reference name rather than the type and id column names.
 
+    Because the default behaviour when adding an index with multiple columns is to use all column names in the index name, this could frequently lead to overly long index names for polymorphic references which would fail the migration if it exceeded the database limit.
 
-## Rails 6.0.0.rc1 (April 24, 2019) ##
+    This change reduces the chance of that happening by using the reference name, e.g. `index_my_table_on_my_reference`.
 
-*   Add `touch` option to `has_one` association.
+    Fixes #38655.
 
-    *Abhay Nikam*
+    *Luke Redpath*
 
-*   Deprecate `where.not` working as NOR and will be changed to NAND in Rails 6.1.
+*   MySQL: Uniqueness validator now respects default database collation,
+    no longer enforce case sensitive comparison by default.
 
-    ```ruby
-    all = [treasures(:diamond), treasures(:sapphire), cars(:honda), treasures(:sapphire)]
-    assert_equal all, PriceEstimate.all.map(&:estimate_of)
-    ```
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    In Rails 6.0:
+*   Remove deprecated methods from `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::DatabaseLimits`.
 
-    ```ruby
-    sapphire = treasures(:sapphire)
-
-    nor = all.reject { |e|
-      e.estimate_of_type == sapphire.class.polymorphic_name
-    }.reject { |e|
-      e.estimate_of_id == sapphire.id
-    }
-    assert_equal [cars(:honda)], nor
-
-    without_sapphire = PriceEstimate.where.not(
-      estimate_of_type: sapphire.class.polymorphic_name, estimate_of_id: sapphire.id
-    )
-    assert_equal nor, without_sapphire.map(&:estimate_of)
-    ```
+    `column_name_length`
+    `table_name_length`
+    `columns_per_table`
+    `indexes_per_table`
+    `columns_per_multicolumn_index`
+    `sql_query_length`
+    `joins_per_query`
 
-    In Rails 6.1:
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    ```ruby
-    sapphire = treasures(:sapphire)
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractAdapter#supports_multi_insert?`.
 
-    nand = all - [sapphire]
-    assert_equal [treasures(:diamond), cars(:honda)], nand
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    without_sapphire = PriceEstimate.where.not(
-      estimate_of_type: sapphire.class.polymorphic_name, estimate_of_id: sapphire.id
-    )
-    assert_equal nand, without_sapphire.map(&:estimate_of)
-    ```
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractAdapter#supports_foreign_keys_in_create?`.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Fix dirty tracking after rollback.
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::PostgreSQLAdapter#supports_ranges?`.
 
-    Fixes #15018, #30167, #33868.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Base#update_attributes` and `ActiveRecord::Base#update_attributes!`.
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Relation#cache_version` to support recyclable cache keys via
-    the versioned entries in `ActiveSupport::Cache`. This also means that
-    `ActiveRecord::Relation#cache_key` will now return a stable key that does not
-    include the max timestamp or count any more.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    NOTE: This feature is turned off by default, and `cache_key` will still return
-    cache keys with timestamps until you set `ActiveRecord::Base.collection_cache_versioning = true`.
-    That's the setting for all new apps on Rails 6.0+
+*   Remove deprecated `migrations_path` argument in `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapter::SchemaStatements#assume_migrated_upto_version`.
 
-    *Lachlan Sylvester*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Fix dirty tracking for `touch` to track saved changes.
+*   Remove deprecated `config.active_record.sqlite3.represent_boolean_as_integer`.
 
-    Fixes #33429.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamzono*
+*   `relation.create` does no longer leak scope to class level querying methods
+    in initialization block and callbacks.
 
-*   `change_column_comment` and `change_table_comment` are invertible only if
-    `to` and `from` options are specified.
+    Before:
 
-    *Yoshiyuki Kinjo*
+        User.where(name: "John").create do |john|
+          User.find_by(name: "David") # => nil
+        end
 
-*   Don't call commit/rollback callbacks when a record isn't saved.
+    After:
 
-    Fixes #29747.
+        User.where(name: "John").create do |john|
+          User.find_by(name: "David") # => #<User name: "David", ...>
+        end
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Fix circular `autosave: true` causes invalid records to be saved.
-
-    Prior to the fix, when there was a circular series of `autosave: true`
-    associations, the callback for a `has_many` association was run while
-    another instance of the same callback on the same association hadn't
-    finished running. When control returned to the first instance of the
-    callback, the instance variable had changed, and subsequent associated
-    records weren't saved correctly. Specifically, the ID field for the
-    `belongs_to` corresponding to the `has_many` was `nil`.
-
-    Fixes #28080.
-
-    *Larry Reid*
+*   Named scope chain does no longer leak scope to class level querying methods.
 
-*   Raise `ArgumentError` for invalid `:limit` and `:precision` like as other options.
+        class User < ActiveRecord::Base
+          scope :david, -> { User.where(name: "David") }
+        end
 
     Before:
 
-    ```ruby
-    add_column :items, :attr1, :binary,   size: 10      # => ArgumentError
-    add_column :items, :attr2, :decimal,  scale: 10     # => ArgumentError
-    add_column :items, :attr3, :integer,  limit: 10     # => ActiveRecordError
-    add_column :items, :attr4, :datetime, precision: 10 # => ActiveRecordError
-    ```
+        User.where(name: "John").david
+        # SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'John' AND name = 'David'
 
     After:
 
-    ```ruby
-    add_column :items, :attr1, :binary,   size: 10      # => ArgumentError
-    add_column :items, :attr2, :decimal,  scale: 10     # => ArgumentError
-    add_column :items, :attr3, :integer,  limit: 10     # => ArgumentError
-    add_column :items, :attr4, :datetime, precision: 10 # => ArgumentError
-    ```
+        User.where(name: "John").david
+        # SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'David'
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Association loading isn't to be affected by scoping consistently
-    whether preloaded / eager loaded or not, with the exception of `unscoped`.
+*   Remove deprecated methods from `ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations`.
 
-    Before:
+    `fetch`
+    `each`
+    `first`
+    `values`
+    `[]=`
 
-    ```ruby
-    Post.where("1=0").scoping do
-      Comment.find(1).post                   # => nil
-      Comment.preload(:post).find(1).post    # => #<Post id: 1, ...>
-      Comment.eager_load(:post).find(1).post # => #<Post id: 1, ...>
-    end
-    ```
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    After:
+*   `where.not` now generates NAND predicates instead of NOR.
 
-    ```ruby
-    Post.where("1=0").scoping do
-      Comment.find(1).post                   # => #<Post id: 1, ...>
-      Comment.preload(:post).find(1).post    # => #<Post id: 1, ...>
-      Comment.eager_load(:post).find(1).post # => #<Post id: 1, ...>
-    end
-    ```
+     Before:
 
-    Fixes #34638, #35398.
+        User.where.not(name: "Jon", role: "admin")
+        # SELECT * FROM users WHERE name != 'Jon' AND role != 'admin'
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+     After:
 
-*   Add `rails db:prepare` to migrate or setup a database.
+        User.where.not(name: "Jon", role: "admin")
+        # SELECT * FROM users WHERE NOT (name == 'Jon' AND role == 'admin')
 
-    Runs `db:migrate` if the database exists or `db:setup` if it doesn't.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Roberto Miranda*
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Result#to_hash` method.
 
-*   Add `after_save_commit` callback as shortcut for `after_commit :hook, on: [ :create, :update ]`.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *DHH*
+*   Deprecate `ActiveRecord::Base.allow_unsafe_raw_sql`.
 
-*   Assign all attributes before calling `build` to ensure the child record is visible in
-    `before_add` and `after_add` callbacks for `has_many :through` associations.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    Fixes #33249.
+*   Remove deprecated support for using unsafe raw SQL in `ActiveRecord::Relation` methods.
 
-    *Ryan H. Kerr*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+
+*   Allow users to silence the "Rails couldn't infer whether you are using multiple databases..."
+    message using `config.active_record.suppress_multiple_database_warning`.
+
+    *Omri Gabay*
+
+*   Connections can be granularly switched for abstract classes when `connected_to` is called.
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Relation#extract_associated` for extracting associated records from a relation.
+    This change allows `connected_to` to switch a `role` and/or `shard` for a single abstract class instead of all classes globally. Applications that want to use the new feature need to set `config.active_record.legacy_connection_handling` to `false` in their application configuration.
 
+    Example usage:
+
+    Given an application we have a `User` model that inherits from `ApplicationRecord` and a `Dog` model that inherits from `AnimalsRecord`. `AnimalsRecord` and `ApplicationRecord` have writing and reading connections as well as shard `default`, `one`, and `two`.
+
+    ```ruby
+    ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :reading) do
+      User.first # reads from default replica
+      Dog.first # reads from default replica
+
+      AnimalsRecord.connected_to(role: :writing, shard: :one) do
+        User.first # reads from default replica
+        Dog.first # reads from shard one primary
+      end
+
+      User.first # reads from default replica
+      Dog.first # reads from default replica
+
+      ApplicationRecord.connected_to(role: :writing, shard: :two) do
+        User.first # reads from shard two primary
+        Dog.first # reads from default replica
+      end
+    end
     ```
-    account.memberships.extract_associated(:user)
-    # => Returns collection of User records
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
+
+*   Allow double-dash comment syntax when querying read-only databases
+
+    *James Adam*
+
+*   Add `values_at` method.
+
+    Returns an array containing the values associated with the given methods.
+
+    ```ruby
+    topic = Topic.first
+    topic.values_at(:title, :author_name)
+    # => ["Budget", "Jason"]
     ```
 
-    *DHH*
+    Similar to `Hash#values_at` but on an Active Record instance.
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Relation#annotate` for adding SQL comments to its queries.
+    *Guillaume Briday*
 
-    For example:
+*   Fix `read_attribute_before_type_cast` to consider attribute aliases.
+
+    *Marcelo Lauxen*
+
+*   Support passing record to uniqueness validator `:conditions` callable:
 
+    ```ruby
+    class Article < ApplicationRecord
+      validates_uniqueness_of :title, conditions: ->(article) {
+        published_at = article.published_at
+        where(published_at: published_at.beginning_of_year..published_at.end_of_year)
+      }
+    end
     ```
-    Post.where(id: 123).annotate("this is a comment").to_sql
-    # SELECT "posts".* FROM "posts" WHERE "posts"."id" = 123 /* this is a comment */
+
+    *Eliot Sykes*
+
+*   `BatchEnumerator#update_all` and `BatchEnumerator#delete_all` now return the
+    total number of rows affected, just like their non-batched counterparts.
+
+    ```ruby
+    Person.in_batches.update_all("first_name = 'Eugene'") # => 42
+    Person.in_batches.delete_all # => 42
     ```
 
-    This can be useful in instrumentation or other analysis of issued queries.
+    Fixes #40287.
 
-    *Matt Yoho*
+    *Eugene Kenny*
 
-*   Support Optimizer Hints.
+*   Add support for PostgreSQL `interval` data type with conversion to
+    `ActiveSupport::Duration` when loading records from database and
+    serialization to ISO 8601 formatted duration string on save.
+    Add support to define a column in migrations and get it in a schema dump.
+    Optional column precision is supported.
 
-    In most databases, a way to control the optimizer is by using optimizer hints,
-    which can be specified within individual statements.
+    To use this in 6.1, you need to place the next string to your model file:
 
-    Example (for MySQL):
+        attribute :duration, :interval
 
-        Topic.optimizer_hints("MAX_EXECUTION_TIME(50000)", "NO_INDEX_MERGE(topics)")
-        # SELECT /*+ MAX_EXECUTION_TIME(50000) NO_INDEX_MERGE(topics) */ `topics`.* FROM `topics`
+    To keep old behavior until 7.0 is released:
 
-    Example (for PostgreSQL with pg_hint_plan):
+        attribute :duration, :string
 
-        Topic.optimizer_hints("SeqScan(topics)", "Parallel(topics 8)")
-        # SELECT /*+ SeqScan(topics) Parallel(topics 8) */ "topics".* FROM "topics"
+    Example:
 
-    See also:
+        create_table :events do |t|
+          t.string   :name
+          t.interval :duration
+        end
 
-    * https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/optimizer-hints.html
-    * https://pghintplan.osdn.jp/pg_hint_plan.html
-    * https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/12.2/tgsql/influencing-the-optimizer.html
-    * https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/hints-transact-sql-query?view=sql-server-2017
-    * https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/SSEPGG_11.1.0/com.ibm.db2.luw.admin.perf.doc/doc/c0070117.html
+        class Event < ApplicationRecord
+          attribute :duration, :interval
+        end
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+        Event.create!(name: 'Rock Fest', duration: 2.days)
+        Event.last.duration # => 2 days
+        Event.last.duration.iso8601 # => "P2D"
+        Event.new(duration: 'P1DT12H3S').duration # => 1 day, 12 hours, and 3 seconds
+        Event.new(duration: '1 day') # Unknown value will be ignored and NULL will be written to database
 
-*   Fix query attribute method on user-defined attribute to be aware of typecasted value.
+    *Andrey Novikov*
 
-    For example, the following code no longer return false as casted non-empty string:
+*   Allow associations supporting the `dependent:` key to take `dependent: :destroy_async`.
 
-    ```
-    class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
-      attribute :user_defined_text, :text
+    ```ruby
+    class Account < ActiveRecord::Base
+        belongs_to :supplier, dependent: :destroy_async
     end
-
-    Post.new(user_defined_text: "false").user_defined_text? # => true
     ```
 
-    *Yuji Kamijima*
+    `:destroy_async` will enqueue a job to destroy associated records in the background.
 
-*   Quote empty ranges like other empty enumerables.
+    *DHH*, *George Claghorn*, *Cory Gwin*, *Rafael Mendonça França*, *Adrianna Chang*
 
-    *Patrick Rebsch*
+*   Add `SKIP_TEST_DATABASE` environment variable to disable modifying the test database when `rails db:create` and `rails db:drop` are called.
 
-*   Add `insert_all`/`insert_all!`/`upsert_all` methods to `ActiveRecord::Persistence`,
-    allowing bulk inserts akin to the bulk updates provided by `update_all` and
-    bulk deletes by `delete_all`.
+    *Jason Schweier*
 
-    Supports skipping or upserting duplicates through the `ON CONFLICT` syntax
-    for PostgreSQL (9.5+) and SQLite (3.24+) and `ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE` syntax
-    for MySQL.
+*   `connects_to` can only be called on `ActiveRecord::Base` or abstract classes.
 
-    *Bob Lail*
+    Ensure that `connects_to` can only be called from `ActiveRecord::Base` or abstract classes. This protects the application from opening duplicate or too many connections.
 
-*   Add `rails db:seed:replant` that truncates tables of each database
-    for current environment and loads the seeds.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    *bogdanvlviv*, *DHH*
+*   All connection adapters `execute` now raises `ActiveRecord::ConnectionNotEstablished` rather than
+    `ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid` when they encounter a connection error.
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.connection.truncate` for SQLite3 adapter.
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-    *bogdanvlviv*
+*   `Mysql2Adapter#quote_string` now raises `ActiveRecord::ConnectionNotEstablished` rather than
+    `ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid` when it can't connect to the MySQL server.
 
-*   Deprecate mismatched collation comparison for uniqueness validator.
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-    Uniqueness validator will no longer enforce case sensitive comparison in Rails 6.1.
-    To continue case sensitive comparison on the case insensitive column,
-    pass `case_sensitive: true` option explicitly to the uniqueness validator.
+*   Add support for check constraints that are `NOT VALID` via `validate: false` (PostgreSQL-only).
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Alex Robbin*
 
-*   Add `reselect` method. This is a short-hand for `unscope(:select).select(fields)`.
+*   Ensure the default configuration is considered primary or first for an environment
 
-    Fixes #27340.
+    If a multiple database application provides a configuration named primary, that will be treated as default. In applications that do not have a primary entry, the default database configuration will be the first configuration for an environment.
 
-    *Willian Gustavo Veiga*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-*   Add negative scopes for all enum values.
+*   Allow `where` references association names as joined table name aliases.
 
-    Example:
+    ```ruby
+    class Comment < ActiveRecord::Base
+      enum label: [:default, :child]
+      has_many :children, class_name: "Comment", foreign_key: :parent_id
+    end
 
-        class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
-          enum status: %i[ drafted active trashed ]
-        end
+    # ... FROM comments LEFT OUTER JOIN comments children ON ... WHERE children.label = 1
+    Comment.includes(:children).where("children.label": "child")
+    ```
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-        Post.not_drafted # => where.not(status: :drafted)
-        Post.not_active  # => where.not(status: :active)
-        Post.not_trashed # => where.not(status: :trashed)
+*   Support storing demodulized class name for polymorphic type.
 
-    *DHH*
+    Before Rails 6.1, storing demodulized class name is supported only for STI type
+    by `store_full_sti_class` class attribute.
 
-*   Fix different `count` calculation when using `size` with manual `select` with DISTINCT.
+    Now `store_full_class_name` class attribute can handle both STI and polymorphic types.
 
-    Fixes #35214.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Juani Villarejo*
+*   Deprecate `rails db:structure:{load, dump}` tasks and extend
+    `rails db:schema:{load, dump}` tasks to work with either `:ruby` or `:sql` format,
+    depending on `config.active_record.schema_format` configuration value.
 
+    *fatkodima*
 
-## Rails 6.0.0.beta3 (March 11, 2019) ##
+*   Respect the `select` values for eager loading.
 
-*   No changes.
+    ```ruby
+    post = Post.select("UPPER(title) AS title").first
+    post.title # => "WELCOME TO THE WEBLOG"
+    post.body  # => ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError
+
+    # Rails 6.0 (ignore the `select` values)
+    post = Post.select("UPPER(title) AS title").eager_load(:comments).first
+    post.title # => "Welcome to the weblog"
+    post.body  # => "Such a lovely day"
+
+    # Rails 6.1 (respect the `select` values)
+    post = Post.select("UPPER(title) AS title").eager_load(:comments).first
+    post.title # => "WELCOME TO THE WEBLOG"
+    post.body  # => ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError
+    ```
 
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-## Rails 6.0.0.beta2 (February 25, 2019) ##
+*   Allow attribute's default to be configured but keeping its own type.
 
-*   Fix prepared statements caching to be enabled even when query caching is enabled.
+    ```ruby
+    class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
+      attribute :written_at, default: -> { Time.now.utc }
+    end
+
+    # Rails 6.0
+    Post.type_for_attribute(:written_at) # => #<Type::Value ... precision: nil, ...>
+
+    # Rails 6.1
+    Post.type_for_attribute(:written_at) # => #<Type::DateTime ... precision: 6, ...>
+    ```
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Ensure `update_all` series cares about optimistic locking.
+*   Allow default to be configured for Enum.
+
+    ```ruby
+    class Book < ActiveRecord::Base
+      enum status: [:proposed, :written, :published], _default: :published
+    end
+
+    Book.new.status # => "published"
+    ```
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Don't allow `where` with non numeric string matches to 0 values.
+*   Deprecate YAML loading from legacy format older than Rails 5.0.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Introduce `ActiveRecord::Relation#destroy_by` and `ActiveRecord::Relation#delete_by`.
+*   Added the setting `ActiveRecord::Base.immutable_strings_by_default`, which
+    allows you to specify that all string columns should be frozen unless
+    otherwise specified. This will reduce memory pressure for applications which
+    do not generally mutate string properties of Active Record objects.
 
-    `destroy_by` allows relation to find all the records matching the condition and perform
-    `destroy_all` on the matched records.
+    *Sean Griffin*, *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    Example:
+*   Deprecate `map!` and `collect!` on `ActiveRecord::Result`.
 
-        Person.destroy_by(name: 'David')
-        Person.destroy_by(name: 'David', rating: 4)
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-        david = Person.find_by(name: 'David')
-        david.posts.destroy_by(id: [1, 2, 3])
+*   Support `relation.and` for intersection as Set theory.
 
-    `delete_by` allows relation to find all the records matching the condition and perform
-    `delete_all` on the matched records.
+    ```ruby
+    david_and_mary = Author.where(id: [david, mary])
+    mary_and_bob   = Author.where(id: [mary, bob])
 
-    Example:
+    david_and_mary.merge(mary_and_bob) # => [mary, bob]
 
-        Person.delete_by(name: 'David')
-        Person.delete_by(name: 'David', rating: 4)
+    david_and_mary.and(mary_and_bob) # => [mary]
+    david_and_mary.or(mary_and_bob)  # => [david, mary, bob]
+    ```
 
-        david = Person.find_by(name: 'David')
-        david.posts.delete_by(id: [1, 2, 3])
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Abhay Nikam*
+*   Merging conditions on the same column no longer maintain both conditions,
+    and will be consistently replaced by the latter condition in Rails 7.0.
+    To migrate to Rails 7.0's behavior, use `relation.merge(other, rewhere: true)`.
 
-*   Don't allow `where` with invalid value matches to nil values.
+    ```ruby
+    # Rails 6.1 (IN clause is replaced by merger side equality condition)
+    Author.where(id: [david.id, mary.id]).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => [bob]
 
-    Fixes #33624.
+    # Rails 6.1 (both conflict conditions exists, deprecated)
+    Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => []
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    # Rails 6.1 with rewhere to migrate to Rails 7.0's behavior
+    Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id).merge(Author.where(id: bob), rewhere: true) # => [bob]
 
-*   SQLite3: Implement `add_foreign_key` and `remove_foreign_key`.
+    # Rails 7.0 (same behavior with IN clause, mergee side condition is consistently replaced)
+    Author.where(id: [david.id, mary.id]).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => [bob]
+    Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => [bob]
+    ```
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Deprecate using class level querying methods if the receiver scope
-    regarded as leaked. Use `klass.unscoped` to avoid the leaking scope.
+*   Do not mark Postgresql MAC address and UUID attributes as changed when the assigned value only varies by case.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Peter Fry*
 
-*   Allow applications to automatically switch connections.
+*   Resolve issue with insert_all unique_by option when used with expression index.
 
-    Adds a middleware and configuration options that can be used in your
-    application to automatically switch between the writing and reading
-    database connections.
+    When the `:unique_by` option of `ActiveRecord::Persistence.insert_all` and
+    `ActiveRecord::Persistence.upsert_all` was used with the name of an expression index, an error
+    was raised. Adding a guard around the formatting behavior for the `:unique_by` corrects this.
 
-    `GET` and `HEAD` requests will read from the replica unless there was
-    a write in the last 2 seconds, otherwise they will read from the primary.
-    Non-get requests will always write to the primary. The middleware accepts
-    an argument for a Resolver class and an Operations class where you are able
-    to change how the auto-switcher works to be most beneficial for your
-    application.
+    Usage:
 
-    To use the middleware in your application you can use the following
-    configuration options:
+    ```ruby
+    create_table :books, id: :integer, force: true do |t|
+      t.column :name, :string
+      t.index "lower(name)", unique: true
+    end
 
+    Book.insert_all [{ name: "MyTest" }], unique_by: :index_books_on_lower_name
     ```
-    config.active_record.database_selector = { delay: 2.seconds }
-    config.active_record.database_resolver = ActiveRecord::Middleware::DatabaseSelector::Resolver
-    config.active_record.database_resolver_context = ActiveRecord::Middleware::DatabaseSelector::Resolver::Session
+
+    Fixes #39516.
+
+    *Austen Madden*
+
+*   Add basic support for CHECK constraints to database migrations.
+
+    Usage:
+
+    ```ruby
+    add_check_constraint :products, "price > 0", name: "price_check"
+    remove_check_constraint :products, name: "price_check"
     ```
 
-    To change the database selection strategy, pass a custom class to the
-    configuration options:
+    *fatkodima*
+
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.strict_loading_by_default` and `ActiveRecord::Base.strict_loading_by_default=`
+    to enable/disable strict_loading mode by default for a model. The configuration's value is
+    inheritable by subclasses, but they can override that value and it will not impact parent class.
 
+    Usage:
+
+    ```ruby
+    class Developer < ApplicationRecord
+      self.strict_loading_by_default = true
+
+      has_many :projects
+    end
+
+    dev = Developer.first
+    dev.projects.first
+    # => ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError Exception: Developer is marked as strict_loading and Project cannot be lazily loaded.
     ```
-    config.active_record.database_selector = { delay: 10.seconds }
-    config.active_record.database_resolver = MyResolver
-    config.active_record.database_resolver_context = MyResolver::MyCookies
+
+    *bogdanvlviv*
+
+*   Deprecate passing an Active Record object to `quote`/`type_cast` directly.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Default engine `ENGINE=InnoDB` is no longer dumped to make schema more agnostic.
+
+    Before:
+
+    ```ruby
+    create_table "accounts", options: "ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci", force: :cascade do |t|
+    end
     ```
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+    After:
 
-*   MySQL: Support `:size` option to change text and blob size.
+    ```ruby
+    create_table "accounts", charset: "utf8mb4", collation: "utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci", force: :cascade do |t|
+    end
+    ```
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Make `t.timestamps` with precision by default.
+*   Added delegated type as an alternative to single-table inheritance for representing class hierarchies.
+    See ActiveRecord::DelegatedType for the full description.
+
+    *DHH*
+
+*   Deprecate aggregations with group by duplicated fields.
+
+    To migrate to Rails 7.0's behavior, use `uniq!(:group)` to deduplicate group fields.
+
+    ```ruby
+    accounts = Account.group(:firm_id)
+
+    # duplicated group fields, deprecated.
+    accounts.merge(accounts.where.not(credit_limit: nil)).sum(:credit_limit)
+    # => {
+    #   [1, 1] => 50,
+    #   [2, 2] => 60
+    # }
+
+    # use `uniq!(:group)` to deduplicate group fields.
+    accounts.merge(accounts.where.not(credit_limit: nil)).uniq!(:group).sum(:credit_limit)
+    # => {
+    #   1 => 50,
+    #   2 => 60
+    # }
+    ```
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
+*   Deprecate duplicated query annotations.
 
-## Rails 6.0.0.beta1 (January 18, 2019) ##
+    To migrate to Rails 7.0's behavior, use `uniq!(:annotate)` to deduplicate query annotations.
 
-*   Remove deprecated `#set_state` from the transaction object.
+    ```ruby
+    accounts = Account.where(id: [1, 2]).annotate("david and mary")
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    # duplicated annotations, deprecated.
+    accounts.merge(accounts.rewhere(id: 3))
+    # SELECT accounts.* FROM accounts WHERE accounts.id = 3 /* david and mary */ /* david and mary */
 
-*   Remove deprecated `#supports_statement_cache?` from the database adapters.
+    # use `uniq!(:annotate)` to deduplicate annotations.
+    accounts.merge(accounts.rewhere(id: 3)).uniq!(:annotate)
+    # SELECT accounts.* FROM accounts WHERE accounts.id = 3 /* david and mary */
+    ```
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Remove deprecated `#insert_fixtures` from the database adapters.
+*   Resolve conflict between counter cache and optimistic locking.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    Bump an Active Record instance's lock version after updating its counter
+    cache. This avoids raising an unnecessary `ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError`
+    upon subsequent transactions by maintaining parity with the corresponding
+    database record's `lock_version` column.
 
-*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter#valid_alter_table_type?`.
+    Fixes #16449.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    *Aaron Lipman*
 
-*   Do not allow passing the column name to `sum` when a block is passed.
+*   Support merging option `:rewhere` to allow mergee side condition to be replaced exactly.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    ```ruby
+    david_and_mary = Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id)
 
-*   Do not allow passing the column name to `count` when a block is passed.
+    # both conflict conditions exists
+    david_and_mary.merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => []
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    # mergee side condition is replaced by rewhere
+    david_and_mary.merge(Author.rewhere(id: bob)) # => [bob]
 
-*   Remove delegation of missing methods in a relation to arel.
+    # mergee side condition is replaced by rewhere option
+    david_and_mary.merge(Author.where(id: bob), rewhere: true) # => [bob]
+    ```
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Remove delegation of missing methods in a relation to private methods of the class.
+*   Add support for finding records based on signed ids, which are tamper-proof, verified ids that can be
+    set to expire and scoped with a purpose. This is particularly useful for things like password reset
+    or email verification, where you want the bearer of the signed id to be able to interact with the
+    underlying record, but usually only within a certain time period.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    ```ruby
+    signed_id = User.first.signed_id expires_in: 15.minutes, purpose: :password_reset
 
-*   Deprecate `config.active_record.sqlite3.represent_boolean_as_integer`.
+    User.find_signed signed_id # => nil, since the purpose does not match
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    travel 16.minutes
+    User.find_signed signed_id, purpose: :password_reset # => nil, since the signed id has expired
 
-*   Change `SQLite3Adapter` to always represent boolean values as integers.
+    travel_back
+    User.find_signed signed_id, purpose: :password_reset # => User.first
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    User.find_signed! "bad data" # => ActiveSupport::MessageVerifier::InvalidSignature
+    ```
 
-*   Remove ability to specify a timestamp name for `#cache_key`.
+    *DHH*
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+*   Support `ALGORITHM = INSTANT` DDL option for index operations on MySQL.
 
-*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Migrator.migrations_path=`.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+*   Fix index creation to preserve index comment in bulk change table on MySQL.
 
-*   Remove deprecated `expand_hash_conditions_for_aggregates`.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+*   Allow `unscope` to be aware of table name qualified values.
 
-*   Set polymorphic type column to NULL on `dependent: :nullify` strategy.
+    It is possible to unscope only the column in the specified table.
 
-    On polymorphic associations both the foreign key and the foreign type columns will be set to NULL.
+    ```ruby
+    posts = Post.joins(:comments).group(:"posts.hidden")
+    posts = posts.where("posts.hidden": false, "comments.hidden": false)
 
-    *Laerti Papa*
+    posts.count
+    # => { false => 10 }
 
-*   Allow permitted instance of `ActionController::Parameters` as argument of `ActiveRecord::Relation#exists?`.
+    # unscope both hidden columns
+    posts.unscope(where: :hidden).count
+    # => { false => 11, true => 1 }
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    # unscope only comments.hidden column
+    posts.unscope(where: :"comments.hidden").count
+    # => { false => 11 }
+    ```
 
-*   Add support for endless ranges introduces in Ruby 2.6.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*, *Slava Korolev*
 
-    *Greg Navis*
+*   Fix `rewhere` to truly overwrite collided where clause by new where clause.
 
-*   Deprecate passing `migrations_paths` to `connection.assume_migrated_upto_version`.
+    ```ruby
+    steve = Person.find_by(name: "Steve")
+    david = Author.find_by(name: "David")
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    relation = Essay.where(writer: steve)
 
-*   MySQL: `ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC` create table option by default.
+    # Before
+    relation.rewhere(writer: david).to_a # => []
 
-    Since MySQL 5.7.9, the `innodb_default_row_format` option defines the default row
-    format for InnoDB tables. The default setting is `DYNAMIC`.
-    The row format is required for indexing on `varchar(255)` with `utf8mb4` columns.
+    # After
+    relation.rewhere(writer: david).to_a # => [david]
+    ```
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Fix join table column quoting with SQLite.
+*   Inspect time attributes with subsec and time zone offset.
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    ```ruby
+    p Knot.create
+    => #<Knot id: 1, created_at: "2016-05-05 01:29:47.116928000 +0000">
+    ```
 
-*   Allow disabling scopes generated by `ActiveRecord.enum`.
+    *akinomaeni*, *Jonathan Hefner*
 
-    *Alfred Dominic*
+*   Deprecate passing a column to `type_cast`.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Ensure that `delete_all` on collection proxy returns affected count.
+*   Deprecate `in_clause_length` and `allowed_index_name_length` in `DatabaseLimits`.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Reset scope after delete on collection association to clear stale offsets of removed records.
+*   Support bulk insert/upsert on relation to preserve scope values.
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    *Josef Šimánek*, *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Add the ability to prevent writes to a database for the duration of a block.
+*   Preserve column comment value on changing column name on MySQL.
 
-    Allows the application to prevent writes to a database. This can be useful when
-    you're building out multiple databases and want to make sure you're not sending
-    writes when you want a read.
+    *Islam Taha*
 
-    If `while_preventing_writes` is called and the query is considered a write
-    query the database will raise an exception regardless of whether the database
-    user is able to write.
+*   Add support for `if_exists` option for removing an index.
 
-    This is not meant to be a catch-all for write queries but rather a way to enforce
-    read-only queries without opening a second connection. One purpose of this is to
-    catch accidental writes, not all writes.
+    The `remove_index` method can take an `if_exists` option. If this is set to true an error won't be raised if the index doesn't exist.
 
     *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-*   Allow aliased attributes to be used in `#update_columns` and `#update`.
+*   Remove ibm_db, informix, mssql, oracle, and oracle12 Arel visitors which are not used in the code base.
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Allow spaces in postgres table names.
+*   Prevent `build_association` from `touching` a parent record if the record isn't persisted for `has_one` associations.
 
-    Fixes issue where "user post" is misinterpreted as "\"user\".\"post\"" when quoting table names with the postgres adapter.
+    Fixes #38219.
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    *Josh Brody*
+
+*   Add support for `if_not_exists` option for adding index.
 
-*   Cached `columns_hash` fields should be excluded from `ResultSet#column_types`.
+    The `add_index` method respects `if_not_exists` option. If it is set to true
+    index won't be added.
 
-    PR #34528 addresses the inconsistent behaviour when attribute is defined for an ignored column. The following test
-    was passing for SQLite and MySQL, but failed for PostgreSQL:
+    Usage:
 
     ```ruby
-    class DeveloperName < ActiveRecord::Type::String
-      def deserialize(value)
-        "Developer: #{value}"
-      end
-    end
+      add_index :users, :account_id, if_not_exists: true
+    ```
 
-    class AttributedDeveloper < ActiveRecord::Base
-      self.table_name = "developers"
+    The `if_not_exists` option passed to `create_table` also gets propagated to indexes
+    created within that migration so that if table and its indexes exist then there is no
+    attempt to create them again.
 
-      attribute :name, DeveloperName.new
+    *Prathamesh Sonpatki*
 
-      self.ignored_columns += ["name"]
-    end
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base#previously_new_record?` to show if a record was new before the last save.
 
-    developer = AttributedDeveloper.create
-    developer.update_column :name, "name"
+    *Tom Ward*
 
-    loaded_developer = AttributedDeveloper.where(id: developer.id).select("*").first
-    puts loaded_developer.name # should be "Developer: name" but it's just "name"
-    ```
+*   Support descending order for `find_each`, `find_in_batches`, and `in_batches`.
 
-    *Dmitry Tsepelev*
+    Batch processing methods allow you to work with the records in batches, greatly reducing memory consumption, but records are always batched from oldest id to newest.
 
-*   Make the implicit order column configurable.
+    This change allows reversing the order, batching from newest to oldest. This is useful when you need to process newer batches of records first.
 
-    When calling ordered finder methods such as `first` or `last` without an
-    explicit order clause, ActiveRecord sorts records by primary key. This can
-    result in unpredictable and surprising behaviour when the primary key is
-    not an auto-incrementing integer, for example when it's a UUID. This change
-    makes it possible to override the column used for implicit ordering such
-    that `first` and `last` will return more predictable results.
+    Pass `order: :desc` to yield batches in descending order. The default remains `order: :asc`.
 
-    Example:
+    ```ruby
+    Person.find_each(order: :desc) do |person|
+      person.party_all_night!
+    end
+    ```
 
-        class Project < ActiveRecord::Base
-          self.implicit_order_column = "created_at"
-        end
+    *Alexey Vasiliev*
 
-    *Tekin Suleyman*
+*   Fix `insert_all` with enum values.
 
-*   Bump minimum PostgreSQL version to 9.3.
+    Fixes #38716.
 
-    *Yasuo Honda*
+    *Joel Blum*
 
-*   Values of enum are frozen, raising an error when attempting to modify them.
+*   Add support for `db:rollback:name` for multiple database applications.
 
-    *Emmanuel Byrd*
+    Multiple database applications will now raise if `db:rollback` is call and recommend using the `db:rollback:[NAME]` to rollback migrations.
 
-*   Move `ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid` SQL to error property and include binds as separate error property.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractAdapter#translate_exception_class` now requires `binds` to be passed as the last argument.
+*   `Relation#pick` now uses already loaded results instead of making another query.
 
-    `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractAdapter#translate_exception` now requires `message`, `sql`, and `binds` to be passed as keyword arguments.
+    *Eugene Kenny*
 
-    Subclasses of `ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid` must now provide `sql:` and `binds:` arguments to `super`.
+*   Deprecate using `return`, `break` or `throw` to exit a transaction block after writes.
 
-    Example:
+    *Dylan Thacker-Smith*
 
-    ```
-    class MySubclassedError < ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid
-      def initialize(message, sql:, binds:)
-        super(message, sql: sql, binds: binds)
-      end
-    end
-    ```
+*   Dump the schema or structure of a database when calling `db:migrate:name`.
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    In previous versions of Rails, `rails db:migrate` would dump the schema of the database. In Rails 6, that holds true (`rails db:migrate` dumps all databases' schemas), but `rails db:migrate:name` does not share that behavior.
 
-*   Add an `:if_not_exists` option to `create_table`.
+    Going forward, calls to `rails db:migrate:name` will dump the schema (or structure) of the database being migrated.
 
-    Example:
+    *Kyle Thompson*
 
-        create_table :posts, if_not_exists: true do |t|
-          t.string :title
-        end
+*   Reset the `ActiveRecord::Base` connection after `rails db:migrate:name`.
 
-    That would execute:
+    When `rails db:migrate` has finished, it ensures the `ActiveRecord::Base` connection is reset to its original configuration. Going forward, `rails db:migrate:name` will have the same behavior.
 
-        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS posts (
-          ...
-        )
+    *Kyle Thompson*
 
-    If the table already exists, `if_not_exists: false` (the default) raises an
-    exception whereas `if_not_exists: true` does nothing.
+*   Disallow calling `connected_to` on subclasses of `ActiveRecord::Base`.
 
-    *fatkodima*, *Stefan Kanev*
+    Behavior has not changed here but the previous API could be misleading to people who thought it would switch connections for only that class. `connected_to` switches the context from which we are getting connections, not the connections themselves.
 
-*   Defining an Enum as a Hash with blank key, or as an Array with a blank value, now raises an `ArgumentError`.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    *Christophe Maximin*
+*   Add support for horizontal sharding to `connects_to` and `connected_to`.
 
-*   Adds support for multiple databases to `rails db:schema:cache:dump` and `rails db:schema:cache:clear`.
+    Applications can now connect to multiple shards and switch between their shards in an application. Note that the shard swapping is still a manual process as this change does not include an API for automatic shard swapping.
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    Usage:
 
-*   `update_columns` now correctly raises `ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError`
-    if the attribute does not exist.
+    Given the following configuration:
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    ```yaml
+    # config/database.yml
+    production:
+      primary:
+        database: my_database
+      primary_shard_one:
+        database: my_database_shard_one
+    ```
 
-*   Add support for hash and URL configs in database hash of `ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to`.
+    Connect to multiple shards:
 
-    ````
-    User.connected_to(database: { writing: "postgres://foo" }) do
-      User.create!(name: "Gannon")
-    end
+    ```ruby
+    class ApplicationRecord < ActiveRecord::Base
+      self.abstract_class = true
 
-    config = { "adapter" => "sqlite3", "database" => "db/readonly.sqlite3" }
-    User.connected_to(database: { reading: config }) do
-      User.count
-    end
-    ````
+      connects_to shards: {
+        default: { writing: :primary },
+        shard_one: { writing: :primary_shard_one }
+      }
+    ```
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    Swap between shards in your controller / model code:
 
-*   Support default expression for MySQL.
+    ```ruby
+    ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(shard: :shard_one) do
+      # Read from shard one
+    end
+    ```
+
+    The horizontal sharding API also supports read replicas. See guides for more details.
 
-    MySQL 8.0.13 and higher supports default value to be a function or expression.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/create-table.html
+*   Deprecate `spec_name` in favor of `name` on database configurations.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    The accessors for `spec_name` on `configs_for` and `DatabaseConfig` are deprecated. Please use `name` instead.
 
-*   Support expression indexes for MySQL.
+    Deprecated behavior:
 
-    MySQL 8.0.13 and higher supports functional key parts that index
-    expression values rather than column or column prefix values.
+    ```ruby
+    db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "development", spec_name: "primary")
+    db_config.spec_name
+    ```
 
-    https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/create-index.html
+    New behavior:
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    ```ruby
+    db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "development", name: "primary")
+    db_config.name
+    ```
 
-*   Fix collection cache key with limit and custom select to avoid ambiguous timestamp column error.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    Fixes #33056.
+*   Add additional database-specific rake tasks for multi-database users.
 
-    *Federico Martinez*
+    Previously, `rails db:create`, `rails db:drop`, and `rails db:migrate` were the only rails tasks that could operate on a single
+    database. For example:
 
-*   Add basic API for connection switching to support multiple databases.
+    ```
+    rails db:create
+    rails db:create:primary
+    rails db:create:animals
+    rails db:drop
+    rails db:drop:primary
+    rails db:drop:animals
+    rails db:migrate
+    rails db:migrate:primary
+    rails db:migrate:animals
+    ```
 
-    1) Adds a `connects_to` method for models to connect to multiple databases. Example:
+    With these changes, `rails db:schema:dump`, `rails db:schema:load`, `rails db:structure:dump`, `rails db:structure:load` and
+    `rails db:test:prepare` can additionally operate on a single database. For example:
 
     ```
-    class AnimalsModel < ApplicationRecord
-      self.abstract_class = true
+    rails db:schema:dump
+    rails db:schema:dump:primary
+    rails db:schema:dump:animals
+    rails db:schema:load
+    rails db:schema:load:primary
+    rails db:schema:load:animals
+    rails db:structure:dump
+    rails db:structure:dump:primary
+    rails db:structure:dump:animals
+    rails db:structure:load
+    rails db:structure:load:primary
+    rails db:structure:load:animals
+    rails db:test:prepare
+    rails db:test:prepare:primary
+    rails db:test:prepare:animals
+    ```
 
-      connects_to database: { writing: :animals_primary, reading: :animals_replica }
-    end
+    *Kyle Thompson*
+
+*   Add support for `strict_loading` mode on association declarations.
+
+    Raise an error if attempting to load a record from an association that has been marked as `strict_loading` unless it was explicitly eager loaded.
+
+    Usage:
 
-    class Dog < AnimalsModel
-      # connected to both the animals_primary db for writing and the animals_replica for reading
+    ```ruby
+    class Developer < ApplicationRecord
+      has_many :projects, strict_loading: true
     end
+
+    dev = Developer.first
+    dev.projects.first
+    # => ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError: The projects association is marked as strict_loading and cannot be lazily loaded.
     ```
 
-    2) Adds a `connected_to` block method for switching connection roles or connecting to
-    a database that the model didn't connect to. Connecting to the database in this block is
-    useful when you have another defined connection, for example `slow_replica` that you don't
-    want to connect to by default but need in the console, or a specific code block.
+    *Kevin Deisz*
+
+*   Add support for `strict_loading` mode to prevent lazy loading of records.
+
+    Raise an error if a parent record is marked as `strict_loading` and attempts to lazily load its associations. This is useful for finding places you may want to preload an association and avoid additional queries.
+
+    Usage:
 
+    ```ruby
+    dev = Developer.strict_loading.first
+    dev.audit_logs.to_a
+    # => ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError: Developer is marked as strict_loading and AuditLog cannot be lazily loaded.
     ```
-    ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :reading) do
-      Dog.first # finds dog from replica connected to AnimalsBase
-      Book.first # doesn't have a reading connection, will raise an error
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *Aaron Patterson*
+
+*   Add support for PostgreSQL 11+ partitioned indexes when using `upsert_all`.
+
+    *Sebastián Palma*
+
+*   Adds support for `if_not_exists` to `add_column` and `if_exists` to `remove_column`.
+
+    Applications can set their migrations to ignore exceptions raised when adding a column that already exists or when removing a column that does not exist.
+
+    Example Usage:
+
+    ```ruby
+    class AddColumnTitle < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.1]
+      def change
+        add_column :posts, :title, :string, if_not_exists: true
+      end
     end
     ```
 
-    ```
-    ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(database: :slow_replica) do
-      SlowReplicaModel.first # if the db config has a slow_replica configuration this will be used to do the lookup, otherwise this will throw an exception
+    ```ruby
+    class RemoveColumnTitle < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.1]
+      def change
+        remove_column :posts, :title, if_exists: true
+      end
     end
     ```
 
     *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-*   Enum raises on invalid definition values
+*   Regexp-escape table name for MS SQL Server.
 
-    When defining a Hash enum it can be easy to use `[]` instead of `{}`. This
-    commit checks that only valid definition values are provided, those can
-    be a Hash, an array of Symbols or an array of Strings. Otherwise it
-    raises an `ArgumentError`.
+    Add `Regexp.escape` to one method in ActiveRecord, so that table names with regular expression characters in them work as expected. Since MS SQL Server uses "[" and "]" to quote table and column names, and those characters are regular expression characters, methods like `pluck` and `select` fail in certain cases when used with the MS SQL Server adapter.
 
-    Fixes #33961
+    *Larry Reid*
 
-    *Alberto Almagro*
+*   Store advisory locks on their own named connection.
 
-*   Reloading associations now clears the Query Cache like `Persistence#reload` does.
+    Previously advisory locks were taken out against a connection when a migration started. This works fine in single database applications but doesn't work well when migrations need to open new connections which results in the lock getting dropped.
 
-    ```
-    class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
-      has_one :category
-      belongs_to :author
-      has_many :comments
-    end
+    In order to fix this we are storing the advisory lock on a new connection with the connection specification name `AdvisoryLockBase`. The caveat is that we need to maintain at least 2 connections to a database while migrations are running in order to do this.
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
+
+*   Allow schema cache path to be defined in the database configuration file.
 
-    # Each of the following will now clear the query cache.
-    post.reload_category
-    post.reload_author
-    post.comments.reload
+    For example:
+
+    ```yaml
+    development:
+      adapter: postgresql
+      database: blog_development
+      pool: 5
+      schema_cache_path: tmp/schema/main.yml
     ```
 
-    *Christophe Maximin*
+    *Katrina Owen*
 
-*   Added `index` option for `change_table` migration helpers.
-    With this change you can create indexes while adding new
-    columns into the existing tables.
+*   Deprecate `#remove_connection` in favor of `#remove_connection_pool` when called on the handler.
 
-    Example:
+    `#remove_connection` is deprecated in order to support returning a `DatabaseConfig` object instead of a `Hash`. Use `#remove_connection_pool`, `#remove_connection` will be removed in Rails 7.0.
 
-        change_table(:languages) do |t|
-          t.string :country_code, index: true
-        end
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
+
+*   Deprecate `#default_hash` and it's alias `#[]` on database configurations.
 
-    *Mehmet Emin İNAÇ*
+    Applications should use `configs_for`. `#default_hash` and `#[]` will be removed in Rails 7.0.
 
-*   Fix `transaction` reverting for migrations.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    Before: Commands inside a `transaction` in a reverted migration ran uninverted.
-    Now: This change fixes that by reverting commands inside `transaction` block.
+*   Add scale support to `ActiveRecord::Validations::NumericalityValidator`.
 
-    *fatkodima*, *David Verhasselt*
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-*   Raise an error instead of scanning the filesystem root when `fixture_path` is blank.
+*   Find orphans by looking for missing relations through chaining `where.missing`:
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*, *Max Albrecht*
+    Before:
+
+    ```ruby
+    Post.left_joins(:author).where(authors: { id: nil })
+    ```
+
+    After:
+
+    ```ruby
+    Post.where.missing(:author)
+    ```
 
-*   Allow `ActiveRecord::Base.configurations=` to be set with a symbolized hash.
+    *Tom Rossi*
+
+*   Ensure `:reading` connections always raise if a write is attempted.
+
+    Now Rails will raise an `ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyError` if any connection on the reading handler attempts to make a write. If your reading role needs to write you should name the role something other than `:reading`.
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+
+*   Deprecate `"primary"` as the `connection_specification_name` for `ActiveRecord::Base`.
+
+    `"primary"` has been deprecated as the `connection_specification_name` for `ActiveRecord::Base` in favor of using `"ActiveRecord::Base"`. This change affects calls to `ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handler.retrieve_connection` and `ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handler.remove_connection`. If you're calling these methods with `"primary"`, please switch to `"ActiveRecord::Base"`.
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
+
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Validations::NumericalityValidator` with
+    support for casting floats using a database columns' precision value.
 
     *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-*   Don't update counter cache unless the record is actually saved.
+*   Enforce fresh ETag header after a collection's contents change by adding
+    ActiveRecord::Relation#cache_key_with_version. This method will be used by
+    ActionController::ConditionalGet to ensure that when collection cache versioning
+    is enabled, requests using ConditionalGet don't return the same ETag header
+    after a collection is modified.
 
-    Fixes #31493, #33113, #33117.
+    Fixes #38078.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Aaron Lipman*
+
+*   Skip test database when running `db:create` or `db:drop` in development
+    with `DATABASE_URL` set.
+
+    *Brian Buchalter*
 
-*   Deprecate `ActiveRecord::Result#to_hash` in favor of `ActiveRecord::Result#to_a`.
+*   Don't allow mutations on the database configurations hash.
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*, *Kevin Cheng*
+    Freeze the configurations hash to disallow directly changing it. If applications need to change the hash, for example to create databases for parallelization, they should use the `DatabaseConfig` object directly.
 
-*   SQLite3 adapter supports expression indexes.
+    Before:
 
+    ```ruby
+    @db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "test", spec_name: "primary")
+    @db_config.configuration_hash.merge!(idle_timeout: "0.02")
     ```
-    create_table :users do |t|
-      t.string :email
-    end
 
-    add_index :users, 'lower(email)', name: 'index_users_on_email', unique: true
+    After:
+
+    ```ruby
+    @db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "test", spec_name: "primary")
+    config = @db_config.configuration_hash.merge(idle_timeout: "0.02")
+    db_config = ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::HashConfig.new(@db_config.env_name, @db_config.spec_name, config)
     ```
 
-    *Gray Kemmey*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   Allow subclasses to redefine autosave callbacks for associated records.
+*   Remove `:connection_id` from the `sql.active_record` notification.
 
-    Fixes #33305.
+    *Aaron Patterson*, *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Andrey Subbota*
+*   The `:name` key will no longer be returned as part of `DatabaseConfig#configuration_hash`. Please use `DatabaseConfig#owner_name` instead.
 
-*   Bump minimum MySQL version to 5.5.8.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    *Yasuo Honda*
+*   ActiveRecord's `belongs_to_required_by_default` flag can now be set per model.
 
-*   Use MySQL utf8mb4 character set by default.
+    You can now opt-out/opt-in specific models from having their associations required
+    by default.
 
-    `utf8mb4` character set with 4-Byte encoding supports supplementary characters including emoji.
-    The previous default 3-Byte encoding character set `utf8` is not enough to support them.
+    This change is meant to ease the process of migrating all your models to have
+    their association required.
 
-    *Yasuo Honda*
+    *Edouard Chin*
 
-*   Fix duplicated record creation when using nested attributes with `create_with`.
+*   The `connection_config` method has been deprecated, please use `connection_db_config` instead which will return a `DatabaseConfigurations::DatabaseConfig` instead of a `Hash`.
 
-    *Darwin Wu*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   Configuration item `config.filter_parameters` could also filter out
-    sensitive values of database columns when calling `#inspect`.
-    We also added `ActiveRecord::Base::filter_attributes`/`=` in order to
-    specify sensitive attributes to specific model.
+*   Retain explicit selections on the base model after applying `includes` and `joins`.
 
-    ```
-    Rails.application.config.filter_parameters += [:credit_card_number, /phone/]
-    Account.last.inspect # => #<Account id: 123, name: "DHH", credit_card_number: [FILTERED], telephone_number: [FILTERED] ...>
-    SecureAccount.filter_attributes += [:name]
-    SecureAccount.last.inspect # => #<SecureAccount id: 42, name: [FILTERED], credit_card_number: [FILTERED] ...>
-    ```
+    Resolves #34889.
 
-    *Zhang Kang*, *Yoshiyuki Kinjo*
+    *Patrick Rebsch*
 
-*   Deprecate `column_name_length`, `table_name_length`, `columns_per_table`,
-    `indexes_per_table`, `columns_per_multicolumn_index`, `sql_query_length`,
-    and `joins_per_query` methods in `DatabaseLimits`.
+*   The `database` kwarg is deprecated without replacement because it can't be used for sharding and creates an issue if it's used during a request. Applications that need to create new connections should use `connects_to` instead.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   `ActiveRecord::Base.configurations` now returns an object.
+*   Allow attributes to be fetched from Arel node groupings.
 
-    `ActiveRecord::Base.configurations` used to return a hash, but this
-    is an inflexible data model. In order to improve multiple-database
-    handling in Rails, we've changed this to return an object. Some methods
-    are provided to make the object behave hash-like in order to ease the
-    transition process. Since most applications don't manipulate the hash
-    we've decided to add backwards-compatible functionality that will throw
-    a deprecation warning if used, however calling `ActiveRecord::Base.configurations`
-    will use the new version internally and externally.
+    *Jeff Emminger*, *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-    For example, the following `database.yml`:
+*   A database URL can now contain a querystring value that contains an equal sign. This is needed to support passing PostgreSQL `options`.
 
-    ```
-    development:
-      adapter: sqlite3
-      database: db/development.sqlite3
-    ```
+    *Joshua Flanagan*
 
-    Used to become a hash:
+*   Calling methods like `establish_connection` with a `Hash` which is invalid (eg: no `adapter`) will now raise an error the same way as connections defined in `config/database.yml`.
 
-    ```
-    { "development" => { "adapter" => "sqlite3", "database" => "db/development.sqlite3" } }
-    ```
+    *John Crepezzi*
 
-    Is now converted into the following object:
+*   Specifying `implicit_order_column` now subsorts the records by primary key if available to ensure deterministic results.
 
-    ```
-    #<ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations:0x00007fd1acbdf800 @configurations=[
-      #<ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::HashConfig:0x00007fd1acbded10 @env_name="development",
-        @spec_name="primary", @config={"adapter"=>"sqlite3", "database"=>"db/development.sqlite3"}>
-      ]
-    ```
+    *Paweł Urbanek*
 
-    Iterating over the database configurations has also changed. Instead of
-    calling hash methods on the `configurations` hash directly, a new method `configs_for` has
-    been provided that allows you to select the correct configuration. `env_name` and
-    `spec_name` arguments are optional. For example, these return an array of
-    database config objects for the requested environment and a single database config object
-    will be returned for the requested environment and specification name respectively.
+*   `where(attr => [])` now loads an empty result without making a query.
 
-    ```
-    ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "development")
-    ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "development", spec_name: "primary")
-    ```
+    *John Hawthorn*
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *Aaron Patterson*
+*   Fixed the performance regression for `primary_keys` introduced MySQL 8.0.
+
+    *Hiroyuki Ishii*
+
+*   Add support for `belongs_to` to `has_many` inversing.
 
-*   Add database configuration to disable advisory locks.
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
+
+*   Allow length configuration for `has_secure_token` method. The minimum length
+    is set at 24 characters.
+
+    Before:
 
+    ```ruby
+    has_secure_token :auth_token
     ```
-    production:
-      adapter: postgresql
-      advisory_locks: false
+
+    After:
+
+    ```ruby
+    has_secure_token :default_token             # 24 characters
+    has_secure_token :auth_token, length: 36    # 36 characters
+    has_secure_token :invalid_token, length: 12 # => ActiveRecord::SecureToken::MinimumLengthError
     ```
 
-    *Guo Xiang*
+    *Bernardo de Araujo*
 
-*   SQLite3 adapter `alter_table` method restores foreign keys.
+*   Deprecate `DatabaseConfigurations#to_h`. These connection hashes are still available via `ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for`.
 
-    *Yasuo Honda*
+    *Eileen Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   Allow `:to_table` option to `invert_remove_foreign_key`.
+*   Add `DatabaseConfig#configuration_hash` to return database configuration hashes with symbol keys, and use all symbol-key configuration hashes internally. Deprecate `DatabaseConfig#config` which returns a String-keyed `Hash` with the same values.
 
-    Example:
+    *John Crepezzi*, *Eileen Uchitelle*
 
-       remove_foreign_key :accounts, to_table: :owners
+*   Allow column names to be passed to `remove_index` positionally along with other options.
 
-    *Nikolay Epifanov*, *Rich Chen*
+    Passing other options can be necessary to make `remove_index` correctly reversible.
 
-*   Add environment & load_config dependency to `bin/rake db:seed` to enable
-    seed load in environments without Rails and custom DB configuration
+    Before:
+
+        add_index    :reports, :report_id               # => works
+        add_index    :reports, :report_id, unique: true # => works
+        remove_index :reports, :report_id               # => works
+        remove_index :reports, :report_id, unique: true # => ArgumentError
 
-    *Tobias Bielohlawek*
+    After:
 
-*   Fix default value for mysql time types with specified precision.
+        remove_index :reports, :report_id, unique: true # => works
 
-    *Nikolay Kondratyev*
+    *Eugene Kenny*
 
-*   Fix `touch` option to behave consistently with `Persistence#touch` method.
+*   Allow bulk `ALTER` statements to drop and recreate indexes with the same name.
+
+    *Eugene Kenny*
+
+*   `insert`, `insert_all`, `upsert`, and `upsert_all` now clear the query cache.
+
+    *Eugene Kenny*
+
+*   Call `while_preventing_writes` directly from `connected_to`.
+
+    In some cases application authors want to use the database switching middleware and make explicit calls with `connected_to`. It's possible for an app to turn off writes and not turn them back on by the time we call `connected_to(role: :writing)`.
+
+    This change allows apps to fix this by assuming if a role is writing we want to allow writes, except in the case it's explicitly turned off.
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+
+*   Improve detection of ActiveRecord::StatementTimeout with mysql2 adapter in the edge case when the query is terminated during filesort.
+
+    *Kir Shatrov*
+
+*   Stop trying to read yaml file fixtures when loading Active Record fixtures.
+
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
+
+*   Deprecate `.reorder(nil)` with `.first` / `.first!` taking non-deterministic result.
+
+    To continue taking non-deterministic result, use `.take` / `.take!` instead.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Migrations raise when duplicate column definition.
+*   Preserve user supplied joins order as much as possible.
 
-    Fixes #33024.
+    Fixes #36761, #34328, #24281, #12953.
 
-    *Federico Martinez*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Bump minimum SQLite version to 3.8
+*   Allow `matches_regex` and `does_not_match_regexp` on the MySQL Arel visitor.
 
-    *Yasuo Honda*
+    *James Pearson*
 
-*   Fix parent record should not get saved with duplicate children records.
+*   Allow specifying fixtures to be ignored by setting `ignore` in YAML file's '_fixture' section.
 
-    Fixes #32940.
+    *Tongfei Gao*
 
-    *Santosh Wadghule*
+*   Make the DATABASE_URL env variable only affect the primary connection. Add new env variables for multiple databases.
 
-*   Fix logic on disabling commit callbacks so they are not called unexpectedly when errors occur.
+    *John Crepezzi*, *Eileen Uchitelle*
 
-    *Brian Durand*
+*   Add a warning for enum elements with 'not_' prefix.
 
-*   Ensure `Associations::CollectionAssociation#size` and `Associations::CollectionAssociation#empty?`
-    use loaded association ids if present.
+        class Foo
+          enum status: [:sent, :not_sent]
+        end
 
-    *Graham Turner*
+    *Edu Depetris*
 
-*   Add support to preload associations of polymorphic associations when not all the records have the requested associations.
+*   Make currency symbols optional for money column type in PostgreSQL.
 
-    *Dana Sherson*
+    *Joel Schneider*
 
-*   Add `touch_all` method to `ActiveRecord::Relation`.
+*   Add support for beginless ranges, introduced in Ruby 2.7.
 
-    Example:
+    *Josh Goodall*
 
-        Person.where(name: "David").touch_all(time: Time.new(2020, 5, 16, 0, 0, 0))
+*   Add `database_exists?` method to connection adapters to check if a database exists.
 
-    *fatkodima*, *duggiefresh*
+    *Guilherme Mansur*
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.base_class?` predicate.
+*   Loading the schema for a model that has no `table_name` raises a `TableNotSpecified` error.
 
-    *Bogdan Gusiev*
+    *Guilherme Mansur*, *Eugene Kenny*
 
-*   Add custom prefix/suffix options to `ActiveRecord::Store.store_accessor`.
+*   PostgreSQL: Fix GROUP BY with ORDER BY virtual count attribute.
 
-    *Tan Huynh*, *Yukio Mizuta*
+    Fixes #36022.
 
-*   Rails 6 requires Ruby 2.5.0 or newer.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Jeremy Daer*, *Kasper Timm Hansen*
+*   Make ActiveRecord `ConnectionPool.connections` method thread-safe.
 
-*   Deprecate `update_attributes`/`!` in favor of `update`/`!`.
+    Fixes #36465.
 
-    *Eddie Lebow*
+    *Jeff Doering*
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.create_or_find_by`/`!` to deal with the SELECT/INSERT race condition in
-    `ActiveRecord::Base.find_or_create_by`/`!` by leaning on unique constraints in the database.
+*   Add support for multiple databases to `rails db:abort_if_pending_migrations`.
 
-    *DHH*
+    *Mark Lee*
 
-*   Add `Relation#pick` as short-hand for single-value plucks.
+*   Fix sqlite3 collation parsing when using decimal columns.
 
-    *DHH*
+    *Martin R. Schuster*
+
+*   Fix invalid schema when primary key column has a comment.
+
+    Fixes #29966.
+
+    *Guilherme Goettems Schneider*
+
+*   Fix table comment also being applied to the primary key column.
+
+    *Guilherme Goettems Schneider*
+
+*   Allow generated `create_table` migrations to include or skip timestamps.
+
+    *Michael Duchemin*
 
 
-Please check [5-2-stable](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/5-2-stable/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md) for previous changes.
+Please check [6-0-stable](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/6-0-stable/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md) for previous changes.