activerecord 6.0.3.7 → 6.1.0.rc1

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data/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,1242 +1,1271 @@
-## Rails 6.0.3.7 (May 05, 2021) ##
+## Rails 6.1.0.rc1 (November 02, 2020) ##
 
-*   No changes.
+*   Add `connected_to_many` API.
 
+    This API allows applications to connect to multiple databases at once without switching all of them or implementing a deeply nested stack.
 
-## Rails 6.0.3.6 (March 26, 2021) ##
+    Before:
 
-*   No changes.
+      AnimalsRecord.connected_to(role: :reading) do
+        MealsRecord.connected_to(role: :reading) do
+          Dog.first # read from animals replica
+          Dinner.first # read from meals replica
+          Person.first # read from primary writer
+        end
+      end
 
+    After:
 
-## Rails 6.0.3.5 (February 10, 2021) ##
+      ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to_many([AnimalsRecord, MealsRecord], role: :reading) do
+        Dog.first # read from animals replica
+        Dinner.first # read from meals replica
+        Person.first # read from primary writer
+      end
 
-*   Fix possible DoS vector in PostgreSQL money type
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    Carefully crafted input can cause a DoS via the regular expressions used
-    for validating the money format in the PostgreSQL adapter.  This patch
-    fixes the regexp.
+*   Add option to raise or log for `ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError`.
 
-    Thanks to @dee-see from Hackerone for this patch!
+    Some applications may not want to raise an error in production if using `strict_loading`. This would allow an application to set strict loading to log for the production environment while still raising in development and test environments.
 
-    [CVE-2021-22880]
+    Set `config.active_record.action_on_strict_loading_violation` to `:log` errors instead of raising.
 
-    *Aaron Patterson*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
+*   Allow the inverse of a `has_one` association that was previously autosaved to be loaded.
 
-## Rails 6.0.3.4 (October 07, 2020) ##
+    Fixes #34255.
 
-*   No changes.
+    *Steven Weber*
 
+*   Optimise the length of index names for polymorphic references by using the reference name rather than the type and id column names.
 
-## Rails 6.0.3.3 (September 09, 2020) ##
+    Because the default behaviour when adding an index with multiple columns is to use all column names in the index name, this could frequently lead to overly long index names for polymorphic references which would fail the migration if it exceeded the database limit.
 
-*   No changes.
+    This change reduces the chance of that happening by using the reference name, e.g. `index_my_table_on_my_reference`.
 
+    Fixes #38655.
 
-## Rails 6.0.3.2 (June 17, 2020) ##
+    *Luke Redpath*
 
-*   No changes.
+*   MySQL: Uniqueness validator now respects default database collation,
+    no longer enforce case sensitive comparison by default.
 
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-## Rails 6.0.3.1 (May 18, 2020) ##
+*   Remove deprecated methods from `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::DatabaseLimits`.
 
-*   No changes.
+    `column_name_length`
+    `table_name_length`
+    `columns_per_table`
+    `indexes_per_table`
+    `columns_per_multicolumn_index`
+    `sql_query_length`
+    `joins_per_query`
 
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-## Rails 6.0.3 (May 06, 2020) ##
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractAdapter#supports_multi_insert?`.
 
-*   Recommend applications don't use the `database` kwarg in `connected_to`
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    The database kwarg in `connected_to` was meant to be used for one-off scripts but is often used in requests. This is really dangerous because it re-establishes a connection every time. It's deprecated in 6.1 and will be removed in 6.2 without replacement. This change soft deprecates it in 6.0 by removing documentation.
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractAdapter#supports_foreign_keys_in_create?`.
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Fix support for PostgreSQL 11+ partitioned indexes.
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::PostgreSQLAdapter#supports_ranges?`.
 
-    *Sebastián Palma*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Add support for beginless ranges, introduced in Ruby 2.7.
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Base#update_attributes` and `ActiveRecord::Base#update_attributes!`.
 
-    *Josh Goodall*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Fix insert_all with enum values
+*   Remove deprecated `migrations_path` argument in `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapter::SchemaStatements#assume_migrated_upto_version`.
 
-    Fixes #38716.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Joel Blum*
+*   Remove deprecated `config.active_record.sqlite3.represent_boolean_as_integer`.
 
-*   Regexp-escape table name for MS SQL
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    Add `Regexp.escape` to one method in ActiveRecord, so that table names with regular expression characters in them work as expected. Since MS SQL Server uses "[" and "]" to quote table and column names, and those characters are regular expression characters, methods like `pluck` and `select` fail in certain cases when used with the MS SQL Server adapter.
+*   `relation.create` does no longer leak scope to class level querying methods
+    in initialization block and callbacks.
 
-    *Larry Reid*
+    Before:
 
-*   Store advisory locks on their own named connection.
+        User.where(name: "John").create do |john|
+          User.find_by(name: "David") # => nil
+        end
 
-    Previously advisory locks were taken out against a connection when a migration started. This works fine in single database applications but doesn't work well when migrations need to open new connections which results in the lock getting dropped.
+    After:
 
-    In order to fix this we are storing the advisory lock on a new connection with the connection specification name `AdisoryLockBase`. The caveat is that we need to maintain at least 2 connections to a database while migrations are running in order to do this.
+        User.where(name: "John").create do |john|
+          User.find_by(name: "David") # => #<User name: "David", ...>
+        end
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Ensure `:reading` connections always raise if a write is attempted.
+*   Named scope chain does no longer leak scope to class level querying methods.
 
-    Now Rails will raise an `ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyError` if any connection on the reading handler attempts to make a write. If your reading role needs to write you should name the role something other than `:reading`.
+        class class User < ActiveRecord::Base
+          scope :david, -> { User.where(name: "David") }
+        end
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+    Before:
 
-*   Enforce fresh ETag header after a collection's contents change by adding
-    ActiveRecord::Relation#cache_key_with_version. This method will be used by
-    ActionController::ConditionalGet to ensure that when collection cache versioning
-    is enabled, requests using ConditionalGet don't return the same ETag header
-    after a collection is modified. Fixes #38078.
+        User.where(name: "John").david
+        # SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'John' AND name = 'David'
 
-    *Aaron Lipman*
+    After:
 
-*   A database URL can now contain a querystring value that contains an equal sign. This is needed to support passing PostgresSQL `options`.
+        User.where(name: "John").david
+        # SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'David'
 
-     *Joshua Flanagan*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Retain explicit selections on the base model after applying `includes` and `joins`.
+*   Remove deprecated methods from `ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations`.
 
-    Resolves #34889.
+    `fetch`
+    `each`
+    `first`
+    `values`
+    `[]=`
 
-    *Patrick Rebsch*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
+*   `where.not` now generates NAND predicates instead of NOR.
 
-## Rails 6.0.2.2 (March 19, 2020) ##
+     Before:
 
-*   No changes.
+         User.where.not(name: "Jon", role: "admin")
+         # SELECT * FROM users WHERE name != 'Jon' AND role != 'admin'
 
+     After:
 
-## Rails 6.0.2.1 (December 18, 2019) ##
+         User.where.not(name: "Jon", role: "admin")
+         # SELECT * FROM users WHERE NOT (name == 'Jon' AND role == 'admin')
 
-*   No changes.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Result#to_hash` method.
 
-## Rails 6.0.2 (December 13, 2019) ##
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Share the same connection pool for primary and replica databases in the
-    transactional tests for the same database.
+*   Deprecate `ActiveRecord::Base.allow_unsafe_raw_sql`.
 
-    *Edouard Chin*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Fix the preloader when one record is fetched using `after_initialize`
-    but not the entire collection.
+*   Remove deprecated support for using unsafe raw SQL in `ActiveRecord::Relation` methods.
 
-    *Bradley Price*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Fix collection callbacks not terminating when `:abort` is thrown.
+*   Allow users to silence the "Rails couldn't infer whether you are using multiple databases..."
+    message using `config.active_record.suppress_multiple_database_warning`.
 
-    *Edouard Chin*, *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Omri Gabay*
 
-*   Correctly deprecate `where.not` working as NOR for relations.
+*   Connections can be granularly switched for abstract classes when `connected_to` is called.
 
-    12a9664 deprecated where.not working as NOR, however
-    doing a relation query like `where.not(relation: { ... })`
-    wouldn't be properly deprecated and `where.not` would work as
-    NAND instead.
+    This change allows `connected_to` to switch a `role` and/or `shard` for a single abstract class instead of all classes globally. Applications that want to use the new feature need to set `config.active_record.legacy_connection_handling` to `false` in their application configuration.
 
-    *Edouard Chin*
+    Example usage:
 
-*   Fix `db:migrate` task with multiple databases to restore the connection
-    to the previous database.
+    Given an application we have a `User` model that inherits from `ApplicationRecord` and a `Dog` model that inherits from `AnimalsRecord`. `AnimalsRecord` and `ApplicationRecord` have writing and reading connections as well as shard `default`, `one`, and `two`.
 
-    The migrate task iterates and establish a connection over each db
-    resulting in the last one to be used by subsequent rake tasks.
-    We should reestablish a connection to the connection that was
-    established before the migrate tasks was run
+    ```ruby
+    ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :reading) do
+      User.first # reads from default replica
+      Dog.first # reads from default replica
 
-    *Edouard Chin*
+      AnimalsRecord.connected_to(role: :writing, shard: :one) do
+        User.first # reads from default replica
+        Dog.first # reads from shard one primary
+      end
 
-*   Fix multi-threaded issue for `AcceptanceValidator`.
+      User.first # reads from default replica
+      Dog.first # reads from default replica
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+      ApplicationRecord.connected_to(role: :writing, shard: :two) do
+        User.first # reads from shard two primary
+        Dog.first # reads from default replica
+      end
+    end
+    ```
 
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-## Rails 6.0.1 (November 5, 2019) ##
+*   Allow double-dash comment syntax when querying read-only databases
 
-*    Common Table Expressions are allowed on read-only connections.
+    *James Adam*
 
-     *Chris Morris*
+*   Add `values_at` method.
 
-*    New record instantiation respects `unscope`.
+    Returns an array containing the values associated with the given methods.
 
-     *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    ```ruby
+    topic = Topic.first
+    topic.values_at(:title, :author_name)
+    # => ["Budget", "Jason"]
+    ```
 
-*    Fixed a case where `find_in_batches` could halt too early.
+    Similar to `Hash#values_at` but on an Active Record instance.
 
-     *Takayuki Nakata*
+    *Guillaume Briday*
 
-*    Autosaved associations always perform validations when a custom validation
-     context is used.
+*   Fix `read_attribute_before_type_cast` to consider attribute aliases.
 
-     *Tekin Suleyman*
+    *Marcelo Lauxen*
 
-*    `sql.active_record` notifications now include the `:connection` in
-     their payloads.
+*   Support passing record to uniqueness validator `:conditions` callable:
 
-     *Eugene Kenny*
+    ```ruby
+    class Article < ApplicationRecord
+      validates_uniqueness_of :title, conditions: ->(article) {
+        published_at = article.published_at
+        where(published_at: published_at.beginning_of_year..published_at.end_of_year)
+      }
+    end
+    ```
 
-*    A rollback encountered in an `after_commit` callback does not reset
-     previously-committed record state.
+    *Eliot Sykes*
 
-     *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   `BatchEnumerator#update_all` and `BatchEnumerator#delete_all` now return the
+    total number of rows affected, just like their non-batched counterparts.
 
-*    Fixed that join order was lost when eager-loading.
+    ```ruby
+    Person.in_batches.update_all("first_name = 'Eugene'") # => 42
+    Person.in_batches.delete_all # => 42
+    ```
 
-     *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    Fixes #40287.
 
-*   `DESCRIBE` queries are allowed on read-only connections.
+    *Eugene Kenny*
 
-    *Dylan Thacker-Smith*
+*   Add support for PostgreSQL `interval` data type with conversion to
+    `ActiveSupport::Duration` when loading records from database and
+    serialization to ISO 8601 formatted duration string on save.
+    Add support to define a column in migrations and get it in a schema dump.
+    Optional column precision is supported.
 
-*   Fixed that records that had been `inspect`ed could not be marshaled.
+    To use this in 6.1, you need to place the next string to your model file:
 
-    *Eugene Kenny*
+        attribute :duration, :interval
 
-*   The connection pool reaper thread is respawned in forked processes. This
-    fixes that idle connections in forked processes wouldn't be reaped.
+    To keep old behavior until 6.2 is released:
 
-    *John Hawthorn*
+        attribute :duration, :string
 
-*   The memoized result of `ActiveRecord::Relation#take` is properly cleared
-    when `ActiveRecord::Relation#reset` or `ActiveRecord::Relation#reload`
-    is called.
+    Example:
 
-    *Anmol Arora*
+        create_table :events do |t|
+          t.string   :name
+          t.interval :duration
+        end
 
-*   Fixed the performance regression for `primary_keys` introduced MySQL 8.0.
+        class Event < ApplicationRecord
+          attribute :duration, :interval
+        end
 
-    *Hiroyuki Ishii*
+        Event.create!(name: 'Rock Fest', duration: 2.days)
+        Event.last.duration # => 2 days
+        Event.last.duration.iso8601 # => "P2D"
+        Event.new(duration: 'P1DT12H3S').duration # => 1 day, 12 hours, and 3 seconds
+        Event.new(duration: '1 day') # Unknown value will be ignored and NULL will be written to database
 
-*   `insert`, `insert_all`, `upsert`, and `upsert_all` now clear the query cache.
+    *Andrey Novikov*
 
-    *Eugene Kenny*
+*   Allow associations supporting the `dependent:` key to take `dependent: :destroy_async`.
 
-*   Call `while_preventing_writes` directly from `connected_to`.
+    ```ruby
+    class Account < ActiveRecord::Base
+        belongs_to :supplier, dependent: :destroy_async
+    end
+    ```
 
-    In some cases application authors want to use the database switching middleware and make explicit calls with `connected_to`. It's possible for an app to turn off writes and not turn them back on by the time we call `connected_to(role: :writing)`.
+    `:destroy_async` will enqueue a job to destroy associated records in the background.
 
-    This change allows apps to fix this by assuming if a role is writing we want to allow writes, except in the case it's explicitly turned off.
+    *DHH*, *George Claghorn*, *Cory Gwin*, *Rafael Mendonça França*, *Adrianna Chang*
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+*   Add `SKIP_TEST_DATABASE` environment variable to disable modifying the test database when `rails db:create` and `rails db:drop` are called.
 
-*   Improve detection of ActiveRecord::StatementTimeout with mysql2 adapter in the edge case when the query is terminated during filesort.
+    *Jason Schweier*
 
-    *Kir Shatrov*
+*   `connects_to` can only be called on `ActiveRecord::Base` or abstract classes.
 
+    Ensure that `connects_to` can only be called from `ActiveRecord::Base` or abstract classes. This protects the application from opening duplicate or too many connections.
 
-## Rails 6.0.0 (August 16, 2019) ##
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   Preserve user supplied joins order as much as possible.
+*   All connection adapters `execute` now raises `ActiveRecord::ConnectionNotEstablished` rather than
+    `ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid` when they encounter a connection error.
 
-    Fixes #36761, #34328, #24281, #12953.
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   `Mysql2Adapter#quote_string` now raises `ActiveRecord::ConnectionNotEstablished` rather than
+    `ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid` when it can't connect to the MySQL server.
 
-*   Make the DATABASE_URL env variable only affect the primary connection. Add new env variables for multiple databases.
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-    *John Crepezzi*, *Eileen Uchitelle*
+*   Add support for check constraints that are `NOT VALID` via `validate: false` (PostgreSQL-only).
 
-*   Add a warning for enum elements with 'not_' prefix.
+    *Alex Robbin*
 
-        class Foo
-          enum status: [:sent, :not_sent]
-        end
+*   Ensure the default configuration is considered primary or first for an environment
 
-    *Edu Depetris*
+    If a multiple database application provides a configuration named primary, that will be treated as default. In applications that do not have a primary entry, the default database configuration will be the first configuration for an environment.
 
-*   Make currency symbols optional for money column type in PostgreSQL
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    *Joel Schneider*
+*   Allow `where` references association names as joined table name aliases.
 
+    ```ruby
+    class Comment < ActiveRecord::Base
+      enum label: [:default, :child]
+      has_many :children, class_name: "Comment", foreign_key: :parent_id
+    end
 
-## Rails 6.0.0.rc2 (July 22, 2019) ##
+    # ... FROM comments LEFT OUTER JOIN comments children ON ... WHERE children.label = 1
+    Comment.includes(:children).where("children.label": "child")
+    ```
 
-*   Add database_exists? method to connection adapters to check if a database exists.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Guilherme Mansur*
+*   Support storing demodulized class name for polymorphic type.
 
-*   PostgreSQL: Fix GROUP BY with ORDER BY virtual count attribute.
+    Before Rails 6.1, storing demodulized class name is supported only for STI type
+    by `store_full_sti_class` class attribute.
 
-    Fixes #36022.
+    Now `store_full_class_name` class attribute can handle both STI and polymorphic types.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Make ActiveRecord `ConnectionPool.connections` method thread-safe.
-
-    Fixes #36465.
+*   Deprecate `rails db:structure:{load, dump}` tasks and extend
+    `rails db:schema:{load, dump}` tasks to work with either `:ruby` or `:sql` format,
+    depending on `config.active_record.schema_format` configuration value.
 
-    *Jeff Doering*
+    *fatkodima*
 
-*   Fix sqlite3 collation parsing when using decimal columns.
+*   Respect the `select` values for eager loading.
 
-    *Martin R. Schuster*
+    ```ruby
+    post = Post.select("UPPER(title) AS title").first
+    post.title # => "WELCOME TO THE WEBLOG"
+    post.body  # => ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError
+
+    # Rails 6.0 (ignore the `select` values)
+    post = Post.select("UPPER(title) AS title").eager_load(:comments).first
+    post.title # => "Welcome to the weblog"
+    post.body  # => "Such a lovely day"
+
+    # Rails 6.1 (respect the `select` values)
+    post = Post.select("UPPER(title) AS title").eager_load(:comments).first
+    post.title # => "WELCOME TO THE WEBLOG"
+    post.body  # => ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError
+    ```
 
-*   Fix invalid schema when primary key column has a comment.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    Fixes #29966.
+*   Allow attribute's default to be configured but keeping its own type.
 
-    *Guilherme Goettems Schneider*
+    ```ruby
+    class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
+      attribute :written_at, default: -> { Time.now.utc }
+    end
 
-*   Fix table comment also being applied to the primary key column.
+    # Rails 6.0
+    Post.type_for_attribute(:written_at) # => #<Type::Value ... precision: nil, ...>
 
-    *Guilherme Goettems Schneider*
+    # Rails 6.1
+    Post.type_for_attribute(:written_at) # => #<Type::DateTime ... precision: 6, ...>
+    ```
 
-*   Fix merging left_joins to maintain its own `join_type` context.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    Fixes #36103.
+*   Allow default to be configured for Enum.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    ```ruby
+    class Book < ActiveRecord::Base
+      enum status: [:proposed, :written, :published], _default: :published
+    end
 
+    Book.new.status # => "published"
+    ```
 
-## Rails 6.0.0.rc1 (April 24, 2019) ##
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Add `touch` option to `has_one` association.
+*   Deprecate YAML loading from legacy format older than Rails 5.0.
 
-    *Abhay Nikam*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Deprecate `where.not` working as NOR and will be changed to NAND in Rails 6.1.
+*   Added the setting `ActiveRecord::Base.immutable_strings_by_default`, which
+    allows you to specify that all string columns should be frozen unless
+    otherwise specified. This will reduce memory pressure for applications which
+    do not generally mutate string properties of Active Record objects.
 
-    ```ruby
-    all = [treasures(:diamond), treasures(:sapphire), cars(:honda), treasures(:sapphire)]
-    assert_equal all, PriceEstimate.all.map(&:estimate_of)
-    ```
+    *Sean Griffin*, *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    In Rails 6.0:
+*   Deprecate `map!` and `collect!` on `ActiveRecord::Result`.
 
-    ```ruby
-    sapphire = treasures(:sapphire)
-
-    nor = all.reject { |e|
-      e.estimate_of_type == sapphire.class.polymorphic_name
-    }.reject { |e|
-      e.estimate_of_id == sapphire.id
-    }
-    assert_equal [cars(:honda)], nor
-
-    without_sapphire = PriceEstimate.where.not(
-      estimate_of_type: sapphire.class.polymorphic_name, estimate_of_id: sapphire.id
-    )
-    assert_equal nor, without_sapphire.map(&:estimate_of)
-    ```
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    In Rails 6.1:
+*   Support `relation.and` for intersection as Set theory.
 
     ```ruby
-    sapphire = treasures(:sapphire)
+    david_and_mary = Author.where(id: [david, mary])
+    mary_and_bob   = Author.where(id: [mary, bob])
 
-    nand = all - [sapphire]
-    assert_equal [treasures(:diamond), cars(:honda)], nand
+    david_and_mary.merge(mary_and_bob) # => [mary, bob]
 
-    without_sapphire = PriceEstimate.where.not(
-      estimate_of_type: sapphire.class.polymorphic_name, estimate_of_id: sapphire.id
-    )
-    assert_equal nand, without_sapphire.map(&:estimate_of)
+    david_and_mary.and(mary_and_bob) # => [mary]
+    david_and_mary.or(mary_and_bob)  # => [david, mary, bob]
     ```
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Fix dirty tracking after rollback.
+*   Merging conditions on the same column no longer maintain both conditions,
+    and will be consistently replaced by the latter condition in Rails 6.2.
+    To migrate to Rails 6.2's behavior, use `relation.merge(other, rewhere: true)`.
 
-    Fixes #15018, #30167, #33868.
+    ```ruby
+    # Rails 6.1 (IN clause is replaced by merger side equality condition)
+    Author.where(id: [david.id, mary.id]).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => [bob]
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    # Rails 6.1 (both conflict conditions exists, deprecated)
+    Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => []
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Relation#cache_version` to support recyclable cache keys via
-    the versioned entries in `ActiveSupport::Cache`. This also means that
-    `ActiveRecord::Relation#cache_key` will now return a stable key that does not
-    include the max timestamp or count any more.
+    # Rails 6.1 with rewhere to migrate to Rails 6.2's behavior
+    Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id).merge(Author.where(id: bob), rewhere: true) # => [bob]
 
-    NOTE: This feature is turned off by default, and `cache_key` will still return
-    cache keys with timestamps until you set `ActiveRecord::Base.collection_cache_versioning = true`.
-    That's the setting for all new apps on Rails 6.0+
+    # Rails 6.2 (same behavior with IN clause, mergee side condition is consistently replaced)
+    Author.where(id: [david.id, mary.id]).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => [bob]
+    Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => [bob]
+    ```
 
-    *Lachlan Sylvester*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Fix dirty tracking for `touch` to track saved changes.
+*   Do not mark Postgresql MAC address and UUID attributes as changed when the assigned value only varies by case.
 
-    Fixes #33429.
+    *Peter Fry*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamzono*
+*   Resolve issue with insert_all unique_by option when used with expression index.
 
-*   `change_column_comment` and `change_table_comment` are invertible only if
-    `to` and `from` options are specified.
+    When the `:unique_by` option of `ActiveRecord::Persistence.insert_all` and
+    `ActiveRecord::Persistence.upsert_all` was used with the name of an expression index, an error
+    was raised. Adding a guard around the formatting behavior for the `:unique_by` corrects this.
 
-    *Yoshiyuki Kinjo*
+    Usage:
+
+    ```ruby
+    create_table :books, id: :integer, force: true do |t|
+      t.column :name, :string
+      t.index "lower(name)", unique: true
+    end
 
-*   Don't call commit/rollback callbacks when a record isn't saved.
+    Book.insert_all [{ name: "MyTest" }], unique_by: :index_books_on_lower_name
+    ```
 
-    Fixes #29747.
+    Fixes #39516.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Austen Madden*
 
-*   Fix circular `autosave: true` causes invalid records to be saved.
+*   Add basic support for CHECK constraints to database migrations.
 
-    Prior to the fix, when there was a circular series of `autosave: true`
-    associations, the callback for a `has_many` association was run while
-    another instance of the same callback on the same association hadn't
-    finished running. When control returned to the first instance of the
-    callback, the instance variable had changed, and subsequent associated
-    records weren't saved correctly. Specifically, the ID field for the
-    `belongs_to` corresponding to the `has_many` was `nil`.
+    Usage:
 
-    Fixes #28080.
+    ```ruby
+    add_check_constraint :products, "price > 0", name: "price_check"
+    remove_check_constraint :products, name: "price_check"
+    ```
 
-    *Larry Reid*
+    *fatkodima*
 
-*   Raise `ArgumentError` for invalid `:limit` and `:precision` like as other options.
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.strict_loading_by_default` and `ActiveRecord::Base.strict_loading_by_default=`
+    to enable/disable strict_loading mode by default for a model. The configuration's value is
+    inheritable by subclasses, but they can override that value and it will not impact parent class.
 
-    Before:
+    Usage:
 
     ```ruby
-    add_column :items, :attr1, :binary,   size: 10      # => ArgumentError
-    add_column :items, :attr2, :decimal,  scale: 10     # => ArgumentError
-    add_column :items, :attr3, :integer,  limit: 10     # => ActiveRecordError
-    add_column :items, :attr4, :datetime, precision: 10 # => ActiveRecordError
-    ```
+    class Developer < ApplicationRecord
+      self.strict_loading_by_default = true
 
-    After:
+      has_many :projects
+    end
 
-    ```ruby
-    add_column :items, :attr1, :binary,   size: 10      # => ArgumentError
-    add_column :items, :attr2, :decimal,  scale: 10     # => ArgumentError
-    add_column :items, :attr3, :integer,  limit: 10     # => ArgumentError
-    add_column :items, :attr4, :datetime, precision: 10 # => ArgumentError
+    dev = Developer.first
+    dev.projects.first
+    # => ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError Exception: Developer is marked as strict_loading and Project cannot be lazily loaded.
     ```
 
+    *bogdanvlviv*
+
+*   Deprecate passing an Active Record object to `quote`/`type_cast` directly.
+
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Association loading isn't to be affected by scoping consistently
-    whether preloaded / eager loaded or not, with the exception of `unscoped`.
+*   Default engine `ENGINE=InnoDB` is no longer dumped to make schema more agnostic.
 
     Before:
 
     ```ruby
-    Post.where("1=0").scoping do
-      Comment.find(1).post                   # => nil
-      Comment.preload(:post).find(1).post    # => #<Post id: 1, ...>
-      Comment.eager_load(:post).find(1).post # => #<Post id: 1, ...>
+    create_table "accounts", options: "ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci", force: :cascade do |t|
     end
     ```
 
     After:
 
     ```ruby
-    Post.where("1=0").scoping do
-      Comment.find(1).post                   # => #<Post id: 1, ...>
-      Comment.preload(:post).find(1).post    # => #<Post id: 1, ...>
-      Comment.eager_load(:post).find(1).post # => #<Post id: 1, ...>
+    create_table "accounts", charset: "utf8mb4", collation: "utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci", force: :cascade do |t|
     end
     ```
 
-    Fixes #34638, #35398.
-
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Add `rails db:prepare` to migrate or setup a database.
-
-    Runs `db:migrate` if the database exists or `db:setup` if it doesn't.
-
-    *Roberto Miranda*
-
-*   Add `after_save_commit` callback as shortcut for `after_commit :hook, on: [ :create, :update ]`.
+*   Added delegated type as an alternative to single-table inheritance for representing class hierarchies.
+    See ActiveRecord::DelegatedType for the full description.
 
     *DHH*
 
-*   Assign all attributes before calling `build` to ensure the child record is visible in
-    `before_add` and `after_add` callbacks for `has_many :through` associations.
-
-    Fixes #33249.
+*   Deprecate aggregations with group by duplicated fields.
 
-    *Ryan H. Kerr*
+    To migrate to Rails 6.2's behavior, use `uniq!(:group)` to deduplicate group fields.
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Relation#extract_associated` for extracting associated records from a relation.
-
-    ```
-    account.memberships.extract_associated(:user)
-    # => Returns collection of User records
+    ```ruby
+    accounts = Account.group(:firm_id)
+
+    # duplicated group fields, deprecated.
+    accounts.merge(accounts.where.not(credit_limit: nil)).sum(:credit_limit)
+    # => {
+    #   [1, 1] => 50,
+    #   [2, 2] => 60
+    # }
+
+    # use `uniq!(:group)` to deduplicate group fields.
+    accounts.merge(accounts.where.not(credit_limit: nil)).uniq!(:group).sum(:credit_limit)
+    # => {
+    #   1 => 50,
+    #   2 => 60
+    # }
     ```
 
-    *DHH*
-
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Relation#annotate` for adding SQL comments to its queries.
-
-    For example:
-
-    ```
-    Post.where(id: 123).annotate("this is a comment").to_sql
-    # SELECT "posts".* FROM "posts" WHERE "posts"."id" = 123 /* this is a comment */
-    ```
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    This can be useful in instrumentation or other analysis of issued queries.
+*   Deprecate duplicated query annotations.
 
-    *Matt Yoho*
+    To migrate to Rails 6.2's behavior, use `uniq!(:annotate)` to deduplicate query annotations.
 
-*   Support Optimizer Hints.
+    ```ruby
+    accounts = Account.where(id: [1, 2]).annotate("david and mary")
 
-    In most databases, a way to control the optimizer is by using optimizer hints,
-    which can be specified within individual statements.
+    # duplicated annotations, deprecated.
+    accounts.merge(accounts.rewhere(id: 3))
+    # SELECT accounts.* FROM accounts WHERE accounts.id = 3 /* david and mary */ /* david and mary */
 
-    Example (for MySQL):
+    # use `uniq!(:annotate)` to deduplicate annotations.
+    accounts.merge(accounts.rewhere(id: 3)).uniq!(:annotate)
+    # SELECT accounts.* FROM accounts WHERE accounts.id = 3 /* david and mary */
+    ```
 
-        Topic.optimizer_hints("MAX_EXECUTION_TIME(50000)", "NO_INDEX_MERGE(topics)")
-        # SELECT /*+ MAX_EXECUTION_TIME(50000) NO_INDEX_MERGE(topics) */ `topics`.* FROM `topics`
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    Example (for PostgreSQL with pg_hint_plan):
+*   Resolve conflict between counter cache and optimistic locking.
 
-        Topic.optimizer_hints("SeqScan(topics)", "Parallel(topics 8)")
-        # SELECT /*+ SeqScan(topics) Parallel(topics 8) */ "topics".* FROM "topics"
+    Bump an Active Record instance's lock version after updating its counter
+    cache. This avoids raising an unnecessary `ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError`
+    upon subsequent transactions by maintaining parity with the corresponding
+    database record's `lock_version` column.
 
-    See also:
+    Fixes #16449.
 
-    * https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/optimizer-hints.html
-    * https://pghintplan.osdn.jp/pg_hint_plan.html
-    * https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/12.2/tgsql/influencing-the-optimizer.html
-    * https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/hints-transact-sql-query?view=sql-server-2017
-    * https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/SSEPGG_11.1.0/com.ibm.db2.luw.admin.perf.doc/doc/c0070117.html
+    *Aaron Lipman*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Support merging option `:rewhere` to allow mergee side condition to be replaced exactly.
 
-*   Fix query attribute method on user-defined attribute to be aware of typecasted value.
+    ```ruby
+    david_and_mary = Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id)
 
-    For example, the following code no longer return false as casted non-empty string:
+    # both conflict conditions exists
+    david_and_mary.merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => []
 
-    ```
-    class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
-      attribute :user_defined_text, :text
-    end
+    # mergee side condition is replaced by rewhere
+    david_and_mary.merge(Author.rewhere(id: bob)) # => [bob]
 
-    Post.new(user_defined_text: "false").user_defined_text? # => true
+    # mergee side condition is replaced by rewhere option
+    david_and_mary.merge(Author.where(id: bob), rewhere: true) # => [bob]
     ```
 
-    *Yuji Kamijima*
-
-*   Quote empty ranges like other empty enumerables.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Patrick Rebsch*
+*   Add support for finding records based on signed ids, which are tamper-proof, verified ids that can be
+    set to expire and scoped with a purpose. This is particularly useful for things like password reset
+    or email verification, where you want the bearer of the signed id to be able to interact with the
+    underlying record, but usually only within a certain time period.
 
-*   Add `insert_all`/`insert_all!`/`upsert_all` methods to `ActiveRecord::Persistence`,
-    allowing bulk inserts akin to the bulk updates provided by `update_all` and
-    bulk deletes by `delete_all`.
+    ```ruby
+    signed_id = User.first.signed_id expires_in: 15.minutes, purpose: :password_reset
 
-    Supports skipping or upserting duplicates through the `ON CONFLICT` syntax
-    for PostgreSQL (9.5+) and SQLite (3.24+) and `ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE` syntax
-    for MySQL.
+    User.find_signed signed_id # => nil, since the purpose does not match
 
-    *Bob Lail*
+    travel 16.minutes
+    User.find_signed signed_id, purpose: :password_reset # => nil, since the signed id has expired
 
-*   Add `rails db:seed:replant` that truncates tables of each database
-    for current environment and loads the seeds.
+    travel_back
+    User.find_signed signed_id, purpose: :password_reset # => User.first
 
-    *bogdanvlviv*, *DHH*
+    User.find_signed! "bad data" # => ActiveSupport::MessageVerifier::InvalidSignature
+    ```
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.connection.truncate` for SQLite3 adapter.
+    *DHH*
 
-    *bogdanvlviv*
+*   Support `ALGORITHM = INSTANT` DDL option for index operations on MySQL.
 
-*   Deprecate mismatched collation comparison for uniqueness validator.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    Uniqueness validator will no longer enforce case sensitive comparison in Rails 6.1.
-    To continue case sensitive comparison on the case insensitive column,
-    pass `case_sensitive: true` option explicitly to the uniqueness validator.
+*   Fix index creation to preserve index comment in bulk change table on MySQL.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Add `reselect` method. This is a short-hand for `unscope(:select).select(fields)`.
+*   Allow `unscope` to be aware of table name qualified values.
 
-    Fixes #27340.
+    It is possible to unscope only the column in the specified table.
 
-    *Willian Gustavo Veiga*
+    ```ruby
+    posts = Post.joins(:comments).group(:"posts.hidden")
+    posts = posts.where("posts.hidden": false, "comments.hidden": false)
 
-*   Add negative scopes for all enum values.
+    posts.count
+    # => { false => 10 }
 
-    Example:
+    # unscope both hidden columns
+    posts.unscope(where: :hidden).count
+    # => { false => 11, true => 1 }
 
-        class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
-          enum status: %i[ drafted active trashed ]
-        end
+    # unscope only comments.hidden column
+    posts.unscope(where: :"comments.hidden").count
+    # => { false => 11 }
+    ```
 
-        Post.not_drafted # => where.not(status: :drafted)
-        Post.not_active  # => where.not(status: :active)
-        Post.not_trashed # => where.not(status: :trashed)
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*, *Slava Korolev*
 
-    *DHH*
+*   Fix `rewhere` to truly overwrite collided where clause by new where clause.
 
-*   Fix different `count` calculation when using `size` with manual `select` with DISTINCT.
+    ```ruby
+    steve = Person.find_by(name: "Steve")
+    david = Author.find_by(name: "David")
 
-    Fixes #35214.
+    relation = Essay.where(writer: steve)
 
-    *Juani Villarejo*
+    # Before
+    relation.rewhere(writer: david).to_a # => []
 
+    # After
+    relation.rewhere(writer: david).to_a # => [david]
+    ```
 
-## Rails 6.0.0.beta3 (March 11, 2019) ##
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   No changes.
+*   Inspect time attributes with subsec.
 
+    ```ruby
+    p Knot.create
+    => #<Knot id: 1, created_at: "2016-05-05 01:29:47.116928000">
+    ```
 
-## Rails 6.0.0.beta2 (February 25, 2019) ##
+    *akinomaeni*
 
-*   Fix prepared statements caching to be enabled even when query caching is enabled.
+*   Deprecate passing a column to `type_cast`.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Ensure `update_all` series cares about optimistic locking.
+*   Deprecate `in_clause_length` and `allowed_index_name_length` in `DatabaseLimits`.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Don't allow `where` with non numeric string matches to 0 values.
+*   Support bulk insert/upsert on relation to preserve scope values.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Josef Šimánek*, *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Introduce `ActiveRecord::Relation#destroy_by` and `ActiveRecord::Relation#delete_by`.
+*   Preserve column comment value on changing column name on MySQL.
 
-    `destroy_by` allows relation to find all the records matching the condition and perform
-    `destroy_all` on the matched records.
+    *Islam Taha*
 
-    Example:
+*   Add support for `if_exists` option for removing an index.
 
-        Person.destroy_by(name: 'David')
-        Person.destroy_by(name: 'David', rating: 4)
+    The `remove_index` method can take an `if_exists` option. If this is set to true an error won't be raised if the index doesn't exist.
 
-        david = Person.find_by(name: 'David')
-        david.posts.destroy_by(id: [1, 2, 3])
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    `delete_by` allows relation to find all the records matching the condition and perform
-    `delete_all` on the matched records.
+*   Remove ibm_db, informix, mssql, oracle, and oracle12 Arel visitors which are not used in the code base.
 
-    Example:
-
-        Person.delete_by(name: 'David')
-        Person.delete_by(name: 'David', rating: 4)
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-        david = Person.find_by(name: 'David')
-        david.posts.delete_by(id: [1, 2, 3])
+*   Prevent `build_association` from `touching` a parent record if the record isn't persisted for `has_one` associations.
 
-    *Abhay Nikam*
+    Fixes #38219.
 
-*   Don't allow `where` with invalid value matches to nil values.
+    *Josh Brody*
 
-    Fixes #33624.
+*   Add support for `if_not_exists` option for adding index.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    The `add_index` method respects `if_not_exists` option. If it is set to true
+    index won't be added.
 
-*   SQLite3: Implement `add_foreign_key` and `remove_foreign_key`.
+    Usage:
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    ```ruby
+      add_index :users, :account_id, if_not_exists: true
+    ```
 
-*   Deprecate using class level querying methods if the receiver scope
-    regarded as leaked. Use `klass.unscoped` to avoid the leaking scope.
+    The `if_not_exists` option passed to `create_table` also gets propagated to indexes
+    created within that migration so that if table and its indexes exist then there is no
+    attempt to create them again.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Prathamesh Sonpatki*
 
-*   Allow applications to automatically switch connections.
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base#previously_new_record?` to show if a record was new before the last save.
 
-    Adds a middleware and configuration options that can be used in your
-    application to automatically switch between the writing and reading
-    database connections.
+    *Tom Ward*
 
-    `GET` and `HEAD` requests will read from the replica unless there was
-    a write in the last 2 seconds, otherwise they will read from the primary.
-    Non-get requests will always write to the primary. The middleware accepts
-    an argument for a Resolver class and an Operations class where you are able
-    to change how the auto-switcher works to be most beneficial for your
-    application.
+*   Support descending order for `find_each`, `find_in_batches`, and `in_batches`.
 
-    To use the middleware in your application you can use the following
-    configuration options:
+    Batch processing methods allow you to work with the records in batches, greatly reducing memory consumption, but records are always batched from oldest id to newest.
 
-    ```
-    config.active_record.database_selector = { delay: 2.seconds }
-    config.active_record.database_resolver = ActiveRecord::Middleware::DatabaseSelector::Resolver
-    config.active_record.database_resolver_context = ActiveRecord::Middleware::DatabaseSelector::Resolver::Session
-    ```
+    This change allows reversing the order, batching from newest to oldest. This is useful when you need to process newer batches of records first.
 
-    To change the database selection strategy, pass a custom class to the
-    configuration options:
+    Pass `order: :desc` to yield batches in descending order. The default remains `order: :asc`.
 
+    ```ruby
+    Person.find_each(order: :desc) do |person|
+      person.party_all_night!
+    end
     ```
-    config.active_record.database_selector = { delay: 10.seconds }
-    config.active_record.database_resolver = MyResolver
-    config.active_record.database_resolver_context = MyResolver::MyCookies
-    ```
-
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
-
-*   MySQL: Support `:size` option to change text and blob size.
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Make `t.timestamps` with precision by default.
+    *Alexey Vasiliev*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Fix `insert_all` with enum values.
 
+    Fixes #38716.
 
-## Rails 6.0.0.beta1 (January 18, 2019) ##
+    *Joel Blum*
 
-*   Remove deprecated `#set_state` from the transaction object.
+*   Add support for `db:rollback:name` for multiple database applications.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    Multiple database applications will now raise if `db:rollback` is call and recommend using the `db:rollback:[NAME]` to rollback migrations.
 
-*   Remove deprecated `#supports_statement_cache?` from the database adapters.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+*   `Relation#pick` now uses already loaded results instead of making another query.
 
-*   Remove deprecated `#insert_fixtures` from the database adapters.
+    *Eugene Kenny*
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+*   Deprecate using `return`, `break` or `throw` to exit a transaction block after writes.
 
-*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter#valid_alter_table_type?`.
+    *Dylan Thacker-Smith*
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+*   Dump the schema or structure of a database when calling `db:migrate:name`.
 
-*   Do not allow passing the column name to `sum` when a block is passed.
+    In previous versions of Rails, `rails db:migrate` would dump the schema of the database. In Rails 6, that holds true (`rails db:migrate` dumps all databases' schemas), but `rails db:migrate:name` does not share that behavior.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    Going forward, calls to `rails db:migrate:name` will dump the schema (or structure) of the database being migrated.
 
-*   Do not allow passing the column name to `count` when a block is passed.
+    *Kyle Thompson*
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+*   Reset the `ActiveRecord::Base` connection after `rails db:migrate:name`.
 
-*   Remove delegation of missing methods in a relation to arel.
+    When `rails db:migrate` has finished, it ensures the `ActiveRecord::Base` connection is reset to its original configuration. Going forward, `rails db:migrate:name` will have the same behavior.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    *Kyle Thompson*
 
-*   Remove delegation of missing methods in a relation to private methods of the class.
+*   Disallow calling `connected_to` on subclasses of `ActiveRecord::Base`.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    Behavior has not changed here but the previous API could be misleading to people who thought it would switch connections for only that class. `connected_to` switches the context from which we are getting connections, not the connections themselves.
 
-*   Deprecate `config.active_record.sqlite3.represent_boolean_as_integer`.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+*   Add support for horizontal sharding to `connects_to` and `connected_to`.
 
-*   Change `SQLite3Adapter` to always represent boolean values as integers.
+    Applications can now connect to multiple shards and switch between their shards in an application. Note that the shard swapping is still a manual process as this change does not include an API for automatic shard swapping.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    Usage:
 
-*   Remove ability to specify a timestamp name for `#cache_key`.
+    Given the following configuration:
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    ```yaml
+    # config/database.yml
+    production:
+      primary:
+        database: my_database
+      primary_shard_one:
+        database: my_database_shard_one
+    ```
 
-*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Migrator.migrations_path=`.
+    Connect to multiple shards:
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    ```ruby
+    class ApplicationRecord < ActiveRecord::Base
+      self.abstract_class = true
 
-*   Remove deprecated `expand_hash_conditions_for_aggregates`.
+      connects_to shards: {
+        default: { writing: :primary },
+        shard_one: { writing: :primary_shard_one }
+      }
+    ```
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    Swap between shards in your controller / model code:
 
-*   Set polymorphic type column to NULL on `dependent: :nullify` strategy.
+    ```ruby
+    ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(shard: :shard_one) do
+      # Read from shard one
+    end
+    ```
 
-    On polymorphic associations both the foreign key and the foreign type columns will be set to NULL.
+    The horizontal sharding API also supports read replicas. See guides for more details.
 
-    *Laerti Papa*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   Allow permitted instance of `ActionController::Parameters` as argument of `ActiveRecord::Relation#exists?`.
+*   Deprecate `spec_name` in favor of `name` on database configurations.
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    The accessors for `spec_name` on `configs_for` and `DatabaseConfig` are deprecated. Please use `name` instead.
 
-*   Add support for endless ranges introduces in Ruby 2.6.
+    Deprecated behavior:
 
-    *Greg Navis*
+    ```ruby
+    db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configs_for(env_name: "development", spec_name: "primary")
+    db_config.spec_name
+    ```
 
-*   Deprecate passing `migrations_paths` to `connection.assume_migrated_upto_version`.
+    New behavior:
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    ```ruby
+    db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configs_for(env_name: "development", name: "primary")
+    db_config.name
+    ```
 
-*   MySQL: `ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC` create table option by default.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    Since MySQL 5.7.9, the `innodb_default_row_format` option defines the default row
-    format for InnoDB tables. The default setting is `DYNAMIC`.
-    The row format is required for indexing on `varchar(255)` with `utf8mb4` columns.
+*   Add additional database-specific rake tasks for multi-database users.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    Previously, `rails db:create`, `rails db:drop`, and `rails db:migrate` were the only rails tasks that could operate on a single
+    database. For example:
 
-*   Fix join table column quoting with SQLite.
+    ```
+    rails db:create
+    rails db:create:primary
+    rails db:create:animals
+    rails db:drop
+    rails db:drop:primary
+    rails db:drop:animals
+    rails db:migrate
+    rails db:migrate:primary
+    rails db:migrate:animals
+    ```
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    With these changes, `rails db:schema:dump`, `rails db:schema:load`, `rails db:structure:dump`, `rails db:structure:load` and
+    `rails db:test:prepare` can additionally operate on a single database. For example:
 
-*   Allow disabling scopes generated by `ActiveRecord.enum`.
+    ```
+    rails db:schema:dump
+    rails db:schema:dump:primary
+    rails db:schema:dump:animals
+    rails db:schema:load
+    rails db:schema:load:primary
+    rails db:schema:load:animals
+    rails db:structure:dump
+    rails db:structure:dump:primary
+    rails db:structure:dump:animals
+    rails db:structure:load
+    rails db:structure:load:primary
+    rails db:structure:load:animals
+    rails db:test:prepare
+    rails db:test:prepare:primary
+    rails db:test:prepare:animals
+    ```
 
-    *Alfred Dominic*
+    *Kyle Thompson*
 
-*   Ensure that `delete_all` on collection proxy returns affected count.
+*   Add support for `strict_loading` mode on association declarations.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    Raise an error if attempting to load a record from an association that has been marked as `strict_loading` unless it was explicitly eager loaded.
 
-*   Reset scope after delete on collection association to clear stale offsets of removed records.
+    Usage:
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    ```ruby
+    class Developer < ApplicationRecord
+      has_many :projects, strict_loading: true
+    end
 
-*   Add the ability to prevent writes to a database for the duration of a block.
+    dev = Developer.first
+    dev.projects.first
+    # => ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError: The projects association is marked as strict_loading and cannot be lazily loaded.
+    ```
 
-    Allows the application to prevent writes to a database. This can be useful when
-    you're building out multiple databases and want to make sure you're not sending
-    writes when you want a read.
+    *Kevin Deisz*
 
-    If `while_preventing_writes` is called and the query is considered a write
-    query the database will raise an exception regardless of whether the database
-    user is able to write.
+*   Add support for `strict_loading` mode to prevent lazy loading of records.
 
-    This is not meant to be a catch-all for write queries but rather a way to enforce
-    read-only queries without opening a second connection. One purpose of this is to
-    catch accidental writes, not all writes.
+    Raise an error if a parent record is marked as `strict_loading` and attempts to lazily load its associations. This is useful for finding places you may want to preload an association and avoid additional queries.
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+    Usage:
 
-*   Allow aliased attributes to be used in `#update_columns` and `#update`.
+    ```ruby
+    dev = Developer.strict_loading.first
+    dev.audit_logs.to_a
+    # => ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError: Developer is marked as strict_loading and AuditLog cannot be lazily loaded.
+    ```
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *Aaron Patterson*
 
-*   Allow spaces in postgres table names.
+*   Add support for PostgreSQL 11+ partitioned indexes when using `upsert_all`.
 
-    Fixes issue where "user post" is misinterpreted as "\"user\".\"post\"" when quoting table names with the postgres adapter.
+    *Sebastián Palma*
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+*   Adds support for `if_not_exists` to `add_column` and `if_exists` to `remove_column`.
 
-*   Cached `columns_hash` fields should be excluded from `ResultSet#column_types`.
+    Applications can set their migrations to ignore exceptions raised when adding a column that already exists or when removing a column that does not exist.
 
-    PR #34528 addresses the inconsistent behaviour when attribute is defined for an ignored column. The following test
-    was passing for SQLite and MySQL, but failed for PostgreSQL:
+    Example Usage:
 
     ```ruby
-    class DeveloperName < ActiveRecord::Type::String
-      def deserialize(value)
-        "Developer: #{value}"
+    class AddColumnTitle < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.1]
+      def change
+        add_column :posts, :title, :string, if_not_exists: true
       end
     end
+    ```
 
-    class AttributedDeveloper < ActiveRecord::Base
-      self.table_name = "developers"
-
-      attribute :name, DeveloperName.new
-
-      self.ignored_columns += ["name"]
+    ```ruby
+    class RemoveColumnTitle < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.1]
+      def change
+        remove_column :posts, :title, if_exists: true
+      end
     end
-
-    developer = AttributedDeveloper.create
-    developer.update_column :name, "name"
-
-    loaded_developer = AttributedDeveloper.where(id: developer.id).select("*").first
-    puts loaded_developer.name # should be "Developer: name" but it's just "name"
     ```
 
-    *Dmitry Tsepelev*
-
-*   Make the implicit order column configurable.
-
-    When calling ordered finder methods such as `first` or `last` without an
-    explicit order clause, ActiveRecord sorts records by primary key. This can
-    result in unpredictable and surprising behaviour when the primary key is
-    not an auto-incrementing integer, for example when it's a UUID. This change
-    makes it possible to override the column used for implicit ordering such
-    that `first` and `last` will return more predictable results.
-
-    Example:
-
-        class Project < ActiveRecord::Base
-          self.implicit_order_column = "created_at"
-        end
-
-    *Tekin Suleyman*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-*   Bump minimum PostgreSQL version to 9.3.
+*   Regexp-escape table name for MS SQL Server.
 
-    *Yasuo Honda*
+    Add `Regexp.escape` to one method in ActiveRecord, so that table names with regular expression characters in them work as expected. Since MS SQL Server uses "[" and "]" to quote table and column names, and those characters are regular expression characters, methods like `pluck` and `select` fail in certain cases when used with the MS SQL Server adapter.
 
-*   Values of enum are frozen, raising an error when attempting to modify them.
+    *Larry Reid*
 
-    *Emmanuel Byrd*
+*   Store advisory locks on their own named connection.
 
-*   Move `ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid` SQL to error property and include binds as separate error property.
+    Previously advisory locks were taken out against a connection when a migration started. This works fine in single database applications but doesn't work well when migrations need to open new connections which results in the lock getting dropped.
 
-    `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractAdapter#translate_exception_class` now requires `binds` to be passed as the last argument.
+    In order to fix this we are storing the advisory lock on a new connection with the connection specification name `AdvisoryLockBase`. The caveat is that we need to maintain at least 2 connections to a database while migrations are running in order to do this.
 
-    `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractAdapter#translate_exception` now requires `message`, `sql`, and `binds` to be passed as keyword arguments.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    Subclasses of `ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid` must now provide `sql:` and `binds:` arguments to `super`.
+*   Allow schema cache path to be defined in the database configuration file.
 
-    Example:
+    For example:
 
-    ```
-    class MySubclassedError < ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid
-      def initialize(message, sql:, binds:)
-        super(message, sql: sql, binds: binds)
-      end
-    end
+    ```yaml
+    development:
+      adapter: postgresql
+      database: blog_development
+      pool: 5
+      schema_cache_path: tmp/schema/main.yml
     ```
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    *Katrina Owen*
 
-*   Add an `:if_not_exists` option to `create_table`.
+*   Deprecate `#remove_connection` in favor of `#remove_connection_pool` when called on the handler.
 
-    Example:
+    `#remove_connection` is deprecated in order to support returning a `DatabaseConfig` object instead of a `Hash`. Use `#remove_connection_pool`, `#remove_connection` will be removed in 6.2.
 
-        create_table :posts, if_not_exists: true do |t|
-          t.string :title
-        end
-
-    That would execute:
-
-        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS posts (
-          ...
-        )
-
-    If the table already exists, `if_not_exists: false` (the default) raises an
-    exception whereas `if_not_exists: true` does nothing.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    *fatkodima*, *Stefan Kanev*
+*   Deprecate `#default_hash` and it's alias `#[]` on database configurations.
 
-*   Defining an Enum as a Hash with blank key, or as an Array with a blank value, now raises an `ArgumentError`.
+    Applications should use `configs_for`. `#default_hash` and `#[]` will be removed in 6.2.
 
-    *Christophe Maximin*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   Adds support for multiple databases to `rails db:schema:cache:dump` and `rails db:schema:cache:clear`.
+*   Add scale support to `ActiveRecord::Validations::NumericalityValidator`.
 
     *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-*   `update_columns` now correctly raises `ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError`
-    if the attribute does not exist.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
+*   Find orphans by looking for missing relations through chaining `where.missing`:
 
-*   Add support for hash and URL configs in database hash of `ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to`.
+    Before:
 
-    ````
-    User.connected_to(database: { writing: "postgres://foo" }) do
-      User.create!(name: "Gannon")
-    end
+    ```ruby
+    Post.left_joins(:author).where(authors: { id: nil })
+    ```
 
-    config = { "adapter" => "sqlite3", "database" => "db/readonly.sqlite3" }
-    User.connected_to(database: { reading: config }) do
-      User.count
-    end
-    ````
+    After:
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    ```ruby
+    Post.where.missing(:author)
+    ```
 
-*   Support default expression for MySQL.
+    *Tom Rossi*
 
-    MySQL 8.0.13 and higher supports default value to be a function or expression.
+*   Ensure `:reading` connections always raise if a write is attempted.
 
-    https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/create-table.html
+    Now Rails will raise an `ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyError` if any connection on the reading handler attempts to make a write. If your reading role needs to write you should name the role something other than `:reading`.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-*   Support expression indexes for MySQL.
+*   Deprecate `"primary"` as the `connection_specification_name` for `ActiveRecord::Base`.
 
-    MySQL 8.0.13 and higher supports functional key parts that index
-    expression values rather than column or column prefix values.
+    `"primary"` has been deprecated as the `connection_specification_name` for `ActiveRecord::Base` in favor of using `"ActiveRecord::Base"`. This change affects calls to `ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handler.retrieve_connection` and `ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handler.remove_connection`. If you're calling these methods with `"primary"`, please switch to `"ActiveRecord::Base"`.
 
-    https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/create-index.html
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Validations::NumericalityValidator` with
+    support for casting floats using a database columns' precision value.
 
-*   Fix collection cache key with limit and custom select to avoid ambiguous timestamp column error.
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-    Fixes #33056.
+*   Enforce fresh ETag header after a collection's contents change by adding
+    ActiveRecord::Relation#cache_key_with_version. This method will be used by
+    ActionController::ConditionalGet to ensure that when collection cache versioning
+    is enabled, requests using ConditionalGet don't return the same ETag header
+    after a collection is modified.
 
-    *Federico Martinez*
+    Fixes #38078.
 
-*   Add basic API for connection switching to support multiple databases.
+    *Aaron Lipman*
 
-    1) Adds a `connects_to` method for models to connect to multiple databases. Example:
+*   Skip test database when running `db:create` or `db:drop` in development
+    with `DATABASE_URL` set.
 
-    ```
-    class AnimalsModel < ApplicationRecord
-      self.abstract_class = true
+    *Brian Buchalter*
 
-      connects_to database: { writing: :animals_primary, reading: :animals_replica }
-    end
+*   Don't allow mutations on the database configurations hash.
 
-    class Dog < AnimalsModel
-      # connected to both the animals_primary db for writing and the animals_replica for reading
-    end
-    ```
+    Freeze the configurations hash to disallow directly changing it. If applications need to change the hash, for example to create databases for parallelization, they should use the `DatabaseConfig` object directly.
 
-    2) Adds a `connected_to` block method for switching connection roles or connecting to
-    a database that the model didn't connect to. Connecting to the database in this block is
-    useful when you have another defined connection, for example `slow_replica` that you don't
-    want to connect to by default but need in the console, or a specific code block.
+    Before:
 
-    ```
-    ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :reading) do
-      Dog.first # finds dog from replica connected to AnimalsBase
-      Book.first # doesn't have a reading connection, will raise an error
-    end
+    ```ruby
+    @db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "test", spec_name: "primary")
+    @db_config.configuration_hash.merge!(idle_timeout: "0.02")
     ```
 
-    ```
-    ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(database: :slow_replica) do
-      SlowReplicaModel.first # if the db config has a slow_replica configuration this will be used to do the lookup, otherwise this will throw an exception
-    end
-    ```
+    After:
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+    ```ruby
+    @db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "test", spec_name: "primary")
+    config = @db_config.configuration_hash.merge(idle_timeout: "0.02")
+    db_config = ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::HashConfig.new(@db_config.env_name, @db_config.spec_name, config)
+    ```
 
-*   Enum raises on invalid definition values
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    When defining a Hash enum it can be easy to use `[]` instead of `{}`. This
-    commit checks that only valid definition values are provided, those can
-    be a Hash, an array of Symbols or an array of Strings. Otherwise it
-    raises an `ArgumentError`.
+*   Remove `:connection_id` from the `sql.active_record` notification.
 
-    Fixes #33961
+    *Aaron Patterson*, *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Alberto Almagro*
+*   The `:name` key will no longer be returned as part of `DatabaseConfig#configuration_hash`. Please use `DatabaseConfig#owner_name` instead.
 
-*   Reloading associations now clears the Query Cache like `Persistence#reload` does.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    ```
-    class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
-      has_one :category
-      belongs_to :author
-      has_many :comments
-    end
+*   ActiveRecord's `belongs_to_required_by_default` flag can now be set per model.
 
-    # Each of the following will now clear the query cache.
-    post.reload_category
-    post.reload_author
-    post.comments.reload
-    ```
+    You can now opt-out/opt-in specific models from having their associations required
+    by default.
 
-    *Christophe Maximin*
+    This change is meant to ease the process of migrating all your models to have
+    their association required.
 
-*   Added `index` option for `change_table` migration helpers.
-    With this change you can create indexes while adding new
-    columns into the existing tables.
+    *Edouard Chin*
 
-    Example:
+*   The `connection_config` method has been deprecated, please use `connection_db_config` instead which will return a `DatabaseConfigurations::DatabaseConfig` instead of a `Hash`.
 
-        change_table(:languages) do |t|
-          t.string :country_code, index: true
-        end
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    *Mehmet Emin İNAÇ*
+*   Retain explicit selections on the base model after applying `includes` and `joins`.
 
-*   Fix `transaction` reverting for migrations.
+    Resolves #34889.
 
-    Before: Commands inside a `transaction` in a reverted migration ran uninverted.
-    Now: This change fixes that by reverting commands inside `transaction` block.
+    *Patrick Rebsch*
 
-    *fatkodima*, *David Verhasselt*
+*   The `database` kwarg is deprecated without replacement because it can't be used for sharding and creates an issue if it's used during a request. Applications that need to create new connections should use `connects_to` instead.
 
-*   Raise an error instead of scanning the filesystem root when `fixture_path` is blank.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*, *Max Albrecht*
+*   Allow attributes to be fetched from Arel node groupings.
 
-*   Allow `ActiveRecord::Base.configurations=` to be set with a symbolized hash.
+    *Jeff Emminger*, *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+*   A database URL can now contain a querystring value that contains an equal sign. This is needed to support passing PostgreSQL `options`.
 
-*   Don't update counter cache unless the record is actually saved.
+    *Joshua Flanagan*
 
-    Fixes #31493, #33113, #33117.
+*   Calling methods like `establish_connection` with a `Hash` which is invalid (eg: no `adapter`) will now raise an error the same way as connections defined in `config/database.yml`.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   Deprecate `ActiveRecord::Result#to_hash` in favor of `ActiveRecord::Result#to_a`.
+*   Specifying `implicit_order_column` now subsorts the records by primary key if available to ensure deterministic results.
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*, *Kevin Cheng*
+    *Paweł Urbanek*
 
-*   SQLite3 adapter supports expression indexes.
+*   `where(attr => [])` now loads an empty result without making a query.
 
-    ```
-    create_table :users do |t|
-      t.string :email
-    end
+    *John Hawthorn*
 
-    add_index :users, 'lower(email)', name: 'index_users_on_email', unique: true
-    ```
+*   Fixed the performance regression for `primary_keys` introduced MySQL 8.0.
 
-    *Gray Kemmey*
+    *Hiroyuki Ishii*
 
-*   Allow subclasses to redefine autosave callbacks for associated records.
+*   Add support for `belongs_to` to `has_many` inversing.
 
-    Fixes #33305.
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-    *Andrey Subbota*
+*   Allow length configuration for `has_secure_token` method. The minimum length
+    is set at 24 characters.
 
-*   Bump minimum MySQL version to 5.5.8.
+    Before:
 
-    *Yasuo Honda*
+    ```ruby
+    has_secure_token :auth_token
+    ```
 
-*   Use MySQL utf8mb4 character set by default.
+    After:
 
-    `utf8mb4` character set with 4-Byte encoding supports supplementary characters including emoji.
-    The previous default 3-Byte encoding character set `utf8` is not enough to support them.
+    ```ruby
+    has_secure_token :default_token             # 24 characters
+    has_secure_token :auth_token, length: 36    # 36 characters
+    has_secure_token :invalid_token, length: 12 # => ActiveRecord::SecureToken::MinimumLengthError
+    ```
 
-    *Yasuo Honda*
+    *Bernardo de Araujo*
 
-*   Fix duplicated record creation when using nested attributes with `create_with`.
+*   Deprecate `DatabaseConfigurations#to_h`. These connection hashes are still available via `ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for`.
 
-    *Darwin Wu*
+    *Eileen Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   Configuration item `config.filter_parameters` could also filter out
-    sensitive values of database columns when calling `#inspect`.
-    We also added `ActiveRecord::Base::filter_attributes`/`=` in order to
-    specify sensitive attributes to specific model.
+*   Add `DatabaseConfig#configuration_hash` to return database configuration hashes with symbol keys, and use all symbol-key configuration hashes internally. Deprecate `DatabaseConfig#config` which returns a String-keyed `Hash` with the same values.
 
-    ```
-    Rails.application.config.filter_parameters += [:credit_card_number, /phone/]
-    Account.last.inspect # => #<Account id: 123, name: "DHH", credit_card_number: [FILTERED], telephone_number: [FILTERED] ...>
-    SecureAccount.filter_attributes += [:name]
-    SecureAccount.last.inspect # => #<SecureAccount id: 42, name: [FILTERED], credit_card_number: [FILTERED] ...>
-    ```
+    *John Crepezzi*, *Eileen Uchitelle*
 
-    *Zhang Kang*, *Yoshiyuki Kinjo*
+*   Allow column names to be passed to `remove_index` positionally along with other options.
 
-*   Deprecate `column_name_length`, `table_name_length`, `columns_per_table`,
-    `indexes_per_table`, `columns_per_multicolumn_index`, `sql_query_length`,
-    and `joins_per_query` methods in `DatabaseLimits`.
+    Passing other options can be necessary to make `remove_index` correctly reversible.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    Before:
 
-*   `ActiveRecord::Base.configurations` now returns an object.
+        add_index    :reports, :report_id               # => works
+        add_index    :reports, :report_id, unique: true # => works
+        remove_index :reports, :report_id               # => works
+        remove_index :reports, :report_id, unique: true # => ArgumentError
 
-    `ActiveRecord::Base.configurations` used to return a hash, but this
-    is an inflexible data model. In order to improve multiple-database
-    handling in Rails, we've changed this to return an object. Some methods
-    are provided to make the object behave hash-like in order to ease the
-    transition process. Since most applications don't manipulate the hash
-    we've decided to add backwards-compatible functionality that will throw
-    a deprecation warning if used, however calling `ActiveRecord::Base.configurations`
-    will use the new version internally and externally.
+    After:
 
-    For example, the following `database.yml`:
+        remove_index :reports, :report_id, unique: true # => works
 
-    ```
-    development:
-      adapter: sqlite3
-      database: db/development.sqlite3
-    ```
+    *Eugene Kenny*
 
-    Used to become a hash:
+*   Allow bulk `ALTER` statements to drop and recreate indexes with the same name.
 
-    ```
-    { "development" => { "adapter" => "sqlite3", "database" => "db/development.sqlite3" } }
-    ```
+    *Eugene Kenny*
 
-    Is now converted into the following object:
+*   `insert`, `insert_all`, `upsert`, and `upsert_all` now clear the query cache.
 
-    ```
-    #<ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations:0x00007fd1acbdf800 @configurations=[
-      #<ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::HashConfig:0x00007fd1acbded10 @env_name="development",
-        @spec_name="primary", @config={"adapter"=>"sqlite3", "database"=>"db/development.sqlite3"}>
-      ]
-    ```
+    *Eugene Kenny*
 
-    Iterating over the database configurations has also changed. Instead of
-    calling hash methods on the `configurations` hash directly, a new method `configs_for` has
-    been provided that allows you to select the correct configuration. `env_name` and
-    `spec_name` arguments are optional. For example, these return an array of
-    database config objects for the requested environment and a single database config object
-    will be returned for the requested environment and specification name respectively.
+*   Call `while_preventing_writes` directly from `connected_to`.
 
-    ```
-    ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "development")
-    ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "development", spec_name: "primary")
-    ```
+    In some cases application authors want to use the database switching middleware and make explicit calls with `connected_to`. It's possible for an app to turn off writes and not turn them back on by the time we call `connected_to(role: :writing)`.
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *Aaron Patterson*
+    This change allows apps to fix this by assuming if a role is writing we want to allow writes, except in the case it's explicitly turned off.
 
-*   Add database configuration to disable advisory locks.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    ```
-    production:
-      adapter: postgresql
-      advisory_locks: false
-    ```
+*   Improve detection of ActiveRecord::StatementTimeout with mysql2 adapter in the edge case when the query is terminated during filesort.
 
-    *Guo Xiang*
+    *Kir Shatrov*
 
-*   SQLite3 adapter `alter_table` method restores foreign keys.
+*   Stop trying to read yaml file fixtures when loading Active Record fixtures.
 
-    *Yasuo Honda*
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-*   Allow `:to_table` option to `invert_remove_foreign_key`.
+*   Deprecate `.reorder(nil)` with `.first` / `.first!` taking non-deterministic result.
 
-    Example:
+    To continue taking non-deterministic result, use `.take` / `.take!` instead.
 
-       remove_foreign_key :accounts, to_table: :owners
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Nikolay Epifanov*, *Rich Chen*
+*   Preserve user supplied joins order as much as possible.
 
-*   Add environment & load_config dependency to `bin/rake db:seed` to enable
-    seed load in environments without Rails and custom DB configuration
+    Fixes #36761, #34328, #24281, #12953.
 
-    *Tobias Bielohlawek*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Fix default value for mysql time types with specified precision.
+*   Allow `matches_regex` and `does_not_match_regexp` on the MySQL Arel visitor.
 
-    *Nikolay Kondratyev*
+    *James Pearson*
 
-*   Fix `touch` option to behave consistently with `Persistence#touch` method.
+*   Allow specifying fixtures to be ignored by setting `ignore` in YAML file's '_fixture' section.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Tongfei Gao*
 
-*   Migrations raise when duplicate column definition.
+*   Make the DATABASE_URL env variable only affect the primary connection. Add new env variables for multiple databases.
 
-    Fixes #33024.
+    *John Crepezzi*, *Eileen Uchitelle*
 
-    *Federico Martinez*
+*   Add a warning for enum elements with 'not_' prefix.
 
-*   Bump minimum SQLite version to 3.8
+        class Foo
+          enum status: [:sent, :not_sent]
+        end
 
-    *Yasuo Honda*
+    *Edu Depetris*
 
-*   Fix parent record should not get saved with duplicate children records.
+*   Make currency symbols optional for money column type in PostgreSQL.
 
-    Fixes #32940.
+    *Joel Schneider*
 
-    *Santosh Wadghule*
+*   Add support for beginless ranges, introduced in Ruby 2.7.
 
-*   Fix logic on disabling commit callbacks so they are not called unexpectedly when errors occur.
+    *Josh Goodall*
 
-    *Brian Durand*
+*   Add `database_exists?` method to connection adapters to check if a database exists.
 
-*   Ensure `Associations::CollectionAssociation#size` and `Associations::CollectionAssociation#empty?`
-    use loaded association ids if present.
+    *Guilherme Mansur*
 
-    *Graham Turner*
+*   Loading the schema for a model that has no `table_name` raises a `TableNotSpecified` error.
 
-*   Add support to preload associations of polymorphic associations when not all the records have the requested associations.
+    *Guilherme Mansur*, *Eugene Kenny*
 
-    *Dana Sherson*
+*   PostgreSQL: Fix GROUP BY with ORDER BY virtual count attribute.
 
-*   Add `touch_all` method to `ActiveRecord::Relation`.
+    Fixes #36022.
 
-    Example:
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-        Person.where(name: "David").touch_all(time: Time.new(2020, 5, 16, 0, 0, 0))
+*   Make ActiveRecord `ConnectionPool.connections` method thread-safe.
 
-    *fatkodima*, *duggiefresh*
+    Fixes #36465.
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.base_class?` predicate.
+    *Jeff Doering*
 
-    *Bogdan Gusiev*
+*   Add support for multiple databases to `rails db:abort_if_pending_migrations`.
 
-*   Add custom prefix/suffix options to `ActiveRecord::Store.store_accessor`.
+    *Mark Lee*
 
-    *Tan Huynh*, *Yukio Mizuta*
+*   Fix sqlite3 collation parsing when using decimal columns.
 
-*   Rails 6 requires Ruby 2.5.0 or newer.
+    *Martin R. Schuster*
 
-    *Jeremy Daer*, *Kasper Timm Hansen*
+*   Fix invalid schema when primary key column has a comment.
 
-*   Deprecate `update_attributes`/`!` in favor of `update`/`!`.
+    Fixes #29966.
 
-    *Eddie Lebow*
+    *Guilherme Goettems Schneider*
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.create_or_find_by`/`!` to deal with the SELECT/INSERT race condition in
-    `ActiveRecord::Base.find_or_create_by`/`!` by leaning on unique constraints in the database.
+*   Fix table comment also being applied to the primary key column.
 
-    *DHH*
+    *Guilherme Goettems Schneider*
 
-*   Add `Relation#pick` as short-hand for single-value plucks.
+*   Allow generated `create_table` migrations to include or skip timestamps.
 
-    *DHH*
+    *Michael Duchemin*
 
 
-Please check [5-2-stable](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/5-2-stable/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md) for previous changes.
+Please check [6-0-stable](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/6-0-stable/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md) for previous changes.