activerecord 6.0.1 → 6.1.7.2

data/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,1086 +1,1802 @@
-## Rails 6.0.1 (November 5, 2019) ##
+## Rails 6.1.7.2 (January 24, 2023) ##
 
-*    Common Table Expressions are allowed on read-only connections.
-
-     *Chris Morris*
-
-*    New record instantiation respects `unscope`.
-
-     *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*    Fixed a case where `find_in_batches` could halt too early.
+*   No changes.
 
-     *Takayuki Nakata*
 
-*    Autosaved associations always perform validations when a custom validation
-     context is used.
+## Rails 6.1.7.1 (January 17, 2023) ##
 
-     *Tekin Suleyman*
+*   Make sanitize_as_sql_comment more strict
 
-*    `sql.active_record` notifications now include the `:connection` in
-     their payloads.
+    Though this method was likely never meant to take user input, it was
+    attempting sanitization. That sanitization could be bypassed with
+    carefully crafted input.
 
-     *Eugene Kenny*
+    This commit makes the sanitization more robust by replacing any
+    occurrances of "/*" or "*/" with "/ *" or "* /". It also performs a
+    first pass to remove one surrounding comment to avoid compatibility
+    issues for users relying on the existing removal.
 
-*    A rollback encountered in an `after_commit` callback does not reset
-     previously-committed record state.
+    This also clarifies in the documentation of annotate that it should not
+    be provided user input.
 
-     *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    [CVE-2023-22794]
 
-*    Fixed that join order was lost when eager-loading.
+*   Added integer width check to PostgreSQL::Quoting
 
-     *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    Given a value outside the range for a 64bit signed integer type
+    PostgreSQL will treat the column type as numeric. Comparing
+    integer values against numeric values can result in a slow
+    sequential scan.
 
-*   `DESCRIBE` queries are allowed on read-only connections.
+    This behavior is configurable via
+    ActiveRecord::Base.raise_int_wider_than_64bit which defaults to true.
 
-    *Dylan Thacker-Smith*
+    [CVE-2022-44566]
 
-*   Fixed that records that had been `inspect`ed could not be marshaled.
+## Rails 6.1.7 (September 09, 2022) ##
 
-    *Eugene Kenny*
+*   Symbol is allowed by default for YAML columns
 
-*   The connection pool reaper thread is respawned in forked processes. This
-    fixes that idle connections in forked processes wouldn't be reaped.
+    *Étienne Barrié*
 
-    *John Hawthorn*
+*   Fix `ActiveRecord::Store` to serialize as a regular Hash
 
-*   The memoized result of `ActiveRecord::Relation#take` is properly cleared
-    when `ActiveRecord::Relation#reset` or `ActiveRecord::Relation#reload`
-    is called.
+    Previously it would serialize as an `ActiveSupport::HashWithIndifferentAccess`
+    which is wasteful and cause problem with YAML safe_load.
 
-    *Anmol Arora*
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-*   Fixed the performance regression for `primary_keys` introduced MySQL 8.0.
+*   Fix PG.connect keyword arguments deprecation warning on ruby 2.7
 
-    *Hiroyuki Ishii*
+    Fixes #44307.
 
-*   `insert`, `insert_all`, `upsert`, and `upsert_all` now clear the query cache.
+    *Nikita Vasilevsky*
 
-    *Eugene Kenny*
+## Rails 6.1.6.1 (July 12, 2022) ##
 
-*   Call `while_preventing_writes` directly from `connected_to`.
+*   Change ActiveRecord::Coders::YAMLColumn default to safe_load
 
-    In some cases application authors want to use the database switching middleware and make explicit calls with `connected_to`. It's possible for an app to turn off writes and not turn them back on by the time we call `connected_to(role: :writing)`.
+    This adds two new configuration options The configuration options are as
+    follows:
+    
+    * `config.active_storage.use_yaml_unsafe_load`
+    
+    When set to true, this configuration option tells Rails to use the old
+    "unsafe" YAML loading strategy, maintaining the existing behavior but leaving
+    the possible escalation vulnerability in place.  Setting this option to true
+    is *not* recommended, but can aid in upgrading.
+    
+    * `config.active_record.yaml_column_permitted_classes`
+    
+    The "safe YAML" loading method does not allow all classes to be deserialized
+    by default.  This option allows you to specify classes deemed "safe" in your
+    application.  For example, if your application uses Symbol and Time in
+    serialized data, you can add Symbol and Time to the allowed list as follows:
+    
+    ```
+    config.active_record.yaml_column_permitted_classes = [Symbol, Date, Time]
+    ```
 
-    This change allows apps to fix this by assuming if a role is writing we want to allow writes, except in the case it's explicitly turned off.
+    [CVE-2022-32224]
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-*   Improve detection of ActiveRecord::StatementTimeout with mysql2 adapter in the edge case when the query is terminated during filesort.
+## Rails 6.1.6 (May 09, 2022) ##
 
-    *Kir Shatrov*
+*   No changes.
 
 
-## Rails 6.0.0 (August 16, 2019) ##
+## Rails 6.1.5.1 (April 26, 2022) ##
 
-*   Preserve user supplied joins order as much as possible.
+*   No changes.
 
-    Fixes #36761, #34328, #24281, #12953.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+## Rails 6.1.5 (March 09, 2022) ##
 
-*   Make the DATABASE_URL env variable only affect the primary connection. Add new env variables for multiple databases.
+*   Fix `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SchemaCache#deep_deduplicate` for Ruby 2.6.
 
-    *John Crepezzi*, *Eileen Uchitelle*
+    Ruby 2.6 and 2.7 have slightly different implementations of the `String#-@` method.
+    In Ruby 2.6, the receiver of the `String#-@` method is modified under certain circumstances.
+    This was later identified as a bug (https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15926) and only
+    fixed in Ruby 2.7.
 
-*   Add a warning for enum elements with 'not_' prefix.
+    Before the changes in this commit, the
+    `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SchemaCache#deep_deduplicate` method, which internally
+    calls the `String#-@` method, could also modify an input string argument in Ruby 2.6 --
+    changing a tainted, unfrozen string into a tainted, frozen string.
 
-        class Foo
-          enum status: [:sent, :not_sent]
-        end
+    Fixes #43056
 
-    *Edu Depetris*
+    *Eric O'Hanlon*
 
-*   Make currency symbols optional for money column type in PostgreSQL
+*   Fix migration compatibility to create SQLite references/belongs_to column as integer when
+    migration version is 6.0.
 
-    *Joel Schneider*
+    `reference`/`belongs_to` in migrations with version 6.0 were creating columns as
+    bigint instead of integer for the SQLite Adapter.
 
+    *Marcelo Lauxen*
 
-## Rails 6.0.0.rc2 (July 22, 2019) ##
+*   Fix dbconsole for 3-tier config.
 
-*   Add database_exists? method to connection adapters to check if a database exists.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    *Guilherme Mansur*
+*   Better handle SQL queries with invalid encoding.
 
-*   PostgreSQL: Fix GROUP BY with ORDER BY virtual count attribute.
+    ```ruby
+    Post.create(name: "broken \xC8 UTF-8")
+    ```
 
-    Fixes #36022.
+    Would cause all adapters to fail in a non controlled way in the code
+    responsible to detect write queries.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    The query is now properly passed to the database connection, which might or might
+    not be able to handle it, but will either succeed or failed in a more correct way.
 
-*   Make ActiveRecord `ConnectionPool.connections` method thread-safe.
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-    Fixes #36465.
+*   Ignore persisted in-memory records when merging target lists.
 
-    *Jeff Doering*
+    *Kevin Sjöberg*
 
-*   Fix sqlite3 collation parsing when using decimal columns.
+*   Fix regression bug that caused ignoring additional conditions for preloading
+    `has_many` through relations.
 
-    *Martin R. Schuster*
+    Fixes #43132
 
-*   Fix invalid schema when primary key column has a comment.
+    *Alexander Pauly*
 
-    Fixes #29966.
+*   Fix `ActiveRecord::InternalMetadata` to not be broken by
+    `config.active_record.record_timestamps = false`
 
-    *Guilherme Goettems Schneider*
+    Since the model always create the timestamp columns, it has to set them, otherwise it breaks
+    various DB management tasks.
 
-*   Fix table comment also being applied to the primary key column.
+    Fixes #42983
 
-    *Guilherme Goettems Schneider*
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-*   Fix merging left_joins to maintain its own `join_type` context.
+*   Fix duplicate active record objects on `inverse_of`.
 
-    Fixes #36103.
+    *Justin Carvalho*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Fix duplicate objects stored in has many association after save.
 
+    Fixes #42549.
 
-## Rails 6.0.0.rc1 (April 24, 2019) ##
+    *Alex Ghiculescu*
 
-*   Add `touch` option to `has_one` association.
+*   Fix performance regression in `CollectionAssocation#build`.
 
-    *Abhay Nikam*
+    *Alex Ghiculescu*
 
-*   Deprecate `where.not` working as NOR and will be changed to NAND in Rails 6.1.
+*   Fix retrieving default value for text column for MariaDB.
 
-    ```ruby
-    all = [treasures(:diamond), treasures(:sapphire), cars(:honda), treasures(:sapphire)]
-    assert_equal all, PriceEstimate.all.map(&:estimate_of)
-    ```
+    *fatkodima*
 
-    In Rails 6.0:
 
-    ```ruby
-    sapphire = treasures(:sapphire)
-
-    nor = all.reject { |e|
-      e.estimate_of_type == sapphire.class.polymorphic_name
-    }.reject { |e|
-      e.estimate_of_id == sapphire.id
-    }
-    assert_equal [cars(:honda)], nor
-
-    without_sapphire = PriceEstimate.where.not(
-      estimate_of_type: sapphire.class.polymorphic_name, estimate_of_id: sapphire.id
-    )
-    assert_equal nor, without_sapphire.map(&:estimate_of)
-    ```
+## Rails 6.1.4.7 (March 08, 2022) ##
 
-    In Rails 6.1:
+*   No changes.
 
-    ```ruby
-    sapphire = treasures(:sapphire)
 
-    nand = all - [sapphire]
-    assert_equal [treasures(:diamond), cars(:honda)], nand
+## Rails 6.1.4.6 (February 11, 2022) ##
 
-    without_sapphire = PriceEstimate.where.not(
-      estimate_of_type: sapphire.class.polymorphic_name, estimate_of_id: sapphire.id
-    )
-    assert_equal nand, without_sapphire.map(&:estimate_of)
-    ```
+*   No changes.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Fix dirty tracking after rollback.
+## Rails 6.1.4.5 (February 11, 2022) ##
 
-    Fixes #15018, #30167, #33868.
+*   No changes.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Relation#cache_version` to support recyclable cache keys via
-    the versioned entries in `ActiveSupport::Cache`. This also means that
-    `ActiveRecord::Relation#cache_key` will now return a stable key that does not
-    include the max timestamp or count any more.
+## Rails 6.1.4.4 (December 15, 2021) ##
 
-    NOTE: This feature is turned off by default, and `cache_key` will still return
-    cache keys with timestamps until you set `ActiveRecord::Base.collection_cache_versioning = true`.
-    That's the setting for all new apps on Rails 6.0+
+*   No changes.
 
-    *Lachlan Sylvester*
 
-*   Fix dirty tracking for `touch` to track saved changes.
+## Rails 6.1.4.3 (December 14, 2021) ##
 
-    Fixes #33429.
+*   No changes.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamzono*
 
-*   `change_column_comment` and `change_table_comment` are invertible only if
-    `to` and `from` options are specified.
+## Rails 6.1.4.2 (December 14, 2021) ##
 
-    *Yoshiyuki Kinjo*
+*   No changes.
 
-*   Don't call commit/rollback callbacks when a record isn't saved.
 
-    Fixes #29747.
+## Rails 6.1.4.1 (August 19, 2021) ##
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   No changes.
 
-*   Fix circular `autosave: true` causes invalid records to be saved.
 
-    Prior to the fix, when there was a circular series of `autosave: true`
-    associations, the callback for a `has_many` association was run while
-    another instance of the same callback on the same association hadn't
-    finished running. When control returned to the first instance of the
-    callback, the instance variable had changed, and subsequent associated
-    records weren't saved correctly. Specifically, the ID field for the
-    `belongs_to` corresponding to the `has_many` was `nil`.
+## Rails 6.1.4 (June 24, 2021) ##
 
-    Fixes #28080.
+*   Do not try to rollback transactions that failed due to a `ActiveRecord::TransactionRollbackError`.
 
-    *Larry Reid*
+    *Jamie McCarthy*
 
-*   Raise `ArgumentError` for invalid `:limit` and `:precision` like as other options.
+*   Raise an error if `pool_config` is `nil` in `set_pool_config`.
 
-    Before:
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    ```ruby
-    add_column :items, :attr1, :binary,   size: 10      # => ArgumentError
-    add_column :items, :attr2, :decimal,  scale: 10     # => ArgumentError
-    add_column :items, :attr3, :integer,  limit: 10     # => ActiveRecordError
-    add_column :items, :attr4, :datetime, precision: 10 # => ActiveRecordError
-    ```
+*   Fix compatibility with `psych >= 4`.
 
-    After:
+    Starting in Psych 4.0.0 `YAML.load` behaves like `YAML.safe_load`. To preserve compatibility
+    Active Record's schema cache loader and `YAMLColumn` now uses `YAML.unsafe_load` if available.
 
-    ```ruby
-    add_column :items, :attr1, :binary,   size: 10      # => ArgumentError
-    add_column :items, :attr2, :decimal,  scale: 10     # => ArgumentError
-    add_column :items, :attr3, :integer,  limit: 10     # => ArgumentError
-    add_column :items, :attr4, :datetime, precision: 10 # => ArgumentError
-    ```
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Support using replicas when using `rails dbconsole`.
 
-*   Association loading isn't to be affected by scoping consistently
-    whether preloaded / eager loaded or not, with the exception of `unscoped`.
+    *Christopher Thornton*
 
-    Before:
+*   Restore connection pools after transactional tests.
 
-    ```ruby
-    Post.where("1=0").scoping do
-      Comment.find(1).post                   # => nil
-      Comment.preload(:post).find(1).post    # => #<Post id: 1, ...>
-      Comment.eager_load(:post).find(1).post # => #<Post id: 1, ...>
-    end
-    ```
+    *Eugene Kenny*
 
-    After:
+*   Change `upsert_all` to fails cleanly for MySQL when `:unique_by` is used.
 
-    ```ruby
-    Post.where("1=0").scoping do
-      Comment.find(1).post                   # => #<Post id: 1, ...>
-      Comment.preload(:post).find(1).post    # => #<Post id: 1, ...>
-      Comment.eager_load(:post).find(1).post # => #<Post id: 1, ...>
-    end
-    ```
+    *Bastian Bartmann*
 
-    Fixes #34638, #35398.
+*   Fix user-defined `self.default_scope` to respect table alias.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Add `rails db:prepare` to migrate or setup a database.
-
-    Runs `db:migrate` if the database exists or `db:setup` if it doesn't.
+*   Clear `@cache_keys` cache after `update_all`, `delete_all`, `destroy_all`.
 
-    *Roberto Miranda*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Add `after_save_commit` callback as shortcut for `after_commit :hook, on: [ :create, :update ]`.
+*   Changed Arel predications `contains` and `overlaps` to use
+    `quoted_node` so that PostgreSQL arrays are quoted properly.
 
-    *DHH*
+    *Bradley Priest*
 
-*   Assign all attributes before calling `build` to ensure the child record is visible in
-    `before_add` and `after_add` callbacks for `has_many :through` associations.
+*   Fix `merge` when the `where` clauses have string contents.
 
-    Fixes #33249.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Ryan H. Kerr*
+*   Fix rollback of parent destruction with nested `dependent: :destroy`.
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Relation#extract_associated` for extracting associated records from a relation.
+    *Jacopo Beschi*
 
-    ```
-    account.memberships.extract_associated(:user)
-    # => Returns collection of User records
-    ```
+*   Fix binds logging for `"WHERE ... IN ..."` statements.
 
-    *DHH*
+    *Ricardo Díaz*
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Relation#annotate` for adding SQL comments to its queries.
+*   Handle `false` in relation strict loading checks.
 
-    For example:
+    Previously when a model had strict loading set to true and then had a
+    relation set `strict_loading` to false the false wasn't considered when
+    deciding whether to raise/warn about strict loading.
 
     ```
-    Post.where(id: 123).annotate("this is a comment").to_sql
-    # SELECT "posts".* FROM "posts" WHERE "posts"."id" = 123 /* this is a comment */
-    ```
+    class Dog < ActiveRecord::Base
+      self.strict_loading_by_default = true
 
-    This can be useful in instrumentation or other analysis of issued queries.
+      has_many :treats, strict_loading: false
+    end
+    ```
 
-    *Matt Yoho*
+    In the example, `dog.treats` would still raise even though
+    `strict_loading` was set to false. This is a bug affecting more than
+    Active Storage which is why I made this PR superseding #41461. We need
+    to fix this for all applications since the behavior is a little
+    surprising. I took the test from #41461 and the code suggestion from #41453
+    with some additions.
 
-*   Support Optimizer Hints.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *Radamés Roriz*
 
-    In most databases, a way to control the optimizer is by using optimizer hints,
-    which can be specified within individual statements.
+*   Fix numericality validator without precision.
 
-    Example (for MySQL):
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-        Topic.optimizer_hints("MAX_EXECUTION_TIME(50000)", "NO_INDEX_MERGE(topics)")
-        # SELECT /*+ MAX_EXECUTION_TIME(50000) NO_INDEX_MERGE(topics) */ `topics`.* FROM `topics`
+*   Fix aggregate attribute on Enum types.
 
-    Example (for PostgreSQL with pg_hint_plan):
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-        Topic.optimizer_hints("SeqScan(topics)", "Parallel(topics 8)")
-        # SELECT /*+ SeqScan(topics) Parallel(topics 8) */ "topics".* FROM "topics"
+*   Fix `CREATE INDEX` statement generation for PostgreSQL.
 
-    See also:
+    *eltongo*
 
-    * https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/optimizer-hints.html
-    * https://pghintplan.osdn.jp/pg_hint_plan.html
-    * https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/12.2/tgsql/influencing-the-optimizer.html
-    * https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/hints-transact-sql-query?view=sql-server-2017
-    * https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/SSEPGG_11.1.0/com.ibm.db2.luw.admin.perf.doc/doc/c0070117.html
+*   Fix where clause on enum attribute when providing array of strings.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Fix query attribute method on user-defined attribute to be aware of typecasted value.
+*   Fix `unprepared_statement` to work it when nesting.
 
-    For example, the following code no longer return false as casted non-empty string:
-
-    ```
-    class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
-      attribute :user_defined_text, :text
-    end
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    Post.new(user_defined_text: "false").user_defined_text? # => true
-    ```
 
-    *Yuji Kamijima*
+## Rails 6.1.3.2 (May 05, 2021) ##
 
-*   Quote empty ranges like other empty enumerables.
+*   No changes.
 
-    *Patrick Rebsch*
 
-*   Add `insert_all`/`insert_all!`/`upsert_all` methods to `ActiveRecord::Persistence`,
-    allowing bulk inserts akin to the bulk updates provided by `update_all` and
-    bulk deletes by `delete_all`.
+## Rails 6.1.3.1 (March 26, 2021) ##
 
-    Supports skipping or upserting duplicates through the `ON CONFLICT` syntax
-    for PostgreSQL (9.5+) and SQLite (3.24+) and `ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE` syntax
-    for MySQL.
+*   No changes.
 
-    *Bob Lail*
 
-*   Add `rails db:seed:replant` that truncates tables of each database
-    for current environment and loads the seeds.
+## Rails 6.1.3 (February 17, 2021) ##
 
-    *bogdanvlviv*, *DHH*
+*   Fix the MySQL adapter to always set the right collation and charset
+    to the connection session.
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.connection.truncate` for SQLite3 adapter.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *bogdanvlviv*
+*   Fix MySQL adapter handling of time objects when prepared statements
+    are enabled.
 
-*   Deprecate mismatched collation comparison for uniqueness validator.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    Uniqueness validator will no longer enforce case sensitive comparison in Rails 6.1.
-    To continue case sensitive comparison on the case insensitive column,
-    pass `case_sensitive: true` option explicitly to the uniqueness validator.
+*   Fix scoping in enum fields using conditions that would generate
+    an `IN` clause.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Add `reselect` method. This is a short-hand for `unscope(:select).select(fields)`.
-
-    Fixes #27340.
-
-    *Willian Gustavo Veiga*
+*   Skip optimised #exist? query when #include? is called on a relation
+    with a having clause
 
-*   Add negative scopes for all enum values.
+    Relations that have aliased select values AND a having clause that
+    references an aliased select value would generate an error when
+    #include? was called, due to an optimisation that would generate
+    call #exists? on the relation instead, which effectively alters
+    the select values of the query (and thus removes the aliased select
+    values), but leaves the having clause intact. Because the having
+    clause is then referencing an aliased column that is no longer
+    present in the simplified query, an ActiveRecord::InvalidStatement
+    error was raised.
 
-    Example:
+    An sample query affected by this problem:
 
-        class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
-          enum status: %i[ drafted active trashed ]
-        end
+    ```ruby
+    Author.select('COUNT(*) as total_posts', 'authors.*')
+          .joins(:posts)
+          .group(:id)
+          .having('total_posts > 2')
+          .include?(Author.first)
+    ```
 
-        Post.not_drafted # => where.not(status: :drafted)
-        Post.not_active  # => where.not(status: :active)
-        Post.not_trashed # => where.not(status: :trashed)
+    This change adds an addition check to the condition that skips the
+    simplified #exists? query, which simply checks for the presence of
+    a having clause.
 
-    *DHH*
+    Fixes #41417
 
-*   Fix different `count` calculation when using `size` with manual `select` with DISTINCT.
+    *Michael Smart*
 
-    Fixes #35214.
+*   Increment postgres prepared statement counter before making a prepared statement, so if the statement is aborted
+    without Rails knowledge (e.g., if app gets kill -9d during long-running query or due to Rack::Timeout), app won't end
+    up in perpetual crash state for being inconsistent with Postgres.
 
-    *Juani Villarejo*
+    *wbharding*, *Martin Tepper*
 
 
-## Rails 6.0.0.beta3 (March 11, 2019) ##
+## Rails 6.1.2.1 (February 10, 2021) ##
 
-*   No changes.
+*   Fix possible DoS vector in PostgreSQL money type
 
+    Carefully crafted input can cause a DoS via the regular expressions used
+    for validating the money format in the PostgreSQL adapter.  This patch
+    fixes the regexp.
 
-## Rails 6.0.0.beta2 (February 25, 2019) ##
+    Thanks to @dee-see from Hackerone for this patch!
 
-*   Fix prepared statements caching to be enabled even when query caching is enabled.
+    [CVE-2021-22880]
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Aaron Patterson*
 
-*   Ensure `update_all` series cares about optimistic locking.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+## Rails 6.1.2 (February 09, 2021) ##
 
-*   Don't allow `where` with non numeric string matches to 0 values.
+*   Fix timestamp type for sqlite3.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-*   Introduce `ActiveRecord::Relation#destroy_by` and `ActiveRecord::Relation#delete_by`.
+*   Make destroy async transactional.
 
-    `destroy_by` allows relation to find all the records matching the condition and perform
-    `destroy_all` on the matched records.
+    An active record rollback could occur while enqueuing a job. In this
+    case the job would enqueue even though the database deletion
+    rolledback putting things in a funky state.
 
-    Example:
+    Now the jobs are only enqueued until after the db transaction has been committed.
 
-        Person.destroy_by(name: 'David')
-        Person.destroy_by(name: 'David', rating: 4)
+    *Cory Gwin*
 
-        david = Person.find_by(name: 'David')
-        david.posts.destroy_by(id: [1, 2, 3])
+*   Fix malformed packet error in MySQL statement for connection configuration.
 
-    `delete_by` allows relation to find all the records matching the condition and perform
-    `delete_all` on the matched records.
+    *robinroestenburg*
 
-    Example:
+*   Connection specification now passes the "url" key as a configuration for the
+    adapter if the "url" protocol is "jdbc", "http", or "https". Previously only
+    urls with the "jdbc" prefix were passed to the Active Record Adapter, others
+    are assumed to be adapter specification urls.
 
-        Person.delete_by(name: 'David')
-        Person.delete_by(name: 'David', rating: 4)
+    Fixes #41137.
 
-        david = Person.find_by(name: 'David')
-        david.posts.delete_by(id: [1, 2, 3])
+    *Jonathan Bracy*
 
-    *Abhay Nikam*
+*   Fix granular connection swapping when there are multiple abstract classes.
 
-*   Don't allow `where` with invalid value matches to nil values.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    Fixes #33624.
+*   Fix `find_by` with custom primary key for belongs_to association.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   SQLite3: Implement `add_foreign_key` and `remove_foreign_key`.
+*   Add support for `rails console --sandbox` for multiple database applications.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *alpaca-tc*
 
-*   Deprecate using class level querying methods if the receiver scope
-    regarded as leaked. Use `klass.unscoped` to avoid the leaking scope.
+*   Fix `where` on polymorphic association with empty array.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Allow applications to automatically switch connections.
+*   Fix preventing writes for `ApplicationRecord`.
 
-    Adds a middleware and configuration options that can be used in your
-    application to automatically switch between the writing and reading
-    database connections.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    `GET` and `HEAD` requests will read from the replica unless there was
-    a write in the last 2 seconds, otherwise they will read from the primary.
-    Non-get requests will always write to the primary. The middleware accepts
-    an argument for a Resolver class and an Operations class where you are able
-    to change how the auto-switcher works to be most beneficial for your
-    application.
 
-    To use the middleware in your application you can use the following
-    configuration options:
+## Rails 6.1.1 (January 07, 2021) ##
 
-    ```
-    config.active_record.database_selector = { delay: 2.seconds }
-    config.active_record.database_resolver = ActiveRecord::Middleware::DatabaseSelector::Resolver
-    config.active_record.database_resolver_context = ActiveRecord::Middleware::DatabaseSelector::Resolver::Session
-    ```
+*   Fix fixtures loading when strict loading is enabled for the association.
 
-    To change the database selection strategy, pass a custom class to the
-    configuration options:
+    *Alex Ghiculescu*
 
-    ```
-    config.active_record.database_selector = { delay: 10.seconds }
-    config.active_record.database_resolver = MyResolver
-    config.active_record.database_resolver_context = MyResolver::MyCookies
-    ```
+*   Fix `where` with custom primary key for belongs_to association.
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   MySQL: Support `:size` option to change text and blob size.
+*   Fix `where` with aliased associations.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Make `t.timestamps` with precision by default.
+*   Fix `composed_of` with symbol mapping.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
+*   Don't skip money's type cast for pluck and calculations.
 
-## Rails 6.0.0.beta1 (January 18, 2019) ##
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Remove deprecated `#set_state` from the transaction object.
+*   Fix `where` on polymorphic association with non Active Record object.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Remove deprecated `#supports_statement_cache?` from the database adapters.
+*   Make sure `db:prepare` works even the schema file doesn't exist.
 
     *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Remove deprecated `#insert_fixtures` from the database adapters.
+*   Fix complicated `has_many :through` with nested where condition.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
-
-*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter#valid_alter_table_type?`.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+*   Handle STI models for `has_many dependent: :destroy_async`.
 
-*   Do not allow passing the column name to `sum` when a block is passed.
+    *Muhammad Usman*
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+*   Restore possibility of passing `false` to :polymorphic option of `belongs_to`.
 
-*   Do not allow passing the column name to `count` when a block is passed.
+    Previously, passing `false` would trigger the option validation logic
+    to throw an error saying :polymorphic would not be a valid option.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    *glaszig*
 
-*   Remove delegation of missing methods in a relation to arel.
+*   Allow adding nonnamed expression indexes to be revertible.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    Fixes #40732.
 
-*   Remove delegation of missing methods in a relation to private methods of the class.
+    Previously, the following code would raise an error, when executed while rolling back,
+    and the index name should be specified explicitly. Now, the index name is inferred
+    automatically.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    ```ruby
+    add_index(:items, "to_tsvector('english', description)")
+    ```
 
-*   Deprecate `config.active_record.sqlite3.represent_boolean_as_integer`.
+    *fatkodima*
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Change `SQLite3Adapter` to always represent boolean values as integers.
+## Rails 6.1.0 (December 09, 2020) ##
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+*   Only warn about negative enums if a positive form that would cause conflicts exists.
 
-*   Remove ability to specify a timestamp name for `#cache_key`.
+    Fixes #39065.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    *Alex Ghiculescu*
 
-*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Migrator.migrations_path=`.
+*   Change `attribute_for_inspect` to take `filter_attributes` in consideration.
 
     *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Remove deprecated `expand_hash_conditions_for_aggregates`.
+*   Fix odd behavior of inverse_of with multiple belongs_to to same class.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    Fixes #35204.
 
-*   Set polymorphic type column to NULL on `dependent: :nullify` strategy.
+    *Tomoyuki Kai*
 
-    On polymorphic associations both the foreign key and the foreign type columns will be set to NULL.
+*   Build predicate conditions with objects that delegate `#id` and primary key:
 
-    *Laerti Papa*
+    ```ruby
+    class AdminAuthor
+      delegate_missing_to :@author
 
-*   Allow permitted instance of `ActionController::Parameters` as argument of `ActiveRecord::Relation#exists?`.
+      def initialize(author)
+        @author = author
+      end
+    end
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    Post.where(author: AdminAuthor.new(author))
+    ```
 
-*   Add support for endless ranges introduces in Ruby 2.6.
+    *Sean Doyle*
 
-    *Greg Navis*
+*   Add `connected_to_many` API.
 
-*   Deprecate passing `migrations_paths` to `connection.assume_migrated_upto_version`.
+    This API allows applications to connect to multiple databases at once without switching all of them or implementing a deeply nested stack.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    Before:
 
-*   MySQL: `ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC` create table option by default.
+        AnimalsRecord.connected_to(role: :reading) do
+          MealsRecord.connected_to(role: :reading) do
+            Dog.first # read from animals replica
+            Dinner.first # read from meals replica
+            Person.first # read from primary writer
+          end
+        end
 
-    Since MySQL 5.7.9, the `innodb_default_row_format` option defines the default row
-    format for InnoDB tables. The default setting is `DYNAMIC`.
-    The row format is required for indexing on `varchar(255)` with `utf8mb4` columns.
+    After:
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+        ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to_many([AnimalsRecord, MealsRecord], role: :reading) do
+          Dog.first # read from animals replica
+          Dinner.first # read from meals replica
+          Person.first # read from primary writer
+        end
 
-*   Fix join table column quoting with SQLite.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+*   Add option to raise or log for `ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError`.
 
-*   Allow disabling scopes generated by `ActiveRecord.enum`.
+    Some applications may not want to raise an error in production if using `strict_loading`. This would allow an application to set strict loading to log for the production environment while still raising in development and test environments.
 
-    *Alfred Dominic*
+    Set `config.active_record.action_on_strict_loading_violation` to `:log` errors instead of raising.
 
-*   Ensure that `delete_all` on collection proxy returns affected count.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Allow the inverse of a `has_one` association that was previously autosaved to be loaded.
 
-*   Reset scope after delete on collection association to clear stale offsets of removed records.
+    Fixes #34255.
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    *Steven Weber*
 
-*   Add the ability to prevent writes to a database for the duration of a block.
+*   Optimise the length of index names for polymorphic references by using the reference name rather than the type and id column names.
 
-    Allows the application to prevent writes to a database. This can be useful when
-    you're building out multiple databases and want to make sure you're not sending
-    writes when you want a read.
+    Because the default behaviour when adding an index with multiple columns is to use all column names in the index name, this could frequently lead to overly long index names for polymorphic references which would fail the migration if it exceeded the database limit.
 
-    If `while_preventing_writes` is called and the query is considered a write
-    query the database will raise an exception regardless of whether the database
-    user is able to write.
+    This change reduces the chance of that happening by using the reference name, e.g. `index_my_table_on_my_reference`.
 
-    This is not meant to be a catch-all for write queries but rather a way to enforce
-    read-only queries without opening a second connection. One purpose of this is to
-    catch accidental writes, not all writes.
+    Fixes #38655.
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+    *Luke Redpath*
 
-*   Allow aliased attributes to be used in `#update_columns` and `#update`.
+*   MySQL: Uniqueness validator now respects default database collation,
+    no longer enforce case sensitive comparison by default.
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Allow spaces in postgres table names.
+*   Remove deprecated methods from `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::DatabaseLimits`.
 
-    Fixes issue where "user post" is misinterpreted as "\"user\".\"post\"" when quoting table names with the postgres adapter.
+    `column_name_length`
+    `table_name_length`
+    `columns_per_table`
+    `indexes_per_table`
+    `columns_per_multicolumn_index`
+    `sql_query_length`
+    `joins_per_query`
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Cached `columns_hash` fields should be excluded from `ResultSet#column_types`.
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractAdapter#supports_multi_insert?`.
 
-    PR #34528 addresses the inconsistent behaviour when attribute is defined for an ignored column. The following test
-    was passing for SQLite and MySQL, but failed for PostgreSQL:
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    ```ruby
-    class DeveloperName < ActiveRecord::Type::String
-      def deserialize(value)
-        "Developer: #{value}"
-      end
-    end
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractAdapter#supports_foreign_keys_in_create?`.
 
-    class AttributedDeveloper < ActiveRecord::Base
-      self.table_name = "developers"
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-      attribute :name, DeveloperName.new
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::PostgreSQLAdapter#supports_ranges?`.
 
-      self.ignored_columns += ["name"]
-    end
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    developer = AttributedDeveloper.create
-    developer.update_column :name, "name"
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Base#update_attributes` and `ActiveRecord::Base#update_attributes!`.
 
-    loaded_developer = AttributedDeveloper.where(id: developer.id).select("*").first
-    puts loaded_developer.name # should be "Developer: name" but it's just "name"
-    ```
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Dmitry Tsepelev*
+*   Remove deprecated `migrations_path` argument in `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapter::SchemaStatements#assume_migrated_upto_version`.
 
-*   Make the implicit order column configurable.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    When calling ordered finder methods such as `first` or `last` without an
-    explicit order clause, ActiveRecord sorts records by primary key. This can
-    result in unpredictable and surprising behaviour when the primary key is
-    not an auto-incrementing integer, for example when it's a UUID. This change
-    makes it possible to override the column used for implicit ordering such
-    that `first` and `last` will return more predictable results.
+*   Remove deprecated `config.active_record.sqlite3.represent_boolean_as_integer`.
 
-    Example:
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-        class Project < ActiveRecord::Base
-          self.implicit_order_column = "created_at"
-        end
+*   `relation.create` does no longer leak scope to class level querying methods
+    in initialization block and callbacks.
 
-    *Tekin Suleyman*
+    Before:
 
-*   Bump minimum PostgreSQL version to 9.3.
+        User.where(name: "John").create do |john|
+          User.find_by(name: "David") # => nil
+        end
 
-    *Yasuo Honda*
+    After:
 
-*   Values of enum are frozen, raising an error when attempting to modify them.
+        User.where(name: "John").create do |john|
+          User.find_by(name: "David") # => #<User name: "David", ...>
+        end
 
-    *Emmanuel Byrd*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Move `ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid` SQL to error property and include binds as separate error property.
+*   Named scope chain does no longer leak scope to class level querying methods.
 
-    `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractAdapter#translate_exception_class` now requires `binds` to be passed as the last argument.
+        class User < ActiveRecord::Base
+          scope :david, -> { User.where(name: "David") }
+        end
 
-    `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractAdapter#translate_exception` now requires `message`, `sql`, and `binds` to be passed as keyword arguments.
+    Before:
 
-    Subclasses of `ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid` must now provide `sql:` and `binds:` arguments to `super`.
+        User.where(name: "John").david
+        # SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'John' AND name = 'David'
 
-    Example:
+    After:
 
-    ```
-    class MySubclassedError < ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid
-      def initialize(message, sql:, binds:)
-        super(message, sql: sql, binds: binds)
-      end
-    end
-    ```
+        User.where(name: "John").david
+        # SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'David'
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Add an `:if_not_exists` option to `create_table`.
+*   Remove deprecated methods from `ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations`.
 
-    Example:
+    `fetch`
+    `each`
+    `first`
+    `values`
+    `[]=`
 
-        create_table :posts, if_not_exists: true do |t|
-          t.string :title
-        end
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    That would execute:
+*   `where.not` now generates NAND predicates instead of NOR.
 
-        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS posts (
-          ...
-        )
+     Before:
 
-    If the table already exists, `if_not_exists: false` (the default) raises an
-    exception whereas `if_not_exists: true` does nothing.
+        User.where.not(name: "Jon", role: "admin")
+        # SELECT * FROM users WHERE name != 'Jon' AND role != 'admin'
 
-    *fatkodima*, *Stefan Kanev*
+     After:
 
-*   Defining an Enum as a Hash with blank key, or as an Array with a blank value, now raises an `ArgumentError`.
+        User.where.not(name: "Jon", role: "admin")
+        # SELECT * FROM users WHERE NOT (name == 'Jon' AND role == 'admin')
 
-    *Christophe Maximin*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Adds support for multiple databases to `rails db:schema:cache:dump` and `rails db:schema:cache:clear`.
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Result#to_hash` method.
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   `update_columns` now correctly raises `ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError`
-    if the attribute does not exist.
+*   Deprecate `ActiveRecord::Base.allow_unsafe_raw_sql`.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Add support for hash and URL configs in database hash of `ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to`.
+*   Remove deprecated support for using unsafe raw SQL in `ActiveRecord::Relation` methods.
 
-    ````
-    User.connected_to(database: { writing: "postgres://foo" }) do
-      User.create!(name: "Gannon")
-    end
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    config = { "adapter" => "sqlite3", "database" => "db/readonly.sqlite3" }
-    User.connected_to(database: { reading: config }) do
-      User.count
-    end
-    ````
+*   Allow users to silence the "Rails couldn't infer whether you are using multiple databases..."
+    message using `config.active_record.suppress_multiple_database_warning`.
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    *Omri Gabay*
 
-*   Support default expression for MySQL.
+*   Connections can be granularly switched for abstract classes when `connected_to` is called.
 
-    MySQL 8.0.13 and higher supports default value to be a function or expression.
+    This change allows `connected_to` to switch a `role` and/or `shard` for a single abstract class instead of all classes globally. Applications that want to use the new feature need to set `config.active_record.legacy_connection_handling` to `false` in their application configuration.
 
-    https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/create-table.html
+    Example usage:
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    Given an application we have a `User` model that inherits from `ApplicationRecord` and a `Dog` model that inherits from `AnimalsRecord`. `AnimalsRecord` and `ApplicationRecord` have writing and reading connections as well as shard `default`, `one`, and `two`.
 
-*   Support expression indexes for MySQL.
+    ```ruby
+    ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :reading) do
+      User.first # reads from default replica
+      Dog.first # reads from default replica
 
-    MySQL 8.0.13 and higher supports functional key parts that index
-    expression values rather than column or column prefix values.
+      AnimalsRecord.connected_to(role: :writing, shard: :one) do
+        User.first # reads from default replica
+        Dog.first # reads from shard one primary
+      end
 
-    https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/create-index.html
+      User.first # reads from default replica
+      Dog.first # reads from default replica
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+      ApplicationRecord.connected_to(role: :writing, shard: :two) do
+        User.first # reads from shard two primary
+        Dog.first # reads from default replica
+      end
+    end
+    ```
 
-*   Fix collection cache key with limit and custom select to avoid ambiguous timestamp column error.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    Fixes #33056.
+*   Allow double-dash comment syntax when querying read-only databases
 
-    *Federico Martinez*
+    *James Adam*
 
-*   Add basic API for connection switching to support multiple databases.
+*   Add `values_at` method.
 
-    1) Adds a `connects_to` method for models to connect to multiple databases. Example:
+    Returns an array containing the values associated with the given methods.
 
+    ```ruby
+    topic = Topic.first
+    topic.values_at(:title, :author_name)
+    # => ["Budget", "Jason"]
     ```
-    class AnimalsModel < ApplicationRecord
-      self.abstract_class = true
 
-      connects_to database: { writing: :animals_primary, reading: :animals_replica }
-    end
+    Similar to `Hash#values_at` but on an Active Record instance.
 
-    class Dog < AnimalsModel
-      # connected to both the animals_primary db for writing and the animals_replica for reading
-    end
-    ```
+    *Guillaume Briday*
 
-    2) Adds a `connected_to` block method for switching connection roles or connecting to
-    a database that the model didn't connect to. Connecting to the database in this block is
-    useful when you have another defined connection, for example `slow_replica` that you don't
-    want to connect to by default but need in the console, or a specific code block.
+*   Fix `read_attribute_before_type_cast` to consider attribute aliases.
 
-    ```
-    ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :reading) do
-      Dog.first # finds dog from replica connected to AnimalsBase
-      Book.first # doesn't have a reading connection, will raise an error
-    end
-    ```
+    *Marcelo Lauxen*
 
-    ```
-    ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(database: :slow_replica) do
-      SlowReplicaModel.first # if the db config has a slow_replica configuration this will be used to do the lookup, otherwise this will throw an exception
+*   Support passing record to uniqueness validator `:conditions` callable:
+
+    ```ruby
+    class Article < ApplicationRecord
+      validates_uniqueness_of :title, conditions: ->(article) {
+        published_at = article.published_at
+        where(published_at: published_at.beginning_of_year..published_at.end_of_year)
+      }
     end
     ```
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+    *Eliot Sykes*
 
-*   Enum raises on invalid definition values
+*   `BatchEnumerator#update_all` and `BatchEnumerator#delete_all` now return the
+    total number of rows affected, just like their non-batched counterparts.
 
-    When defining a Hash enum it can be easy to use `[]` instead of `{}`. This
-    commit checks that only valid definition values are provided, those can
-    be a Hash, an array of Symbols or an array of Strings. Otherwise it
-    raises an `ArgumentError`.
+    ```ruby
+    Person.in_batches.update_all("first_name = 'Eugene'") # => 42
+    Person.in_batches.delete_all # => 42
+    ```
 
-    Fixes #33961
+    Fixes #40287.
 
-    *Alberto Almagro*
+    *Eugene Kenny*
 
-*   Reloading associations now clears the Query Cache like `Persistence#reload` does.
+*   Add support for PostgreSQL `interval` data type with conversion to
+    `ActiveSupport::Duration` when loading records from database and
+    serialization to ISO 8601 formatted duration string on save.
+    Add support to define a column in migrations and get it in a schema dump.
+    Optional column precision is supported.
 
-    ```
-    class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
-      has_one :category
-      belongs_to :author
-      has_many :comments
-    end
+    To use this in 6.1, you need to place the next string to your model file:
 
-    # Each of the following will now clear the query cache.
-    post.reload_category
-    post.reload_author
-    post.comments.reload
-    ```
+        attribute :duration, :interval
 
-    *Christophe Maximin*
+    To keep old behavior until 7.0 is released:
 
-*   Added `index` option for `change_table` migration helpers.
-    With this change you can create indexes while adding new
-    columns into the existing tables.
+        attribute :duration, :string
 
     Example:
 
-        change_table(:languages) do |t|
-          t.string :country_code, index: true
+        create_table :events do |t|
+          t.string   :name
+          t.interval :duration
         end
 
-    *Mehmet Emin İNAÇ*
-
-*   Fix `transaction` reverting for migrations.
-
-    Before: Commands inside a `transaction` in a reverted migration ran uninverted.
-    Now: This change fixes that by reverting commands inside `transaction` block.
-
-    *fatkodima*, *David Verhasselt*
+        class Event < ApplicationRecord
+          attribute :duration, :interval
+        end
 
-*   Raise an error instead of scanning the filesystem root when `fixture_path` is blank.
+        Event.create!(name: 'Rock Fest', duration: 2.days)
+        Event.last.duration # => 2 days
+        Event.last.duration.iso8601 # => "P2D"
+        Event.new(duration: 'P1DT12H3S').duration # => 1 day, 12 hours, and 3 seconds
+        Event.new(duration: '1 day') # Unknown value will be ignored and NULL will be written to database
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*, *Max Albrecht*
+    *Andrey Novikov*
 
-*   Allow `ActiveRecord::Base.configurations=` to be set with a symbolized hash.
+*   Allow associations supporting the `dependent:` key to take `dependent: :destroy_async`.
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    ```ruby
+    class Account < ActiveRecord::Base
+        belongs_to :supplier, dependent: :destroy_async
+    end
+    ```
 
-*   Don't update counter cache unless the record is actually saved.
+    `:destroy_async` will enqueue a job to destroy associated records in the background.
 
-    Fixes #31493, #33113, #33117.
+    *DHH*, *George Claghorn*, *Cory Gwin*, *Rafael Mendonça França*, *Adrianna Chang*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Add `SKIP_TEST_DATABASE` environment variable to disable modifying the test database when `rails db:create` and `rails db:drop` are called.
 
-*   Deprecate `ActiveRecord::Result#to_hash` in favor of `ActiveRecord::Result#to_a`.
+    *Jason Schweier*
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*, *Kevin Cheng*
+*   `connects_to` can only be called on `ActiveRecord::Base` or abstract classes.
 
-*   SQLite3 adapter supports expression indexes.
+    Ensure that `connects_to` can only be called from `ActiveRecord::Base` or abstract classes. This protects the application from opening duplicate or too many connections.
 
-    ```
-    create_table :users do |t|
-      t.string :email
-    end
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    add_index :users, 'lower(email)', name: 'index_users_on_email', unique: true
-    ```
+*   All connection adapters `execute` now raises `ActiveRecord::ConnectionNotEstablished` rather than
+    `ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid` when they encounter a connection error.
 
-    *Gray Kemmey*
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-*   Allow subclasses to redefine autosave callbacks for associated records.
+*   `Mysql2Adapter#quote_string` now raises `ActiveRecord::ConnectionNotEstablished` rather than
+    `ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid` when it can't connect to the MySQL server.
 
-    Fixes #33305.
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-    *Andrey Subbota*
+*   Add support for check constraints that are `NOT VALID` via `validate: false` (PostgreSQL-only).
 
-*   Bump minimum MySQL version to 5.5.8.
+    *Alex Robbin*
 
-    *Yasuo Honda*
+*   Ensure the default configuration is considered primary or first for an environment
 
-*   Use MySQL utf8mb4 character set by default.
+    If a multiple database application provides a configuration named primary, that will be treated as default. In applications that do not have a primary entry, the default database configuration will be the first configuration for an environment.
 
-    `utf8mb4` character set with 4-Byte encoding supports supplementary characters including emoji.
-    The previous default 3-Byte encoding character set `utf8` is not enough to support them.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    *Yasuo Honda*
+*   Allow `where` references association names as joined table name aliases.
 
-*   Fix duplicated record creation when using nested attributes with `create_with`.
+    ```ruby
+    class Comment < ActiveRecord::Base
+      enum label: [:default, :child]
+      has_many :children, class_name: "Comment", foreign_key: :parent_id
+    end
 
-    *Darwin Wu*
+    # ... FROM comments LEFT OUTER JOIN comments children ON ... WHERE children.label = 1
+    Comment.includes(:children).where("children.label": "child")
+    ```
 
-*   Configuration item `config.filter_parameters` could also filter out
-    sensitive values of database columns when calling `#inspect`.
-    We also added `ActiveRecord::Base::filter_attributes`/`=` in order to
-    specify sensitive attributes to specific model.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    ```
-    Rails.application.config.filter_parameters += [:credit_card_number, /phone/]
-    Account.last.inspect # => #<Account id: 123, name: "DHH", credit_card_number: [FILTERED], telephone_number: [FILTERED] ...>
-    SecureAccount.filter_attributes += [:name]
-    SecureAccount.last.inspect # => #<SecureAccount id: 42, name: [FILTERED], credit_card_number: [FILTERED] ...>
-    ```
+*   Support storing demodulized class name for polymorphic type.
 
-    *Zhang Kang*, *Yoshiyuki Kinjo*
+    Before Rails 6.1, storing demodulized class name is supported only for STI type
+    by `store_full_sti_class` class attribute.
 
-*   Deprecate `column_name_length`, `table_name_length`, `columns_per_table`,
-    `indexes_per_table`, `columns_per_multicolumn_index`, `sql_query_length`,
-    and `joins_per_query` methods in `DatabaseLimits`.
+    Now `store_full_class_name` class attribute can handle both STI and polymorphic types.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   `ActiveRecord::Base.configurations` now returns an object.
+*   Deprecate `rails db:structure:{load, dump}` tasks and extend
+    `rails db:schema:{load, dump}` tasks to work with either `:ruby` or `:sql` format,
+    depending on `config.active_record.schema_format` configuration value.
 
-    `ActiveRecord::Base.configurations` used to return a hash, but this
-    is an inflexible data model. In order to improve multiple-database
-    handling in Rails, we've changed this to return an object. Some methods
-    are provided to make the object behave hash-like in order to ease the
-    transition process. Since most applications don't manipulate the hash
-    we've decided to add backwards-compatible functionality that will throw
-    a deprecation warning if used, however calling `ActiveRecord::Base.configurations`
-    will use the new version internally and externally.
+    *fatkodima*
 
-    For example, the following `database.yml`:
+*   Respect the `select` values for eager loading.
 
+    ```ruby
+    post = Post.select("UPPER(title) AS title").first
+    post.title # => "WELCOME TO THE WEBLOG"
+    post.body  # => ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError
+
+    # Rails 6.0 (ignore the `select` values)
+    post = Post.select("UPPER(title) AS title").eager_load(:comments).first
+    post.title # => "Welcome to the weblog"
+    post.body  # => "Such a lovely day"
+
+    # Rails 6.1 (respect the `select` values)
+    post = Post.select("UPPER(title) AS title").eager_load(:comments).first
+    post.title # => "WELCOME TO THE WEBLOG"
+    post.body  # => ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError
     ```
-    development:
-      adapter: sqlite3
-      database: db/development.sqlite3
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Allow attribute's default to be configured but keeping its own type.
+
+    ```ruby
+    class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
+      attribute :written_at, default: -> { Time.now.utc }
+    end
+
+    # Rails 6.0
+    Post.type_for_attribute(:written_at) # => #<Type::Value ... precision: nil, ...>
+
+    # Rails 6.1
+    Post.type_for_attribute(:written_at) # => #<Type::DateTime ... precision: 6, ...>
     ```
 
-    Used to become a hash:
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
+*   Allow default to be configured for Enum.
+
+    ```ruby
+    class Book < ActiveRecord::Base
+      enum status: [:proposed, :written, :published], _default: :published
+    end
+
+    Book.new.status # => "published"
     ```
-    { "development" => { "adapter" => "sqlite3", "database" => "db/development.sqlite3" } }
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Deprecate YAML loading from legacy format older than Rails 5.0.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Added the setting `ActiveRecord::Base.immutable_strings_by_default`, which
+    allows you to specify that all string columns should be frozen unless
+    otherwise specified. This will reduce memory pressure for applications which
+    do not generally mutate string properties of Active Record objects.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*, *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Deprecate `map!` and `collect!` on `ActiveRecord::Result`.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Support `relation.and` for intersection as Set theory.
+
+    ```ruby
+    david_and_mary = Author.where(id: [david, mary])
+    mary_and_bob   = Author.where(id: [mary, bob])
+
+    david_and_mary.merge(mary_and_bob) # => [mary, bob]
+
+    david_and_mary.and(mary_and_bob) # => [mary]
+    david_and_mary.or(mary_and_bob)  # => [david, mary, bob]
     ```
 
-    Is now converted into the following object:
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Merging conditions on the same column no longer maintain both conditions,
+    and will be consistently replaced by the latter condition in Rails 7.0.
+    To migrate to Rails 7.0's behavior, use `relation.merge(other, rewhere: true)`.
+
+    ```ruby
+    # Rails 6.1 (IN clause is replaced by merger side equality condition)
+    Author.where(id: [david.id, mary.id]).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => [bob]
+
+    # Rails 6.1 (both conflict conditions exists, deprecated)
+    Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => []
+
+    # Rails 6.1 with rewhere to migrate to Rails 7.0's behavior
+    Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id).merge(Author.where(id: bob), rewhere: true) # => [bob]
 
+    # Rails 7.0 (same behavior with IN clause, mergee side condition is consistently replaced)
+    Author.where(id: [david.id, mary.id]).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => [bob]
+    Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => [bob]
     ```
-    #<ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations:0x00007fd1acbdf800 @configurations=[
-      #<ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::HashConfig:0x00007fd1acbded10 @env_name="development",
-        @spec_name="primary", @config={"adapter"=>"sqlite3", "database"=>"db/development.sqlite3"}>
-      ]
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Do not mark Postgresql MAC address and UUID attributes as changed when the assigned value only varies by case.
+
+    *Peter Fry*
+
+*   Resolve issue with insert_all unique_by option when used with expression index.
+
+    When the `:unique_by` option of `ActiveRecord::Persistence.insert_all` and
+    `ActiveRecord::Persistence.upsert_all` was used with the name of an expression index, an error
+    was raised. Adding a guard around the formatting behavior for the `:unique_by` corrects this.
+
+    Usage:
+
+    ```ruby
+    create_table :books, id: :integer, force: true do |t|
+      t.column :name, :string
+      t.index "lower(name)", unique: true
+    end
+
+    Book.insert_all [{ name: "MyTest" }], unique_by: :index_books_on_lower_name
     ```
 
-    Iterating over the database configurations has also changed. Instead of
-    calling hash methods on the `configurations` hash directly, a new method `configs_for` has
-    been provided that allows you to select the correct configuration. `env_name` and
-    `spec_name` arguments are optional. For example, these return an array of
-    database config objects for the requested environment and a single database config object
-    will be returned for the requested environment and specification name respectively.
+    Fixes #39516.
+
+    *Austen Madden*
+
+*   Add basic support for CHECK constraints to database migrations.
+
+    Usage:
 
+    ```ruby
+    add_check_constraint :products, "price > 0", name: "price_check"
+    remove_check_constraint :products, name: "price_check"
     ```
-    ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "development")
-    ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "development", spec_name: "primary")
+
+    *fatkodima*
+
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.strict_loading_by_default` and `ActiveRecord::Base.strict_loading_by_default=`
+    to enable/disable strict_loading mode by default for a model. The configuration's value is
+    inheritable by subclasses, but they can override that value and it will not impact parent class.
+
+    Usage:
+
+    ```ruby
+    class Developer < ApplicationRecord
+      self.strict_loading_by_default = true
+
+      has_many :projects
+    end
+
+    dev = Developer.first
+    dev.projects.first
+    # => ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError Exception: Developer is marked as strict_loading and Project cannot be lazily loaded.
     ```
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *Aaron Patterson*
+    *bogdanvlviv*
 
-*   Add database configuration to disable advisory locks.
+*   Deprecate passing an Active Record object to `quote`/`type_cast` directly.
 
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Default engine `ENGINE=InnoDB` is no longer dumped to make schema more agnostic.
+
+    Before:
+
+    ```ruby
+    create_table "accounts", options: "ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci", force: :cascade do |t|
+    end
     ```
+
+    After:
+
+    ```ruby
+    create_table "accounts", charset: "utf8mb4", collation: "utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci", force: :cascade do |t|
+    end
+    ```
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Added delegated type as an alternative to single-table inheritance for representing class hierarchies.
+    See ActiveRecord::DelegatedType for the full description.
+
+    *DHH*
+
+*   Deprecate aggregations with group by duplicated fields.
+
+    To migrate to Rails 7.0's behavior, use `uniq!(:group)` to deduplicate group fields.
+
+    ```ruby
+    accounts = Account.group(:firm_id)
+
+    # duplicated group fields, deprecated.
+    accounts.merge(accounts.where.not(credit_limit: nil)).sum(:credit_limit)
+    # => {
+    #   [1, 1] => 50,
+    #   [2, 2] => 60
+    # }
+
+    # use `uniq!(:group)` to deduplicate group fields.
+    accounts.merge(accounts.where.not(credit_limit: nil)).uniq!(:group).sum(:credit_limit)
+    # => {
+    #   1 => 50,
+    #   2 => 60
+    # }
+    ```
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Deprecate duplicated query annotations.
+
+    To migrate to Rails 7.0's behavior, use `uniq!(:annotate)` to deduplicate query annotations.
+
+    ```ruby
+    accounts = Account.where(id: [1, 2]).annotate("david and mary")
+
+    # duplicated annotations, deprecated.
+    accounts.merge(accounts.rewhere(id: 3))
+    # SELECT accounts.* FROM accounts WHERE accounts.id = 3 /* david and mary */ /* david and mary */
+
+    # use `uniq!(:annotate)` to deduplicate annotations.
+    accounts.merge(accounts.rewhere(id: 3)).uniq!(:annotate)
+    # SELECT accounts.* FROM accounts WHERE accounts.id = 3 /* david and mary */
+    ```
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Resolve conflict between counter cache and optimistic locking.
+
+    Bump an Active Record instance's lock version after updating its counter
+    cache. This avoids raising an unnecessary `ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError`
+    upon subsequent transactions by maintaining parity with the corresponding
+    database record's `lock_version` column.
+
+    Fixes #16449.
+
+    *Aaron Lipman*
+
+*   Support merging option `:rewhere` to allow mergee side condition to be replaced exactly.
+
+    ```ruby
+    david_and_mary = Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id)
+
+    # both conflict conditions exists
+    david_and_mary.merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => []
+
+    # mergee side condition is replaced by rewhere
+    david_and_mary.merge(Author.rewhere(id: bob)) # => [bob]
+
+    # mergee side condition is replaced by rewhere option
+    david_and_mary.merge(Author.where(id: bob), rewhere: true) # => [bob]
+    ```
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Add support for finding records based on signed ids, which are tamper-proof, verified ids that can be
+    set to expire and scoped with a purpose. This is particularly useful for things like password reset
+    or email verification, where you want the bearer of the signed id to be able to interact with the
+    underlying record, but usually only within a certain time period.
+
+    ```ruby
+    signed_id = User.first.signed_id expires_in: 15.minutes, purpose: :password_reset
+
+    User.find_signed signed_id # => nil, since the purpose does not match
+
+    travel 16.minutes
+    User.find_signed signed_id, purpose: :password_reset # => nil, since the signed id has expired
+
+    travel_back
+    User.find_signed signed_id, purpose: :password_reset # => User.first
+
+    User.find_signed! "bad data" # => ActiveSupport::MessageVerifier::InvalidSignature
+    ```
+
+    *DHH*
+
+*   Support `ALGORITHM = INSTANT` DDL option for index operations on MySQL.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Fix index creation to preserve index comment in bulk change table on MySQL.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Allow `unscope` to be aware of table name qualified values.
+
+    It is possible to unscope only the column in the specified table.
+
+    ```ruby
+    posts = Post.joins(:comments).group(:"posts.hidden")
+    posts = posts.where("posts.hidden": false, "comments.hidden": false)
+
+    posts.count
+    # => { false => 10 }
+
+    # unscope both hidden columns
+    posts.unscope(where: :hidden).count
+    # => { false => 11, true => 1 }
+
+    # unscope only comments.hidden column
+    posts.unscope(where: :"comments.hidden").count
+    # => { false => 11 }
+    ```
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*, *Slava Korolev*
+
+*   Fix `rewhere` to truly overwrite collided where clause by new where clause.
+
+    ```ruby
+    steve = Person.find_by(name: "Steve")
+    david = Author.find_by(name: "David")
+
+    relation = Essay.where(writer: steve)
+
+    # Before
+    relation.rewhere(writer: david).to_a # => []
+
+    # After
+    relation.rewhere(writer: david).to_a # => [david]
+    ```
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Inspect time attributes with subsec and time zone offset.
+
+    ```ruby
+    p Knot.create
+    => #<Knot id: 1, created_at: "2016-05-05 01:29:47.116928000 +0000">
+    ```
+
+    *akinomaeni*, *Jonathan Hefner*
+
+*   Deprecate passing a column to `type_cast`.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Deprecate `in_clause_length` and `allowed_index_name_length` in `DatabaseLimits`.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Support bulk insert/upsert on relation to preserve scope values.
+
+    *Josef Šimánek*, *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Preserve column comment value on changing column name on MySQL.
+
+    *Islam Taha*
+
+*   Add support for `if_exists` option for removing an index.
+
+    The `remove_index` method can take an `if_exists` option. If this is set to true an error won't be raised if the index doesn't exist.
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+
+*   Remove ibm_db, informix, mssql, oracle, and oracle12 Arel visitors which are not used in the code base.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Prevent `build_association` from `touching` a parent record if the record isn't persisted for `has_one` associations.
+
+    Fixes #38219.
+
+    *Josh Brody*
+
+*   Add support for `if_not_exists` option for adding index.
+
+    The `add_index` method respects `if_not_exists` option. If it is set to true
+    index won't be added.
+
+    Usage:
+
+    ```ruby
+      add_index :users, :account_id, if_not_exists: true
+    ```
+
+    The `if_not_exists` option passed to `create_table` also gets propagated to indexes
+    created within that migration so that if table and its indexes exist then there is no
+    attempt to create them again.
+
+    *Prathamesh Sonpatki*
+
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base#previously_new_record?` to show if a record was new before the last save.
+
+    *Tom Ward*
+
+*   Support descending order for `find_each`, `find_in_batches`, and `in_batches`.
+
+    Batch processing methods allow you to work with the records in batches, greatly reducing memory consumption, but records are always batched from oldest id to newest.
+
+    This change allows reversing the order, batching from newest to oldest. This is useful when you need to process newer batches of records first.
+
+    Pass `order: :desc` to yield batches in descending order. The default remains `order: :asc`.
+
+    ```ruby
+    Person.find_each(order: :desc) do |person|
+      person.party_all_night!
+    end
+    ```
+
+    *Alexey Vasiliev*
+
+*   Fix `insert_all` with enum values.
+
+    Fixes #38716.
+
+    *Joel Blum*
+
+*   Add support for `db:rollback:name` for multiple database applications.
+
+    Multiple database applications will now raise if `db:rollback` is call and recommend using the `db:rollback:[NAME]` to rollback migrations.
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+
+*   `Relation#pick` now uses already loaded results instead of making another query.
+
+    *Eugene Kenny*
+
+*   Deprecate using `return`, `break` or `throw` to exit a transaction block after writes.
+
+    *Dylan Thacker-Smith*
+
+*   Dump the schema or structure of a database when calling `db:migrate:name`.
+
+    In previous versions of Rails, `rails db:migrate` would dump the schema of the database. In Rails 6, that holds true (`rails db:migrate` dumps all databases' schemas), but `rails db:migrate:name` does not share that behavior.
+
+    Going forward, calls to `rails db:migrate:name` will dump the schema (or structure) of the database being migrated.
+
+    *Kyle Thompson*
+
+*   Reset the `ActiveRecord::Base` connection after `rails db:migrate:name`.
+
+    When `rails db:migrate` has finished, it ensures the `ActiveRecord::Base` connection is reset to its original configuration. Going forward, `rails db:migrate:name` will have the same behavior.
+
+    *Kyle Thompson*
+
+*   Disallow calling `connected_to` on subclasses of `ActiveRecord::Base`.
+
+    Behavior has not changed here but the previous API could be misleading to people who thought it would switch connections for only that class. `connected_to` switches the context from which we are getting connections, not the connections themselves.
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
+
+*   Add support for horizontal sharding to `connects_to` and `connected_to`.
+
+    Applications can now connect to multiple shards and switch between their shards in an application. Note that the shard swapping is still a manual process as this change does not include an API for automatic shard swapping.
+
+    Usage:
+
+    Given the following configuration:
+
+    ```yaml
+    # config/database.yml
     production:
+      primary:
+        database: my_database
+      primary_shard_one:
+        database: my_database_shard_one
+    ```
+
+    Connect to multiple shards:
+
+    ```ruby
+    class ApplicationRecord < ActiveRecord::Base
+      self.abstract_class = true
+
+      connects_to shards: {
+        default: { writing: :primary },
+        shard_one: { writing: :primary_shard_one }
+      }
+    ```
+
+    Swap between shards in your controller / model code:
+
+    ```ruby
+    ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(shard: :shard_one) do
+      # Read from shard one
+    end
+    ```
+
+    The horizontal sharding API also supports read replicas. See guides for more details.
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
+
+*   Deprecate `spec_name` in favor of `name` on database configurations.
+
+    The accessors for `spec_name` on `configs_for` and `DatabaseConfig` are deprecated. Please use `name` instead.
+
+    Deprecated behavior:
+
+    ```ruby
+    db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "development", spec_name: "primary")
+    db_config.spec_name
+    ```
+
+    New behavior:
+
+    ```ruby
+    db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "development", name: "primary")
+    db_config.name
+    ```
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+
+*   Add additional database-specific rake tasks for multi-database users.
+
+    Previously, `rails db:create`, `rails db:drop`, and `rails db:migrate` were the only rails tasks that could operate on a single
+    database. For example:
+
+    ```
+    rails db:create
+    rails db:create:primary
+    rails db:create:animals
+    rails db:drop
+    rails db:drop:primary
+    rails db:drop:animals
+    rails db:migrate
+    rails db:migrate:primary
+    rails db:migrate:animals
+    ```
+
+    With these changes, `rails db:schema:dump`, `rails db:schema:load`, `rails db:structure:dump`, `rails db:structure:load` and
+    `rails db:test:prepare` can additionally operate on a single database. For example:
+
+    ```
+    rails db:schema:dump
+    rails db:schema:dump:primary
+    rails db:schema:dump:animals
+    rails db:schema:load
+    rails db:schema:load:primary
+    rails db:schema:load:animals
+    rails db:structure:dump
+    rails db:structure:dump:primary
+    rails db:structure:dump:animals
+    rails db:structure:load
+    rails db:structure:load:primary
+    rails db:structure:load:animals
+    rails db:test:prepare
+    rails db:test:prepare:primary
+    rails db:test:prepare:animals
+    ```
+
+    *Kyle Thompson*
+
+*   Add support for `strict_loading` mode on association declarations.
+
+    Raise an error if attempting to load a record from an association that has been marked as `strict_loading` unless it was explicitly eager loaded.
+
+    Usage:
+
+    ```ruby
+    class Developer < ApplicationRecord
+      has_many :projects, strict_loading: true
+    end
+
+    dev = Developer.first
+    dev.projects.first
+    # => ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError: The projects association is marked as strict_loading and cannot be lazily loaded.
+    ```
+
+    *Kevin Deisz*
+
+*   Add support for `strict_loading` mode to prevent lazy loading of records.
+
+    Raise an error if a parent record is marked as `strict_loading` and attempts to lazily load its associations. This is useful for finding places you may want to preload an association and avoid additional queries.
+
+    Usage:
+
+    ```ruby
+    dev = Developer.strict_loading.first
+    dev.audit_logs.to_a
+    # => ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError: Developer is marked as strict_loading and AuditLog cannot be lazily loaded.
+    ```
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *Aaron Patterson*
+
+*   Add support for PostgreSQL 11+ partitioned indexes when using `upsert_all`.
+
+    *Sebastián Palma*
+
+*   Adds support for `if_not_exists` to `add_column` and `if_exists` to `remove_column`.
+
+    Applications can set their migrations to ignore exceptions raised when adding a column that already exists or when removing a column that does not exist.
+
+    Example Usage:
+
+    ```ruby
+    class AddColumnTitle < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.1]
+      def change
+        add_column :posts, :title, :string, if_not_exists: true
+      end
+    end
+    ```
+
+    ```ruby
+    class RemoveColumnTitle < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.1]
+      def change
+        remove_column :posts, :title, if_exists: true
+      end
+    end
+    ```
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+
+*   Regexp-escape table name for MS SQL Server.
+
+    Add `Regexp.escape` to one method in ActiveRecord, so that table names with regular expression characters in them work as expected. Since MS SQL Server uses "[" and "]" to quote table and column names, and those characters are regular expression characters, methods like `pluck` and `select` fail in certain cases when used with the MS SQL Server adapter.
+
+    *Larry Reid*
+
+*   Store advisory locks on their own named connection.
+
+    Previously advisory locks were taken out against a connection when a migration started. This works fine in single database applications but doesn't work well when migrations need to open new connections which results in the lock getting dropped.
+
+    In order to fix this we are storing the advisory lock on a new connection with the connection specification name `AdvisoryLockBase`. The caveat is that we need to maintain at least 2 connections to a database while migrations are running in order to do this.
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
+
+*   Allow schema cache path to be defined in the database configuration file.
+
+    For example:
+
+    ```yaml
+    development:
       adapter: postgresql
-      advisory_locks: false
+      database: blog_development
+      pool: 5
+      schema_cache_path: tmp/schema/main.yml
     ```
 
-    *Guo Xiang*
+    *Katrina Owen*
 
-*   SQLite3 adapter `alter_table` method restores foreign keys.
+*   Deprecate `#remove_connection` in favor of `#remove_connection_pool` when called on the handler.
 
-    *Yasuo Honda*
+    `#remove_connection` is deprecated in order to support returning a `DatabaseConfig` object instead of a `Hash`. Use `#remove_connection_pool`, `#remove_connection` will be removed in Rails 7.0.
 
-*   Allow `:to_table` option to `invert_remove_foreign_key`.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    Example:
+*   Deprecate `#default_hash` and it's alias `#[]` on database configurations.
+
+    Applications should use `configs_for`. `#default_hash` and `#[]` will be removed in Rails 7.0.
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
+
+*   Add scale support to `ActiveRecord::Validations::NumericalityValidator`.
+
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
+
+*   Find orphans by looking for missing relations through chaining `where.missing`:
+
+    Before:
+
+    ```ruby
+    Post.left_joins(:author).where(authors: { id: nil })
+    ```
+
+    After:
+
+    ```ruby
+    Post.where.missing(:author)
+    ```
+
+    *Tom Rossi*
+
+*   Ensure `:reading` connections always raise if a write is attempted.
+
+    Now Rails will raise an `ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyError` if any connection on the reading handler attempts to make a write. If your reading role needs to write you should name the role something other than `:reading`.
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+
+*   Deprecate `"primary"` as the `connection_specification_name` for `ActiveRecord::Base`.
+
+    `"primary"` has been deprecated as the `connection_specification_name` for `ActiveRecord::Base` in favor of using `"ActiveRecord::Base"`. This change affects calls to `ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handler.retrieve_connection` and `ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handler.remove_connection`. If you're calling these methods with `"primary"`, please switch to `"ActiveRecord::Base"`.
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
+
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Validations::NumericalityValidator` with
+    support for casting floats using a database columns' precision value.
+
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
+
+*   Enforce fresh ETag header after a collection's contents change by adding
+    ActiveRecord::Relation#cache_key_with_version. This method will be used by
+    ActionController::ConditionalGet to ensure that when collection cache versioning
+    is enabled, requests using ConditionalGet don't return the same ETag header
+    after a collection is modified.
+
+    Fixes #38078.
+
+    *Aaron Lipman*
+
+*   Skip test database when running `db:create` or `db:drop` in development
+    with `DATABASE_URL` set.
+
+    *Brian Buchalter*
+
+*   Don't allow mutations on the database configurations hash.
+
+    Freeze the configurations hash to disallow directly changing it. If applications need to change the hash, for example to create databases for parallelization, they should use the `DatabaseConfig` object directly.
+
+    Before:
+
+    ```ruby
+    @db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "test", spec_name: "primary")
+    @db_config.configuration_hash.merge!(idle_timeout: "0.02")
+    ```
+
+    After:
+
+    ```ruby
+    @db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "test", spec_name: "primary")
+    config = @db_config.configuration_hash.merge(idle_timeout: "0.02")
+    db_config = ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::HashConfig.new(@db_config.env_name, @db_config.spec_name, config)
+    ```
 
-       remove_foreign_key :accounts, to_table: :owners
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    *Nikolay Epifanov*, *Rich Chen*
+*   Remove `:connection_id` from the `sql.active_record` notification.
 
-*   Add environment & load_config dependency to `bin/rake db:seed` to enable
-    seed load in environments without Rails and custom DB configuration
+    *Aaron Patterson*, *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Tobias Bielohlawek*
+*   The `:name` key will no longer be returned as part of `DatabaseConfig#configuration_hash`. Please use `DatabaseConfig#owner_name` instead.
 
-*   Fix default value for mysql time types with specified precision.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    *Nikolay Kondratyev*
+*   ActiveRecord's `belongs_to_required_by_default` flag can now be set per model.
 
-*   Fix `touch` option to behave consistently with `Persistence#touch` method.
+    You can now opt-out/opt-in specific models from having their associations required
+    by default.
+
+    This change is meant to ease the process of migrating all your models to have
+    their association required.
+
+    *Edouard Chin*
+
+*   The `connection_config` method has been deprecated, please use `connection_db_config` instead which will return a `DatabaseConfigurations::DatabaseConfig` instead of a `Hash`.
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
+
+*   Retain explicit selections on the base model after applying `includes` and `joins`.
+
+    Resolves #34889.
+
+    *Patrick Rebsch*
+
+*   The `database` kwarg is deprecated without replacement because it can't be used for sharding and creates an issue if it's used during a request. Applications that need to create new connections should use `connects_to` instead.
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
+
+*   Allow attributes to be fetched from Arel node groupings.
+
+    *Jeff Emminger*, *Gannon McGibbon*
+
+*   A database URL can now contain a querystring value that contains an equal sign. This is needed to support passing PostgreSQL `options`.
+
+    *Joshua Flanagan*
+
+*   Calling methods like `establish_connection` with a `Hash` which is invalid (eg: no `adapter`) will now raise an error the same way as connections defined in `config/database.yml`.
+
+    *John Crepezzi*
+
+*   Specifying `implicit_order_column` now subsorts the records by primary key if available to ensure deterministic results.
+
+    *Paweł Urbanek*
+
+*   `where(attr => [])` now loads an empty result without making a query.
+
+    *John Hawthorn*
+
+*   Fixed the performance regression for `primary_keys` introduced MySQL 8.0.
+
+    *Hiroyuki Ishii*
+
+*   Add support for `belongs_to` to `has_many` inversing.
+
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
+
+*   Allow length configuration for `has_secure_token` method. The minimum length
+    is set at 24 characters.
+
+    Before:
+
+    ```ruby
+    has_secure_token :auth_token
+    ```
+
+    After:
+
+    ```ruby
+    has_secure_token :default_token             # 24 characters
+    has_secure_token :auth_token, length: 36    # 36 characters
+    has_secure_token :invalid_token, length: 12 # => ActiveRecord::SecureToken::MinimumLengthError
+    ```
+
+    *Bernardo de Araujo*
+
+*   Deprecate `DatabaseConfigurations#to_h`. These connection hashes are still available via `ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for`.
+
+    *Eileen Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
+
+*   Add `DatabaseConfig#configuration_hash` to return database configuration hashes with symbol keys, and use all symbol-key configuration hashes internally. Deprecate `DatabaseConfig#config` which returns a String-keyed `Hash` with the same values.
+
+    *John Crepezzi*, *Eileen Uchitelle*
+
+*   Allow column names to be passed to `remove_index` positionally along with other options.
+
+    Passing other options can be necessary to make `remove_index` correctly reversible.
+
+    Before:
+
+        add_index    :reports, :report_id               # => works
+        add_index    :reports, :report_id, unique: true # => works
+        remove_index :reports, :report_id               # => works
+        remove_index :reports, :report_id, unique: true # => ArgumentError
+
+    After:
+
+        remove_index :reports, :report_id, unique: true # => works
+
+    *Eugene Kenny*
+
+*   Allow bulk `ALTER` statements to drop and recreate indexes with the same name.
+
+    *Eugene Kenny*
+
+*   `insert`, `insert_all`, `upsert`, and `upsert_all` now clear the query cache.
+
+    *Eugene Kenny*
+
+*   Call `while_preventing_writes` directly from `connected_to`.
+
+    In some cases application authors want to use the database switching middleware and make explicit calls with `connected_to`. It's possible for an app to turn off writes and not turn them back on by the time we call `connected_to(role: :writing)`.
+
+    This change allows apps to fix this by assuming if a role is writing we want to allow writes, except in the case it's explicitly turned off.
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+
+*   Improve detection of ActiveRecord::StatementTimeout with mysql2 adapter in the edge case when the query is terminated during filesort.
+
+    *Kir Shatrov*
+
+*   Stop trying to read yaml file fixtures when loading Active Record fixtures.
+
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
+
+*   Deprecate `.reorder(nil)` with `.first` / `.first!` taking non-deterministic result.
+
+    To continue taking non-deterministic result, use `.take` / `.take!` instead.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Migrations raise when duplicate column definition.
+*   Preserve user supplied joins order as much as possible.
 
-    Fixes #33024.
+    Fixes #36761, #34328, #24281, #12953.
 
-    *Federico Martinez*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Bump minimum SQLite version to 3.8
+*   Allow `matches_regex` and `does_not_match_regexp` on the MySQL Arel visitor.
 
-    *Yasuo Honda*
+    *James Pearson*
 
-*   Fix parent record should not get saved with duplicate children records.
+*   Allow specifying fixtures to be ignored by setting `ignore` in YAML file's '_fixture' section.
 
-    Fixes #32940.
+    *Tongfei Gao*
 
-    *Santosh Wadghule*
+*   Make the DATABASE_URL env variable only affect the primary connection. Add new env variables for multiple databases.
 
-*   Fix logic on disabling commit callbacks so they are not called unexpectedly when errors occur.
+    *John Crepezzi*, *Eileen Uchitelle*
 
-    *Brian Durand*
+*   Add a warning for enum elements with 'not_' prefix.
 
-*   Ensure `Associations::CollectionAssociation#size` and `Associations::CollectionAssociation#empty?`
-    use loaded association ids if present.
+        class Foo
+          enum status: [:sent, :not_sent]
+        end
 
-    *Graham Turner*
+    *Edu Depetris*
 
-*   Add support to preload associations of polymorphic associations when not all the records have the requested associations.
+*   Make currency symbols optional for money column type in PostgreSQL.
 
-    *Dana Sherson*
+    *Joel Schneider*
 
-*   Add `touch_all` method to `ActiveRecord::Relation`.
+*   Add support for beginless ranges, introduced in Ruby 2.7.
 
-    Example:
+    *Josh Goodall*
+
+*   Add `database_exists?` method to connection adapters to check if a database exists.
 
-        Person.where(name: "David").touch_all(time: Time.new(2020, 5, 16, 0, 0, 0))
+    *Guilherme Mansur*
 
-    *fatkodima*, *duggiefresh*
+*   Loading the schema for a model that has no `table_name` raises a `TableNotSpecified` error.
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.base_class?` predicate.
+    *Guilherme Mansur*, *Eugene Kenny*
 
-    *Bogdan Gusiev*
+*   PostgreSQL: Fix GROUP BY with ORDER BY virtual count attribute.
 
-*   Add custom prefix/suffix options to `ActiveRecord::Store.store_accessor`.
+    Fixes #36022.
 
-    *Tan Huynh*, *Yukio Mizuta*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Rails 6 requires Ruby 2.5.0 or newer.
+*   Make ActiveRecord `ConnectionPool.connections` method thread-safe.
 
-    *Jeremy Daer*, *Kasper Timm Hansen*
+    Fixes #36465.
 
-*   Deprecate `update_attributes`/`!` in favor of `update`/`!`.
+    *Jeff Doering*
 
-    *Eddie Lebow*
+*   Add support for multiple databases to `rails db:abort_if_pending_migrations`.
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.create_or_find_by`/`!` to deal with the SELECT/INSERT race condition in
-    `ActiveRecord::Base.find_or_create_by`/`!` by leaning on unique constraints in the database.
+    *Mark Lee*
 
-    *DHH*
+*   Fix sqlite3 collation parsing when using decimal columns.
 
-*   Add `Relation#pick` as short-hand for single-value plucks.
+    *Martin R. Schuster*
 
-    *DHH*
+*   Fix invalid schema when primary key column has a comment.
+
+    Fixes #29966.
+
+    *Guilherme Goettems Schneider*
+
+*   Fix table comment also being applied to the primary key column.
+
+    *Guilherme Goettems Schneider*
+
+*   Allow generated `create_table` migrations to include or skip timestamps.
+
+    *Michael Duchemin*
 
 
-Please check [5-2-stable](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/5-2-stable/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md) for previous changes.
+Please check [6-0-stable](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/6-0-stable/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md) for previous changes.