activerecord 5.2.4.5 → 6.0.0.beta1

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/quoting.rb

@@ -93,11 +93,11 @@ module ActiveRecord
               elsif value.hex?
                 "X'#{value}'"
               end
-            when Float
-              if value.infinite? || value.nan?
-                "'#{value}'"
-              else
+            when Numeric
+              if value.finite?
                 super
+              else
+                "'#{value}'"
               end
             when OID::Array::Data
               _quote(encode_array(value))

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_creation.rb

@@ -17,48 +17,23 @@ module ActiveRecord
             "VALIDATE CONSTRAINT #{quote_column_name(name)}"
           end
 
-          def visit_ChangeColumnDefinition(o)
-            column = o.column
-            column.sql_type = type_to_sql(column.type, column.options)
-            quoted_column_name = quote_column_name(o.name)
-
-            change_column_sql = "ALTER COLUMN #{quoted_column_name} TYPE #{column.sql_type}".dup
-
-            options = column_options(column)
-
-            if options[:collation]
-              change_column_sql << " COLLATE \"#{options[:collation]}\""
-            end
-
-            if options[:using]
-              change_column_sql << " USING #{options[:using]}"
-            elsif options[:cast_as]
-              cast_as_type = type_to_sql(options[:cast_as], options)
-              change_column_sql << " USING CAST(#{quoted_column_name} AS #{cast_as_type})"
-            end
-
-            if options.key?(:default)
-              if options[:default].nil?
-                change_column_sql << ", ALTER COLUMN #{quoted_column_name} DROP DEFAULT"
-              else
-                quoted_default = quote_default_expression(options[:default], column)
-                change_column_sql << ", ALTER COLUMN #{quoted_column_name} SET DEFAULT #{quoted_default}"
-              end
-            end
-
-            if options.key?(:null)
-              change_column_sql << ", ALTER COLUMN #{quoted_column_name} #{options[:null] ? 'DROP' : 'SET'} NOT NULL"
-            end
-
-            change_column_sql
-          end
-
           def add_column_options!(sql, options)
             if options[:collation]
               sql << " COLLATE \"#{options[:collation]}\""
             end
             super
           end
+
+          # Returns any SQL string to go between CREATE and TABLE. May be nil.
+          def table_modifier_in_create(o)
+            # A table cannot be both TEMPORARY and UNLOGGED, since all TEMPORARY
+            # tables are already UNLOGGED.
+            if o.temporary
+              " TEMPORARY"
+            elsif o.unlogged
+              " UNLOGGED"
+            end
+          end
       end
     end
   end

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_definitions.rb

@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ module ActiveRecord
         #     t.timestamps
         #   end
         #
-        # By default, this will use the +gen_random_uuid()+ function from the
+        # By default, this will use the <tt>gen_random_uuid()</tt> function from the
         # +pgcrypto+ extension. As that extension is only available in
         # PostgreSQL 9.4+, for earlier versions an explicit default can be set
-        # to use +uuid_generate_v4()+ from the +uuid-ossp+ extension instead:
+        # to use <tt>uuid_generate_v4()</tt> from the +uuid-ossp+ extension instead:
         #
         #   create_table :stuffs, id: false do |t|
         #     t.primary_key :id, :uuid, default: "uuid_generate_v4()"
@@ -175,6 +175,13 @@ module ActiveRecord
       class TableDefinition < ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::TableDefinition
         include ColumnMethods
 
+        attr_reader :unlogged
+
+        def initialize(*)
+          super
+          @unlogged = ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::PostgreSQLAdapter.create_unlogged_tables
+        end
+
         private
           def integer_like_primary_key_type(type, options)
             if type == :bigint || options[:limit] == 8

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb

@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
         def create_database(name, options = {})
           options = { encoding: "utf8" }.merge!(options.symbolize_keys)
 
-          option_string = options.inject("") do |memo, (key, value)|
-            memo += case key
+          option_string = options.each_with_object(+"") do |(key, value), memo|
+            memo << case key
                     when :owner
                       " OWNER = \"#{value}\""
                     when :template
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
           table = quoted_scope(table_name)
           index = quoted_scope(index_name)
 
-          query_value(<<-SQL, "SCHEMA").to_i > 0
+          query_value(<<~SQL, "SCHEMA").to_i > 0
             SELECT COUNT(*)
             FROM pg_class t
             INNER JOIN pg_index d ON t.oid = d.indrelid
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
         def indexes(table_name) # :nodoc:
           scope = quoted_scope(table_name)
 
-          result = query(<<-SQL, "SCHEMA")
+          result = query(<<~SQL, "SCHEMA")
             SELECT distinct i.relname, d.indisunique, d.indkey, pg_get_indexdef(d.indexrelid), t.oid,
                             pg_catalog.obj_description(i.oid, 'pg_class') AS comment
             FROM pg_class t
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
             if indkey.include?(0)
               columns = expressions
             else
-              columns = Hash[query(<<-SQL.strip_heredoc, "SCHEMA")].values_at(*indkey).compact
+              columns = Hash[query(<<~SQL, "SCHEMA")].values_at(*indkey).compact
                 SELECT a.attnum, a.attname
                 FROM pg_attribute a
                 WHERE a.attrelid = #{oid}
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
         def table_comment(table_name) # :nodoc:
           scope = quoted_scope(table_name, type: "BASE TABLE")
           if scope[:name]
-            query_value(<<-SQL.strip_heredoc, "SCHEMA")
+            query_value(<<~SQL, "SCHEMA")
               SELECT pg_catalog.obj_description(c.oid, 'pg_class')
               FROM pg_catalog.pg_class c
                 LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
         # Returns an array of schema names.
         def schema_names
-          query_values(<<-SQL, "SCHEMA")
+          query_values(<<~SQL, "SCHEMA")
             SELECT nspname
               FROM pg_namespace
              WHERE nspname !~ '^pg_.*'
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
         def pk_and_sequence_for(table) #:nodoc:
           # First try looking for a sequence with a dependency on the
           # given table's primary key.
-          result = query(<<-end_sql, "SCHEMA")[0]
+          result = query(<<~SQL, "SCHEMA")[0]
             SELECT attr.attname, nsp.nspname, seq.relname
             FROM pg_class      seq,
                  pg_attribute  attr,
@@ -319,10 +319,10 @@ module ActiveRecord
               AND cons.contype      = 'p'
               AND dep.classid       = 'pg_class'::regclass
               AND dep.refobjid      = #{quote(quote_table_name(table))}::regclass
-          end_sql
+          SQL
 
           if result.nil? || result.empty?
-            result = query(<<-end_sql, "SCHEMA")[0]
+            result = query(<<~SQL, "SCHEMA")[0]
               SELECT attr.attname, nsp.nspname,
                 CASE
                   WHEN pg_get_expr(def.adbin, def.adrelid) !~* 'nextval' THEN NULL
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
               WHERE t.oid = #{quote(quote_table_name(table))}::regclass
                 AND cons.contype = 'p'
                 AND pg_get_expr(def.adbin, def.adrelid) ~* 'nextval|uuid_generate'
-            end_sql
+            SQL
           end
 
           pk = result.shift
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
 
         def primary_keys(table_name) # :nodoc:
-          query_values(<<-SQL.strip_heredoc, "SCHEMA")
+          query_values(<<~SQL, "SCHEMA")
             SELECT a.attname
               FROM (
                      SELECT indrelid, indkey, generate_subscripts(indkey, 1) idx
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
         def foreign_keys(table_name)
           scope = quoted_scope(table_name)
-          fk_info = exec_query(<<-SQL.strip_heredoc, "SCHEMA")
+          fk_info = exec_query(<<~SQL, "SCHEMA")
             SELECT t2.oid::regclass::text AS to_table, a1.attname AS column, a2.attname AS primary_key, c.conname AS name, c.confupdtype AS on_update, c.confdeltype AS on_delete, c.convalidated AS valid
             FROM pg_constraint c
             JOIN pg_class t1 ON c.conrelid = t1.oid
@@ -683,20 +683,38 @@ module ActiveRecord
             end
           end
 
+          def change_column_sql(table_name, column_name, type, options = {})
+            quoted_column_name = quote_column_name(column_name)
+            sql_type = type_to_sql(type, options)
+            sql = +"ALTER COLUMN #{quoted_column_name} TYPE #{sql_type}"
+            if options[:collation]
+              sql << " COLLATE \"#{options[:collation]}\""
+            end
+            if options[:using]
+              sql << " USING #{options[:using]}"
+            elsif options[:cast_as]
+              cast_as_type = type_to_sql(options[:cast_as], options)
+              sql << " USING CAST(#{quoted_column_name} AS #{cast_as_type})"
+            end
+
+            sql
+          end
+
           def add_column_for_alter(table_name, column_name, type, options = {})
             return super unless options.key?(:comment)
             [super, Proc.new { change_column_comment(table_name, column_name, options[:comment]) }]
           end
 
           def change_column_for_alter(table_name, column_name, type, options = {})
-            td = create_table_definition(table_name)
-            cd = td.new_column_definition(column_name, type, options)
-            sqls = [schema_creation.accept(ChangeColumnDefinition.new(cd, column_name))]
+            sqls = [change_column_sql(table_name, column_name, type, options)]
+            sqls << change_column_default_for_alter(table_name, column_name, options[:default]) if options.key?(:default)
+            sqls << change_column_null_for_alter(table_name, column_name, options[:null], options[:default]) if options.key?(:null)
             sqls << Proc.new { change_column_comment(table_name, column_name, options[:comment]) } if options.key?(:comment)
             sqls
           end
 
-          def change_column_default_for_alter(table_name, column_name, default_or_changes)
+          # Changes the default value of a table column.
+          def change_column_default_for_alter(table_name, column_name, default_or_changes) # :nodoc:
             column = column_for(table_name, column_name)
             return unless column
 
@@ -711,8 +729,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
             end
           end
 
-          def change_column_null_for_alter(table_name, column_name, null, default = nil)
-            "ALTER COLUMN #{quote_column_name(column_name)} #{null ? 'DROP' : 'SET'} NOT NULL"
+          def change_column_null_for_alter(table_name, column_name, null, default = nil) #:nodoc:
+            "ALTER #{quote_column_name(column_name)} #{null ? 'DROP' : 'SET'} NOT NULL"
           end
 
           def add_timestamps_for_alter(table_name, options = {})
@@ -739,7 +757,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
             scope = quoted_scope(name, type: type)
             scope[:type] ||= "'r','v','m','p','f'" # (r)elation/table, (v)iew, (m)aterialized view, (p)artitioned table, (f)oreign table
 
-            sql = "SELECT c.relname FROM pg_class c LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace".dup
+            sql = +"SELECT c.relname FROM pg_class c LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace"
             sql << " WHERE n.nspname = #{scope[:schema]}"
             sql << " AND c.relname = #{scope[:name]}" if scope[:name]
             sql << " AND c.relkind IN (#{scope[:type]})"

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/type_metadata.rb

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module ActiveRecord
+  # :stopdoc:
   module ConnectionAdapters
     class PostgreSQLTypeMetadata < DelegateClass(SqlTypeMetadata)
       undef to_yaml if method_defined?(:to_yaml)
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       end
 
       def sql_type
-        super.gsub(/\[\]$/, "".freeze)
+        super.gsub(/\[\]$/, "")
       end
 
       def ==(other)

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ gem "pg", ">= 0.18", "< 2.0"
 require "pg"
 
 # Use async_exec instead of exec_params on pg versions before 1.1
-class ::PG::Connection
+class ::PG::Connection # :nodoc:
   unless self.public_method_defined?(:async_exec_params)
     remove_method :exec_params
     alias exec_params async_exec
@@ -43,9 +43,14 @@ module ActiveRecord
       valid_conn_param_keys = PG::Connection.conndefaults_hash.keys + [:requiressl]
       conn_params.slice!(*valid_conn_param_keys)
 
-      # The postgres drivers don't allow the creation of an unconnected PG::Connection object,
-      # so just pass a nil connection object for the time being.
-      ConnectionAdapters::PostgreSQLAdapter.new(nil, logger, conn_params, config)
+      conn = PG.connect(conn_params)
+      ConnectionAdapters::PostgreSQLAdapter.new(conn, logger, conn_params, config)
+    rescue ::PG::Error => error
+      if error.message.include?("does not exist")
+        raise ActiveRecord::NoDatabaseError
+      else
+        raise
+      end
     end
   end
 
@@ -78,7 +83,20 @@ module ActiveRecord
     # In addition, default connection parameters of libpq can be set per environment variables.
     # See https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/libpq-envars.html .
     class PostgreSQLAdapter < AbstractAdapter
-      ADAPTER_NAME = "PostgreSQL".freeze
+      ADAPTER_NAME = "PostgreSQL"
+
+      ##
+      # :singleton-method:
+      # PostgreSQL allows the creation of "unlogged" tables, which do not record
+      # data in the PostgreSQL Write-Ahead Log. This can make the tables faster,
+      # but significantly increases the risk of data loss if the database
+      # crashes. As a result, this should not be used in production
+      # environments. If you would like all created tables to be unlogged in
+      # the test environment you can add the following line to your test.rb
+      # file:
+      #
+      #   ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::PostgreSQLAdapter.create_unlogged_tables = true
+      class_attribute :create_unlogged_tables, default: false
 
       NATIVE_DATABASE_TYPES = {
         primary_key: "bigserial primary key",
@@ -167,7 +185,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       end
 
       def supports_json?
-        postgresql_version >= 90200
+        true
       end
 
       def supports_comments?
@@ -220,15 +238,11 @@ module ActiveRecord
         @local_tz = nil
         @max_identifier_length = nil
 
-        connect
+        configure_connection
         add_pg_encoders
         @statements = StatementPool.new @connection,
                                         self.class.type_cast_config_to_integer(config[:statement_limit])
 
-        if postgresql_version < 90100
-          raise "Your version of PostgreSQL (#{postgresql_version}) is too old. Active Record supports PostgreSQL >= 9.1."
-        end
-
         add_pg_decoders
 
         @type_map = Type::HashLookupTypeMap.new
@@ -318,22 +332,26 @@ module ActiveRecord
       end
 
       def supports_ranges?
-        # Range datatypes weren't introduced until PostgreSQL 9.2
-        postgresql_version >= 90200
+        true
       end
+      deprecate :supports_ranges?
 
       def supports_materialized_views?
-        postgresql_version >= 90300
+        true
       end
 
       def supports_foreign_tables?
-        postgresql_version >= 90300
+        true
       end
 
       def supports_pgcrypto_uuid?
         postgresql_version >= 90400
       end
 
+      def supports_lazy_transactions?
+        true
+      end
+
       def get_advisory_lock(lock_id) # :nodoc:
         unless lock_id.is_a?(Integer) && lock_id.bit_length <= 63
           raise(ArgumentError, "PostgreSQL requires advisory lock ids to be a signed 64 bit integer")
@@ -406,6 +424,12 @@ module ActiveRecord
       end
 
       private
+        def check_version
+          if postgresql_version < 90300
+            raise "Your version of PostgreSQL (#{postgresql_version}) is too old. Active Record supports PostgreSQL >= 9.3."
+          end
+        end
+
         # See https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/errcodes-appendix.html
         VALUE_LIMIT_VIOLATION = "22001"
         NUMERIC_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE = "22003"
@@ -417,34 +441,34 @@ module ActiveRecord
         LOCK_NOT_AVAILABLE    = "55P03"
         QUERY_CANCELED        = "57014"
 
-        def translate_exception(exception, message)
+        def translate_exception(exception, message:, sql:, binds:)
           return exception unless exception.respond_to?(:result)
 
           case exception.result.try(:error_field, PG::PG_DIAG_SQLSTATE)
           when UNIQUE_VIOLATION
-            RecordNotUnique.new(message)
+            RecordNotUnique.new(message, sql: sql, binds: binds)
           when FOREIGN_KEY_VIOLATION
-            InvalidForeignKey.new(message)
+            InvalidForeignKey.new(message, sql: sql, binds: binds)
           when VALUE_LIMIT_VIOLATION
-            ValueTooLong.new(message)
+            ValueTooLong.new(message, sql: sql, binds: binds)
           when NUMERIC_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE
-            RangeError.new(message)
+            RangeError.new(message, sql: sql, binds: binds)
           when NOT_NULL_VIOLATION
-            NotNullViolation.new(message)
+            NotNullViolation.new(message, sql: sql, binds: binds)
           when SERIALIZATION_FAILURE
-            SerializationFailure.new(message)
+            SerializationFailure.new(message, sql: sql, binds: binds)
           when DEADLOCK_DETECTED
-            Deadlocked.new(message)
+            Deadlocked.new(message, sql: sql, binds: binds)
           when LOCK_NOT_AVAILABLE
-            LockWaitTimeout.new(message)
+            LockWaitTimeout.new(message, sql: sql, binds: binds)
           when QUERY_CANCELED
-            QueryCanceled.new(message)
+            QueryCanceled.new(message, sql: sql, binds: binds)
           else
             super
           end
         end
 
-        def get_oid_type(oid, fmod, column_name, sql_type = "".freeze)
+        def get_oid_type(oid, fmod, column_name, sql_type = "")
           if !type_map.key?(oid)
             load_additional_types([oid])
           end
@@ -533,13 +557,13 @@ module ActiveRecord
             # Quoted types
           when /\A[\(B]?'(.*)'.*::"?([\w. ]+)"?(?:\[\])?\z/m
             # The default 'now'::date is CURRENT_DATE
-            if $1 == "now".freeze && $2 == "date".freeze
+            if $1 == "now" && $2 == "date"
               nil
             else
-              $1.gsub("''".freeze, "'".freeze)
+              $1.gsub("''", "'")
             end
             # Boolean types
-          when "true".freeze, "false".freeze
+          when "true", "false"
             default
             # Numeric types
           when /\A\(?(-?\d+(\.\d*)?)\)?(::bigint)?\z/
@@ -565,18 +589,11 @@ module ActiveRecord
         def load_additional_types(oids = nil)
           initializer = OID::TypeMapInitializer.new(type_map)
 
-          if supports_ranges?
-            query = <<-SQL
-              SELECT t.oid, t.typname, t.typelem, t.typdelim, t.typinput, r.rngsubtype, t.typtype, t.typbasetype
-              FROM pg_type as t
-              LEFT JOIN pg_range as r ON oid = rngtypid
-            SQL
-          else
-            query = <<-SQL
-              SELECT t.oid, t.typname, t.typelem, t.typdelim, t.typinput, t.typtype, t.typbasetype
-              FROM pg_type as t
-            SQL
-          end
+          query = <<~SQL
+            SELECT t.oid, t.typname, t.typelem, t.typdelim, t.typinput, r.rngsubtype, t.typtype, t.typbasetype
+            FROM pg_type as t
+            LEFT JOIN pg_range as r ON oid = rngtypid
+          SQL
 
           if oids
             query += "WHERE t.oid::integer IN (%s)" % oids.join(", ")
@@ -592,6 +609,10 @@ module ActiveRecord
         FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED = "0A000" #:nodoc:
 
         def execute_and_clear(sql, name, binds, prepare: false)
+          if preventing_writes? && write_query?(sql)
+            raise ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyError, "Write query attempted while in readonly mode: #{sql}"
+          end
+
           if without_prepared_statement?(binds)
             result = exec_no_cache(sql, name, [])
           elsif !prepare
@@ -605,6 +626,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
 
         def exec_no_cache(sql, name, binds)
+          materialize_transactions
+
           type_casted_binds = type_casted_binds(binds)
           log(sql, name, binds, type_casted_binds) do
             ActiveSupport::Dependencies.interlock.permit_concurrent_loads do
@@ -614,7 +637,9 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
 
         def exec_cache(sql, name, binds)
-          stmt_key = prepare_statement(sql)
+          materialize_transactions
+
+          stmt_key = prepare_statement(sql, binds)
           type_casted_binds = type_casted_binds(binds)
 
           log(sql, name, binds, type_casted_binds, stmt_key) do
@@ -647,7 +672,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
         #
         # Check here for more details:
         # https://git.postgresql.org/gitweb/?p=postgresql.git;a=blob;f=src/backend/utils/cache/plancache.c#l573
-        CACHED_PLAN_HEURISTIC = "cached plan must not change result type".freeze
+        CACHED_PLAN_HEURISTIC = "cached plan must not change result type"
         def is_cached_plan_failure?(e)
           pgerror = e.cause
           code = pgerror.result.result_error_field(PG::PG_DIAG_SQLSTATE)
@@ -668,7 +693,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
         # Prepare the statement if it hasn't been prepared, return
         # the statement key.
-        def prepare_statement(sql)
+        def prepare_statement(sql, binds)
           @lock.synchronize do
             sql_key = sql_key(sql)
             unless @statements.key? sql_key
@@ -676,7 +701,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
               begin
                 @connection.prepare nextkey, sql
               rescue => e
-                raise translate_exception_class(e, sql)
+                raise translate_exception_class(e, sql, binds)
               end
               # Clear the queue
               @connection.get_last_result
@@ -691,12 +716,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
         def connect
           @connection = PG.connect(@connection_parameters)
           configure_connection
-        rescue ::PG::Error => error
-          if error.message.include?("does not exist")
-            raise ActiveRecord::NoDatabaseError
-          else
-            raise
-          end
         end
 
         # Configures the encoding, verbosity, schema search path, and time zone of the connection.
@@ -754,7 +773,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
         #  - format_type includes the column size constraint, e.g. varchar(50)
         #  - ::regclass is a function that gives the id for a table name
         def column_definitions(table_name)
-          query(<<-end_sql, "SCHEMA")
+          query(<<~SQL, "SCHEMA")
               SELECT a.attname, format_type(a.atttypid, a.atttypmod),
                      pg_get_expr(d.adbin, d.adrelid), a.attnotnull, a.atttypid, a.atttypmod,
                      c.collname, col_description(a.attrelid, a.attnum) AS comment
@@ -765,7 +784,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
                WHERE a.attrelid = #{quote(quote_table_name(table_name))}::regclass
                  AND a.attnum > 0 AND NOT a.attisdropped
                ORDER BY a.attnum
-          end_sql
+          SQL
         end
 
         def extract_table_ref_from_insert_sql(sql)
@@ -780,7 +799,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
         def can_perform_case_insensitive_comparison_for?(column)
           @case_insensitive_cache ||= {}
           @case_insensitive_cache[column.sql_type] ||= begin
-            sql = <<-end_sql
+            sql = <<~SQL
               SELECT exists(
                 SELECT * FROM pg_proc
                 WHERE proname = 'lower'
@@ -792,7 +811,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
                 WHERE proname = 'lower'
                   AND castsource = #{quote column.sql_type}::regtype
               )
-            end_sql
+            SQL
             execute_and_clear(sql, "SCHEMA", []) do |result|
               result.getvalue(0, 0)
             end
@@ -818,7 +837,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
             "bool" => PG::TextDecoder::Boolean,
           }
           known_coder_types = coders_by_name.keys.map { |n| quote(n) }
-          query = <<-SQL % known_coder_types.join(", ")
+          query = <<~SQL % known_coder_types.join(", ")
             SELECT t.oid, t.typname
             FROM pg_type as t
             WHERE t.typname IN (%s)