activerecord 5.2.4.4 → 6.0.0.beta1

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/schema_cache.rb

@@ -77,6 +77,11 @@ module ActiveRecord
         }]
       end
 
+      # Checks whether the columns hash is already cached for a table.
+      def columns_hash?(table_name)
+        @columns_hash.key?(table_name)
+      end
+
       # Clears out internal caches
       def clear!
         @columns.clear

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/quoting.rb

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
 
         def quote_column_name(name)
-          @quoted_column_names[name] ||= %Q("#{super.gsub('"', '""')}").freeze
+          @quoted_column_names[name] ||= %Q("#{super.gsub('"', '""')}")
         end
 
         def quoted_time(value)
@@ -30,19 +30,19 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
 
         def quoted_true
-          ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.represent_boolean_as_integer ? "1".freeze : "'t'".freeze
+          "1"
         end
 
         def unquoted_true
-          ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.represent_boolean_as_integer ? 1 : "t".freeze
+          1
         end
 
         def quoted_false
-          ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.represent_boolean_as_integer ? "0".freeze : "'f'".freeze
+          "0"
         end
 
         def unquoted_false
-          ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.represent_boolean_as_integer ? 0 : "f".freeze
+          0
         end
 
         private

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/schema_statements.rb

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
             # See https://www.sqlite.org/fileformat2.html#intschema
             next if row["name"].starts_with?("sqlite_")
 
-            index_sql = query_value(<<-SQL, "SCHEMA")
+            index_sql = query_value(<<~SQL, "SCHEMA")
               SELECT sql
               FROM sqlite_master
               WHERE name = #{quote(row['name'])} AND type = 'index'
@@ -21,19 +21,24 @@ module ActiveRecord
               WHERE name = #{quote(row['name'])} AND type = 'index'
             SQL
 
-            /\sWHERE\s+(?<where>.+)$/i =~ index_sql
+            /\bON\b\s*"?(\w+?)"?\s*\((?<expressions>.+?)\)(?:\s*WHERE\b\s*(?<where>.+))?\z/i =~ index_sql
 
             columns = exec_query("PRAGMA index_info(#{quote(row['name'])})", "SCHEMA").map do |col|
               col["name"]
             end
 
-            # Add info on sort order for columns (only desc order is explicitly specified, asc is
-            # the default)
             orders = {}
-            if index_sql # index_sql can be null in case of primary key indexes
-              index_sql.scan(/"(\w+)" DESC/).flatten.each { |order_column|
-                orders[order_column] = :desc
-              }
+
+            if columns.any?(&:nil?) # index created with an expression
+              columns = expressions
+            else
+              # Add info on sort order for columns (only desc order is explicitly specified,
+              # asc is the default)
+              if index_sql # index_sql can be null in case of primary key indexes
+                index_sql.scan(/"(\w+)" DESC/).flatten.each { |order_column|
+                  orders[order_column] = :desc
+                }
+              end
             end
 
             IndexDefinition.new(
@@ -81,7 +86,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
             scope = quoted_scope(name, type: type)
             scope[:type] ||= "'table','view'"
 
-            sql = "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE name <> 'sqlite_sequence'".dup
+            sql = +"SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE name <> 'sqlite_sequence'"
             sql << " AND name = #{scope[:name]}" if scope[:name]
             sql << " AND type IN (#{scope[:type]})"
             sql

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3_adapter.rb

@@ -9,12 +9,14 @@ require "active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/schema_definitions"
 require "active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/schema_dumper"
 require "active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/schema_statements"
 
-gem "sqlite3", "~> 1.3", ">= 1.3.6"
+gem "sqlite3", "~> 1.3.6"
 require "sqlite3"
 
 module ActiveRecord
   module ConnectionHandling # :nodoc:
     def sqlite3_connection(config)
+      config = config.symbolize_keys
+
       # Require database.
       unless config[:database]
         raise ArgumentError, "No database file specified. Missing argument: database"
@@ -31,7 +33,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
       db = SQLite3::Database.new(
         config[:database].to_s,
-        results_as_hash: true
+        config.merge(results_as_hash: true)
       )
 
       db.busy_timeout(ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.type_cast_config_to_integer(config[:timeout])) if config[:timeout]
@@ -54,7 +56,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
     #
     # * <tt>:database</tt> - Path to the database file.
     class SQLite3Adapter < AbstractAdapter
-      ADAPTER_NAME = "SQLite".freeze
+      ADAPTER_NAME = "SQLite"
 
       include SQLite3::Quoting
       include SQLite3::SchemaStatements
@@ -74,27 +76,20 @@ module ActiveRecord
         json:         { name: "json" },
       }
 
-      ##
-      # :singleton-method:
-      # Indicates whether boolean values are stored in sqlite3 databases as 1
-      # and 0 or 't' and 'f'. Leaving <tt>ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.represent_boolean_as_integer</tt>
-      # set to false is deprecated. SQLite databases have used 't' and 'f' to
-      # serialize boolean values and must have old data converted to 1 and 0
-      # (its native boolean serialization) before setting this flag to true.
-      # Conversion can be accomplished by setting up a rake task which runs
-      #
-      #   ExampleModel.where("boolean_column = 't'").update_all(boolean_column: 1)
-      #   ExampleModel.where("boolean_column = 'f'").update_all(boolean_column: 0)
-      # for all models and all boolean columns, after which the flag must be set
-      # to true by adding the following to your <tt>application.rb</tt> file:
-      #
-      #   Rails.application.config.active_record.sqlite3.represent_boolean_as_integer = true
-      class_attribute :represent_boolean_as_integer, default: false
+      def self.represent_boolean_as_integer=(value) # :nodoc:
+        if value == false
+          raise "`.represent_boolean_as_integer=` is now always true, so make sure your application can work with it and remove this settings."
+        end
+
+        ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(
+          "`.represent_boolean_as_integer=` is now always true, so setting this is deprecated and will be removed in Rails 6.1."
+        )
+      end
 
       class StatementPool < ConnectionAdapters::StatementPool # :nodoc:
         private
           def dealloc(stmt)
-            stmt[:stmt].close unless stmt[:stmt].closed?
+            stmt.close unless stmt.closed?
           end
       end
 
@@ -103,7 +98,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
         @active     = true
         @statements = StatementPool.new(self.class.type_cast_config_to_integer(config[:statement_limit]))
-
         configure_connection
       end
 
@@ -116,7 +110,11 @@ module ActiveRecord
       end
 
       def supports_partial_index?
-        sqlite_version >= "3.8.0"
+        true
+      end
+
+      def supports_expression_index?
+        sqlite_version >= "3.9.0"
       end
 
       def requires_reloading?
@@ -124,7 +122,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       end
 
       def supports_foreign_keys_in_create?
-        sqlite_version >= "3.6.19"
+        true
       end
 
       def supports_views?
@@ -139,10 +137,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
         true
       end
 
-      def supports_multi_insert?
-        sqlite_version >= "3.7.11"
-      end
-
       def active?
         @active
       end
@@ -184,16 +178,23 @@ module ActiveRecord
         true
       end
 
+      def supports_lazy_transactions?
+        true
+      end
+
       # REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY ====================================
 
       def disable_referential_integrity # :nodoc:
-        old = query_value("PRAGMA foreign_keys")
+        old_foreign_keys = query_value("PRAGMA foreign_keys")
+        old_defer_foreign_keys = query_value("PRAGMA defer_foreign_keys")
 
         begin
+          execute("PRAGMA defer_foreign_keys = ON")
           execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = OFF")
           yield
         ensure
-          execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = #{old}")
+          execute("PRAGMA defer_foreign_keys = #{old_defer_foreign_keys}")
+          execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = #{old_foreign_keys}")
         end
       end
 
@@ -201,12 +202,25 @@ module ActiveRecord
       # DATABASE STATEMENTS ======================================
       #++
 
+      READ_QUERY = ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractAdapter.build_read_query_regexp(:begin, :commit, :explain, :select, :pragma, :release, :savepoint, :rollback) # :nodoc:
+      private_constant :READ_QUERY
+
+      def write_query?(sql) # :nodoc:
+        !READ_QUERY.match?(sql)
+      end
+
       def explain(arel, binds = [])
         sql = "EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN #{to_sql(arel, binds)}"
         SQLite3::ExplainPrettyPrinter.new.pp(exec_query(sql, "EXPLAIN", []))
       end
 
       def exec_query(sql, name = nil, binds = [], prepare: false)
+        if preventing_writes? && write_query?(sql)
+          raise ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyError, "Write query attempted while in readonly mode: #{sql}"
+        end
+
+        materialize_transactions
+
         type_casted_binds = type_casted_binds(binds)
 
         log(sql, name, binds, type_casted_binds) do
@@ -224,11 +238,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
                 stmt.close
               end
             else
-              cache = @statements[sql] ||= {
-                stmt: @connection.prepare(sql)
-              }
-              stmt = cache[:stmt]
-              cols = cache[:cols] ||= stmt.columns
+              stmt = @statements[sql] ||= @connection.prepare(sql)
+              cols = stmt.columns
               stmt.reset!
               stmt.bind_params(type_casted_binds)
               records = stmt.to_a
@@ -250,6 +261,12 @@ module ActiveRecord
       end
 
       def execute(sql, name = nil) #:nodoc:
+        if preventing_writes? && write_query?(sql)
+          raise ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyError, "Write query attempted while in readonly mode: #{sql}"
+        end
+
+        materialize_transactions
+
         log(sql, name) do
           ActiveSupport::Dependencies.interlock.permit_concurrent_loads do
             @connection.execute(sql)
@@ -290,11 +307,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
         rename_table_indexes(table_name, new_name)
       end
 
-      def valid_alter_table_type?(type, options = {})
-        !invalid_alter_table_type?(type, options)
-      end
-      deprecate :valid_alter_table_type?
-
       def add_column(table_name, column_name, type, options = {}) #:nodoc:
         if invalid_alter_table_type?(type, options)
           alter_table(table_name) do |definition|
@@ -366,14 +378,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
       end
 
-      def insert_fixtures(rows, table_name)
-        ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(<<-MSG.squish)
-          `insert_fixtures` is deprecated and will be removed in the next version of Rails.
-          Consider using `insert_fixtures_set` for performance improvement.
-        MSG
-        insert_fixtures_set(table_name => rows)
-      end
-
       def insert_fixtures_set(fixture_set, tables_to_delete = [])
         disable_referential_integrity do
           transaction(requires_new: true) do
@@ -387,6 +391,18 @@ module ActiveRecord
       end
 
       private
+        # See https://www.sqlite.org/limits.html,
+        # the default value is 999 when not configured.
+        def bind_params_length
+          999
+        end
+
+        def check_version
+          if sqlite_version < "3.8.0"
+            raise "Your version of SQLite (#{sqlite_version}) is too old. Active Record supports SQLite >= 3.8."
+          end
+        end
+
         def initialize_type_map(m = type_map)
           super
           register_class_with_limit m, %r(int)i, SQLite3Integer
@@ -407,12 +423,25 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
         def alter_table(table_name, options = {})
           altered_table_name = "a#{table_name}"
-          caller = lambda { |definition| yield definition if block_given? }
+          foreign_keys = foreign_keys(table_name)
+
+          caller = lambda do |definition|
+            rename = options[:rename] || {}
+            foreign_keys.each do |fk|
+              if column = rename[fk.options[:column]]
+                fk.options[:column] = column
+              end
+              definition.foreign_key(fk.to_table, fk.options)
+            end
+
+            yield definition if block_given?
+          end
 
           transaction do
-            move_table(table_name, altered_table_name,
-              options.merge(temporary: true))
-            move_table(altered_table_name, table_name, &caller)
+            disable_referential_integrity do
+              move_table(table_name, altered_table_name, options.merge(temporary: true))
+              move_table(altered_table_name, table_name, &caller)
+            end
           end
         end
 
@@ -442,6 +471,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
                 primary_key: column_name == from_primary_key
               )
             end
+
             yield @definition if block_given?
           end
           copy_table_indexes(from, to, options[:rename] || {})
@@ -459,9 +489,12 @@ module ActiveRecord
               name = name[1..-1]
             end
 
-            to_column_names = columns(to).map(&:name)
-            columns = index.columns.map { |c| rename[c] || c }.select do |column|
-              to_column_names.include?(column)
+            columns = index.columns
+            if columns.is_a?(Array)
+              to_column_names = columns(to).map(&:name)
+              columns = columns.map { |c| rename[c] || c }.select do |column|
+                to_column_names.include?(column)
+              end
             end
 
             unless columns.empty?
@@ -491,18 +524,18 @@ module ActiveRecord
           @sqlite_version ||= SQLite3Adapter::Version.new(query_value("SELECT sqlite_version(*)"))
         end
 
-        def translate_exception(exception, message)
+        def translate_exception(exception, message:, sql:, binds:)
           case exception.message
           # SQLite 3.8.2 returns a newly formatted error message:
           #   UNIQUE constraint failed: *table_name*.*column_name*
           # Older versions of SQLite return:
           #   column *column_name* is not unique
           when /column(s)? .* (is|are) not unique/, /UNIQUE constraint failed: .*/
-            RecordNotUnique.new(message)
+            RecordNotUnique.new(message, sql: sql, binds: binds)
           when /.* may not be NULL/, /NOT NULL constraint failed: .*/
-            NotNullViolation.new(message)
+            NotNullViolation.new(message, sql: sql, binds: binds)
           when /FOREIGN KEY constraint failed/i
-            InvalidForeignKey.new(message)
+            InvalidForeignKey.new(message, sql: sql, binds: binds)
           else
             super
           end
@@ -512,7 +545,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
         def table_structure_with_collation(table_name, basic_structure)
           collation_hash = {}
-          sql = <<-SQL
+          sql = <<~SQL
             SELECT sql FROM
               (SELECT * FROM sqlite_master UNION ALL
                SELECT * FROM sqlite_temp_master)
@@ -525,9 +558,9 @@ module ActiveRecord
           result = exec_query(sql, "SCHEMA").first
 
           if result
-            # Splitting with left parentheses and discarding the first part will return all
+            # Splitting with left parentheses and picking up last will return all
             # columns separated with comma(,).
-            columns_string = result["sql"].split("(", 2).last
+            columns_string = result["sql"].split("(").last
 
             columns_string.split(",").each do |column_string|
               # This regex will match the column name and collation type and will save
@@ -545,7 +578,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
               column
             end
           else
-            basic_structure.to_hash
+            basic_structure.to_a
           end
         end
 

data/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb

@@ -46,41 +46,138 @@ module ActiveRecord
     #
     # The exceptions AdapterNotSpecified, AdapterNotFound and +ArgumentError+
     # may be returned on an error.
-    def establish_connection(config = nil)
-      raise "Anonymous class is not allowed." unless name
+    def establish_connection(config_or_env = nil)
+      config_hash = resolve_config_for_connection(config_or_env)
+      connection_handler.establish_connection(config_hash)
+    end
 
-      config ||= DEFAULT_ENV.call.to_sym
-      spec_name = self == Base ? "primary" : name
-      self.connection_specification_name = spec_name
+    # Connects a model to the databases specified. The +database+ keyword
+    # takes a hash consisting of a +role+ and a +database_key+.
+    #
+    # This will create a connection handler for switching between connections,
+    # look up the config hash using the +database_key+ and finally
+    # establishes a connection to that config.
+    #
+    #   class AnimalsModel < ApplicationRecord
+    #     self.abstract_class = true
+    #
+    #     connects_to database: { writing: :primary, reading: :primary_replica }
+    #   end
+    #
+    # Returns an array of established connections.
+    def connects_to(database: {})
+      connections = []
 
-      resolver = ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionSpecification::Resolver.new(Base.configurations)
-      spec = resolver.resolve(config).symbolize_keys
-      spec[:name] = spec_name
+      database.each do |role, database_key|
+        config_hash = resolve_config_for_connection(database_key)
+        handler = lookup_connection_handler(role.to_sym)
+
+        connections << handler.establish_connection(config_hash)
+      end
 
-      connection_handler.establish_connection(spec)
+      connections
     end
 
-    class MergeAndResolveDefaultUrlConfig # :nodoc:
-      def initialize(raw_configurations)
-        @raw_config = raw_configurations.dup
-        @env = DEFAULT_ENV.call.to_s
+    # Connects to a database or role (ex writing, reading, or another
+    # custom role) for the duration of the block.
+    #
+    # If a role is passed, Active Record will look up the connection
+    # based on the requested role:
+    #
+    #   ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :writing) do
+    #     Dog.create! # creates dog using dog connection
+    #   end
+    #
+    #   ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :reading) do
+    #     Dog.create! # throws exception because we're on a replica
+    #   end
+    #
+    #   ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :unknown_ode) do
+    #     # raises exception due to non-existent role
+    #   end
+    #
+    # For cases where you may want to connect to a database outside of the model,
+    # you can use +connected_to+ with a +database+ argument. The +database+ argument
+    # expects a symbol that corresponds to the database key in your config.
+    #
+    # This will connect to a new database for the queries inside the block.
+    #
+    #   ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(database: :animals_slow_replica) do
+    #     Dog.run_a_long_query # runs a long query while connected to the +animals_slow_replica+
+    #   end
+    def connected_to(database: nil, role: nil, &blk)
+      if database && role
+        raise ArgumentError, "connected_to can only accept a `database` or a `role` argument, but not both arguments."
+      elsif database
+        if database.is_a?(Hash)
+          role, database = database.first
+          role = role.to_sym
+        else
+          role = database.to_sym
+        end
+
+        config_hash = resolve_config_for_connection(database)
+        handler = lookup_connection_handler(role)
+
+        with_handler(role) do
+          handler.establish_connection(config_hash)
+          yield
+        end
+      elsif role
+        with_handler(role.to_sym, &blk)
+      else
+        raise ArgumentError, "must provide a `database` or a `role`."
       end
+    end
 
-      # Returns fully resolved connection hashes.
-      # Merges connection information from `ENV['DATABASE_URL']` if available.
-      def resolve
-        ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionSpecification::Resolver.new(config).resolve_all
+    # Returns true if role is the current connected role.
+    #
+    #   ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :writing) do
+    #     ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to?(role: :writing) #=> true
+    #     ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to?(role: :reading) #=> false
+    #   end
+    def connected_to?(role:)
+      current_role == role.to_sym
+    end
+
+    # Returns the symbol representing the current connected role.
+    #
+    #   ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :writing) do
+    #     ActiveRecord::Base.current_role #=> :writing
+    #   end
+    #
+    #   ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :reading) do
+    #     ActiveRecord::Base.current_role #=> :reading
+    #   end
+    def current_role
+      connection_handlers.key(connection_handler)
+    end
+
+    def lookup_connection_handler(handler_key) # :nodoc:
+      connection_handlers[handler_key] ||= ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionHandler.new
+    end
+
+    def with_handler(handler_key, &blk) # :nodoc:
+      unless ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handlers.keys.include?(handler_key)
+        raise ArgumentError, "The #{handler_key} role does not exist. Add it by establishing a connection with `connects_to` or use an existing role (#{ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handlers.keys.join(", ")})."
       end
 
-      private
-        def config
-          @raw_config.dup.tap do |cfg|
-            if url = ENV["DATABASE_URL"]
-              cfg[@env] ||= {}
-              cfg[@env]["url"] ||= url
-            end
-          end
-        end
+      handler = lookup_connection_handler(handler_key)
+      swap_connection_handler(handler, &blk)
+    end
+
+    def resolve_config_for_connection(config_or_env) # :nodoc:
+      raise "Anonymous class is not allowed." unless name
+
+      config_or_env ||= DEFAULT_ENV.call.to_sym
+      pool_name = self == Base ? "primary" : name
+      self.connection_specification_name = pool_name
+
+      resolver = ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionSpecification::Resolver.new(Base.configurations)
+      config_hash = resolver.resolve(config_or_env, pool_name).symbolize_keys
+      config_hash[:name] = pool_name
+
+      config_hash
     end
 
     # Returns the connection currently associated with the class. This can
@@ -141,5 +238,14 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
     delegate :clear_active_connections!, :clear_reloadable_connections!,
       :clear_all_connections!, :flush_idle_connections!, to: :connection_handler
+
+    private
+
+      def swap_connection_handler(handler, &blk) # :nodoc:
+        old_handler, ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handler = ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handler, handler
+        yield
+      ensure
+        ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handler = old_handler
+      end
   end
 end