activerecord 5.2.1.1 → 6.0.1

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/schema_cache.rb

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
         @columns_hash = {}
         @primary_keys = {}
         @data_sources = {}
+        @indexes      = {}
       end
 
       def initialize_dup(other)
@@ -21,22 +22,27 @@ module ActiveRecord
         @columns_hash = @columns_hash.dup
         @primary_keys = @primary_keys.dup
         @data_sources = @data_sources.dup
+        @indexes      = @indexes.dup
       end
 
       def encode_with(coder)
-        coder["columns"] = @columns
-        coder["columns_hash"] = @columns_hash
-        coder["primary_keys"] = @primary_keys
-        coder["data_sources"] = @data_sources
-        coder["version"] = connection.migration_context.current_version
+        coder["columns"]          = @columns
+        coder["columns_hash"]     = @columns_hash
+        coder["primary_keys"]     = @primary_keys
+        coder["data_sources"]     = @data_sources
+        coder["indexes"]          = @indexes
+        coder["version"]          = connection.migration_context.current_version
+        coder["database_version"] = database_version
       end
 
       def init_with(coder)
-        @columns = coder["columns"]
-        @columns_hash = coder["columns_hash"]
-        @primary_keys = coder["primary_keys"]
-        @data_sources = coder["data_sources"]
-        @version = coder["version"]
+        @columns          = coder["columns"]
+        @columns_hash     = coder["columns_hash"]
+        @primary_keys     = coder["primary_keys"]
+        @data_sources     = coder["data_sources"]
+        @indexes          = coder["indexes"] || {}
+        @version          = coder["version"]
+        @database_version = coder["database_version"]
       end
 
       def primary_keys(table_name)
@@ -57,6 +63,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
           primary_keys(table_name)
           columns(table_name)
           columns_hash(table_name)
+          indexes(table_name)
         end
       end
 
@@ -77,17 +84,32 @@ module ActiveRecord
         }]
       end
 
+      # Checks whether the columns hash is already cached for a table.
+      def columns_hash?(table_name)
+        @columns_hash.key?(table_name)
+      end
+
+      def indexes(table_name)
+        @indexes[table_name] ||= connection.indexes(table_name)
+      end
+
+      def database_version # :nodoc:
+        @database_version ||= connection.get_database_version
+      end
+
       # Clears out internal caches
       def clear!
         @columns.clear
         @columns_hash.clear
         @primary_keys.clear
         @data_sources.clear
+        @indexes.clear
         @version = nil
+        @database_version = nil
       end
 
       def size
-        [@columns, @columns_hash, @primary_keys, @data_sources].map(&:size).inject :+
+        [@columns, @columns_hash, @primary_keys, @data_sources].sum(&:size)
       end
 
       # Clear out internal caches for the data source +name+.
@@ -96,20 +118,21 @@ module ActiveRecord
         @columns_hash.delete name
         @primary_keys.delete name
         @data_sources.delete name
+        @indexes.delete name
       end
 
       def marshal_dump
         # if we get current version during initialization, it happens stack over flow.
         @version = connection.migration_context.current_version
-        [@version, @columns, @columns_hash, @primary_keys, @data_sources]
+        [@version, @columns, @columns_hash, @primary_keys, @data_sources, @indexes, database_version]
       end
 
       def marshal_load(array)
-        @version, @columns, @columns_hash, @primary_keys, @data_sources = array
+        @version, @columns, @columns_hash, @primary_keys, @data_sources, @indexes, @database_version = array
+        @indexes = @indexes || {}
       end
 
       private
-
         def prepare_data_sources
           connection.data_sources.each { |source| @data_sources[source] = true }
         end

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sql_type_metadata.rb

@@ -16,19 +16,22 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
       def ==(other)
         other.is_a?(SqlTypeMetadata) &&
-          attributes_for_hash == other.attributes_for_hash
+          sql_type == other.sql_type &&
+          type == other.type &&
+          limit == other.limit &&
+          precision == other.precision &&
+          scale == other.scale
       end
       alias eql? ==
 
       def hash
-        attributes_for_hash.hash
+        SqlTypeMetadata.hash ^
+          sql_type.hash ^
+          type.hash ^
+          limit.hash ^
+          precision.hash >> 1 ^
+          scale.hash >> 2
       end
-
-      protected
-
-        def attributes_for_hash
-          [self.class, sql_type, type, limit, precision, scale]
-        end
     end
   end
 end

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/database_statements.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  module ConnectionAdapters
+    module SQLite3
+      module DatabaseStatements
+        READ_QUERY = ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractAdapter.build_read_query_regexp(
+          :begin, :commit, :explain, :select, :pragma, :release, :savepoint, :rollback, :with
+        ) # :nodoc:
+        private_constant :READ_QUERY
+
+        def write_query?(sql) # :nodoc:
+          !READ_QUERY.match?(sql)
+        end
+
+        def execute(sql, name = nil) #:nodoc:
+          if preventing_writes? && write_query?(sql)
+            raise ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyError, "Write query attempted while in readonly mode: #{sql}"
+          end
+
+          materialize_transactions
+
+          log(sql, name) do
+            ActiveSupport::Dependencies.interlock.permit_concurrent_loads do
+              @connection.execute(sql)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        def exec_query(sql, name = nil, binds = [], prepare: false)
+          if preventing_writes? && write_query?(sql)
+            raise ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyError, "Write query attempted while in readonly mode: #{sql}"
+          end
+
+          materialize_transactions
+
+          type_casted_binds = type_casted_binds(binds)
+
+          log(sql, name, binds, type_casted_binds) do
+            ActiveSupport::Dependencies.interlock.permit_concurrent_loads do
+              # Don't cache statements if they are not prepared
+              unless prepare
+                stmt = @connection.prepare(sql)
+                begin
+                  cols = stmt.columns
+                  unless without_prepared_statement?(binds)
+                    stmt.bind_params(type_casted_binds)
+                  end
+                  records = stmt.to_a
+                ensure
+                  stmt.close
+                end
+              else
+                stmt = @statements[sql] ||= @connection.prepare(sql)
+                cols = stmt.columns
+                stmt.reset!
+                stmt.bind_params(type_casted_binds)
+                records = stmt.to_a
+              end
+
+              ActiveRecord::Result.new(cols, records)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        def exec_delete(sql, name = "SQL", binds = [])
+          exec_query(sql, name, binds)
+          @connection.changes
+        end
+        alias :exec_update :exec_delete
+
+        def begin_db_transaction #:nodoc:
+          log("begin transaction", nil) { @connection.transaction }
+        end
+
+        def commit_db_transaction #:nodoc:
+          log("commit transaction", nil) { @connection.commit }
+        end
+
+        def exec_rollback_db_transaction #:nodoc:
+          log("rollback transaction", nil) { @connection.rollback }
+        end
+
+
+        private
+          def execute_batch(sql, name = nil)
+            if preventing_writes? && write_query?(sql)
+              raise ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyError, "Write query attempted while in readonly mode: #{sql}"
+            end
+
+            materialize_transactions
+
+            log(sql, name) do
+              ActiveSupport::Dependencies.interlock.permit_concurrent_loads do
+                @connection.execute_batch2(sql)
+              end
+            end
+          end
+
+          def last_inserted_id(result)
+            @connection.last_insert_row_id
+          end
+
+          def build_fixture_statements(fixture_set)
+            fixture_set.flat_map do |table_name, fixtures|
+              next if fixtures.empty?
+              fixtures.map { |fixture| build_fixture_sql([fixture], table_name) }
+            end.compact
+          end
+
+          def build_truncate_statements(*table_names)
+            truncate_tables = table_names.map do |table_name|
+              "DELETE FROM #{quote_table_name(table_name)}"
+            end
+            combine_multi_statements(truncate_tables)
+          end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/quoting.rb

@@ -12,8 +12,12 @@ module ActiveRecord
           quote_column_name(attr)
         end
 
+        def quote_table_name(name)
+          self.class.quoted_table_names[name] ||= super.gsub(".", "\".\"").freeze
+        end
+
         def quote_column_name(name)
-          @quoted_column_names[name] ||= %Q("#{super.gsub('"', '""')}").freeze
+          self.class.quoted_column_names[name] ||= %Q("#{super.gsub('"', '""')}")
         end
 
         def quoted_time(value)
@@ -26,21 +30,57 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
 
         def quoted_true
-          ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.represent_boolean_as_integer ? "1".freeze : "'t'".freeze
+          "1"
         end
 
         def unquoted_true
-          ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.represent_boolean_as_integer ? 1 : "t".freeze
+          1
         end
 
         def quoted_false
-          ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.represent_boolean_as_integer ? "0".freeze : "'f'".freeze
+          "0"
         end
 
         def unquoted_false
-          ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.represent_boolean_as_integer ? 0 : "f".freeze
+          0
         end
 
+        def column_name_matcher
+          COLUMN_NAME
+        end
+
+        def column_name_with_order_matcher
+          COLUMN_NAME_WITH_ORDER
+        end
+
+        COLUMN_NAME = /
+          \A
+          (
+            (?:
+              # "table_name"."column_name" | function(one or no argument)
+              ((?:\w+\.|"\w+"\.)?(?:\w+|"\w+")) | \w+\((?:|\g<2>)\)
+            )
+            (?:\s+AS\s+(?:\w+|"\w+"))?
+          )
+          (?:\s*,\s*\g<1>)*
+          \z
+        /ix
+
+        COLUMN_NAME_WITH_ORDER = /
+          \A
+          (
+            (?:
+              # "table_name"."column_name" | function(one or no argument)
+              ((?:\w+\.|"\w+"\.)?(?:\w+|"\w+")) | \w+\((?:|\g<2>)\)
+            )
+            (?:\s+ASC|\s+DESC)?
+          )
+          (?:\s*,\s*\g<1>)*
+          \z
+        /ix
+
+        private_constant :COLUMN_NAME, :COLUMN_NAME_WITH_ORDER
+
         private
 
           def _type_cast(value)

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/schema_statements.rb

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
             # See https://www.sqlite.org/fileformat2.html#intschema
             next if row["name"].starts_with?("sqlite_")
 
-            index_sql = query_value(<<-SQL, "SCHEMA")
+            index_sql = query_value(<<~SQL, "SCHEMA")
               SELECT sql
               FROM sqlite_master
               WHERE name = #{quote(row['name'])} AND type = 'index'
@@ -21,19 +21,24 @@ module ActiveRecord
               WHERE name = #{quote(row['name'])} AND type = 'index'
             SQL
 
-            /\sWHERE\s+(?<where>.+)$/i =~ index_sql
+            /\bON\b\s*"?(\w+?)"?\s*\((?<expressions>.+?)\)(?:\s*WHERE\b\s*(?<where>.+))?\z/i =~ index_sql
 
             columns = exec_query("PRAGMA index_info(#{quote(row['name'])})", "SCHEMA").map do |col|
               col["name"]
             end
 
-            # Add info on sort order for columns (only desc order is explicitly specified, asc is
-            # the default)
             orders = {}
-            if index_sql # index_sql can be null in case of primary key indexes
-              index_sql.scan(/"(\w+)" DESC/).flatten.each { |order_column|
-                orders[order_column] = :desc
-              }
+
+            if columns.any?(&:nil?) # index created with an expression
+              columns = expressions
+            else
+              # Add info on sort order for columns (only desc order is explicitly specified,
+              # asc is the default)
+              if index_sql # index_sql can be null in case of primary key indexes
+                index_sql.scan(/"(\w+)" DESC/).flatten.each { |order_column|
+                  orders[order_column] = :desc
+                }
+              end
             end
 
             IndexDefinition.new(
@@ -47,6 +52,32 @@ module ActiveRecord
           end.compact
         end
 
+        def add_foreign_key(from_table, to_table, **options)
+          alter_table(from_table) do |definition|
+            to_table = strip_table_name_prefix_and_suffix(to_table)
+            definition.foreign_key(to_table, options)
+          end
+        end
+
+        def remove_foreign_key(from_table, to_table = nil, **options)
+          to_table ||= options[:to_table]
+          options = options.except(:name, :to_table)
+          foreign_keys = foreign_keys(from_table)
+
+          fkey = foreign_keys.detect do |fk|
+            table = to_table || begin
+              table = options[:column].to_s.delete_suffix("_id")
+              Base.pluralize_table_names ? table.pluralize : table
+            end
+            table = strip_table_name_prefix_and_suffix(table)
+            fk_to_table = strip_table_name_prefix_and_suffix(fk.to_table)
+            fk_to_table == table && options.all? { |k, v| fk.options[k].to_s == v.to_s }
+          end || raise(ArgumentError, "Table '#{from_table}' has no foreign key for #{to_table || options}")
+
+          foreign_keys.delete(fkey)
+          alter_table(from_table, foreign_keys)
+        end
+
         def create_schema_dumper(options)
           SQLite3::SchemaDumper.create(self, options)
         end
@@ -57,7 +88,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
           end
 
           def create_table_definition(*args)
-            SQLite3::TableDefinition.new(*args)
+            SQLite3::TableDefinition.new(self, *args)
           end
 
           def new_column_from_field(table_name, field)
@@ -74,14 +105,14 @@ module ActiveRecord
               end
 
             type_metadata = fetch_type_metadata(field["type"])
-            Column.new(field["name"], default, type_metadata, field["notnull"].to_i == 0, table_name, nil, field["collation"])
+            Column.new(field["name"], default, type_metadata, field["notnull"].to_i == 0, collation: field["collation"])
           end
 
           def data_source_sql(name = nil, type: nil)
             scope = quoted_scope(name, type: type)
             scope[:type] ||= "'table','view'"
 
-            sql = "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE name <> 'sqlite_sequence'".dup
+            sql = +"SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE name <> 'sqlite_sequence'"
             sql << " AND name = #{scope[:name]}" if scope[:name]
             sql << " AND type IN (#{scope[:type]})"
             sql

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3_adapter.rb

@@ -4,17 +4,20 @@ require "active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter"
 require "active_record/connection_adapters/statement_pool"
 require "active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/explain_pretty_printer"
 require "active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/quoting"
+require "active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/database_statements"
 require "active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/schema_creation"
 require "active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/schema_definitions"
 require "active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/schema_dumper"
 require "active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/schema_statements"
 
-gem "sqlite3", "~> 1.3.6"
+gem "sqlite3", "~> 1.4"
 require "sqlite3"
 
 module ActiveRecord
   module ConnectionHandling # :nodoc:
     def sqlite3_connection(config)
+      config = config.symbolize_keys
+
       # Require database.
       unless config[:database]
         raise ArgumentError, "No database file specified. Missing argument: database"
@@ -31,11 +34,9 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
       db = SQLite3::Database.new(
         config[:database].to_s,
-        results_as_hash: true
+        config.merge(results_as_hash: true)
       )
 
-      db.busy_timeout(ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.type_cast_config_to_integer(config[:timeout])) if config[:timeout]
-
       ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.new(db, logger, nil, config)
     rescue Errno::ENOENT => error
       if error.message.include?("No such file or directory")
@@ -54,10 +55,11 @@ module ActiveRecord
     #
     # * <tt>:database</tt> - Path to the database file.
     class SQLite3Adapter < AbstractAdapter
-      ADAPTER_NAME = "SQLite".freeze
+      ADAPTER_NAME = "SQLite"
 
       include SQLite3::Quoting
       include SQLite3::SchemaStatements
+      include SQLite3::DatabaseStatements
 
       NATIVE_DATABASE_TYPES = {
         primary_key:  "integer PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL",
@@ -74,39 +76,38 @@ module ActiveRecord
         json:         { name: "json" },
       }
 
-      ##
-      # :singleton-method:
-      # Indicates whether boolean values are stored in sqlite3 databases as 1
-      # and 0 or 't' and 'f'. Leaving <tt>ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.represent_boolean_as_integer</tt>
-      # set to false is deprecated. SQLite databases have used 't' and 'f' to
-      # serialize boolean values and must have old data converted to 1 and 0
-      # (its native boolean serialization) before setting this flag to true.
-      # Conversion can be accomplished by setting up a rake task which runs
-      #
-      #   ExampleModel.where("boolean_column = 't'").update_all(boolean_column: 1)
-      #   ExampleModel.where("boolean_column = 'f'").update_all(boolean_column: 0)
-      # for all models and all boolean columns, after which the flag must be set
-      # to true by adding the following to your <tt>application.rb</tt> file:
-      #
-      #   Rails.application.config.active_record.sqlite3.represent_boolean_as_integer = true
-      class_attribute :represent_boolean_as_integer, default: false
+      def self.represent_boolean_as_integer=(value) # :nodoc:
+        if value == false
+          raise "`.represent_boolean_as_integer=` is now always true, so make sure your application can work with it and remove this settings."
+        end
+
+        ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(
+          "`.represent_boolean_as_integer=` is now always true, so setting this is deprecated and will be removed in Rails 6.1."
+        )
+      end
 
       class StatementPool < ConnectionAdapters::StatementPool # :nodoc:
         private
           def dealloc(stmt)
-            stmt[:stmt].close unless stmt[:stmt].closed?
+            stmt.close unless stmt.closed?
           end
       end
 
       def initialize(connection, logger, connection_options, config)
         super(connection, logger, config)
-
-        @active     = true
-        @statements = StatementPool.new(self.class.type_cast_config_to_integer(config[:statement_limit]))
-
         configure_connection
       end
 
+      def self.database_exists?(config)
+        config = config.symbolize_keys
+        if config[:database] == ":memory:"
+          return true
+        else
+          database_file = defined?(Rails.root) ? File.expand_path(config[:database], Rails.root) : config[:database]
+          File.exist?(database_file)
+        end
+      end
+
       def supports_ddl_transactions?
         true
       end
@@ -116,15 +117,19 @@ module ActiveRecord
       end
 
       def supports_partial_index?
-        sqlite_version >= "3.8.0"
+        true
+      end
+
+      def supports_expression_index?
+        database_version >= "3.9.0"
       end
 
       def requires_reloading?
         true
       end
 
-      def supports_foreign_keys_in_create?
-        sqlite_version >= "3.6.19"
+      def supports_foreign_keys?
+        true
       end
 
       def supports_views?
@@ -139,27 +144,33 @@ module ActiveRecord
         true
       end
 
-      def supports_multi_insert?
-        sqlite_version >= "3.7.11"
+      def supports_common_table_expressions?
+        database_version >= "3.8.3"
+      end
+
+      def supports_insert_on_conflict?
+        database_version >= "3.24.0"
       end
+      alias supports_insert_on_duplicate_skip? supports_insert_on_conflict?
+      alias supports_insert_on_duplicate_update? supports_insert_on_conflict?
+      alias supports_insert_conflict_target? supports_insert_on_conflict?
 
       def active?
-        @active
+        !@connection.closed?
+      end
+
+      def reconnect!
+        super
+        connect if @connection.closed?
       end
 
       # Disconnects from the database if already connected. Otherwise, this
       # method does nothing.
       def disconnect!
         super
-        @active = false
         @connection.close rescue nil
       end
 
-      # Clears the prepared statements cache.
-      def clear_cache!
-        @statements.clear
-      end
-
       def supports_index_sort_order?
         true
       end
@@ -184,91 +195,34 @@ module ActiveRecord
         true
       end
 
+      def supports_lazy_transactions?
+        true
+      end
+
       # REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY ====================================
 
       def disable_referential_integrity # :nodoc:
-        old = query_value("PRAGMA foreign_keys")
+        old_foreign_keys = query_value("PRAGMA foreign_keys")
+        old_defer_foreign_keys = query_value("PRAGMA defer_foreign_keys")
 
         begin
+          execute("PRAGMA defer_foreign_keys = ON")
           execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = OFF")
           yield
         ensure
-          execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = #{old}")
+          execute("PRAGMA defer_foreign_keys = #{old_defer_foreign_keys}")
+          execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = #{old_foreign_keys}")
         end
       end
 
       #--
       # DATABASE STATEMENTS ======================================
       #++
-
       def explain(arel, binds = [])
         sql = "EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN #{to_sql(arel, binds)}"
         SQLite3::ExplainPrettyPrinter.new.pp(exec_query(sql, "EXPLAIN", []))
       end
 
-      def exec_query(sql, name = nil, binds = [], prepare: false)
-        type_casted_binds = type_casted_binds(binds)
-
-        log(sql, name, binds, type_casted_binds) do
-          ActiveSupport::Dependencies.interlock.permit_concurrent_loads do
-            # Don't cache statements if they are not prepared
-            unless prepare
-              stmt = @connection.prepare(sql)
-              begin
-                cols = stmt.columns
-                unless without_prepared_statement?(binds)
-                  stmt.bind_params(type_casted_binds)
-                end
-                records = stmt.to_a
-              ensure
-                stmt.close
-              end
-            else
-              cache = @statements[sql] ||= {
-                stmt: @connection.prepare(sql)
-              }
-              stmt = cache[:stmt]
-              cols = cache[:cols] ||= stmt.columns
-              stmt.reset!
-              stmt.bind_params(type_casted_binds)
-              records = stmt.to_a
-            end
-
-            ActiveRecord::Result.new(cols, records)
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      def exec_delete(sql, name = "SQL", binds = [])
-        exec_query(sql, name, binds)
-        @connection.changes
-      end
-      alias :exec_update :exec_delete
-
-      def last_inserted_id(result)
-        @connection.last_insert_row_id
-      end
-
-      def execute(sql, name = nil) #:nodoc:
-        log(sql, name) do
-          ActiveSupport::Dependencies.interlock.permit_concurrent_loads do
-            @connection.execute(sql)
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      def begin_db_transaction #:nodoc:
-        log("begin transaction", nil) { @connection.transaction }
-      end
-
-      def commit_db_transaction #:nodoc:
-        log("commit transaction", nil) { @connection.commit }
-      end
-
-      def exec_rollback_db_transaction #:nodoc:
-        log("rollback transaction", nil) { @connection.rollback }
-      end
-
       # SCHEMA STATEMENTS ========================================
 
       def primary_keys(table_name) # :nodoc:
@@ -290,11 +244,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
         rename_table_indexes(table_name, new_name)
       end
 
-      def valid_alter_table_type?(type, options = {})
-        !invalid_alter_table_type?(type, options)
-      end
-      deprecate :valid_alter_table_type?
-
       def add_column(table_name, column_name, type, options = {}) #:nodoc:
         if invalid_alter_table_type?(type, options)
           alter_table(table_name) do |definition|
@@ -308,6 +257,9 @@ module ActiveRecord
       def remove_column(table_name, column_name, type = nil, options = {}) #:nodoc:
         alter_table(table_name) do |definition|
           definition.remove_column column_name
+          definition.foreign_keys.delete_if do |_, fk_options|
+            fk_options[:column] == column_name.to_s
+          end
         end
       end
 
@@ -366,27 +318,36 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
       end
 
-      def insert_fixtures(rows, table_name)
-        ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(<<-MSG.squish)
-          `insert_fixtures` is deprecated and will be removed in the next version of Rails.
-          Consider using `insert_fixtures_set` for performance improvement.
-        MSG
-        insert_fixtures_set(table_name => rows)
+      def build_insert_sql(insert) # :nodoc:
+        sql = +"INSERT #{insert.into} #{insert.values_list}"
+
+        if insert.skip_duplicates?
+          sql << " ON CONFLICT #{insert.conflict_target} DO NOTHING"
+        elsif insert.update_duplicates?
+          sql << " ON CONFLICT #{insert.conflict_target} DO UPDATE SET "
+          sql << insert.updatable_columns.map { |column| "#{column}=excluded.#{column}" }.join(",")
+        end
+
+        sql
       end
 
-      def insert_fixtures_set(fixture_set, tables_to_delete = [])
-        disable_referential_integrity do
-          transaction(requires_new: true) do
-            tables_to_delete.each { |table| delete "DELETE FROM #{quote_table_name(table)}", "Fixture Delete" }
+      def get_database_version # :nodoc:
+        SQLite3Adapter::Version.new(query_value("SELECT sqlite_version(*)"))
+      end
 
-            fixture_set.each do |table_name, rows|
-              rows.each { |row| insert_fixture(row, table_name) }
-            end
-          end
+      def check_version # :nodoc:
+        if database_version < "3.8.0"
+          raise "Your version of SQLite (#{database_version}) is too old. Active Record supports SQLite >= 3.8."
         end
       end
 
       private
+        # See https://www.sqlite.org/limits.html,
+        # the default value is 999 when not configured.
+        def bind_params_length
+          999
+        end
+
         def initialize_type_map(m = type_map)
           super
           register_class_with_limit m, %r(int)i, SQLite3Integer
@@ -405,14 +366,27 @@ module ActiveRecord
           type.to_sym == :primary_key || options[:primary_key]
         end
 
-        def alter_table(table_name, options = {})
+        def alter_table(table_name, foreign_keys = foreign_keys(table_name), **options)
           altered_table_name = "a#{table_name}"
-          caller = lambda { |definition| yield definition if block_given? }
+
+          caller = lambda do |definition|
+            rename = options[:rename] || {}
+            foreign_keys.each do |fk|
+              if column = rename[fk.options[:column]]
+                fk.options[:column] = column
+              end
+              to_table = strip_table_name_prefix_and_suffix(fk.to_table)
+              definition.foreign_key(to_table, fk.options)
+            end
+
+            yield definition if block_given?
+          end
 
           transaction do
-            move_table(table_name, altered_table_name,
-              options.merge(temporary: true))
-            move_table(altered_table_name, table_name, &caller)
+            disable_referential_integrity do
+              move_table(table_name, altered_table_name, options.merge(temporary: true))
+              move_table(altered_table_name, table_name, &caller)
+            end
           end
         end
 
@@ -442,6 +416,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
                 primary_key: column_name == from_primary_key
               )
             end
+
             yield @definition if block_given?
           end
           copy_table_indexes(from, to, options[:rename] || {})
@@ -459,9 +434,12 @@ module ActiveRecord
               name = name[1..-1]
             end
 
-            to_column_names = columns(to).map(&:name)
-            columns = index.columns.map { |c| rename[c] || c }.select do |column|
-              to_column_names.include?(column)
+            columns = index.columns
+            if columns.is_a?(Array)
+              to_column_names = columns(to).map(&:name)
+              columns = columns.map { |c| rename[c] || c }.select do |column|
+                to_column_names.include?(column)
+              end
             end
 
             unless columns.empty?
@@ -487,22 +465,18 @@ module ActiveRecord
                      SELECT #{quoted_from_columns} FROM #{quote_table_name(from)}")
         end
 
-        def sqlite_version
-          @sqlite_version ||= SQLite3Adapter::Version.new(query_value("SELECT sqlite_version(*)"))
-        end
-
-        def translate_exception(exception, message)
+        def translate_exception(exception, message:, sql:, binds:)
           case exception.message
           # SQLite 3.8.2 returns a newly formatted error message:
           #   UNIQUE constraint failed: *table_name*.*column_name*
           # Older versions of SQLite return:
           #   column *column_name* is not unique
           when /column(s)? .* (is|are) not unique/, /UNIQUE constraint failed: .*/
-            RecordNotUnique.new(message)
+            RecordNotUnique.new(message, sql: sql, binds: binds)
           when /.* may not be NULL/, /NOT NULL constraint failed: .*/
-            NotNullViolation.new(message)
+            NotNullViolation.new(message, sql: sql, binds: binds)
           when /FOREIGN KEY constraint failed/i
-            InvalidForeignKey.new(message)
+            InvalidForeignKey.new(message, sql: sql, binds: binds)
           else
             super
           end
@@ -512,7 +486,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
         def table_structure_with_collation(table_name, basic_structure)
           collation_hash = {}
-          sql = <<-SQL
+          sql = <<~SQL
             SELECT sql FROM
               (SELECT * FROM sqlite_master UNION ALL
                SELECT * FROM sqlite_temp_master)
@@ -525,9 +499,9 @@ module ActiveRecord
           result = exec_query(sql, "SCHEMA").first
 
           if result
-            # Splitting with left parentheses and picking up last will return all
+            # Splitting with left parentheses and discarding the first part will return all
             # columns separated with comma(,).
-            columns_string = result["sql"].split("(").last
+            columns_string = result["sql"].split("(", 2).last
 
             columns_string.split(",").each do |column_string|
               # This regex will match the column name and collation type and will save
@@ -545,7 +519,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
               column
             end
           else
-            basic_structure.to_hash
+            basic_structure.to_a
           end
         end
 
@@ -553,7 +527,21 @@ module ActiveRecord
           Arel::Visitors::SQLite.new(self)
         end
 
+        def build_statement_pool
+          StatementPool.new(self.class.type_cast_config_to_integer(@config[:statement_limit]))
+        end
+
+        def connect
+          @connection = ::SQLite3::Database.new(
+            @config[:database].to_s,
+            @config.merge(results_as_hash: true)
+          )
+          configure_connection
+        end
+
         def configure_connection
+          @connection.busy_timeout(self.class.type_cast_config_to_integer(@config[:timeout])) if @config[:timeout]
+
           execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON", "SCHEMA")
         end