activerecord 5.0.7.2 → 6.0.3.4

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data/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,2549 +1,1217 @@
-## Rails 5.0.7.2 (March 11, 2019) ##
+## Rails 6.0.3.4 (October 07, 2020) ##
 
 *   No changes.
 
 
-## Rails 5.0.7.1 (November 27, 2018) ##
+## Rails 6.0.3.3 (September 09, 2020) ##
 
 *   No changes.
 
 
-## Rails 5.0.7 (March 29, 2018) ##
+## Rails 6.0.3.2 (June 17, 2020) ##
 
-*   Apply time column precision on assignment.
+*   No changes.
 
-    PR #20317 changed the behavior of datetime columns so that when they
-    have a specified precision then on assignment the value is rounded to
-    that precision. This behavior is now applied to time columns as well.
 
-    Fixes #30301.
+## Rails 6.0.3.1 (May 18, 2020) ##
 
-    *Andrew White*
+*   No changes.
 
-*   Normalize time column values for SQLite database.
 
-    For legacy reasons, time columns in SQLite are stored as full datetimes
-    because until #24542 the quoting for time columns didn't remove the date
-    component. To ensure that values are consistent we now normalize the
-    date component to 2001-01-01 on reading and writing.
+## Rails 6.0.3 (May 06, 2020) ##
 
-    *Andrew White*
+*   Recommend applications don't use the `database` kwarg in `connected_to`
 
-*   Ensure that the date component is removed when quoting times.
+    The database kwarg in `connected_to` was meant to be used for one-off scripts but is often used in requests. This is really dangerous because it re-establishes a connection every time. It's deprecated in 6.1 and will be removed in 6.2 without replacement. This change soft deprecates it in 6.0 by removing documentation.
 
-    PR #24542 altered the quoting for time columns so that the date component
-    was removed however it only removed it when it was 2001-01-01. Now the
-    date component is removed irrespective of what the date is.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    *Andrew White*
+*   Fix support for PostgreSQL 11+ partitioned indexes.
 
-*   Query cache was unavailable when entering the `ActiveRecord::Base.cache` block
-    without being connected.
+    *Sebastián Palma*
 
-    *Tsukasa Oishi*
+*   Add support for beginless ranges, introduced in Ruby 2.7.
 
-*   Fix `bin/rails db:setup` and `bin/rails db:test:prepare` create  wrong
-    ar_internal_metadata's data for a test database.
+    *Josh Goodall*
 
-    Before:
-    ```
-    $ RAILS_ENV=test rails dbconsole
-    > SELECT * FROM ar_internal_metadata;
-    key|value|created_at|updated_at
-    environment|development|2017-09-11 23:14:10.815679|2017-09-11 23:14:10.815679
-    ```
+*   Fix insert_all with enum values
 
-    After:
-    ```
-    $ RAILS_ENV=test rails dbconsole
-    > SELECT * FROM ar_internal_metadata;
-    key|value|created_at|updated_at
-    environment|test|2017-09-11 23:14:10.815679|2017-09-11 23:14:10.815679
-    ```
+    Fixes #38716.
 
-    Fixes #26731.
+    *Joel Blum*
 
-    *bogdanvlviv*
+*   Regexp-escape table name for MS SQL
 
-*   Fix longer sequence name detection for serial columns.
+    Add `Regexp.escape` to one method in ActiveRecord, so that table names with regular expression characters in them work as expected. Since MS SQL Server uses "[" and "]" to quote table and column names, and those characters are regular expression characters, methods like `pluck` and `select` fail in certain cases when used with the MS SQL Server adapter.
 
-    Fixes #28332.
+    *Larry Reid*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Store advisory locks on their own named connection.
 
-*   Use `max_identifier_length` for `index_name_length` in PostgreSQL adapter.
+    Previously advisory locks were taken out against a connection when a migration started. This works fine in single database applications but doesn't work well when migrations need to open new connections which results in the lock getting dropped.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    In order to fix this we are storing the advisory lock on a new connection with the connection specification name `AdisoryLockBase`. The caveat is that we need to maintain at least 2 connections to a database while migrations are running in order to do this.
 
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-## Rails 5.0.6 (September 07, 2017) ##
+*   Ensure `:reading` connections always raise if a write is attempted.
 
-*   No changes.
+    Now Rails will raise an `ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyError` if any connection on the reading handler attempts to make a write. If your reading role needs to write you should name the role something other than `:reading`.
 
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-## Rails 5.0.6.rc1 (August 24, 2017) ##
+*   Enforce fresh ETag header after a collection's contents change by adding
+    ActiveRecord::Relation#cache_key_with_version. This method will be used by
+    ActionController::ConditionalGet to ensure that when collection cache versioning
+    is enabled, requests using ConditionalGet don't return the same ETag header
+    after a collection is modified. Fixes #38078.
 
-*   Ensure `sum` honors `distinct` on `has_many :through` associations
+    *Aaron Lipman*
 
-    Fixes #16791
+*   A database URL can now contain a querystring value that contains an equal sign. This is needed to support passing PostgresSQL `options`.
 
-    *Aaron Wortham
+     *Joshua Flanagan*
 
+*   Retain explicit selections on the base model after applying `includes` and `joins`.
 
-## Rails 5.0.5 (July 31, 2017) ##
+    Resolves #34889.
 
-*   No changes.
+    *Patrick Rebsch*
 
 
-## Rails 5.0.5.rc2 (July 25, 2017) ##
+## Rails 6.0.2.2 (March 19, 2020) ##
 
 *   No changes.
 
 
-## Rails 5.0.5.rc1 (July 19, 2017) ##
-
-*   `Relation#joins` is no longer affected by the target model's
-    `current_scope`, with the exception of `unscoped`.
-
-    Fixes #29338.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
+## Rails 6.0.2.1 (December 18, 2019) ##
 
+*   No changes.
 
-## Rails 5.0.4 (June 19, 2017) ##
 
-*   Restore previous behavior of collection proxies: their values can have
-    methods stubbed, and they respect extension modules applied by a default
-    scope.
+## Rails 6.0.2 (December 13, 2019) ##
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Share the same connection pool for primary and replica databases in the
+    transactional tests for the same database.
 
-*   Loading model schema from database is now thread-safe.
+    *Edouard Chin*
 
-    Fixes #28589.
+*   Fix the preloader when one record is fetched using `after_initialize`
+    but not the entire collection.
 
-    *Vikrant Chaudhary*, *David Abdemoulaie*
+    *Bradley Price*
 
+*   Fix collection callbacks not terminating when `:abort` is thrown.
 
-## Rails 5.0.3 (May 12, 2017) ##
+    *Edouard Chin*, *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Check whether `Rails.application` defined before calling it
+*   Correctly deprecate `where.not` working as NOR for relations.
 
-    In #27674 we changed the migration generator to generate migrations at the
-    path defined in `Rails.application.config.paths` however the code checked
-    for the presence of the `Rails` constant but not the `Rails.application`
-    method which caused problems when using Active Record and generators outside
-    of the context of a Rails application.
+    12a9664 deprecated where.not working as NOR, however
+    doing a relation query like `where.not(relation: { ... })`
+    wouldn't be properly deprecated and `where.not` would work as
+    NAND instead.
 
-    Fixes #28325.
+    *Edouard Chin*
 
-*   Fix `deserialize` with JSON array.
+*   Fix `db:migrate` task with multiple databases to restore the connection
+    to the previous database.
 
-    Fixes #28285.
+    The migrate task iterates and establish a connection over each db
+    resulting in the last one to be used by subsequent rake tasks.
+    We should reestablish a connection to the connection that was
+    established before the migrate tasks was run
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Edouard Chin*
 
-*   Fix `rake db:schema:load` with subdirectories.
+*   Fix multi-threaded issue for `AcceptanceValidator`.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Fix `rake db:migrate:status` with subdirectories.
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Don't share options between reference id and type columns
+## Rails 6.0.1 (November 5, 2019) ##
 
-    When using a polymorphic reference column in a migration, sharing options
-    between the two columns doesn't make sense since they are different types.
-    The `reference_id` column is usually an integer and the `reference_type`
-    column a string so options like `unsigned: true` will result in an invalid
-    table definition.
+*    Common Table Expressions are allowed on read-only connections.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+     *Chris Morris*
 
-*   Fix regression of #1969 with SELECT aliases in HAVING clause.
+*    New record instantiation respects `unscope`.
 
-    *Eugene Kenny*
+     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
+*    Fixed a case where `find_in_batches` could halt too early.
 
-## Rails 5.0.2 (March 01, 2017) ##
+     *Takayuki Nakata*
 
-*   Fix `wait_timeout` to configurable for mysql2 adapter.
+*    Autosaved associations always perform validations when a custom validation
+     context is used.
 
-    Fixes #26556.
+     *Tekin Suleyman*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*    `sql.active_record` notifications now include the `:connection` in
+     their payloads.
 
-*   Make `table_name=` reset current statement cache,
-    so queries are not run against the previous table name.
+     *Eugene Kenny*
 
-    *namusyaka*
+*    A rollback encountered in an `after_commit` callback does not reset
+     previously-committed record state.
 
-*   Allow ActiveRecord::Base#as_json to be passed a frozen Hash.
+     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Isaac Betesh*
+*    Fixed that join order was lost when eager-loading.
 
-*   Fix inspection behavior when the :id column is not primary key.
+     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *namusyaka*
+*   `DESCRIBE` queries are allowed on read-only connections.
 
-*   Fix `association_primary_key_type` for reflections with symbol primary key
+    *Dylan Thacker-Smith*
 
-    Fixes #27864
+*   Fixed that records that had been `inspect`ed could not be marshaled.
 
-    *Daniel Colson*
+    *Eugene Kenny*
 
-*   Place generated migrations into the path set by `config.paths["db/migrate"]`
+*   The connection pool reaper thread is respawned in forked processes. This
+    fixes that idle connections in forked processes wouldn't be reaped.
 
-    *Kevin Glowacz*
+    *John Hawthorn*
 
-*   Compare deserialized values for `PostgreSQL::OID::Hstore` types when
-    calling `ActiveRecord::Dirty#changed_in_place?`
+*   The memoized result of `ActiveRecord::Relation#take` is properly cleared
+    when `ActiveRecord::Relation#reset` or `ActiveRecord::Relation#reload`
+    is called.
 
-    Fixes #27502.
+    *Anmol Arora*
 
-    *Jon Moss*
+*   Fixed the performance regression for `primary_keys` introduced MySQL 8.0.
 
-*   Respect precision option for arrays of timestamps.
+    *Hiroyuki Ishii*
 
-    Fixes #27514.
+*   `insert`, `insert_all`, `upsert`, and `upsert_all` now clear the query cache.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    *Eugene Kenny*
 
+*   Call `while_preventing_writes` directly from `connected_to`.
 
-## Rails 5.0.1 (December 21, 2016) ##
+    In some cases application authors want to use the database switching middleware and make explicit calls with `connected_to`. It's possible for an app to turn off writes and not turn them back on by the time we call `connected_to(role: :writing)`.
 
-*   No changes.
+    This change allows apps to fix this by assuming if a role is writing we want to allow writes, except in the case it's explicitly turned off.
 
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-## Rails 5.0.1.rc2 (December 10, 2016) ##
+*   Improve detection of ActiveRecord::StatementTimeout with mysql2 adapter in the edge case when the query is terminated during filesort.
 
-*   Correct resolution of associated class in `has_many :through`
-    associations' `*_ids` setters.
+    *Kir Shatrov*
 
-    Fixes #27297.
 
-    *Matthew Draper*
+## Rails 6.0.0 (August 16, 2019) ##
 
-*   Support index length and order options using both string and symbol
-    column names.
+*   Preserve user supplied joins order as much as possible.
 
-    Fixes #27243.
+    Fixes #36761, #34328, #24281, #12953.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
+*   Make the DATABASE_URL env variable only affect the primary connection. Add new env variables for multiple databases.
 
-## Rails 5.0.1.rc1 (December 01, 2016) ##
-
-*   Fix that unsigned with zerofill is treated as signed.
-
-    Fixes #27125.
+    *John Crepezzi*, *Eileen Uchitelle*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   Fix the uniqueness validation scope with a polymorphic association.
+*   Add a warning for enum elements with 'not_' prefix.
 
-    *Sergey Alekseev*
+        class Foo
+          enum status: [:sent, :not_sent]
+        end
 
-*   Raise ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound from collection `*_ids` setters
-    for unknown IDs with a better error message.
+    *Edu Depetris*
 
-    Changes the collection `*_ids` setters to cast provided IDs the data
-    type of the primary key set in the association, not the model
-    primary key.
+*   Make currency symbols optional for money column type in PostgreSQL
 
-    *Dominic Cleal*
+    *Joel Schneider*
 
-*   Introduce `Model#reload_<association>` to bring back the behavior
-    of `Article.category(true)` where `category` is a singular
-    association.
 
-    The force reloading of the association reader was deprecated
-    in #20888. Unfortunately the suggested alternative of
-    `article.reload.category` does not expose the same behavior.
+## Rails 6.0.0.rc2 (July 22, 2019) ##
 
-    This patch adds a reader method with the prefix `reload_` for
-    singular associations. This method has the same semantics as
-    passing true to the association reader used to have.
+*   Add database_exists? method to connection adapters to check if a database exists.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    *Guilherme Mansur*
 
-*   Make sure eager loading `ActiveRecord::Associations` also loads
-    constants defined in `ActiveRecord::Associations::Preloader`.
+*   PostgreSQL: Fix GROUP BY with ORDER BY virtual count attribute.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    Fixes #36022.
 
-*   Allow `ActionController::Parameters`-like objects to be passed as
-    values for Postgres HStore columns.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    Fixes #26904.
+*   Make ActiveRecord `ConnectionPool.connections` method thread-safe.
 
-    *Jon Moss*
+    Fixes #36465.
 
-*   Configure query caching (per thread) on the connection pool.
+    *Jeff Doering*
 
-    Moving the configuration to the pool means we don't allocate a connection
-    until it's actually needed.
+*   Fix sqlite3 collation parsing when using decimal columns.
 
-    Applications that manually interact with the connection pool and/or query
-    cache may notice that the connection's cache is now cleared and disabled
-    when it gets returned to the pool, even if the request is not yet completed.
+    *Martin R. Schuster*
 
-    *Samuel Cochran*, *Matthew Draper*
+*   Fix invalid schema when primary key column has a comment.
 
-*   Fixed support for case insensitive comparisons of `text` columns in
-    PostgreSQL.
+    Fixes #29966.
 
-    *Edho Arief*
+    *Guilherme Goettems Schneider*
 
-*   Return `true` from `update_attribute` when the value of the attribute
-    to be updated is unchanged.
+*   Fix table comment also being applied to the primary key column.
 
-    Fixes #26593.
+    *Guilherme Goettems Schneider*
 
-    *Prathamesh Sonpatki*
+*   Fix merging left_joins to maintain its own `join_type` context.
 
-*   Serialize JSON attribute value `nil` as SQL `NULL`, not JSON `null`
+    Fixes #36103.
 
-    *Trung Duc Tran*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Always store errors details information with symbols.
 
-    When the association is autosaved we were storing the details with
-    string keys. This was creating inconsistency with other details that are
-    added using the `Errors#add` method. It was also inconsistent with the
-    `Errors#messages` storage.
+## Rails 6.0.0.rc1 (April 24, 2019) ##
 
-    To fix this inconsistency we are always storing with symbols. This will
-    cause a small breaking change because in those cases the details could
-    be accessed as strings keys but now it can not.
+*   Add `touch` option to `has_one` association.
 
-    Fix #26499.
+    *Abhay Nikam*
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*, *Marcus Vieira*
+*   Deprecate `where.not` working as NOR and will be changed to NAND in Rails 6.1.
 
-*   Using a mysql2 connection after it fails to reconnect will now have an error message
-    saying the connection is closed rather than an undefined method error message.
+    ```ruby
+    all = [treasures(:diamond), treasures(:sapphire), cars(:honda), treasures(:sapphire)]
+    assert_equal all, PriceEstimate.all.map(&:estimate_of)
+    ```
 
-    *Dylan Thacker-Smith*
+    In Rails 6.0:
 
-*   Remove unnecessarily association load when a `belongs_to` association has already been
-    loaded then the foreign key is changed directly and the record saved.
+    ```ruby
+    sapphire = treasures(:sapphire)
 
-    *James Coleman*
+    nor = all.reject { |e|
+      e.estimate_of_type == sapphire.class.polymorphic_name
+    }.reject { |e|
+      e.estimate_of_id == sapphire.id
+    }
+    assert_equal [cars(:honda)], nor
 
-*   PostgreSQL array columns will now respect the encoding of strings contained
-    in the array.
+    without_sapphire = PriceEstimate.where.not(
+      estimate_of_type: sapphire.class.polymorphic_name, estimate_of_id: sapphire.id
+    )
+    assert_equal nor, without_sapphire.map(&:estimate_of)
+    ```
 
-    Fixes #26326.
+    In Rails 6.1:
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    ```ruby
+    sapphire = treasures(:sapphire)
 
-*   Inverse association instances will now be set before `after_find` or
-    `after_initialize` callbacks are run.
+    nand = all - [sapphire]
+    assert_equal [treasures(:diamond), cars(:honda)], nand
 
-    Fixes #26320.
+    without_sapphire = PriceEstimate.where.not(
+      estimate_of_type: sapphire.class.polymorphic_name, estimate_of_id: sapphire.id
+    )
+    assert_equal nand, without_sapphire.map(&:estimate_of)
+    ```
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Avoid loading records from database when they are already loaded using
-    the `pluck` method on a collection.
+*   Fix dirty tracking after rollback.
 
-    Fixes #25921.
+    Fixes #15018, #30167, #33868.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Sqlite3 migrations to add a column to an existing table can now be
-    successfully rolled back when the column was given and invalid column
-    type.
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Relation#cache_version` to support recyclable cache keys via
+    the versioned entries in `ActiveSupport::Cache`. This also means that
+    `ActiveRecord::Relation#cache_key` will now return a stable key that does not
+    include the max timestamp or count any more.
 
-    Fixes #26087
+    NOTE: This feature is turned off by default, and `cache_key` will still return
+    cache keys with timestamps until you set `ActiveRecord::Base.collection_cache_versioning = true`.
+    That's the setting for all new apps on Rails 6.0+
 
-    *Travis O'Neill*
+    *Lachlan Sylvester*
 
-*   Hashes can once again be passed to setters of `composed_of`, if all of the
-    mapping methods are methods implemented on `Hash`.
+*   Fix dirty tracking for `touch` to track saved changes.
 
-    Fixes #25978.
+    Fixes #33429.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    *Ryuta Kamzono*
 
-*   Doing count on relations that contain LEFT OUTER JOIN Arel node no longer
-    force a DISTINCT. This solves issues when using count after a left_joins.
+*   `change_column_comment` and `change_table_comment` are invertible only if
+    `to` and `from` options are specified.
 
-    *Maxime Handfield Lapointe*
+    *Yoshiyuki Kinjo*
 
-*   RecordNotFound raised by association.find exposes `id`, `primary_key` and
-    `model` methods to be consistent with RecordNotFound raised by Record.find.
+*   Don't call commit/rollback callbacks when a record isn't saved.
 
-    *Michel Pigassou*
+    Fixes #29747.
 
-*   Fix the SELECT statement in `#table_comment` for MySQL.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Takeshi Akima*
+*   Fix circular `autosave: true` causes invalid records to be saved.
 
-*   Virtual attributes will no longer raise when read on models loaded from the
-    database
+    Prior to the fix, when there was a circular series of `autosave: true`
+    associations, the callback for a `has_many` association was run while
+    another instance of the same callback on the same association hadn't
+    finished running. When control returned to the first instance of the
+    callback, the instance variable had changed, and subsequent associated
+    records weren't saved correctly. Specifically, the ID field for the
+    `belongs_to` corresponding to the `has_many` was `nil`.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    Fixes #28080.
 
-*   Fixes multi-parameter attributes conversion with invalid params.
+    *Larry Reid*
 
-    *Hiroyuki Ishii*
+*   Raise `ArgumentError` for invalid `:limit` and `:precision` like as other options.
 
-*   Add newline between each migration in `structure.sql`.
+    Before:
 
-    Keeps schema migration inserts as a single commit, but allows for easier
-    git diff-ing. Fixes #25504.
+    ```ruby
+    add_column :items, :attr1, :binary,   size: 10      # => ArgumentError
+    add_column :items, :attr2, :decimal,  scale: 10     # => ArgumentError
+    add_column :items, :attr3, :integer,  limit: 10     # => ActiveRecordError
+    add_column :items, :attr4, :datetime, precision: 10 # => ActiveRecordError
+    ```
 
-    *Grey Baker*, *Norberto Lopes*
+    After:
 
-*   Using `group` with an attribute that has a custom type will properly cast
-    the hash keys after calling a calculation method like `count`.
+    ```ruby
+    add_column :items, :attr1, :binary,   size: 10      # => ArgumentError
+    add_column :items, :attr2, :decimal,  scale: 10     # => ArgumentError
+    add_column :items, :attr3, :integer,  limit: 10     # => ArgumentError
+    add_column :items, :attr4, :datetime, precision: 10 # => ArgumentError
+    ```
 
-    Fixes #25595.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+*   Association loading isn't to be affected by scoping consistently
+    whether preloaded / eager loaded or not, with the exception of `unscoped`.
 
-*   Ensure concurrent invocations of the connection reaper cannot allocate the
-    same connection to two threads.
+    Before:
 
-    Fixes #25585.
+    ```ruby
+    Post.where("1=0").scoping do
+      Comment.find(1).post                   # => nil
+      Comment.preload(:post).find(1).post    # => #<Post id: 1, ...>
+      Comment.eager_load(:post).find(1).post # => #<Post id: 1, ...>
+    end
+    ```
 
-    *Matthew Draper*
+    After:
 
-*   Fixed dumping of foreign key's referential actions when MySQL connection
-    uses `sql_mode = ANSI_QUOTES`.
+    ```ruby
+    Post.where("1=0").scoping do
+      Comment.find(1).post                   # => #<Post id: 1, ...>
+      Comment.preload(:post).find(1).post    # => #<Post id: 1, ...>
+      Comment.eager_load(:post).find(1).post # => #<Post id: 1, ...>
+    end
+    ```
 
-    Fixes #25300.
+    Fixes #34638, #35398.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
+*   Add `rails db:prepare` to migrate or setup a database.
 
-## Rails 5.0.0 (June 30, 2016) ##
-
-*   Inspecting an object with an associated array of over 10 elements no longer
-    truncates the array, preventing `inspect` from looping infinitely in some
-    cases.
-
-    *Kevin McPhillips*
+    Runs `db:migrate` if the database exists or `db:setup` if it doesn't.
 
-*   Ensure hashes can be assigned to attributes created using `composed_of`.
-
-    Fixes #25210.
+    *Roberto Miranda*
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+*   Add `after_save_commit` callback as shortcut for `after_commit :hook, on: [ :create, :update ]`.
 
-*   Fix logging edge case where if an attribute was of the binary type and
-    was provided as a Hash.
+    *DHH*
 
-    *Jon Moss*
+*   Assign all attributes before calling `build` to ensure the child record is visible in
+    `before_add` and `after_add` callbacks for `has_many :through` associations.
 
-*   Handle JSON deserialization correctly if the column default from database
-    adapter returns `''` instead of `nil`.
+    Fixes #33249.
 
-    *Johannes Opper*
+    *Ryan H. Kerr*
 
-*   PostgreSQL: Support Expression Indexes and Operator Classes.
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Relation#extract_associated` for extracting associated records from a relation.
 
-    Example:
+    ```
+    account.memberships.extract_associated(:user)
+    # => Returns collection of User records
+    ```
 
-        create_table :users do |t|
-          t.string :name
-          t.index 'lower(name) varchar_pattern_ops'
-        end
+    *DHH*
 
-    Fixes #19090, #21765, #21819, #24359.
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Relation#annotate` for adding SQL comments to its queries.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    For example:
 
-*   MySQL: Prepared statements support.
+    ```
+    Post.where(id: 123).annotate("this is a comment").to_sql
+    # SELECT "posts".* FROM "posts" WHERE "posts"."id" = 123 /* this is a comment */
+    ```
 
-    To enable, set `prepared_statements: true` in config/database.yml.
-    Requires mysql2 0.4.4+.
+    This can be useful in instrumentation or other analysis of issued queries.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Matt Yoho*
 
-*   Schema dumper: Indexes are now included in the `create_table` block
-    instead of listed afterward as separate `add_index` lines.
+*   Support Optimizer Hints.
 
-    This tidies up schema.rb and makes it easy to read as a list of tables.
+    In most databases, a way to control the optimizer is by using optimizer hints,
+    which can be specified within individual statements.
 
-    Bonus: Allows databases that support it (MySQL) to perform as single
-    `CREATE TABLE` query, no additional query per index.
+    Example (for MySQL):
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+        Topic.optimizer_hints("MAX_EXECUTION_TIME(50000)", "NO_INDEX_MERGE(topics)")
+        # SELECT /*+ MAX_EXECUTION_TIME(50000) NO_INDEX_MERGE(topics) */ `topics`.* FROM `topics`
 
-*   SQLite: Fix uniqueness validation when values exceed the column limit.
+    Example (for PostgreSQL with pg_hint_plan):
 
-    SQLite doesn't impose length restrictions on strings, BLOBs, or numeric
-    values. It treats them as helpful metadata. When we truncate strings
-    before checking uniqueness, we'd miss values that exceed the column limit.
+        Topic.optimizer_hints("SeqScan(topics)", "Parallel(topics 8)")
+        # SELECT /*+ SeqScan(topics) Parallel(topics 8) */ "topics".* FROM "topics"
 
-    Other databases enforce length limits. A large value will pass uniqueness
-    validation since the column limit guarantees no value that long exists.
-    When we insert the row, it'll raise `ActiveRecord::ValueTooLong` as we
-    expect.
+    See also:
 
-    This fixes edge-case incorrect validation failures for values that exceed
-    the column limit but are identical to an existing value *when truncated*.
-    Now these will pass validation and raise an exception.
+    * https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/optimizer-hints.html
+    * https://pghintplan.osdn.jp/pg_hint_plan.html
+    * https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/12.2/tgsql/influencing-the-optimizer.html
+    * https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/hints-transact-sql-query?view=sql-server-2017
+    * https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/SSEPGG_11.1.0/com.ibm.db2.luw.admin.perf.doc/doc/c0070117.html
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Raise `ActiveRecord::ValueTooLong` when column limits are exceeded.
-    Supported by MySQL and PostgreSQL adapters.
+*   Fix query attribute method on user-defined attribute to be aware of typecasted value.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    For example, the following code no longer return false as casted non-empty string:
 
-*   Migrations: `#foreign_key` respects `table_name_prefix` and `_suffix`.
+    ```
+    class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
+      attribute :user_defined_text, :text
+    end
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    Post.new(user_defined_text: "false").user_defined_text? # => true
+    ```
 
-*   SQLite: Force NOT NULL primary keys.
+    *Yuji Kamijima*
 
-    From SQLite docs: https://www.sqlite.org/lang_createtable.html
-        According to the SQL standard, PRIMARY KEY should always imply NOT
-        NULL. Unfortunately, due to a bug in some early versions, this is not
-        the case in SQLite. Unless the column is an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY or the
-        table is a WITHOUT ROWID table or the column is declared NOT NULL,
-        SQLite allows NULL values in a PRIMARY KEY column. SQLite could be
-        fixed to conform to the standard, but doing so might break legacy
-        applications. Hence, it has been decided to merely document the fact
-        that SQLite allowing NULLs in most PRIMARY KEY columns.
+*   Quote empty ranges like other empty enumerables.
 
-    Now we override column options to explicitly set NOT NULL rather than rely
-    on implicit NOT NULL like MySQL and PostgreSQL adapters.
+    *Patrick Rebsch*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Add `insert_all`/`insert_all!`/`upsert_all` methods to `ActiveRecord::Persistence`,
+    allowing bulk inserts akin to the bulk updates provided by `update_all` and
+    bulk deletes by `delete_all`.
 
-*   Added notice when a database is successfully created or dropped.
+    Supports skipping or upserting duplicates through the `ON CONFLICT` syntax
+    for PostgreSQL (9.5+) and SQLite (3.24+) and `ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE` syntax
+    for MySQL.
 
-    Example:
+    *Bob Lail*
 
-        $ bin/rails db:create
-        Created database 'blog_development'
-        Created database 'blog_test'
+*   Add `rails db:seed:replant` that truncates tables of each database
+    for current environment and loads the seeds.
 
-        $ bin/rails db:drop
-        Dropped database 'blog_development'
-        Dropped database 'blog_test'
+    *bogdanvlviv*, *DHH*
 
-    Changed older notices
-    `blog_development already exists` to `Database 'blog_development' already exists`.
-    and
-    `Couldn't drop blog_development` to `Couldn't drop database 'blog_development'`.
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.connection.truncate` for SQLite3 adapter.
 
     *bogdanvlviv*
 
-*   Database comments. Annotate database objects (tables, columns, indexes)
-    with comments stored in database metadata. PostgreSQL & MySQL support.
-
-        create_table :pages, force: :cascade, comment: 'CMS content pages' do |t|
-          t.string :path,   comment: 'Path fragment of page URL used for routing'
-          t.string :locale, comment: 'RFC 3066 locale code of website language section'
-          t.index [:path, :locale], comment: 'Look up pages by URI'
-        end
-
-    *Andrey Novikov*
+*   Deprecate mismatched collation comparison for uniqueness validator.
 
-*   Add `quoted_time` for truncating the date part of a TIME column value.
-    This fixes queries on TIME column on MariaDB, as it doesn't ignore the
-    date part of the string when it coerces to time.
+    Uniqueness validator will no longer enforce case sensitive comparison in Rails 6.1.
+    To continue case sensitive comparison on the case insensitive column,
+    pass `case_sensitive: true` option explicitly to the uniqueness validator.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Properly accept all valid JSON primitives in the JSON data type.
-
-    Fixes #24234
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
+*   Add `reselect` method. This is a short-hand for `unscope(:select).select(fields)`.
 
-*   MariaDB 5.3+ supports microsecond datetime precision.
+    Fixes #27340.
 
-    *Jeremy Daer*
+    *Willian Gustavo Veiga*
 
-*   Delegate `none?` and `one?`. Now they can be invoked as model class methods.
+*   Add negative scopes for all enum values.
 
     Example:
 
-        # When no record is found on the table
-        Topic.none?  # => true
-
-        # When only one record is found on the table
-        Topic.one?   # => true
-
-    *Kenta Shirai*
+        class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
+          enum status: %i[ drafted active trashed ]
+        end
 
-*   The form builder now properly displays values when passing a proc form
-    default to the attributes API.
+        Post.not_drafted # => where.not(status: :drafted)
+        Post.not_active  # => where.not(status: :active)
+        Post.not_trashed # => where.not(status: :trashed)
 
-    Fixes #24249.
+    *DHH*
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+*   Fix different `count` calculation when using `size` with manual `select` with DISTINCT.
 
-*   The schema cache is now cleared after the `db:migrate` task is run.
+    Fixes #35214.
 
-    Closes #24273.
+    *Juani Villarejo*
 
-    *Chris Arcand*
 
-*   MySQL: strict mode respects other SQL modes rather than overwriting them.
-    Setting `strict: true` adds `STRICT_ALL_TABLES` to `sql_mode`. Setting
-    `strict: false` removes `STRICT_TRANS_TABLES`, `STRICT_ALL_TABLES`, and
-    `TRADITIONAL` from `sql_mode`.
+## Rails 6.0.0.beta3 (March 11, 2019) ##
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   No changes.
 
-*   Execute default_scope defined by abstract class in the context of subclass.
 
-    Fixes #23413.
-    Fixes #10658.
+## Rails 6.0.0.beta2 (February 25, 2019) ##
 
-    *Mehmet Emin İNAÇ*
+*   Fix prepared statements caching to be enabled even when query caching is enabled.
 
-*   Fix an issue when preloading associations with extensions.
-    Previously every association with extension methods was transformed into an
-    instance dependent scope. This is no longer the case.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    Fixes #23934.
+*   Ensure `update_all` series cares about optimistic locking.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Deprecate `{insert|update|delete}_sql` in `DatabaseStatements`.
-    Use the `{insert|update|delete}` public methods instead.
+*   Don't allow `where` with non numeric string matches to 0 values.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Added a configuration option to have active record raise an ArgumentError
-    if the order or limit is ignored in a batch query, rather than logging a
-    warning message.
-
-    *Scott Ringwelski*
+*   Introduce `ActiveRecord::Relation#destroy_by` and `ActiveRecord::Relation#delete_by`.
 
-*   Honour the order of the joining model in a `has_many :through` association when eager loading.
+    `destroy_by` allows relation to find all the records matching the condition and perform
+    `destroy_all` on the matched records.
 
     Example:
 
-    The below will now follow the order of `by_lines` when eager loading `authors`.
-
-        class Article < ActiveRecord::Base
-          has_many :by_lines, -> { order(:position) }
-          has_many :authors, through: :by_lines
-        end
-
-    Fixes #17864.
-
-    *Yasyf Mohamedali*, *Joel Turkel*
-
-*   Ensure that the Suppressor runs before validations.
-
-    This moves the suppressor up to be run before validations rather than after
-    validations. There's no reason to validate a record you aren't planning on saving.
-
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
-
-*   Save many-to-many objects based on association primary key.
-
-    Fixes #20995.
-
-    *himesh-r*
-
-*   Ensure that mutations of the array returned from `ActiveRecord::Relation#to_a`
-    do not affect the original relation, by returning a duplicate array each time.
-
-    This brings the behavior in line with `CollectionProxy#to_a`, which was
-    already more careful.
-
-    *Matthew Draper*
+        Person.destroy_by(name: 'David')
+        Person.destroy_by(name: 'David', rating: 4)
 
-*   Fixed `where` for polymorphic associations when passed an array containing different types.
+        david = Person.find_by(name: 'David')
+        david.posts.destroy_by(id: [1, 2, 3])
 
-    Fixes #17011.
+    `delete_by` allows relation to find all the records matching the condition and perform
+    `delete_all` on the matched records.
 
     Example:
 
-        PriceEstimate.where(estimate_of: [Treasure.find(1), Car.find(2)])
-        # => SELECT "price_estimates".* FROM "price_estimates"
-             WHERE (("price_estimates"."estimate_of_type" = 'Treasure' AND "price_estimates"."estimate_of_id" = 1)
-             OR ("price_estimates"."estimate_of_type" = 'Car' AND "price_estimates"."estimate_of_id" = 2))
+        Person.delete_by(name: 'David')
+        Person.delete_by(name: 'David', rating: 4)
 
-    *Philippe Huibonhoa*
+        david = Person.find_by(name: 'David')
+        david.posts.delete_by(id: [1, 2, 3])
 
-*   Fix a bug where using `t.foreign_key` twice with the same `to_table` within
-    the same table definition would only create one foreign key.
+    *Abhay Nikam*
 
-    *George Millo*
+*   Don't allow `where` with invalid value matches to nil values.
 
-*   Fix a regression on has many association, where calling a child from parent in child's callback
-    results in same child records getting added repeatedly to target.
+    Fixes #33624.
 
-    Fixes #13387.
-
-    *Bogdan Gusiev*, *Jon Hinson*
-
-*   Rework `ActiveRecord::Relation#last`.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    1. Never perform additional SQL on loaded relation
-    2. Use SQL reverse order instead of loading relation if relation doesn't have limit
-    3. Deprecated relation loading when SQL order can not be automatically reversed
+*   SQLite3: Implement `add_foreign_key` and `remove_foreign_key`.
 
-        Topic.order("title").load.last(3)
-          # before: SELECT ...
-          # after: No SQL
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-        Topic.order("title").last
-          # before: SELECT * FROM `topics`
-          # after:  SELECT * FROM `topics` ORDER BY `topics`.`title` DESC LIMIT 1
+*   Deprecate using class level querying methods if the receiver scope
+    regarded as leaked. Use `klass.unscoped` to avoid the leaking scope.
 
-        Topic.order("coalesce(author, title)").last
-          # before: SELECT * FROM `topics`
-          # after:  Deprecation Warning for irreversible order
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Bogdan Gusiev*
+*   Allow applications to automatically switch connections.
 
-*   Allow `joins` to be unscoped.
+    Adds a middleware and configuration options that can be used in your
+    application to automatically switch between the writing and reading
+    database connections.
 
-    Fixes #13775.
+    `GET` and `HEAD` requests will read from the replica unless there was
+    a write in the last 2 seconds, otherwise they will read from the primary.
+    Non-get requests will always write to the primary. The middleware accepts
+    an argument for a Resolver class and an Operations class where you are able
+    to change how the auto-switcher works to be most beneficial for your
+    application.
 
-    *Takashi Kokubun*
+    To use the middleware in your application you can use the following
+    configuration options:
 
-*   Add `#second_to_last` and `#third_to_last` finder methods.
+    ```
+    config.active_record.database_selector = { delay: 2.seconds }
+    config.active_record.database_resolver = ActiveRecord::Middleware::DatabaseSelector::Resolver
+    config.active_record.database_resolver_context = ActiveRecord::Middleware::DatabaseSelector::Resolver::Session
+    ```
 
-    *Brian Christian*
+    To change the database selection strategy, pass a custom class to the
+    configuration options:
 
-*   Added `numeric` helper into migrations.
+    ```
+    config.active_record.database_selector = { delay: 10.seconds }
+    config.active_record.database_resolver = MyResolver
+    config.active_record.database_resolver_context = MyResolver::MyCookies
+    ```
 
-    Example:
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-        create_table(:numeric_types) do |t|
-          t.numeric :numeric_type, precision: 10, scale: 2
-        end
+*   MySQL: Support `:size` option to change text and blob size.
 
-    *Mehmet Emin İNAÇ*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Bumped the minimum supported version of PostgreSQL to >= 9.1.
-    Both PG 9.0 and 8.4 are past their end of life date:
-    http://www.postgresql.org/support/versioning/
+*   Make `t.timestamps` with precision by default.
 
-    *Remo Mueller*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   `ActiveRecord::Relation#reverse_order` throws `ActiveRecord::IrreversibleOrderError`
-    when the order can not be reversed using current trivial algorithm.
-    Also raises the same error when `#reverse_order` is called on
-    relation without any order and table has no primary key:
 
-        Topic.order("concat(author_name, title)").reverse_order
-          # Before: SELECT `topics`.* FROM `topics` ORDER BY concat(author_name DESC, title) DESC
-          # After: raises ActiveRecord::IrreversibleOrderError
-        Edge.all.reverse_order
-          # Before: SELECT `edges`.* FROM `edges` ORDER BY `edges`.`` DESC
-          # After: raises ActiveRecord::IrreversibleOrderError
+## Rails 6.0.0.beta1 (January 18, 2019) ##
 
-    *Bogdan Gusiev*
+*   Remove deprecated `#set_state` from the transaction object.
 
-*   Improve schema_migrations insertion performance by inserting all versions
-    in one INSERT SQL.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Akira Matsuda*, *Naoto Koshikawa*
+*   Remove deprecated `#supports_statement_cache?` from the database adapters.
 
-*   Using `references` or `belongs_to` in migrations will always add index
-    for the referenced column by default, without adding `index: true` option
-    to generated migration file. Users can opt out of this by passing
-    `index: false`.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    Fixes #18146.
+*   Remove deprecated `#insert_fixtures` from the database adapters.
 
-    *Matthew Draper*, *Prathamesh Sonpatki*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Run `type` attributes through attributes API type-casting before
-    instantiating the corresponding subclass. This makes it possible to define
-    custom STI mappings.
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter#valid_alter_table_type?`.
 
-    Fixes #21986.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+*   Do not allow passing the column name to `sum` when a block is passed.
 
-*   Don't try to quote functions or expressions passed to `:default` option if
-    they are passed as procs.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    This will generate proper query with the passed function or expression for
-    the default option, instead of trying to quote it in incorrect fashion.
+*   Do not allow passing the column name to `count` when a block is passed.
 
-    Example:
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-        create_table :posts do |t|
-          t.datetime :published_at, default: -> { 'NOW()' }
-        end
+*   Remove delegation of missing methods in a relation to arel.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Fix regression when loading fixture files with symbol keys.
+*   Remove delegation of missing methods in a relation to private methods of the class.
 
-    Fixes #22584.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+*   Deprecate `config.active_record.sqlite3.represent_boolean_as_integer`.
 
-*   Use `version` column as primary key for schema_migrations table because
-    `schema_migrations` versions are guaranteed to be unique.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    This makes it possible to use `update_attributes` on models that do
-    not have a primary key.
+*   Change `SQLite3Adapter` to always represent boolean values as integers.
 
-    *Richard Schneeman*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Add short-hand methods for text and blob types in MySQL.
+*   Remove ability to specify a timestamp name for `#cache_key`.
 
-    In Pg and Sqlite3, `:text` and `:binary` have variable unlimited length.
-    But in MySQL, these have limited length for each types (ref #21591, #21619).
-    This change adds short-hand methods for each text and blob types.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    Example:
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Migrator.migrations_path=`.
 
-        create_table :foos do |t|
-          t.tinyblob   :tiny_blob
-          t.mediumblob :medium_blob
-          t.longblob   :long_blob
-          t.tinytext   :tiny_text
-          t.mediumtext :medium_text
-          t.longtext   :long_text
-        end
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Remove deprecated `expand_hash_conditions_for_aggregates`.
 
-*   Take into account UTC offset when assigning string representation of
-    timestamp with offset specified to attribute of time type.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Andrey Novikov*
+*   Set polymorphic type column to NULL on `dependent: :nullify` strategy.
 
-*   When calling `first` with a `limit` argument, return directly from the
-    `loaded?` records if available.
+    On polymorphic associations both the foreign key and the foreign type columns will be set to NULL.
 
-    *Ben Woosley*
+    *Laerti Papa*
 
-*   Deprecate sending the `offset` argument to `find_nth`. Please use the
-    `offset` method on relation instead.
+*   Allow permitted instance of `ActionController::Parameters` as argument of `ActiveRecord::Relation#exists?`.
 
-    *Ben Woosley*
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-*   Limit record touching to once per transaction.
+*   Add support for endless ranges introduces in Ruby 2.6.
 
-    If you have a parent/grand-parent relation like:
+    *Greg Navis*
 
-        Comment belongs_to :message, touch: true
-        Message belongs_to :project, touch: true
-        Project belongs_to :account, touch: true
+*   Deprecate passing `migrations_paths` to `connection.assume_migrated_upto_version`.
 
-    When the lowest entry(`Comment`) is saved, now, it won't repeat the touch
-    call multiple times for the parent records.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    Related #18606.
+*   MySQL: `ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC` create table option by default.
 
-    *arthurnn*
+    Since MySQL 5.7.9, the `innodb_default_row_format` option defines the default row
+    format for InnoDB tables. The default setting is `DYNAMIC`.
+    The row format is required for indexing on `varchar(255)` with `utf8mb4` columns.
 
-*   Order the result of `find(ids)` to match the passed array, if the relation
-    has no explicit order defined.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    Fixes #20338.
+*   Fix join table column quoting with SQLite.
 
-    *Miguel Grazziotin*, *Matthew Draper*
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-*   Omit default limit values in dumped schema. It's tidier, and if the defaults
-    change in the future, we can address that via Migration API Versioning.
+*   Allow disabling scopes generated by `ActiveRecord.enum`.
 
-    *Jean Boussier*
+    *Alfred Dominic*
 
-*   Support passing the schema name as a prefix to table name in
-    `ConnectionAdapters::SchemaStatements#indexes`. Previously the prefix would
-    be considered a full part of the index name, and only the schema in the
-    current search path would be considered.
+*   Ensure that `delete_all` on collection proxy returns affected count.
 
-    *Grey Baker*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Ignore index name in `index_exists?` and `remove_index` when not passed a
-    name to check for.
+*   Reset scope after delete on collection association to clear stale offsets of removed records.
 
-    *Grey Baker*
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-*   Extract support for the legacy `mysql` database adapter from core. It will
-    live on in a separate gem for now, but most users should just use `mysql2`.
+*   Add the ability to prevent writes to a database for the duration of a block.
 
-    *Abdelkader Boudih*
+    Allows the application to prevent writes to a database. This can be useful when
+    you're building out multiple databases and want to make sure you're not sending
+    writes when you want a read.
 
-*   ApplicationRecord is a new superclass for all app models, analogous to app
-    controllers subclassing ApplicationController instead of
-    ActionController::Base. This gives apps a single spot to configure app-wide
-    model behavior.
+    If `while_preventing_writes` is called and the query is considered a write
+    query the database will raise an exception regardless of whether the database
+    user is able to write.
 
-    Newly generated applications have `app/models/application_record.rb`
-    present by default.
+    This is not meant to be a catch-all for write queries but rather a way to enforce
+    read-only queries without opening a second connection. One purpose of this is to
+    catch accidental writes, not all writes.
 
-    *Genadi Samokovarov*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-*   Version the API presented to migration classes, so we can change parameter
-    defaults without breaking existing migrations, or forcing them to be
-    rewritten through a deprecation cycle.
+*   Allow aliased attributes to be used in `#update_columns` and `#update`.
 
-    New migrations specify the Rails version they were written for:
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-        class AddStatusToOrders < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
-          def change
-            # ...
-          end
-        end
+*   Allow spaces in postgres table names.
 
-    *Matthew Draper*, *Ravil Bayramgalin*
+    Fixes issue where "user post" is misinterpreted as "\"user\".\"post\"" when quoting table names with the postgres adapter.
 
-*   Use bind params for `limit` and `offset`. This will generate significantly
-    fewer prepared statements for common tasks like pagination. To support this
-    change, passing a string containing a comma to `limit` has been deprecated,
-    and passing an Arel node to `limit` is no longer supported.
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-    Fixes #22250.
+*   Cached `columns_hash` fields should be excluded from `ResultSet#column_types`.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    PR #34528 addresses the inconsistent behaviour when attribute is defined for an ignored column. The following test
+    was passing for SQLite and MySQL, but failed for PostgreSQL:
 
-*   Introduce after_{create,update,delete}_commit callbacks.
+    ```ruby
+    class DeveloperName < ActiveRecord::Type::String
+      def deserialize(value)
+        "Developer: #{value}"
+      end
+    end
 
-    Before:
+    class AttributedDeveloper < ActiveRecord::Base
+      self.table_name = "developers"
 
-        after_commit :add_to_index_later, on: :create
-        after_commit :update_in_index_later, on: :update
-        after_commit :remove_from_index_later, on: :destroy
+      attribute :name, DeveloperName.new
 
-    After:
+      self.ignored_columns += ["name"]
+    end
 
-        after_create_commit  :add_to_index_later
-        after_update_commit  :update_in_index_later
-        after_destroy_commit :remove_from_index_later
+    developer = AttributedDeveloper.create
+    developer.update_column :name, "name"
 
-    Fixes #22515.
+    loaded_developer = AttributedDeveloper.where(id: developer.id).select("*").first
+    puts loaded_developer.name # should be "Developer: name" but it's just "name"
+    ```
 
-    *Genadi Samokovarov*
+    *Dmitry Tsepelev*
 
-*   Respect the column default values for `inheritance_column` when
-    instantiating records through the base class.
+*   Make the implicit order column configurable.
 
-    Fixes #17121.
+    When calling ordered finder methods such as `first` or `last` without an
+    explicit order clause, ActiveRecord sorts records by primary key. This can
+    result in unpredictable and surprising behaviour when the primary key is
+    not an auto-incrementing integer, for example when it's a UUID. This change
+    makes it possible to override the column used for implicit ordering such
+    that `first` and `last` will return more predictable results.
 
     Example:
 
-        # The schema of BaseModel has `t.string :type, default: 'SubType'`
-        subtype = BaseModel.new
-        assert_equals SubType, subtype.class
-
-    *Kuldeep Aggarwal*
-
-*   Fix `rake db:structure:dump` on Postgres when multiple schemas are used.
+        class Project < ActiveRecord::Base
+          self.implicit_order_column = "created_at"
+        end
 
-    Fixes #22346.
+    *Tekin Suleyman*
 
-    *Nick Muerdter*, *ckoenig*
+*   Bump minimum PostgreSQL version to 9.3.
 
-*   Add schema dumping support for PostgreSQL geometric data types.
+    *Yasuo Honda*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Values of enum are frozen, raising an error when attempting to modify them.
 
-*   Except keys of `build_record`'s argument from `create_scope` in `initialize_attributes`.
+    *Emmanuel Byrd*
 
-    Fixes #21893.
+*   Move `ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid` SQL to error property and include binds as separate error property.
 
-    *Yuichiro Kaneko*
+    `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractAdapter#translate_exception_class` now requires `binds` to be passed as the last argument.
 
-*   Deprecate `connection.tables` on the SQLite3 and MySQL adapters.
-    Also deprecate passing arguments to `#tables`.
-    And deprecate `table_exists?`.
+    `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractAdapter#translate_exception` now requires `message`, `sql`, and `binds` to be passed as keyword arguments.
 
-    The `#tables` method of some adapters (mysql, mysql2, sqlite3) would return
-    both tables and views while others (postgresql) just return tables. To make
-    their behavior consistent, `#tables` will return only tables in the future.
+    Subclasses of `ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid` must now provide `sql:` and `binds:` arguments to `super`.
 
-    The `#table_exists?` method would check both tables and views. To make
-    their behavior consistent with `#tables`, `#table_exists?` will check only
-    tables in the future.
+    Example:
 
-    *Yuichiro Kaneko*
+    ```
+    class MySubclassedError < ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid
+      def initialize(message, sql:, binds:)
+        super(message, sql: sql, binds: binds)
+      end
+    end
+    ```
 
-*   Improve support for non Active Record objects on `validates_associated`
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-    Skipping `marked_for_destruction?` when the associated object does not responds
-    to it make easier to validate virtual associations built on top of Active Model
-    objects and/or serialized objects that implement a `valid?` instance method.
+*   Add an `:if_not_exists` option to `create_table`.
 
-    *Kassio Borges*, *Lucas Mazza*
+    Example:
 
-*   Change connection management middleware to return a new response with
-    a body proxy, rather than mutating the original.
+        create_table :posts, if_not_exists: true do |t|
+          t.string :title
+        end
 
-    *Kevin Buchanan*
+    That would execute:
 
-*   Make `db:migrate:status` to render `1_some.rb` format migrate files.
+        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS posts (
+          ...
+        )
 
-    These files are in `db/migrate`:
+    If the table already exists, `if_not_exists: false` (the default) raises an
+    exception whereas `if_not_exists: true` does nothing.
 
-        * 1_valid_people_have_last_names.rb
-        * 20150819202140_irreversible_migration.rb
-        * 20150823202140_add_admin_flag_to_users.rb
-        * 20150823202141_migration_tests.rb
-        * 2_we_need_reminders.rb
-        * 3_innocent_jointable.rb
+    *fatkodima*, *Stefan Kanev*
 
-    Before:
+*   Defining an Enum as a Hash with blank key, or as an Array with a blank value, now raises an `ArgumentError`.
 
-        $ bundle exec rake db:migrate:status
-        ...
+    *Christophe Maximin*
 
-         Status   Migration ID    Migration Name
-        --------------------------------------------------
-           up     001             ********** NO FILE **********
-           up     002             ********** NO FILE **********
-           up     003             ********** NO FILE **********
-           up     20150819202140  Irreversible migration
-           up     20150823202140  Add admin flag to users
-           up     20150823202141  Migration tests
+*   Adds support for multiple databases to `rails db:schema:cache:dump` and `rails db:schema:cache:clear`.
 
-    After:
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-        $ bundle exec rake db:migrate:status
-        ...
+*   `update_columns` now correctly raises `ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError`
+    if the attribute does not exist.
 
-         Status   Migration ID    Migration Name
-        --------------------------------------------------
-           up     001             Valid people have last names
-           up     002             We need reminders
-           up     003             Innocent jointable
-           up     20150819202140  Irreversible migration
-           up     20150823202140  Add admin flag to users
-           up     20150823202141  Migration tests
+    *Sean Griffin*
 
-    *Yuichiro Kaneko*
+*   Add support for hash and URL configs in database hash of `ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to`.
 
-*   Define `ActiveRecord::Sanitization.sanitize_sql_for_order` and use it inside
-    `preprocess_order_args`.
+    ````
+    User.connected_to(database: { writing: "postgres://foo" }) do
+      User.create!(name: "Gannon")
+    end
 
-    *Yuichiro Kaneko*
+    config = { "adapter" => "sqlite3", "database" => "db/readonly.sqlite3" }
+    User.connected_to(database: { reading: config }) do
+      User.count
+    end
+    ````
 
-*   Allow bigint with default nil for avoiding auto increment primary key.
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Support default expression for MySQL.
 
-*   Remove `DEFAULT_CHARSET` and `DEFAULT_COLLATION` in `MySQLDatabaseTasks`.
+    MySQL 8.0.13 and higher supports default value to be a function or expression.
 
-    We should omit the collation entirely rather than providing a default.
-    Then the choice is the responsibility of the server and MySQL distribution.
+    https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/create-table.html
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Alias `ActiveRecord::Relation#left_joins` to
-    `ActiveRecord::Relation#left_outer_joins`.
-
-    *Takashi Kokubun*
-
-*   Use advisory locking to raise a `ConcurrentMigrationError` instead of
-    attempting to migrate when another migration is currently running.
-
-    *Sam Davies*
-
-*   Added `ActiveRecord::Relation#left_outer_joins`.
-
-    Example:
-
-        User.left_outer_joins(:posts)
-        # => SELECT "users".* FROM "users" LEFT OUTER JOIN "posts" ON
-             "posts"."user_id" = "users"."id"
-
-    *Florian Thomas*
-
-*   Support passing an array to `order` for SQL parameter sanitization.
-
-    *Aaron Suggs*
-
-*   Avoid disabling errors on the PostgreSQL connection when enabling the
-    `standard_conforming_strings` setting. Errors were previously disabled because
-    the setting wasn't writable in Postgres 8.1 and didn't exist in earlier
-    versions. Now Rails only supports Postgres 8.2+ we're fine to assume the
-    setting exists. Disabling errors caused problems when using a connection
-    pooling tool like PgBouncer because it's not guaranteed to have the same
-    connection between calls to `execute` and it could leave the connection
-    with errors disabled.
-
-    Fixes #22101.
-
-    *Harry Marr*
-
-*   Set `scope.reordering_value` to `true` if `:reordering`-values are specified.
-
-    Fixes #21886.
-
-    *Hiroaki Izu*
-
-*   Add support for bidirectional destroy dependencies.
-
-    Fixes #13609.
-
-    Example:
-
-        class Content < ActiveRecord::Base
-          has_one :position, dependent: :destroy
-        end
+*   Support expression indexes for MySQL.
 
-        class Position < ActiveRecord::Base
-          belongs_to :content, dependent: :destroy
-        end
+    MySQL 8.0.13 and higher supports functional key parts that index
+    expression values rather than column or column prefix values.
 
-    *Seb Jacobs*
+    https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/create-index.html
 
-*   Includes HABTM returns correct size now. It's caused by the join dependency
-    only instantiates one HABTM object because the join table hasn't a primary key.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    Fixes #16032.
+*   Fix collection cache key with limit and custom select to avoid ambiguous timestamp column error.
 
-    Examples:
+    Fixes #33056.
 
-        before:
+    *Federico Martinez*
 
-        Project.first.salaried_developers.size # => 3
-        Project.includes(:salaried_developers).first.salaried_developers.size # => 1
+*   Add basic API for connection switching to support multiple databases.
 
-        after:
+    1) Adds a `connects_to` method for models to connect to multiple databases. Example:
 
-        Project.first.salaried_developers.size # => 3
-        Project.includes(:salaried_developers).first.salaried_developers.size # => 3
+    ```
+    class AnimalsModel < ApplicationRecord
+      self.abstract_class = true
 
-    *Bigxiang*
+      connects_to database: { writing: :animals_primary, reading: :animals_replica }
+    end
 
-*   Add option to index errors in nested attributes.
+    class Dog < AnimalsModel
+      # connected to both the animals_primary db for writing and the animals_replica for reading
+    end
+    ```
 
-    For models which have nested attributes, errors within those models will
-    now be indexed if `:index_errors` option is set to true when defining a
-    `has_many` relationship or by setting the configuration option
-    `config.active_record.index_nested_attribute_errors` to true.
+    2) Adds a `connected_to` block method for switching connection roles or connecting to
+    a database that the model didn't connect to. Connecting to the database in this block is
+    useful when you have another defined connection, for example `slow_replica` that you don't
+    want to connect to by default but need in the console, or a specific code block.
 
-    Example:
+    ```
+    ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :reading) do
+      Dog.first # finds dog from replica connected to AnimalsBase
+      Book.first # doesn't have a reading connection, will raise an error
+    end
+    ```
 
-        class Guitar < ActiveRecord::Base
-          has_many :tuning_pegs, index_errors: true
-          accepts_nested_attributes_for :tuning_pegs
-        end
+    ```
+    ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(database: :slow_replica) do
+      SlowReplicaModel.first # if the db config has a slow_replica configuration this will be used to do the lookup, otherwise this will throw an exception
+    end
+    ```
 
-        class TuningPeg < ActiveRecord::Base
-          belongs_to :guitar
-          validates_numericality_of :pitch
-        end
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-        # Before
-        guitar.errors["tuning_pegs.pitch"] = ["is not a number"]
+*   Enum raises on invalid definition values
 
-        # After
-        guitar.errors["tuning_pegs[1].pitch"] = ["is not a number"]
+    When defining a Hash enum it can be easy to use `[]` instead of `{}`. This
+    commit checks that only valid definition values are provided, those can
+    be a Hash, an array of Symbols or an array of Strings. Otherwise it
+    raises an `ArgumentError`.
 
-    *Michael Probber*, *Terence Sun*
+    Fixes #33961
 
-*   Exit with non-zero status for failed database rake tasks.
+    *Alberto Almagro*
 
-    *Jay Hayes*
+*   Reloading associations now clears the Query Cache like `Persistence#reload` does.
 
-*   Queries such as `Computer.joins(:monitor).group(:status).count` will now be
-    interpreted as  `Computer.joins(:monitor).group('computers.status').count`
-    so that when `Computer` and `Monitor` have both `status` columns we don't
-    have conflicts in projection.
+    ```
+    class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
+      has_one :category
+      belongs_to :author
+      has_many :comments
+    end
+
+    # Each of the following will now clear the query cache.
+    post.reload_category
+    post.reload_author
+    post.comments.reload
+    ```
 
-    *Rafael Sales*
+    *Christophe Maximin*
 
-*   Add ability to default to `uuid` as primary key when generating database migrations.
+*   Added `index` option for `change_table` migration helpers.
+    With this change you can create indexes while adding new
+    columns into the existing tables.
 
     Example:
 
-        config.generators do |g|
-          g.orm :active_record, primary_key_type: :uuid
+        change_table(:languages) do |t|
+          t.string :country_code, index: true
         end
 
-    *Jon McCartie*
+    *Mehmet Emin İNAÇ*
 
-*   Don't cache arguments in `#find_by` if they are an `ActiveRecord::Relation`.
+*   Fix `transaction` reverting for migrations.
 
-    Fixes #20817.
+    Before: Commands inside a `transaction` in a reverted migration ran uninverted.
+    Now: This change fixes that by reverting commands inside `transaction` block.
 
-    *Hiroaki Izu*
+    *fatkodima*, *David Verhasselt*
 
-*   Qualify column name inserted by `group` in calculation.
+*   Raise an error instead of scanning the filesystem root when `fixture_path` is blank.
 
-    Giving `group` an unqualified column name now works, even if the relation
-    has `JOIN` with another table which also has a column of the name.
+    *Gannon McGibbon*, *Max Albrecht*
 
-    *Soutaro Matsumoto*
+*   Allow `ActiveRecord::Base.configurations=` to be set with a symbolized hash.
 
-*   Don't cache prepared statements containing an IN clause or a SQL literal, as
-    these queries will change often and are unlikely to have a cache hit.
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+*   Don't update counter cache unless the record is actually saved.
 
-*   Fix `rewhere` in a `has_many` association.
+    Fixes #31493, #33113, #33117.
 
-    Fixes #21955.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Josh Branchaud*, *Kal*
+*   Deprecate `ActiveRecord::Result#to_hash` in favor of `ActiveRecord::Result#to_a`.
 
-*   `where` raises ArgumentError on unsupported types.
+    *Gannon McGibbon*, *Kevin Cheng*
 
-    Fixes #20473.
+*   SQLite3 adapter supports expression indexes.
 
-    *Jake Worth*
+    ```
+    create_table :users do |t|
+      t.string :email
+    end
 
-*   Add an immutable string type to help reduce memory usage for apps which do
-    not need mutation detection on strings.
+    add_index :users, 'lower(email)', name: 'index_users_on_email', unique: true
+    ```
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    *Gray Kemmey*
 
-*   Give `ActiveRecord::Relation#update` its own deprecation warning when
-    passed an `ActiveRecord::Base` instance.
+*   Allow subclasses to redefine autosave callbacks for associated records.
 
-    Fixes #21945.
+    Fixes #33305.
 
-    *Ted Johansson*
+    *Andrey Subbota*
 
-*   Make it possible to pass `:to_table` when adding a foreign key through
-    `add_reference`.
+*   Bump minimum MySQL version to 5.5.8.
 
-    Fixes #21563.
+    *Yasuo Honda*
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+*   Use MySQL utf8mb4 character set by default.
 
-*   No longer pass deprecated option `-i` to `pg_dump`.
+    `utf8mb4` character set with 4-Byte encoding supports supplementary characters including emoji.
+    The previous default 3-Byte encoding character set `utf8` is not enough to support them.
 
-    *Paul Sadauskas*
+    *Yasuo Honda*
 
-*   Concurrent `AR::Base#increment!` and `#decrement!` on the same record
-    are all reflected in the database rather than overwriting each other.
+*   Fix duplicated record creation when using nested attributes with `create_with`.
 
-    *Bogdan Gusiev*
+    *Darwin Wu*
 
-*   Avoid leaking the first relation we call `first` on, per model.
+*   Configuration item `config.filter_parameters` could also filter out
+    sensitive values of database columns when calling `#inspect`.
+    We also added `ActiveRecord::Base::filter_attributes`/`=` in order to
+    specify sensitive attributes to specific model.
 
-    Fixes #21921.
+    ```
+    Rails.application.config.filter_parameters += [:credit_card_number, /phone/]
+    Account.last.inspect # => #<Account id: 123, name: "DHH", credit_card_number: [FILTERED], telephone_number: [FILTERED] ...>
+    SecureAccount.filter_attributes += [:name]
+    SecureAccount.last.inspect # => #<SecureAccount id: 42, name: [FILTERED], credit_card_number: [FILTERED] ...>
+    ```
 
-    *Matthew Draper*, *Jean Boussier*
+    *Zhang Kang*, *Yoshiyuki Kinjo*
 
-*   Remove unused `pk_and_sequence_for` in `AbstractMysqlAdapter`.
+*   Deprecate `column_name_length`, `table_name_length`, `columns_per_table`,
+    `indexes_per_table`, `columns_per_multicolumn_index`, `sql_query_length`,
+    and `joins_per_query` methods in `DatabaseLimits`.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Allow fixtures files to set the model class in the YAML file itself.
-
-    To load the fixtures file `accounts.yml` as the `User` model, use:
-
-        _fixture:
-          model_class: User
-        david:
-          name: David
-
-    Fixes #9516.
-
-    *Roque Pinel*
-
-*   Don't require a database connection to load a class which uses acceptance
-    validations.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Correctly apply `unscope` when preloading through associations.
+*   `ActiveRecord::Base.configurations` now returns an object.
 
-    *Jimmy Bourassa*
+    `ActiveRecord::Base.configurations` used to return a hash, but this
+    is an inflexible data model. In order to improve multiple-database
+    handling in Rails, we've changed this to return an object. Some methods
+    are provided to make the object behave hash-like in order to ease the
+    transition process. Since most applications don't manipulate the hash
+    we've decided to add backwards-compatible functionality that will throw
+    a deprecation warning if used, however calling `ActiveRecord::Base.configurations`
+    will use the new version internally and externally.
 
-*   Fixed taking precision into count when assigning a value to timestamp attribute.
+    For example, the following `database.yml`:
 
-    Timestamp column can have less precision than ruby timestamp
-    In result in how big a fraction of a second can be stored in the
-    database.
-
-
-        m = Model.create!
-        m.created_at.usec == m.reload.created_at.usec # => false
-        # due to different precision in Time.now and database column
+    ```
+    development:
+      adapter: sqlite3
+      database: db/development.sqlite3
+    ```
 
-    If the precision is low enough, (mysql default is 0, so it is always low
-    enough by default) the value changes when model is reloaded from the
-    database. This patch fixes that issue ensuring that any timestamp
-    assigned as an attribute is converted to column precision under the
-    attribute.
+    Used to become a hash:
 
-    *Bogdan Gusiev*
+    ```
+    { "development" => { "adapter" => "sqlite3", "database" => "db/development.sqlite3" } }
+    ```
 
-*   Introduce `connection.data_sources` and `connection.data_source_exists?`.
-    These methods determine what relations can be used to back Active Record
-    models (usually tables and views).
+    Is now converted into the following object:
 
-    Also deprecate `SchemaCache#tables`, `SchemaCache#table_exists?` and
-    `SchemaCache#clear_table_cache!` in favor of their new data source
-    counterparts.
+    ```
+    #<ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations:0x00007fd1acbdf800 @configurations=[
+      #<ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::HashConfig:0x00007fd1acbded10 @env_name="development",
+        @spec_name="primary", @config={"adapter"=>"sqlite3", "database"=>"db/development.sqlite3"}>
+      ]
+    ```
 
-    *Yves Senn*, *Matthew Draper*
+    Iterating over the database configurations has also changed. Instead of
+    calling hash methods on the `configurations` hash directly, a new method `configs_for` has
+    been provided that allows you to select the correct configuration. `env_name` and
+    `spec_name` arguments are optional. For example, these return an array of
+    database config objects for the requested environment and a single database config object
+    will be returned for the requested environment and specification name respectively.
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.ignored_columns` to make some columns
-    invisible from Active Record.
+    ```
+    ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "development")
+    ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "development", spec_name: "primary")
+    ```
 
-    *Jean Boussier*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *Aaron Patterson*
 
-*   `ActiveRecord::Tasks::MySQLDatabaseTasks` fails if shellout to
-    mysql commands (like `mysqldump`) is not successful.
+*   Add database configuration to disable advisory locks.
 
-    *Steve Mitchell*
+    ```
+    production:
+      adapter: postgresql
+      advisory_locks: false
+    ```
 
-*   Ensure `select` quotes aliased attributes, even when using `from`.
+    *Guo Xiang*
 
-    Fixes #21488.
+*   SQLite3 adapter `alter_table` method restores foreign keys.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*, *@johanlunds*
+    *Yasuo Honda*
 
-*   MySQL: support `unsigned` numeric data types.
+*   Allow `:to_table` option to `invert_remove_foreign_key`.
 
     Example:
 
-        create_table :foos do |t|
-          t.unsigned_integer :quantity
-          t.unsigned_bigint  :total
-          t.unsigned_float   :percentage
-          t.unsigned_decimal :price, precision: 10, scale: 2
-        end
-
-    The `unsigned: true` option may be used for the primary key:
-
-        create_table :foos, id: :bigint, unsigned: true do |t|
-          …
-        end
+       remove_foreign_key :accounts, to_table: :owners
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Nikolay Epifanov*, *Rich Chen*
 
-*   Add `#views` and `#view_exists?` methods on connection adapters.
+*   Add environment & load_config dependency to `bin/rake db:seed` to enable
+    seed load in environments without Rails and custom DB configuration
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Tobias Bielohlawek*
 
-*   Correctly dump composite primary key.
+*   Fix default value for mysql time types with specified precision.
 
-    Example:
+    *Nikolay Kondratyev*
 
-        create_table :barcodes, primary_key: ["region", "code"] do |t|
-          t.string :region
-          t.integer :code
-        end
+*   Fix `touch` option to behave consistently with `Persistence#touch` method.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Lookup the attribute name for `restrict_with_error` messages on the
-    model class that defines the association.
+*   Migrations raise when duplicate column definition.
 
-    *kuboon*, *Ronak Jangir*
+    Fixes #33024.
 
-*   Correct query for PostgreSQL 8.2 compatibility.
+    *Federico Martinez*
 
-    *Ben Murphy*, *Matthew Draper*
+*   Bump minimum SQLite version to 3.8
 
-*   `bin/rails db:migrate` uses
-    `ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.migrations_paths` instead of
-    `Migrator.migrations_paths`.
+    *Yasuo Honda*
 
-    *Tobias Bielohlawek*
+*   Fix parent record should not get saved with duplicate children records.
 
-*   Support dropping indexes concurrently in PostgreSQL.
+    Fixes #32940.
 
-    See http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.4/static/sql-dropindex.html for more
-    details.
+    *Santosh Wadghule*
 
-    *Grey Baker*
+*   Fix logic on disabling commit callbacks so they are not called unexpectedly when errors occur.
 
-*   Deprecate passing conditions to `ActiveRecord::Relation#delete_all`
-    and `ActiveRecord::Relation#destroy_all`.
+    *Brian Durand*
 
-    *Wojciech Wnętrzak*
+*   Ensure `Associations::CollectionAssociation#size` and `Associations::CollectionAssociation#empty?`
+    use loaded association ids if present.
 
-*   Instantiating an AR model with `ActionController::Parameters` now raises
-    an `ActiveModel::ForbiddenAttributesError` if the parameters include a
-    `type` field that has not been explicitly permitted. Previously, the
-    `type` field was simply ignored in the same situation.
+    *Graham Turner*
 
-    *Prem Sichanugrist*
+*   Add support to preload associations of polymorphic associations when not all the records have the requested associations.
 
-*   PostgreSQL, `create_schema`, `drop_schema` and `rename_table` now quote
-    schema names.
+    *Dana Sherson*
 
-    Fixes #21418.
+*   Add `touch_all` method to `ActiveRecord::Relation`.
 
     Example:
 
-        create_schema("my.schema")
-        # CREATE SCHEMA "my.schema";
-
-    *Yves Senn*
+        Person.where(name: "David").touch_all(time: Time.new(2020, 5, 16, 0, 0, 0))
 
-*   PostgreSQL, add `:if_exists` option to `#drop_schema`. This makes it
-    possible to drop a schema that might exist without raising an exception if
-    it doesn't.
+    *fatkodima*, *duggiefresh*
 
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   Only try to nullify has_one target association if the record is persisted.
-
-    Fixes #21223.
-
-    *Agis Anastasopoulos*
-
-*   Uniqueness validator raises descriptive error when running on a persisted
-    record without primary key.
-
-    Fixes #21304.
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   Add a native JSON data type support in MySQL.
-
-    Example:
-
-        create_table :json_data_type do |t|
-          t.json :settings
-        end
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   Descriptive error message when fixtures contain a missing column.
-
-    Fixes #21201.
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   `ActiveRecord::Tasks::PostgreSQLDatabaseTasks` fail if shellout to
-    postgresql commands (like `pg_dump`) is not successful.
-
-    *Bryan Paxton*, *Nate Berkopec*
-
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Relation#in_batches` to work with records and relations
-    in batches.
-
-    Available options are `of` (batch size), `load`, `start`, and `finish`.
-
-    Examples:
-
-        Person.in_batches.each_record(&:party_all_night!)
-        Person.in_batches.update_all(awesome: true)
-        Person.in_batches.delete_all
-        Person.in_batches.each do |relation|
-          relation.delete_all
-          sleep 10 # Throttles the delete queries
-        end
-
-    Fixes #20933.
-
-    *Sina Siadat*
-
-*   Added methods for PostgreSQL geometric data types to use in migrations.
-
-    Example:
-
-        create_table :foo do |t|
-          t.line :foo_line
-          t.lseg :foo_lseg
-          t.box :foo_box
-          t.path :foo_path
-          t.polygon :foo_polygon
-          t.circle :foo_circle
-        end
-
-    *Mehmet Emin İNAÇ*
-
-*   Add `cache_key` to `ActiveRecord::Relation`.
-
-    Example:
-
-        @users = User.where("name like ?", "%Alberto%")
-        @users.cache_key
-        # => "/users/query-5942b155a43b139f2471b872ac54251f-3-20150714212107656125000"
-
-    *Alberto Fernández-Capel*
-
-*   Properly allow uniqueness validations on primary keys.
-
-    Fixes #20966.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*, *presskey*
-
-*   Don't raise an error if an association failed to destroy when `destroy` was
-    called on the parent (as opposed to `destroy!`).
-
-    Fixes #20991.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   `ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound` modified to store model name, primary_key and
-    id of the caller model. It allows the catcher of this exception to make
-    a better decision to what to do with it.
-
-    Example:
-
-        class SomeAbstractController < ActionController::Base
-          rescue_from ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, with: :redirect_to_404
-
-          private def redirect_to_404(e)
-            return redirect_to(posts_url) if e.model == 'Post'
-            raise
-          end
-        end
-
-    *Sameer Rahmani*
-
-*   Deprecate the keys for association `restrict_dependent_destroy` errors in favor
-    of new key names.
-
-    Previously `has_one` and `has_many` associations were using the
-    `one` and `many` keys respectively. Both of these keys have special
-    meaning in I18n (they are considered to be pluralizations) so by
-    renaming them to `has_one` and `has_many` we make the messages more explicit
-    and most importantly they don't clash with linguistical systems that need to
-    validate translation keys (and their pluralizations).
-
-    The `:'restrict_dependent_destroy.one'` key should be replaced with
-    `:'restrict_dependent_destroy.has_one'`, and `:'restrict_dependent_destroy.many'`
-    with `:'restrict_dependent_destroy.has_many'`.
-
-    *Roque Pinel*, *Christopher Dell*
-
-*   Fix state being carried over from previous transaction.
-
-    Considering the following example where `name` is a required attribute.
-    Before we had `new_record?` returning `true` for a persisted record:
-
-        author = Author.create! name: 'foo'
-        author.name = nil
-        author.save        # => false
-        author.new_record? # => true
-
-    Fixes #20824.
-
-    *Roque Pinel*
-
-*   Correctly ignore `mark_for_destruction` when `autosave` isn't set to `true`
-    when validating associations.
-
-    Fixes #20882.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Fix a bug where counter_cache doesn't always work with polymorphic
-    relations.
-
-    Fixes #16407.
-
-    *Stefan Kanev*, *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Ensure that cyclic associations with autosave don't cause duplicate errors
-    to be added to the parent record.
-
-    Fixes #20874.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Ensure that `ActionController::Parameters` can still be passed to nested
-    attributes.
-
-    Fixes #20922.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Deprecate force association reload by passing a truthy argument to
-    association method.
-
-    For collection association, you can call `#reload` on association proxy to
-    force a reload:
-
-        @user.posts.reload   # Instead of @user.posts(true)
-
-    For singular association, you can call `#reload` on the parent object to
-    clear its association cache then call the association method:
-
-        @user.reload.profile   # Instead of @user.profile(true)
-
-    Passing a truthy argument to force association to reload will be removed in
-    Rails 5.1.
-
-    *Prem Sichanugrist*
-
-*   Replaced `ActiveSupport::Concurrency::Latch` with `Concurrent::CountDownLatch`
-    from the concurrent-ruby gem.
-
-    *Jerry D'Antonio*
-
-*   Fix through associations using scopes having the scope merged multiple
-    times.
-
-    Fixes #20721.
-    Fixes #20727.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   `ActiveRecord::Base.dump_schema_after_migration` applies migration tasks
-    other than `db:migrate`. (eg. `db:rollback`, `db:migrate:dup`, ...)
-
-    Fixes #20743.
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   Add alternate syntax to make `change_column_default` reversible.
-
-    User can pass in `:from` and `:to` to make `change_column_default` command
-    become reversible.
-
-    Example:
-
-        change_column_default :posts, :status, from: nil, to: "draft"
-        change_column_default :users, :authorized, from: true, to: false
-
-    *Prem Sichanugrist*
-
-*   Prevent error when using `force_reload: true` on an unassigned polymorphic
-    belongs_to association.
-
-    Fixes #20426.
-
-    *James Dabbs*
-
-*   Correctly raise `ActiveRecord::AssociationTypeMismatch` when assigning
-    a wrong type to a namespaced association.
-
-    Fixes #20545.
-
-    *Diego Carrion*
-
-*   `validates_absence_of` respects `marked_for_destruction?`.
-
-    Fixes #20449.
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   Include the `Enumerable` module in `ActiveRecord::Relation`
-
-    *Sean Griffin*, *bogdan*
-
-*   Use `Enumerable#sum` in `ActiveRecord::Relation` if a block is given.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Let `WITH` queries (Common Table Expressions) be explainable.
-
-    *Vladimir Kochnev*
-
-*   Make `remove_index :table, :column` reversible.
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   Fixed an error which would occur in dirty checking when calling
-    `update_attributes` from a getter.
-
-    Fixes #20531.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Make `remove_foreign_key` reversible. Any foreign key options must be
-    specified, similar to `remove_column`.
-
-    *Aster Ryan*
-
-*   Add `:_prefix` and `:_suffix` options to `enum` definition.
-
-    Fixes #17511, #17415.
-
-    *Igor Kapkov*
-
-*   Correctly handle decimal arrays with defaults in the schema dumper.
-
-    Fixes #20515.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*, *jmondo*
-
-*   Deprecate the PostgreSQL `:point` type in favor of a new one which will return
-    `Point` objects instead of an `Array`
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Ensure symbols passed to `ActiveRecord::Relation#select` are always treated
-    as columns.
-
-    Fixes #20360.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Do not set `sql_mode` if `strict: :default` is specified.
-
-        # config/database.yml
-        production:
-          adapter: mysql2
-          database: foo_prod
-          user: foo
-          strict: :default
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   Allow proc defaults to be passed to the attributes API. See documentation
-    for examples.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*, *Kir Shatrov*
-
-*   SQLite: `:collation` support for string and text columns.
-
-    Example:
-
-        create_table :foo do |t|
-          t.string :string_nocase, collation: 'NOCASE'
-          t.text :text_rtrim, collation: 'RTRIM'
-        end
-
-        add_column :foo, :title, :string, collation: 'RTRIM'
-
-        change_column :foo, :title, :string, collation: 'NOCASE'
-
-    *Akshay Vishnoi*
-
-*   Allow the use of symbols or strings to specify enum values in test
-    fixtures:
-
-        awdr:
-          title: "Agile Web Development with Rails"
-          status: :proposed
-
-    *George Claghorn*
-
-*   Clear query cache when `ActiveRecord::Base#reload` is called.
-
-    *Shane Hender, Pierre Nespo*
-
-*   Include stored procedures and function on the MySQL structure dump.
-
-    *Jonathan Worek*
-
-*   Pass `:extend` option for `has_and_belongs_to_many` associations to the
-    underlying `has_many :through`.
-
-    *Jaehyun Shin*
-
-*   Deprecate `Relation#uniq` use `Relation#distinct` instead.
-
-    See #9683.
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   Allow single table inheritance instantiation to work when storing
-    demodulized class names.
-
-    *Alex Robbin*
-
-*   Correctly pass MySQL options when using `structure_dump` or
-    `structure_load`.
-
-    Specifically, it fixes an issue when using SSL authentication.
-
-    *Alex Coomans*
-
-*   Correctly dump `:options` on `create_table` for MySQL.
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   PostgreSQL: `:collation` support for string and text columns.
-
-    Example:
-
-        create_table :foos do |t|
-          t.string :string_en, collation: 'en_US.UTF-8'
-          t.text   :text_ja,   collation: 'ja_JP.UTF-8'
-        end
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   Remove `ActiveRecord::Serialization::XmlSerializer` from core.
-
-    *Zachary Scott*
-
-*   Make `unscope` aware of "less than" and "greater than" conditions.
-
-    *TAKAHASHI Kazuaki*
-
-*   `find_by` and `find_by!` raise `ArgumentError` when called without
-    arguments.
-
-    *Kohei Suzuki*
-
-*   Revert behavior of `db:schema:load` back to loading the full
-    environment. This ensures that initializers are run.
-
-    Fixes #19545.
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   Fix missing index when using `timestamps` with the `index` option.
-
-    The `index` option used with `timestamps` should be passed to both
-    `column` definitions for `created_at` and `updated_at` rather than just
-    the first.
-
-    *Paul Mucur*
-
-*   Rename `:class` to `:anonymous_class` in association options.
-
-    Fixes #19659.
-
-    *Andrew White*
-
-*   Autosave existing records on a has many through association when the parent
-    is new.
-
-    Fixes #19782.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Fixed a bug where uniqueness validations would error on out of range values,
-    even if an validation should have prevented it from hitting the database.
-
-    *Andrey Voronkov*
-
-*   MySQL: `:charset` and `:collation` support for string and text columns.
-
-    Example:
-
-        create_table :foos do |t|
-          t.string :string_utf8_bin, charset: 'utf8', collation: 'utf8_bin'
-          t.text   :text_ascii,      charset: 'ascii'
-        end
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   Foreign key related methods in the migration DSL respect
-    `ActiveRecord::Base.pluralize_table_names = false`.
-
-    Fixes #19643.
-
-    *Mehmet Emin İNAÇ*
-
-*   Reduce memory usage from loading types on PostgreSQL.
-
-    Fixes #19578.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Add `config.active_record.warn_on_records_fetched_greater_than` option.
-
-    When set to an integer, a warning will be logged whenever a result set
-    larger than the specified size is returned by a query.
-
-    Fixes #16463.
-
-    *Jason Nochlin*
-
-*   Ignore `.psqlrc` when loading database structure.
-
-    *Jason Weathered*
-
-*   Fix referencing wrong table aliases while joining tables of has many through
-    association (only when calling calculation methods).
-
-    Fixes #19276.
-
-    *pinglamb*
-
-*   Correctly persist a serialized attribute that has been returned to
-    its default value by an in-place modification.
-
-    Fixes #19467.
-
-    *Matthew Draper*
-
-*   Fix generating the schema file when using PostgreSQL `BigInt[]` data type.
-    Previously the `limit: 8` was not coming through, and this caused it to
-    become `Int[]` data type after rebuilding from the schema.
-
-    Fixes #19420.
-
-    *Jake Waller*
-
-*   Reuse the `CollectionAssociation#reader` cache when the foreign key is
-    available prior to save.
-
-    *Ben Woosley*
-
-*   Add `config.active_record.dump_schemas` to fix `db:structure:dump`
-    when using schema_search_path and PostgreSQL extensions.
-
-    Fixes #17157.
-
-    *Ryan Wallace*
-
-*   Renaming `use_transactional_fixtures` to `use_transactional_tests` for clarity.
-
-    Fixes #18864.
-
-    *Brandon Weiss*
-
-*   Increase pg gem version requirement to `~> 0.18`. Earlier versions of the
-    pg gem are known to have problems with Ruby 2.2.
-
-    *Matt Brictson*
-
-*   Correctly dump `serial` and `bigserial`.
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   Fix default `format` value in `ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks#schema_file`.
-
-    *James Cox*
-
-*   Don't enroll records in the transaction if they don't have commit callbacks.
-    This was causing a memory leak when creating many records inside a transaction.
-
-    Fixes #15549.
-
-    *Will Bryant*, *Aaron Patterson*
-
-*   Correctly create through records when created on a has many through
-    association when using `where`.
-
-    Fixes #19073.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Add `SchemaMigration.create_table` support for any unicode charsets with MySQL.
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   PostgreSQL no longer disables user triggers if system triggers can't be
-    disabled. Disabling user triggers does not fulfill what the method promises.
-    Rails currently requires superuser privileges for this method.
-
-    If you absolutely rely on this behavior, consider patching
-    `disable_referential_integrity`.
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   Restore aborted transaction state when `disable_referential_integrity` fails
-    due to missing permissions.
-
-    *Toby Ovod-Everett*, *Yves Senn*
-
-*   In PostgreSQL, print a warning message if `disable_referential_integrity`
-    fails due to missing permissions.
-
-    *Andrey Nering*, *Yves Senn*
-
-*   Allow a `:limit` option for MySQL bigint primary key support.
-
-    Example:
-
-        create_table :foos, id: :primary_key, limit: 8 do |t|
-        end
-
-        # or
-
-        create_table :foos, id: false do |t|
-          t.primary_key :id, limit: 8
-        end
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   `belongs_to` will now trigger a validation error by default if the association is not present.
-    You can turn this off on a per-association basis with `optional: true`.
-    (Note this new default only applies to new Rails apps that will be generated with
-    `config.active_record.belongs_to_required_by_default = true` in initializer.)
-
-    *Josef Šimánek*
-
-*   Fixed `ActiveRecord::Relation#becomes!` and `changed_attributes` issues for type
-    columns.
-
-    Fixes #17139.
-
-    *Miklos Fazekas*
-
-*   Format the time string according to the precision of the time column.
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   Allow a `:precision` option for time type columns.
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.suppress` to prevent the receiver from being saved
-    during the given block.
-
-    For example, here's a pattern of creating notifications when new comments
-    are posted. (The notification may in turn trigger an email, a push
-    notification, or just appear in the UI somewhere):
-
-        class Comment < ActiveRecord::Base
-          belongs_to :commentable, polymorphic: true
-          after_create -> { Notification.create! comment: self,
-            recipients: commentable.recipients }
-        end
-
-    That's what you want the bulk of the time. A new comment creates a new
-    Notification. There may be edge cases where you don't want that, like
-    when copying a commentable and its comments, in which case write a
-    concern with something like this:
-
-        module Copyable
-          def copy_to(destination)
-            Notification.suppress do
-              # Copy logic that creates new comments that we do not want triggering
-              # notifications.
-            end
-          end
-        end
-
-    *Michael Ryan*
-
-*   `:time` option added for `#touch`.
-
-    Fixes #18905.
-
-    *Hyonjee Joo*
-
-*   Add `foreign_key_exists?` method.
-
-    *Tõnis Simo*
-
-*   Use SQL COUNT and LIMIT 1 queries for `none?` and `one?` methods
-    if no block or limit is given, instead of loading the entire
-    collection into memory. This applies to relations (e.g. `User.all`)
-    as well as associations (e.g. `account.users`)
-
-        # Before:
-
-        users.none?
-        # SELECT "users".* FROM "users"
-
-        users.one?
-        # SELECT "users".* FROM "users"
-
-        # After:
-
-        users.none?
-        # SELECT 1 AS one FROM "users" LIMIT 1
-
-        users.one?
-        # SELECT COUNT(*) FROM "users"
-
-    *Eugene Gilburg*
-
-*   Have `enum` perform type casting consistently with the rest of Active
-    Record, such as `where`.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   `scoping` no longer pollutes the current scope of sibling classes when using
-    STI.
-
-    Fixes #18806.
-
-    Example:
-
-        StiOne.none.scoping do
-          StiTwo.all
-        end
-
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   `remove_reference` with `foreign_key: true` removes the foreign key before
-    removing the column. This fixes a bug where it was not possible to remove
-    the column on MySQL.
-
-    Fixes #18664.
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   `find_in_batches` now accepts an `:finish` parameter that complements the `:start`
-     parameter to specify where to stop batch processing.
-
-    *Vipul A M*
-
-*   Fix a rounding problem for PostgreSQL timestamp columns.
-
-    If a timestamp column has a precision specified, it needs to
-    format according to that.
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   Respect the database default charset for `schema_migrations` table.
-
-    The charset of `version` column in `schema_migrations` table depends
-    on the database default charset and collation rather than the encoding
-    of the connection.
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   Raise `ArgumentError` when passing `nil` or `false` to `Relation#merge`.
-
-    These are not valid values to merge in a relation, so it should warn users
-    early.
-
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
-
-*   Use `SCHEMA` instead of `DB_STRUCTURE` for specifying a structure file.
-
-    This makes the `db:structure` tasks consistent with `test:load_structure`.
-
-    *Dieter Komendera*
-
-*   Respect custom primary keys for associations when calling `Relation#where`
-
-    Fixes #18813.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Fix several edge cases which could result in a counter cache updating
-    twice or not updating at all for `has_many` and `has_many :through`.
-
-    Fixes #10865.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Foreign keys added by migrations were given random, generated names. This
-    meant a different `structure.sql` would be generated every time a developer
-    ran migrations on their machine.
-
-    The generated part of foreign key names is now a hash of the table name and
-    column name, which is consistent every time you run the migration.
-
-    *Chris Sinjakli*
-
-*   Fix n+1 query problem when eager loading nil associations (fixes #18312)
-
-    *Sammy Larbi*
-
-*   Change the default error message from `can't be blank` to `must exist` for
-    the presence validator of the `:required` option on `belongs_to`/`has_one`
-    associations.
-
-    *Henrik Nygren*
-
-*   Fixed `ActiveRecord::Relation#group` method when an argument is an SQL
-    reserved keyword:
-
-    Example:
-
-        SplitTest.group(:key).count
-        Property.group(:value).count
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.base_class?` predicate.
 
     *Bogdan Gusiev*
 
-*   Added the `#or` method on `ActiveRecord::Relation`, allowing use of the OR
-    operator to combine WHERE or HAVING clauses.
-
-    Example:
-
-        Post.where('id = 1').or(Post.where('id = 2'))
-        # => SELECT * FROM posts WHERE (id = 1) OR (id = 2)
-
-    *Sean Griffin*, *Matthew Draper*, *Gael Muller*, *Olivier El Mekki*
-
-*   Don't define autosave association callbacks twice from
-    `accepts_nested_attributes_for`.
-
-    Fixes #18704.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Integer types will no longer raise a `RangeError` when assigning an
-    attribute, but will instead raise when going to the database.
-
-    Fixes several vague issues which were never reported directly. See the
-    commit message from the commit which added this line for some examples.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Values which would error while being sent to the database (such as an
-    ASCII-8BIT string with invalid UTF-8 bytes on SQLite3), no longer error on
-    assignment. They will still error when sent to the database, but you are
-    given the ability to re-assign it to a valid value.
-
-    Fixes #18580.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Don't remove join dependencies in `Relation#exists?`
-
-    Fixes #18632.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Invalid values assigned to a JSON column are assumed to be `nil`.
-
-    Fixes #18629.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base#accessed_fields`, which can be used to quickly
-    discover which fields were read from a model when you are looking to only
-    select the data you need from the database.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Introduce the `:if_exists` option for `drop_table`.
-
-    Example:
-
-        drop_table(:posts, if_exists: true)
-
-    That would execute:
-
-        DROP TABLE IF EXISTS posts
-
-    If the table doesn't exist, `if_exists: false` (the default) raises an
-    exception whereas `if_exists: true` does nothing.
-
-    *Cody Cutrer*, *Stefan Kanev*, *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   Don't run SQL if attribute value is not changed for update_attribute method.
-
-    *Prathamesh Sonpatki*
-
-*   `time` columns can now get affected by `time_zone_aware_attributes`. If you have
-    set `config.time_zone` to a value other than `'UTC'`, they will be treated
-    as in that time zone by default in Rails 5.1. If this is not the desired
-    behavior, you can set
-
-        ActiveRecord::Base.time_zone_aware_types = [:datetime]
-
-    A deprecation warning will be emitted if you have a `:time` column, and have
-    not explicitly opted out.
-
-    Fixes #3145.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Tests now run after_commit callbacks. You no longer have to declare
-    `uses_transaction ‘test name’` to test the results of an after_commit.
-
-    after_commit callbacks run after committing a transaction whose parent
-    is not `joinable?`: un-nested transactions, transactions within test cases,
-    and transactions in `console --sandbox`.
-
-    *arthurnn*, *Ravil Bayramgalin*, *Matthew Draper*
-
-*   `nil` as a value for a binary column in a query no longer logs as
-    "<NULL binary data>", and instead logs as just "nil".
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   `attribute_will_change!` will no longer cause non-persistable attributes to
-    be sent to the database.
-
-    Fixes #18407.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Remove support for the `protected_attributes` gem.
-
-    *Carlos Antonio da Silva*, *Roberto Miranda*
-
-*   Fix accessing of fixtures having non-string labels like Fixnum.
-
-    *Prathamesh Sonpatki*
-
-*   Remove deprecated support to preload instance-dependent associations.
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   Remove deprecated support for PostgreSQL ranges with exclusive lower bounds.
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   Remove deprecation when modifying a relation with cached Arel.
-    This raises an `ImmutableRelation` error instead.
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   Added `ActiveRecord::SecureToken` in order to encapsulate generation of
-    unique tokens for attributes in a model using `SecureRandom`.
-
-    *Roberto Miranda*
-
-*   Change the behavior of boolean columns to be closer to Ruby's semantics.
-
-    Before this change we had a small set of "truthy", and all others are "falsy".
-
-    Now, we have a small set of "falsy" values and all others are "truthy" matching
-    Ruby's semantics.
-
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
-
-*   Deprecate `ActiveRecord::Base.errors_in_transactional_callbacks=`.
-
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
-
-*   Change transaction callbacks to not swallow errors.
-
-    Before this change any errors raised inside a transaction callback
-    were getting rescued and printed in the logs.
-
-    Now these errors are not rescued anymore and just bubble up, as the other callbacks.
-
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
-
-*   Remove deprecated `sanitize_sql_hash_for_conditions`.
-
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
-
-*   Remove deprecated `Reflection#source_macro`.
-
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
-
-*   Remove deprecated `symbolized_base_class` and `symbolized_sti_name`.
-
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
-
-*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Base.disable_implicit_join_references=`.
-
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
-
-*   Remove deprecated access to connection specification using a string accessor.
-
-    Now all strings will be handled as a URL.
-
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
-
-*   Change the default `null` value for `timestamps` to `false`.
-
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
-
-*   Return an array of pools from `connection_pools`.
-
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
-
-*   Return a null column from `column_for_attribute` when no column exists.
-
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
-
-*   Remove deprecated `serialized_attributes`.
-
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
-
-*   Remove deprecated automatic counter caches on `has_many :through`.
-
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
-
-*   Change the way in which callback chains can be halted.
-
-    The preferred method to halt a callback chain from now on is to explicitly
-    `throw(:abort)`.
-    In the past, returning `false` in an Active Record `before_` callback had the
-    side effect of halting the callback chain.
-    This is not recommended anymore and, depending on the value of the
-    `ActiveSupport.halt_callback_chains_on_return_false` option, will
-    either not work at all or display a deprecation warning.
-
-    *claudiob*
-
-*   Clear query cache on rollback.
-
-    *Florian Weingarten*
-
-*   Fix setting of foreign_key for through associations when building a new record.
-
-    Fixes #12698.
-
-    *Ivan Antropov*
-
-*   Improve dumping of the primary key. If it is not a default primary key,
-    correctly dump the type and options.
-
-    Fixes #14169, #16599.
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   Format the datetime string according to the precision of the datetime field.
-
-    Incompatible to rounding behavior between MySQL 5.6 and earlier.
-
-    In 5.5, when you insert `2014-08-17 12:30:00.999999` the fractional part
-    is ignored. In 5.6, it's rounded to `2014-08-17 12:30:01`:
-
-    http://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=68760
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   Allow a precision option for MySQL datetimes.
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   Fixed automatic `inverse_of` for models nested in a module.
-
-    *Andrew McCloud*
-
-*   Change `ActiveRecord::Relation#update` behavior so that it can
-    be called without passing ids of the records to be updated.
-
-    This change allows updating multiple records returned by
-    `ActiveRecord::Relation` with callbacks and validations.
-
-        # Before
-        # ArgumentError: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)
-        Comment.where(group: 'expert').update(body: "Group of Rails Experts")
-
-        # After
-        # Comments with group expert updated with body "Group of Rails Experts"
-        Comment.where(group: 'expert').update(body: "Group of Rails Experts")
-
-    *Prathamesh Sonpatki*
-
-*   Fix `reaping_frequency` option when the value is a string.
-
-    This usually happens when it is configured using `DATABASE_URL`.
-
-    *korbin*
-
-*   Fix error message when trying to create an associated record and the foreign
-    key is missing.
-
-    Before this fix the following exception was being raised:
-
-        NoMethodError: undefined method `val' for #<Arel::Nodes::BindParam:0x007fc64d19c218>
-
-    Now the message is:
-
-        ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError: unknown attribute 'foreign_key' for Model.
-
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
-
-*   Fix change detection problem for PostgreSQL bytea type and
-    `ArgumentError: string contains null byte` exception with pg-0.18.
-
-    Fixes #17680.
-
-    *Lars Kanis*
-
-*   When a table has a composite primary key, the `primary_key` method for
-    SQLite3 and PostgreSQL adapters was only returning the first field of the key.
-    Ensures that it will return nil instead, as Active Record doesn't support
-    composite primary keys.
-
-    Fixes #18070.
-
-    *arthurnn*
-
-*   `validates_size_of` / `validates_length_of` do not count records
-    which are `marked_for_destruction?`.
-
-    Fixes #7247.
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   Ensure `first!` and friends work on loaded associations.
-
-    Fixes #18237.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   `eager_load` preserves readonly flag for associations.
-
-    Fixes #15853.
-
-    *Takashi Kokubun*
-
-*   Provide `:touch` option to `save()` to accommodate saving without updating
-    timestamps.
-
-    Fixes #18202.
-
-    *Dan Olson*
-
-*   Provide a more helpful error message when an unsupported class is passed to
-    `serialize`.
-
-    Fixes #18224.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Add bigint primary key support for MySQL.
-
-    Example:
-
-        create_table :foos, id: :bigint do |t|
-        end
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   Support for any type of primary key.
-
-    Fixes #14194.
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   Dump the default `nil` for PostgreSQL UUID primary key.
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   Add a `:foreign_key` option to `references` and associated migration
-    methods. The model and migration generators now use this option, rather than
-    the `add_foreign_key` form.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Don't raise when writing an attribute with an out-of-range datetime passed
-    by the user.
-
-    *Grey Baker*
-
-*   Replace deprecated `ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks#load_schema` with
-    `ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks#load_schema_for`.
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   Fix bug with `ActiveRecord::Type::Numeric` that caused negative values to
-    be marked as having changed when set to the same negative value.
-
-    Fixes #18161.
-
-    *Daniel Fox*
-
-*   Introduce `force: :cascade` option for `create_table`. Using this option
-    will recreate tables even if they have dependent objects (like foreign keys).
-    `db/schema.rb` now uses `force: :cascade`. This makes it possible to
-    reload the schema when foreign keys are in place.
-
-    *Matthew Draper*, *Yves Senn*
-
-*   `db:schema:load` and `db:structure:load` no longer purge the database
-    before loading the schema. This is left for the user to do.
-    `db:test:prepare` will still purge the database.
-
-    Fixes #17945.
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   Fix undesirable RangeError by `Type::Integer`. Add `Type::UnsignedInteger`.
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   Add `foreign_type` option to `has_one` and `has_many` association macros.
+*   Add custom prefix/suffix options to `ActiveRecord::Store.store_accessor`.
 
-    This option enables to define the column name of associated object's type for polymorphic associations.
+    *Tan Huynh*, *Yukio Mizuta*
 
-    *Ulisses Almeida*, *Kassio Borges*
+*   Rails 6 requires Ruby 2.5.0 or newer.
 
-*   Remove deprecated behavior allowing nested arrays to be passed as query
-    values.
+    *Jeremy Daer*, *Kasper Timm Hansen*
 
-    *Melanie Gilman*
+*   Deprecate `update_attributes`/`!` in favor of `update`/`!`.
 
-*   Deprecate passing a class as a value in a query. Users should pass strings
-    instead.
+    *Eddie Lebow*
 
-    *Melanie Gilman*
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.create_or_find_by`/`!` to deal with the SELECT/INSERT race condition in
+    `ActiveRecord::Base.find_or_create_by`/`!` by leaning on unique constraints in the database.
 
-*   `add_timestamps` and `remove_timestamps` now properly reversible with
-    options.
+    *DHH*
 
-    *Noam Gagliardi-Rabinovich*
+*   Add `Relation#pick` as short-hand for single-value plucks.
 
-*   `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ColumnDumper#column_spec` and
-    `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ColumnDumper#prepare_column_options` no
-    longer have a `types` argument. They should access
-    `connection#native_database_types` directly.
+    *DHH*
 
-    *Yves Senn*
 
-Please check [4-2-stable](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-2-stable/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md) for previous changes.
+Please check [5-2-stable](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/5-2-stable/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md) for previous changes.