activerecord 4.2.9 → 5.2.8

data/lib/active_record/migration.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "set"
+require "zlib"
 require "active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors"
-require 'set'
 
 module ActiveRecord
   class MigrationError < ActiveRecordError#:nodoc:
@@ -9,40 +12,171 @@ module ActiveRecord
     end
   end
 
-  # Exception that can be raised to stop migrations from going backwards.
+  # Exception that can be raised to stop migrations from being rolled back.
+  # For example the following migration is not reversible.
+  # Rolling back this migration will raise an ActiveRecord::IrreversibleMigration error.
+  #
+  #   class IrreversibleMigrationExample < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
+  #     def change
+  #       create_table :distributors do |t|
+  #         t.string :zipcode
+  #       end
+  #
+  #       execute <<-SQL
+  #         ALTER TABLE distributors
+  #           ADD CONSTRAINT zipchk
+  #             CHECK (char_length(zipcode) = 5) NO INHERIT;
+  #       SQL
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # There are two ways to mitigate this problem.
+  #
+  # 1. Define <tt>#up</tt> and <tt>#down</tt> methods instead of <tt>#change</tt>:
+  #
+  #  class ReversibleMigrationExample < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
+  #    def up
+  #      create_table :distributors do |t|
+  #        t.string :zipcode
+  #      end
+  #
+  #      execute <<-SQL
+  #        ALTER TABLE distributors
+  #          ADD CONSTRAINT zipchk
+  #            CHECK (char_length(zipcode) = 5) NO INHERIT;
+  #      SQL
+  #    end
+  #
+  #    def down
+  #      execute <<-SQL
+  #        ALTER TABLE distributors
+  #          DROP CONSTRAINT zipchk
+  #      SQL
+  #
+  #      drop_table :distributors
+  #    end
+  #  end
+  #
+  # 2. Use the #reversible method in <tt>#change</tt> method:
+  #
+  #   class ReversibleMigrationExample < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
+  #     def change
+  #       create_table :distributors do |t|
+  #         t.string :zipcode
+  #       end
+  #
+  #       reversible do |dir|
+  #         dir.up do
+  #           execute <<-SQL
+  #             ALTER TABLE distributors
+  #               ADD CONSTRAINT zipchk
+  #                 CHECK (char_length(zipcode) = 5) NO INHERIT;
+  #           SQL
+  #         end
+  #
+  #         dir.down do
+  #           execute <<-SQL
+  #             ALTER TABLE distributors
+  #               DROP CONSTRAINT zipchk
+  #           SQL
+  #         end
+  #       end
+  #     end
+  #   end
   class IrreversibleMigration < MigrationError
   end
 
   class DuplicateMigrationVersionError < MigrationError#:nodoc:
-    def initialize(version)
-      super("Multiple migrations have the version number #{version}")
+    def initialize(version = nil)
+      if version
+        super("Multiple migrations have the version number #{version}.")
+      else
+        super("Duplicate migration version error.")
+      end
     end
   end
 
   class DuplicateMigrationNameError < MigrationError#:nodoc:
-    def initialize(name)
-      super("Multiple migrations have the name #{name}")
+    def initialize(name = nil)
+      if name
+        super("Multiple migrations have the name #{name}.")
+      else
+        super("Duplicate migration name.")
+      end
     end
   end
 
   class UnknownMigrationVersionError < MigrationError #:nodoc:
-    def initialize(version)
-      super("No migration with version number #{version}")
+    def initialize(version = nil)
+      if version
+        super("No migration with version number #{version}.")
+      else
+        super("Unknown migration version.")
+      end
     end
   end
 
   class IllegalMigrationNameError < MigrationError#:nodoc:
-    def initialize(name)
-      super("Illegal name for migration file: #{name}\n\t(only lower case letters, numbers, and '_' allowed)")
+    def initialize(name = nil)
+      if name
+        super("Illegal name for migration file: #{name}\n\t(only lower case letters, numbers, and '_' allowed).")
+      else
+        super("Illegal name for migration.")
+      end
     end
   end
 
   class PendingMigrationError < MigrationError#:nodoc:
+    def initialize(message = nil)
+      if !message && defined?(Rails.env)
+        super("Migrations are pending. To resolve this issue, run:\n\n        bin/rails db:migrate RAILS_ENV=#{::Rails.env}")
+      elsif !message
+        super("Migrations are pending. To resolve this issue, run:\n\n        bin/rails db:migrate")
+      else
+        super
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  class ConcurrentMigrationError < MigrationError #:nodoc:
+    DEFAULT_MESSAGE = "Cannot run migrations because another migration process is currently running.".freeze
+    RELEASE_LOCK_FAILED_MESSAGE = "Failed to release advisory lock".freeze
+
+    def initialize(message = DEFAULT_MESSAGE)
+      super
+    end
+  end
+
+  class NoEnvironmentInSchemaError < MigrationError #:nodoc:
     def initialize
+      msg = "Environment data not found in the schema. To resolve this issue, run: \n\n        bin/rails db:environment:set"
       if defined?(Rails.env)
-        super("Migrations are pending. To resolve this issue, run:\n\n\tbin/rake db:migrate RAILS_ENV=#{::Rails.env}")
+        super("#{msg} RAILS_ENV=#{::Rails.env}")
       else
-        super("Migrations are pending. To resolve this issue, run:\n\n\tbin/rake db:migrate")
+        super(msg)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  class ProtectedEnvironmentError < ActiveRecordError #:nodoc:
+    def initialize(env = "production")
+      msg = "You are attempting to run a destructive action against your '#{env}' database.\n".dup
+      msg << "If you are sure you want to continue, run the same command with the environment variable:\n"
+      msg << "DISABLE_DATABASE_ENVIRONMENT_CHECK=1"
+      super(msg)
+    end
+  end
+
+  class EnvironmentMismatchError < ActiveRecordError
+    def initialize(current: nil, stored: nil)
+      msg =  "You are attempting to modify a database that was last run in `#{ stored }` environment.\n".dup
+      msg << "You are running in `#{ current }` environment. "
+      msg << "If you are sure you want to continue, first set the environment using:\n\n"
+      msg << "        bin/rails db:environment:set"
+      if defined?(Rails.env)
+        super("#{msg} RAILS_ENV=#{::Rails.env}\n\n")
+      else
+        super("#{msg}\n\n")
       end
     end
   end
@@ -59,7 +193,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
   #
   # Example of a simple migration:
   #
-  #   class AddSsl < ActiveRecord::Migration
+  #   class AddSsl < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
   #     def up
   #       add_column :accounts, :ssl_enabled, :boolean, default: true
   #     end
@@ -79,7 +213,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
   #
   # Example of a more complex migration that also needs to initialize data:
   #
-  #   class AddSystemSettings < ActiveRecord::Migration
+  #   class AddSystemSettings < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
   #     def up
   #       create_table :system_settings do |t|
   #         t.string  :name
@@ -106,17 +240,18 @@ module ActiveRecord
   #
   # == Available transformations
   #
+  # === Creation
+  #
+  # * <tt>create_join_table(table_1, table_2, options)</tt>: Creates a join
+  #   table having its name as the lexical order of the first two
+  #   arguments. See
+  #   ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SchemaStatements#create_join_table for
+  #   details.
   # * <tt>create_table(name, options)</tt>: Creates a table called +name+ and
   #   makes the table object available to a block that can then add columns to it,
   #   following the same format as +add_column+. See example above. The options hash
   #   is for fragments like "DEFAULT CHARSET=UTF-8" that are appended to the create
   #   table definition.
-  # * <tt>drop_table(name)</tt>: Drops the table called +name+.
-  # * <tt>change_table(name, options)</tt>: Allows to make column alterations to
-  #   the table called +name+. It makes the table object available to a block that
-  #   can then add/remove columns, indexes or foreign keys to it.
-  # * <tt>rename_table(old_name, new_name)</tt>: Renames the table called +old_name+
-  #   to +new_name+.
   # * <tt>add_column(table_name, column_name, type, options)</tt>: Adds a new column
   #   to the table called +table_name+
   #   named +column_name+ specified to be one of the following types:
@@ -127,21 +262,61 @@ module ActiveRecord
   #   Other options include <tt>:limit</tt> and <tt>:null</tt> (e.g.
   #   <tt>{ limit: 50, null: false }</tt>) -- see
   #   ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::TableDefinition#column for details.
-  # * <tt>rename_column(table_name, column_name, new_column_name)</tt>: Renames
-  #   a column but keeps the type and content.
-  # * <tt>change_column(table_name, column_name, type, options)</tt>:  Changes
-  #   the column to a different type using the same parameters as add_column.
-  # * <tt>remove_column(table_name, column_name, type, options)</tt>: Removes the column
-  #   named +column_name+ from the table called +table_name+.
+  # * <tt>add_foreign_key(from_table, to_table, options)</tt>: Adds a new
+  #   foreign key. +from_table+ is the table with the key column, +to_table+ contains
+  #   the referenced primary key.
   # * <tt>add_index(table_name, column_names, options)</tt>: Adds a new index
   #   with the name of the column. Other options include
   #   <tt>:name</tt>, <tt>:unique</tt> (e.g.
   #   <tt>{ name: 'users_name_index', unique: true }</tt>) and <tt>:order</tt>
   #   (e.g. <tt>{ order: { name: :desc } }</tt>).
-  # * <tt>remove_index(table_name, column: column_name)</tt>: Removes the index
-  #   specified by +column_name+.
+  # * <tt>add_reference(:table_name, :reference_name)</tt>: Adds a new column
+  #   +reference_name_id+ by default an integer. See
+  #   ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SchemaStatements#add_reference for details.
+  # * <tt>add_timestamps(table_name, options)</tt>: Adds timestamps (+created_at+
+  #   and +updated_at+) columns to +table_name+.
+  #
+  # === Modification
+  #
+  # * <tt>change_column(table_name, column_name, type, options)</tt>:  Changes
+  #   the column to a different type using the same parameters as add_column.
+  # * <tt>change_column_default(table_name, column_name, default_or_changes)</tt>:
+  #   Sets a default value for +column_name+ defined by +default_or_changes+ on
+  #   +table_name+. Passing a hash containing <tt>:from</tt> and <tt>:to</tt>
+  #   as +default_or_changes+ will make this change reversible in the migration.
+  # * <tt>change_column_null(table_name, column_name, null, default = nil)</tt>:
+  #   Sets or removes a +NOT NULL+ constraint on +column_name+. The +null+ flag
+  #   indicates whether the value can be +NULL+. See
+  #   ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SchemaStatements#change_column_null for
+  #   details.
+  # * <tt>change_table(name, options)</tt>: Allows to make column alterations to
+  #   the table called +name+. It makes the table object available to a block that
+  #   can then add/remove columns, indexes or foreign keys to it.
+  # * <tt>rename_column(table_name, column_name, new_column_name)</tt>: Renames
+  #   a column but keeps the type and content.
+  # * <tt>rename_index(table_name, old_name, new_name)</tt>: Renames an index.
+  # * <tt>rename_table(old_name, new_name)</tt>: Renames the table called +old_name+
+  #   to +new_name+.
+  #
+  # === Deletion
+  #
+  # * <tt>drop_table(name)</tt>: Drops the table called +name+.
+  # * <tt>drop_join_table(table_1, table_2, options)</tt>: Drops the join table
+  #   specified by the given arguments.
+  # * <tt>remove_column(table_name, column_name, type, options)</tt>: Removes the column
+  #   named +column_name+ from the table called +table_name+.
+  # * <tt>remove_columns(table_name, *column_names)</tt>: Removes the given
+  #   columns from the table definition.
+  # * <tt>remove_foreign_key(from_table, options_or_to_table)</tt>: Removes the
+  #   given foreign key from the table called +table_name+.
+  # * <tt>remove_index(table_name, column: column_names)</tt>: Removes the index
+  #   specified by +column_names+.
   # * <tt>remove_index(table_name, name: index_name)</tt>: Removes the index
   #   specified by +index_name+.
+  # * <tt>remove_reference(table_name, ref_name, options)</tt>: Removes the
+  #   reference(s) on +table_name+ specified by +ref_name+.
+  # * <tt>remove_timestamps(table_name, options)</tt>: Removes the timestamp
+  #   columns (+created_at+ and +updated_at+) from the table definition.
   #
   # == Irreversible transformations
   #
@@ -165,24 +340,24 @@ module ActiveRecord
   #
   #   rails generate migration add_fieldname_to_tablename fieldname:string
   #
-  # This will generate the file <tt>timestamp_add_fieldname_to_tablename</tt>, which will look like this:
-  #   class AddFieldnameToTablename < ActiveRecord::Migration
+  # This will generate the file <tt>timestamp_add_fieldname_to_tablename.rb</tt>, which will look like this:
+  #   class AddFieldnameToTablename < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
   #     def change
-  #       add_column :tablenames, :field, :string
+  #       add_column :tablenames, :fieldname, :string
   #     end
   #   end
   #
   # To run migrations against the currently configured database, use
-  # <tt>rake db:migrate</tt>. This will update the database by running all of the
+  # <tt>rails db:migrate</tt>. This will update the database by running all of the
   # pending migrations, creating the <tt>schema_migrations</tt> table
   # (see "About the schema_migrations table" section below) if missing. It will also
   # invoke the db:schema:dump task, which will update your db/schema.rb file
   # to match the structure of your database.
   #
   # To roll the database back to a previous migration version, use
-  # <tt>rake db:migrate VERSION=X</tt> where <tt>X</tt> is the version to which
+  # <tt>rails db:rollback VERSION=X</tt> where <tt>X</tt> is the version to which
   # you wish to downgrade. Alternatively, you can also use the STEP option if you
-  # wish to rollback last few migrations. <tt>rake db:migrate STEP=2</tt> will rollback
+  # wish to rollback last few migrations. <tt>rails db:rollback STEP=2</tt> will rollback
   # the latest two migrations.
   #
   # If any of the migrations throw an <tt>ActiveRecord::IrreversibleMigration</tt> exception,
@@ -197,7 +372,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
   #
   # Not all migrations change the schema. Some just fix the data:
   #
-  #   class RemoveEmptyTags < ActiveRecord::Migration
+  #   class RemoveEmptyTags < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
   #     def up
   #       Tag.all.each { |tag| tag.destroy if tag.pages.empty? }
   #     end
@@ -210,7 +385,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
   #
   # Others remove columns when they migrate up instead of down:
   #
-  #   class RemoveUnnecessaryItemAttributes < ActiveRecord::Migration
+  #   class RemoveUnnecessaryItemAttributes < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
   #     def up
   #       remove_column :items, :incomplete_items_count
   #       remove_column :items, :completed_items_count
@@ -224,7 +399,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
   #
   # And sometimes you need to do something in SQL not abstracted directly by migrations:
   #
-  #   class MakeJoinUnique < ActiveRecord::Migration
+  #   class MakeJoinUnique < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
   #     def up
   #       execute "ALTER TABLE `pages_linked_pages` ADD UNIQUE `page_id_linked_page_id` (`page_id`,`linked_page_id`)"
   #     end
@@ -241,7 +416,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
   # <tt>Base#reset_column_information</tt> in order to ensure that the model has the
   # latest column data from after the new column was added. Example:
   #
-  #   class AddPeopleSalary < ActiveRecord::Migration
+  #   class AddPeopleSalary < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
   #     def up
   #       add_column :people, :salary, :integer
   #       Person.reset_column_information
@@ -275,21 +450,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
   # The phrase "Updating salaries..." would then be printed, along with the
   # benchmark for the block when the block completes.
   #
-  # == About the schema_migrations table
-  #
-  # Rails versions 2.0 and prior used to create a table called
-  # <tt>schema_info</tt> when using migrations. This table contained the
-  # version of the schema as of the last applied migration.
-  #
-  # Starting with Rails 2.1, the <tt>schema_info</tt> table is
-  # (automatically) replaced by the <tt>schema_migrations</tt> table, which
-  # contains the version numbers of all the migrations applied.
-  #
-  # As a result, it is now possible to add migration files that are numbered
-  # lower than the current schema version: when migrating up, those
-  # never-applied "interleaved" migrations will be automatically applied, and
-  # when migrating down, never-applied "interleaved" migrations will be skipped.
-  #
   # == Timestamped Migrations
   #
   # By default, Rails generates migrations that look like:
@@ -314,7 +474,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
   # To define a reversible migration, define the +change+ method in your
   # migration like this:
   #
-  #   class TenderloveMigration < ActiveRecord::Migration
+  #   class TenderloveMigration < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
   #     def change
   #       create_table(:horses) do |t|
   #         t.column :content, :text
@@ -344,7 +504,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
   # can't execute inside a transaction though, and for these situations
   # you can turn the automatic transactions off.
   #
-  #   class ChangeEnum < ActiveRecord::Migration
+  #   class ChangeEnum < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
   #     disable_ddl_transaction!
   #
   #     def up
@@ -355,11 +515,35 @@ module ActiveRecord
   # Remember that you can still open your own transactions, even if you
   # are in a Migration with <tt>self.disable_ddl_transaction!</tt>.
   class Migration
-    autoload :CommandRecorder, 'active_record/migration/command_recorder'
+    autoload :CommandRecorder, "active_record/migration/command_recorder"
+    autoload :Compatibility, "active_record/migration/compatibility"
 
+    # This must be defined before the inherited hook, below
+    class Current < Migration # :nodoc:
+    end
+
+    def self.inherited(subclass) # :nodoc:
+      super
+      if subclass.superclass == Migration
+        raise StandardError, "Directly inheriting from ActiveRecord::Migration is not supported. " \
+          "Please specify the Rails release the migration was written for:\n" \
+          "\n" \
+          "  class #{subclass} < ActiveRecord::Migration[4.2]"
+      end
+    end
+
+    def self.[](version)
+      Compatibility.find(version)
+    end
+
+    def self.current_version
+      ActiveRecord::VERSION::STRING.to_f
+    end
+
+    MigrationFilenameRegexp = /\A([0-9]+)_([_a-z0-9]*)\.?([_a-z0-9]*)?\.rb\z/ # :nodoc:
 
     # This class is used to verify that all migrations have been run before
-    # loading a web page if config.active_record.migration_error is set to :page_load
+    # loading a web page if <tt>config.active_record.migration_error</tt> is set to :page_load
     class CheckPending
       def initialize(app)
         @app = app
@@ -367,38 +551,42 @@ module ActiveRecord
       end
 
       def call(env)
-        if connection.supports_migrations?
-          mtime = ActiveRecord::Migrator.last_migration.mtime.to_i
-          if @last_check < mtime
-            ActiveRecord::Migration.check_pending!(connection)
-            @last_check = mtime
-          end
+        mtime = ActiveRecord::Base.connection.migration_context.last_migration.mtime.to_i
+        if @last_check < mtime
+          ActiveRecord::Migration.check_pending!(connection)
+          @last_check = mtime
         end
         @app.call(env)
       end
 
       private
 
-      def connection
-        ActiveRecord::Base.connection
-      end
+        def connection
+          ActiveRecord::Base.connection
+        end
     end
 
     class << self
       attr_accessor :delegate # :nodoc:
       attr_accessor :disable_ddl_transaction # :nodoc:
 
+      def nearest_delegate # :nodoc:
+        delegate || superclass.nearest_delegate
+      end
+
+      # Raises <tt>ActiveRecord::PendingMigrationError</tt> error if any migrations are pending.
       def check_pending!(connection = Base.connection)
-        raise ActiveRecord::PendingMigrationError if ActiveRecord::Migrator.needs_migration?(connection)
+        raise ActiveRecord::PendingMigrationError if connection.migration_context.needs_migration?
       end
 
       def load_schema_if_pending!
-        if ActiveRecord::Migrator.needs_migration? || !ActiveRecord::Migrator.any_migrations?
-          # Roundrip to Rake to allow plugins to hook into database initialization.
-          FileUtils.cd Rails.root do
+        if Base.connection.migration_context.needs_migration? || !Base.connection.migration_context.any_migrations?
+          # Roundtrip to Rake to allow plugins to hook into database initialization.
+          root = defined?(ENGINE_ROOT) ? ENGINE_ROOT : Rails.root
+          FileUtils.cd(root) do
             current_config = Base.connection_config
             Base.clear_all_connections!
-            system("bin/rake db:test:prepare")
+            system("bin/rails db:test:prepare")
             # Establish a new connection, the old database may be gone (db:test:prepare uses purge)
             Base.establish_connection(current_config)
           end
@@ -413,7 +601,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       end
 
       def method_missing(name, *args, &block) # :nodoc:
-        (delegate || superclass.delegate).send(name, *args, &block)
+        nearest_delegate.send(name, *args, &block)
       end
 
       def migrate(direction)
@@ -453,7 +641,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
     # and create the table 'apples' on the way up, and the reverse
     # on the way down.
     #
-    #   class FixTLMigration < ActiveRecord::Migration
+    #   class FixTLMigration < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
     #     def change
     #       revert do
     #         create_table(:horses) do |t|
@@ -470,9 +658,9 @@ module ActiveRecord
     # Or equivalently, if +TenderloveMigration+ is defined as in the
     # documentation for Migration:
     #
-    #   require_relative '2012121212_tenderlove_migration'
+    #   require_relative '20121212123456_tenderlove_migration'
     #
-    #   class FixupTLMigration < ActiveRecord::Migration
+    #   class FixupTLMigration < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
     #     def change
     #       revert TenderloveMigration
     #
@@ -486,13 +674,13 @@ module ActiveRecord
     def revert(*migration_classes)
       run(*migration_classes.reverse, revert: true) unless migration_classes.empty?
       if block_given?
-        if @connection.respond_to? :revert
-          @connection.revert { yield }
+        if connection.respond_to? :revert
+          connection.revert { yield }
         else
-          recorder = CommandRecorder.new(@connection)
+          recorder = CommandRecorder.new(connection)
           @connection = recorder
           suppress_messages do
-            @connection.revert { yield }
+            connection.revert { yield }
           end
           @connection = recorder.delegate
           recorder.commands.each do |cmd, args, block|
@@ -503,10 +691,10 @@ module ActiveRecord
     end
 
     def reverting?
-      @connection.respond_to?(:reverting) && @connection.reverting
+      connection.respond_to?(:reverting) && connection.reverting
     end
 
-    class ReversibleBlockHelper < Struct.new(:reverting) # :nodoc:
+    ReversibleBlockHelper = Struct.new(:reverting) do # :nodoc:
       def up
         yield unless reverting
       end
@@ -525,7 +713,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
     # when the three columns 'first_name', 'last_name' and 'full_name' exist,
     # even when migrating down:
     #
-    #    class SplitNameMigration < ActiveRecord::Migration
+    #    class SplitNameMigration < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
     #      def change
     #        add_column :users, :first_name, :string
     #        add_column :users, :last_name, :string
@@ -544,7 +732,25 @@ module ActiveRecord
     #    end
     def reversible
       helper = ReversibleBlockHelper.new(reverting?)
-      execute_block{ yield helper }
+      execute_block { yield helper }
+    end
+
+    # Used to specify an operation that is only run when migrating up
+    # (for example, populating a new column with its initial values).
+    #
+    # In the following example, the new column +published+ will be given
+    # the value +true+ for all existing records.
+    #
+    #    class AddPublishedToPosts < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.2]
+    #      def change
+    #        add_column :posts, :published, :boolean, default: false
+    #        up_only do
+    #          execute "update posts set published = 'true'"
+    #        end
+    #      end
+    #    end
+    def up_only
+      execute_block { yield } unless reverting?
     end
 
     # Runs the given migration classes.
@@ -560,7 +766,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
         revert { run(*migration_classes, direction: dir, revert: true) }
       else
         migration_classes.each do |migration_class|
-          migration_class.new.exec_migration(@connection, dir)
+          migration_class.new.exec_migration(connection, dir)
         end
       end
     end
@@ -586,7 +792,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       when :down then announce "reverting"
       end
 
-      time   = nil
+      time = nil
       ActiveRecord::Base.connection_pool.with_connection do |conn|
         time = Benchmark.measure do
           exec_migration(conn, direction)
@@ -614,7 +820,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       @connection = nil
     end
 
-    def write(text="")
+    def write(text = "")
       puts(text) if verbose
     end
 
@@ -624,7 +830,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       write "== %s %s" % [text, "=" * length]
     end
 
-    def say(message, subitem=false)
+    def say(message, subitem = false)
       write "#{subitem ? "   ->" : "--"} #{message}"
     end
 
@@ -649,10 +855,10 @@ module ActiveRecord
     end
 
     def method_missing(method, *arguments, &block)
-      arg_list = arguments.map{ |a| a.inspect } * ', '
+      arg_list = arguments.map(&:inspect) * ", "
 
       say_with_time "#{method}(#{arg_list})" do
-        unless @connection.respond_to? :revert
+        unless connection.respond_to? :revert
           unless arguments.empty? || [:execute, :enable_extension, :disable_extension].include?(method)
             arguments[0] = proper_table_name(arguments.first, table_name_options)
             if [:rename_table, :add_foreign_key].include?(method) ||
@@ -671,23 +877,25 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
       FileUtils.mkdir_p(destination) unless File.exist?(destination)
 
-      destination_migrations = ActiveRecord::Migrator.migrations(destination)
+      destination_migrations = ActiveRecord::MigrationContext.new(destination).migrations
       last = destination_migrations.last
       sources.each do |scope, path|
-        source_migrations = ActiveRecord::Migrator.migrations(path)
+        source_migrations = ActiveRecord::MigrationContext.new(path).migrations
 
         source_migrations.each do |migration|
           source = File.binread(migration.filename)
           inserted_comment = "# This migration comes from #{scope} (originally #{migration.version})\n"
-          if /\A#.*\b(?:en)?coding:\s*\S+/ =~ source
+          magic_comments = "".dup
+          loop do
             # If we have a magic comment in the original migration,
             # insert our comment after the first newline(end of the magic comment line)
             # so the magic keep working.
             # Note that magic comments must be at the first line(except sh-bang).
-            source[/\n/] = "\n#{inserted_comment}"
-          else
-            source = "#{inserted_comment}#{source}"
+            source.sub!(/\A(?:#.*\b(?:en)?coding:\s*\S+|#\s*frozen_string_literal:\s*(?:true|false)).*\n/) do |magic_comment|
+              magic_comments << magic_comment; ""
+            end || break
           end
+          source = "#{magic_comments}#{inserted_comment}#{source}"
 
           if duplicate = destination_migrations.detect { |m| m.name == migration.name }
             if options[:on_skip] && duplicate.scope != scope.to_s
@@ -731,7 +939,9 @@ module ActiveRecord
       end
     end
 
-    def table_name_options(config = ActiveRecord::Base)
+    # Builds a hash for use in ActiveRecord::Migration#proper_table_name using
+    # the Active Record object's table_name prefix and suffix
+    def table_name_options(config = ActiveRecord::Base) #:nodoc:
       {
         table_name_prefix: config.table_name_prefix,
         table_name_suffix: config.table_name_suffix
@@ -739,19 +949,18 @@ module ActiveRecord
     end
 
     private
-    def execute_block
-      if connection.respond_to? :execute_block
-        super # use normal delegation to record the block
-      else
-        yield
+      def execute_block
+        if connection.respond_to? :execute_block
+          super # use normal delegation to record the block
+        else
+          yield
+        end
       end
-    end
   end
 
   # MigrationProxy is used to defer loading of the actual migration classes
   # until they are needed
-  class MigrationProxy < Struct.new(:name, :version, :filename, :scope)
-
+  MigrationProxy = Struct.new(:name, :version, :filename, :scope) do
     def initialize(name, version, filename, scope)
       super
       @migration = nil
@@ -777,7 +986,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
         require(File.expand_path(filename))
         name.constantize.new(name, version)
       end
-
   end
 
   class NullMigration < MigrationProxy #:nodoc:
@@ -790,156 +998,185 @@ module ActiveRecord
     end
   end
 
-  class Migrator#:nodoc:
-    class << self
-      attr_writer :migrations_paths
-      alias :migrations_path= :migrations_paths=
-
-      def migrate(migrations_paths, target_version = nil, &block)
-        case
-        when target_version.nil?
-          up(migrations_paths, target_version, &block)
-        when current_version == 0 && target_version == 0
-          []
-        when current_version > target_version
-          down(migrations_paths, target_version, &block)
-        else
-          up(migrations_paths, target_version, &block)
-        end
-      end
+  class MigrationContext # :nodoc:
+    attr_reader :migrations_paths
 
-      def rollback(migrations_paths, steps=1)
-        move(:down, migrations_paths, steps)
-      end
+    def initialize(migrations_paths)
+      @migrations_paths = migrations_paths
+    end
 
-      def forward(migrations_paths, steps=1)
-        move(:up, migrations_paths, steps)
+    def migrate(target_version = nil, &block)
+      case
+      when target_version.nil?
+        up(target_version, &block)
+      when current_version == 0 && target_version == 0
+        []
+      when current_version > target_version
+        down(target_version, &block)
+      else
+        up(target_version, &block)
       end
+    end
+
+    def rollback(steps = 1)
+      move(:down, steps)
+    end
 
-      def up(migrations_paths, target_version = nil)
-        migrations = migrations(migrations_paths)
-        migrations.select! { |m| yield m } if block_given?
+    def forward(steps = 1)
+      move(:up, steps)
+    end
 
-        new(:up, migrations, target_version).migrate
+    def up(target_version = nil)
+      selected_migrations = if block_given?
+        migrations.select { |m| yield m }
+      else
+        migrations
       end
 
-      def down(migrations_paths, target_version = nil, &block)
-        migrations = migrations(migrations_paths)
-        migrations.select! { |m| yield m } if block_given?
+      Migrator.new(:up, selected_migrations, target_version).migrate
+    end
 
-        new(:down, migrations, target_version).migrate
+    def down(target_version = nil)
+      selected_migrations = if block_given?
+        migrations.select { |m| yield m }
+      else
+        migrations
       end
 
-      def run(direction, migrations_paths, target_version)
-        new(direction, migrations(migrations_paths), target_version).run
-      end
+      Migrator.new(:down, selected_migrations, target_version).migrate
+    end
 
-      def open(migrations_paths)
-        new(:up, migrations(migrations_paths), nil)
-      end
+    def run(direction, target_version)
+      Migrator.new(direction, migrations, target_version).run
+    end
 
-      def schema_migrations_table_name
-        SchemaMigration.table_name
-      end
+    def open
+      Migrator.new(:up, migrations, nil)
+    end
 
-      def get_all_versions(connection = Base.connection)
-        if connection.table_exists?(schema_migrations_table_name)
-          SchemaMigration.all.map { |x| x.version.to_i }.sort
-        else
-          []
-        end
+    def get_all_versions
+      if SchemaMigration.table_exists?
+        SchemaMigration.all_versions.map(&:to_i)
+      else
+        []
       end
+    end
 
-      def current_version(connection = Base.connection)
-        get_all_versions(connection).max || 0
-      end
+    def current_version
+      get_all_versions.max || 0
+    rescue ActiveRecord::NoDatabaseError
+    end
 
-      def needs_migration?(connection = Base.connection)
-        (migrations(migrations_paths).collect(&:version) - get_all_versions(connection)).size > 0
-      end
+    def needs_migration?
+      (migrations.collect(&:version) - get_all_versions).size > 0
+    end
 
-      def any_migrations?
-        migrations(migrations_paths).any?
-      end
+    def any_migrations?
+      migrations.any?
+    end
 
-      def last_version
-        last_migration.version
-      end
+    def last_migration #:nodoc:
+      migrations.last || NullMigration.new
+    end
 
-      def last_migration #:nodoc:
-        migrations(migrations_paths).last || NullMigration.new
-      end
+    def parse_migration_filename(filename) # :nodoc:
+      File.basename(filename).scan(Migration::MigrationFilenameRegexp).first
+    end
 
-      def migrations_paths
-        @migrations_paths ||= ['db/migrate']
-        # just to not break things if someone uses: migration_path = some_string
-        Array(@migrations_paths)
-      end
+    def migrations
+      migrations = migration_files.map do |file|
+        version, name, scope = parse_migration_filename(file)
+        raise IllegalMigrationNameError.new(file) unless version
+        version = version.to_i
+        name = name.camelize
 
-      def migrations_path
-        migrations_paths.first
+        MigrationProxy.new(name, version, file, scope)
       end
 
-      def parse_migration_filename(filename) # :nodoc:
-        File.basename(filename).scan(/\A([0-9]+)_([_a-z0-9]*)\.?([_a-z0-9]*)?\.rb\z/).first
+      migrations.sort_by(&:version)
+    end
+
+    def migrations_status
+      db_list = ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration.normalized_versions
+
+      file_list = migration_files.map do |file|
+        version, name, scope = parse_migration_filename(file)
+        raise IllegalMigrationNameError.new(file) unless version
+        version = ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration.normalize_migration_number(version)
+        status = db_list.delete(version) ? "up" : "down"
+        [status, version, (name + scope).humanize]
+      end.compact
+
+      db_list.map! do |version|
+        ["up", version, "********** NO FILE **********"]
       end
 
-      def migrations(paths)
-        paths = Array(paths)
+      (db_list + file_list).sort_by { |_, version, _| version }
+    end
 
-        migrations = migration_files(paths).map do |file|
-          version, name, scope = parse_migration_filename(file)
-          raise IllegalMigrationNameError.new(file) unless version
-          version = version.to_i
-          name = name.camelize
+    def migration_files
+      paths = Array(migrations_paths)
+      Dir[*paths.flat_map { |path| "#{path}/**/[0-9]*_*.rb" }]
+    end
 
-          MigrationProxy.new(name, version, file, scope)
-        end
+    def current_environment
+      ActiveRecord::ConnectionHandling::DEFAULT_ENV.call
+    end
 
-        migrations.sort_by(&:version)
-      end
+    def protected_environment?
+      ActiveRecord::Base.protected_environments.include?(last_stored_environment) if last_stored_environment
+    end
 
-      def migrations_status(paths)
-        paths = Array(paths)
+    def last_stored_environment
+      return nil if current_version == 0
+      raise NoEnvironmentInSchemaError unless ActiveRecord::InternalMetadata.table_exists?
 
-        db_list = ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration.normalized_versions
+      environment = ActiveRecord::InternalMetadata[:environment]
+      raise NoEnvironmentInSchemaError unless environment
+      environment
+    end
 
-        file_list = migration_files(paths).map do |file|
-          version, name, scope = parse_migration_filename(file)
-          raise IllegalMigrationNameError.new(file) unless version
-          version = ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration.normalize_migration_number(version)
-          status = db_list.delete(version) ? "up" : "down"
-          [status, version, (name + scope).humanize]
-        end.compact
+    private
+      def move(direction, steps)
+        migrator = Migrator.new(direction, migrations)
 
-        db_list.map! do |version|
-          ["up", version, "********** NO FILE **********"]
+        if current_version != 0 && !migrator.current_migration
+          raise UnknownMigrationVersionError.new(current_version)
         end
 
-        (db_list + file_list).sort_by { |_, version, _| version }
-      end
+        start_index =
+          if current_version == 0
+            0
+          else
+            migrator.migrations.index(migrator.current_migration)
+          end
 
-      def migration_files(paths)
-        Dir[*paths.flat_map { |path| "#{path}/**/[0-9]*_*.rb" }]
+        finish = migrator.migrations[start_index + steps]
+        version = finish ? finish.version : 0
+        send(direction, version)
       end
+  end
 
-      private
+  class Migrator # :nodoc:
+    class << self
+      attr_accessor :migrations_paths
 
-      def move(direction, migrations_paths, steps)
-        migrator = new(direction, migrations(migrations_paths))
-        start_index = migrator.migrations.index(migrator.current_migration)
+      def migrations_path=(path)
+        ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn \
+          "`ActiveRecord::Migrator.migrations_path=` is now deprecated and will be removed in Rails 6.0. " \
+          "You can set the `migrations_paths` on the `connection` instead through the `database.yml`."
+        self.migrations_paths = [path]
+      end
 
-        if start_index
-          finish = migrator.migrations[start_index + steps]
-          version = finish ? finish.version : 0
-          send(direction, migrations_paths, version)
-        end
+      # For cases where a table doesn't exist like loading from schema cache
+      def current_version
+        MigrationContext.new(migrations_paths).current_version
       end
     end
 
-    def initialize(direction, migrations, target_version = nil)
-      raise StandardError.new("This database does not yet support migrations") unless Base.connection.supports_migrations?
+    self.migrations_paths = ["db/migrate"]
 
+    def initialize(direction, migrations, target_version = nil)
       @direction         = direction
       @target_version    = target_version
       @migrated_versions = nil
@@ -947,7 +1184,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
       validate(@migrations)
 
-      Base.connection.initialize_schema_migrations_table
+      ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration.create_table
+      ActiveRecord::InternalMetadata.create_table
     end
 
     def current_version
@@ -960,32 +1198,18 @@ module ActiveRecord
     alias :current :current_migration
 
     def run
-      migration = migrations.detect { |m| m.version == @target_version }
-      raise UnknownMigrationVersionError.new(@target_version) if migration.nil?
-      unless (up? && migrated.include?(migration.version.to_i)) || (down? && !migrated.include?(migration.version.to_i))
-        begin
-          execute_migration_in_transaction(migration, @direction)
-        rescue => e
-          canceled_msg = use_transaction?(migration) ? ", this migration was canceled" : ""
-          raise StandardError, "An error has occurred#{canceled_msg}:\n\n#{e}", e.backtrace
-        end
+      if use_advisory_lock?
+        with_advisory_lock { run_without_lock }
+      else
+        run_without_lock
       end
     end
 
     def migrate
-      if !target && @target_version && @target_version > 0
-        raise UnknownMigrationVersionError.new(@target_version)
-      end
-
-      runnable.each do |migration|
-        Base.logger.info "Migrating to #{migration.name} (#{migration.version})" if Base.logger
-
-        begin
-          execute_migration_in_transaction(migration, @direction)
-        rescue => e
-          canceled_msg = use_transaction?(migration) ? "this and " : ""
-          raise StandardError, "An error has occurred, #{canceled_msg}all later migrations canceled:\n\n#{e}", e.backtrace
-        end
+      if use_advisory_lock?
+        with_advisory_lock { migrate_without_lock }
+      else
+        migrate_without_lock
       end
     end
 
@@ -1010,70 +1234,145 @@ module ActiveRecord
     end
 
     def migrated
-      @migrated_versions ||= Set.new(self.class.get_all_versions)
+      @migrated_versions || load_migrated
     end
 
-    private
-    def ran?(migration)
-      migrated.include?(migration.version.to_i)
+    def load_migrated
+      @migrated_versions = Set.new(Base.connection.migration_context.get_all_versions)
     end
 
-    def execute_migration_in_transaction(migration, direction)
-      ddl_transaction(migration) do
-        migration.migrate(direction)
-        record_version_state_after_migrating(migration.version)
+    private
+
+      # Used for running a specific migration.
+      def run_without_lock
+        migration = migrations.detect { |m| m.version == @target_version }
+        raise UnknownMigrationVersionError.new(@target_version) if migration.nil?
+        result = execute_migration_in_transaction(migration, @direction)
+
+        record_environment
+        result
       end
-    end
 
-    def target
-      migrations.detect { |m| m.version == @target_version }
-    end
+      # Used for running multiple migrations up to or down to a certain value.
+      def migrate_without_lock
+        if invalid_target?
+          raise UnknownMigrationVersionError.new(@target_version)
+        end
 
-    def finish
-      migrations.index(target) || migrations.size - 1
-    end
+        result = runnable.each do |migration|
+          execute_migration_in_transaction(migration, @direction)
+        end
 
-    def start
-      up? ? 0 : (migrations.index(current) || 0)
-    end
+        record_environment
+        result
+      end
 
-    def validate(migrations)
-      name ,= migrations.group_by(&:name).find { |_,v| v.length > 1 }
-      raise DuplicateMigrationNameError.new(name) if name
+      # Stores the current environment in the database.
+      def record_environment
+        return if down?
+        ActiveRecord::InternalMetadata[:environment] = ActiveRecord::Base.connection.migration_context.current_environment
+      end
 
-      version ,= migrations.group_by(&:version).find { |_,v| v.length > 1 }
-      raise DuplicateMigrationVersionError.new(version) if version
-    end
+      def ran?(migration)
+        migrated.include?(migration.version.to_i)
+      end
 
-    def record_version_state_after_migrating(version)
-      if down?
-        migrated.delete(version)
-        ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration.where(:version => version.to_s).delete_all
-      else
-        migrated << version
-        ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration.create!(:version => version.to_s)
+      # Return true if a valid version is not provided.
+      def invalid_target?
+        @target_version && @target_version != 0 && !target
       end
-    end
 
-    def up?
-      @direction == :up
-    end
+      def execute_migration_in_transaction(migration, direction)
+        return if down? && !migrated.include?(migration.version.to_i)
+        return if up?   &&  migrated.include?(migration.version.to_i)
 
-    def down?
-      @direction == :down
-    end
+        Base.logger.info "Migrating to #{migration.name} (#{migration.version})" if Base.logger
 
-    # Wrap the migration in a transaction only if supported by the adapter.
-    def ddl_transaction(migration)
-      if use_transaction?(migration)
-        Base.transaction { yield }
-      else
+        ddl_transaction(migration) do
+          migration.migrate(direction)
+          record_version_state_after_migrating(migration.version)
+        end
+      rescue => e
+        msg = "An error has occurred, ".dup
+        msg << "this and " if use_transaction?(migration)
+        msg << "all later migrations canceled:\n\n#{e}"
+        raise StandardError, msg, e.backtrace
+      end
+
+      def target
+        migrations.detect { |m| m.version == @target_version }
+      end
+
+      def finish
+        migrations.index(target) || migrations.size - 1
+      end
+
+      def start
+        up? ? 0 : (migrations.index(current) || 0)
+      end
+
+      def validate(migrations)
+        name, = migrations.group_by(&:name).find { |_, v| v.length > 1 }
+        raise DuplicateMigrationNameError.new(name) if name
+
+        version, = migrations.group_by(&:version).find { |_, v| v.length > 1 }
+        raise DuplicateMigrationVersionError.new(version) if version
+      end
+
+      def record_version_state_after_migrating(version)
+        if down?
+          migrated.delete(version)
+          ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration.where(version: version.to_s).delete_all
+        else
+          migrated << version
+          ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration.create!(version: version.to_s)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def up?
+        @direction == :up
+      end
+
+      def down?
+        @direction == :down
+      end
+
+      # Wrap the migration in a transaction only if supported by the adapter.
+      def ddl_transaction(migration)
+        if use_transaction?(migration)
+          Base.transaction { yield }
+        else
+          yield
+        end
+      end
+
+      def use_transaction?(migration)
+        !migration.disable_ddl_transaction && Base.connection.supports_ddl_transactions?
+      end
+
+      def use_advisory_lock?
+        Base.connection.supports_advisory_locks?
+      end
+
+      def with_advisory_lock
+        lock_id = generate_migrator_advisory_lock_id
+        connection = Base.connection
+        got_lock = connection.get_advisory_lock(lock_id)
+        raise ConcurrentMigrationError unless got_lock
+        load_migrated # reload schema_migrations to be sure it wasn't changed by another process before we got the lock
         yield
+      ensure
+        if got_lock && !connection.release_advisory_lock(lock_id)
+          raise ConcurrentMigrationError.new(
+            ConcurrentMigrationError::RELEASE_LOCK_FAILED_MESSAGE
+          )
+        end
       end
-    end
 
-    def use_transaction?(migration)
-      !migration.disable_ddl_transaction && Base.connection.supports_ddl_transactions?
-    end
+      MIGRATOR_SALT = 2053462845
+      def generate_migrator_advisory_lock_id
+        db_name_hash = Zlib.crc32(Base.connection.current_database)
+        MIGRATOR_SALT * db_name_hash
+      end
   end
 end