activerecord 4.2.11.3 → 5.0.7.2

data/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
     class DatabaseAlreadyExists < StandardError; end # :nodoc:
     class DatabaseNotSupported < StandardError; end # :nodoc:
 
-    # <tt>ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks</tt> is a utility class, which encapsulates
+    # ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks is a utility class, which encapsulates
     # logic behind common tasks used to manage database and migrations.
     #
     # The tasks defined here are used with Rake tasks provided by Active Record.
@@ -18,15 +18,15 @@ module ActiveRecord
     #
     # The possible config values are:
     #
-    #   * +env+: current environment (like Rails.env).
-    #   * +database_configuration+: configuration of your databases (as in +config/database.yml+).
-    #   * +db_dir+: your +db+ directory.
-    #   * +fixtures_path+: a path to fixtures directory.
-    #   * +migrations_paths+: a list of paths to directories with migrations.
-    #   * +seed_loader+: an object which will load seeds, it needs to respond to the +load_seed+ method.
-    #   * +root+: a path to the root of the application.
+    # * +env+: current environment (like Rails.env).
+    # * +database_configuration+: configuration of your databases (as in +config/database.yml+).
+    # * +db_dir+: your +db+ directory.
+    # * +fixtures_path+: a path to fixtures directory.
+    # * +migrations_paths+: a list of paths to directories with migrations.
+    # * +seed_loader+: an object which will load seeds, it needs to respond to the +load_seed+ method.
+    # * +root+: a path to the root of the application.
     #
-    # Example usage of +DatabaseTasks+ outside Rails could look as such:
+    # Example usage of DatabaseTasks outside Rails could look as such:
     #
     #   include ActiveRecord::Tasks
     #   DatabaseTasks.database_configuration = YAML.load_file('my_database_config.yml')
@@ -42,6 +42,22 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
       LOCAL_HOSTS    = ['127.0.0.1', 'localhost']
 
+      def check_protected_environments!
+        unless ENV['DISABLE_DATABASE_ENVIRONMENT_CHECK']
+          current = ActiveRecord::Migrator.current_environment
+          stored  = ActiveRecord::Migrator.last_stored_environment
+
+          if ActiveRecord::Migrator.protected_environment?
+            raise ActiveRecord::ProtectedEnvironmentError.new(stored)
+          end
+
+          if stored && stored != current
+            raise ActiveRecord::EnvironmentMismatchError.new(current: current, stored: stored)
+          end
+        end
+      rescue ActiveRecord::NoDatabaseError
+      end
+
       def register_task(pattern, task)
         @tasks ||= {}
         @tasks[pattern] = task
@@ -91,15 +107,21 @@ module ActiveRecord
       def create(*arguments)
         configuration = arguments.first
         class_for_adapter(configuration['adapter']).new(*arguments).create
+        $stdout.puts "Created database '#{configuration['database']}'"
       rescue DatabaseAlreadyExists
-        $stderr.puts "#{configuration['database']} already exists"
+        $stderr.puts "Database '#{configuration['database']}' already exists"
       rescue Exception => error
-        $stderr.puts error, *(error.backtrace)
+        $stderr.puts error
         $stderr.puts "Couldn't create database for #{configuration.inspect}"
+        raise
       end
 
       def create_all
+        old_pool = ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handler.retrieve_connection_pool(ActiveRecord::Base.connection_specification_name)
         each_local_configuration { |configuration| create configuration }
+        if old_pool
+          ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handler.establish_connection(old_pool.spec)
+        end
       end
 
       def create_current(environment = env)
@@ -112,11 +134,13 @@ module ActiveRecord
       def drop(*arguments)
         configuration = arguments.first
         class_for_adapter(configuration['adapter']).new(*arguments).drop
+        $stdout.puts "Dropped database '#{configuration['database']}'"
       rescue ActiveRecord::NoDatabaseError
         $stderr.puts "Database '#{configuration['database']}' does not exist"
       rescue Exception => error
-        $stderr.puts error, *(error.backtrace)
-        $stderr.puts "Couldn't drop #{configuration['database']}"
+        $stderr.puts error
+        $stderr.puts "Couldn't drop database '#{configuration['database']}'"
+        raise
       end
 
       def drop_all
@@ -191,59 +215,52 @@ module ActiveRecord
         class_for_adapter(configuration['adapter']).new(*arguments).structure_load(filename)
       end
 
-      def load_schema(format = ActiveRecord::Base.schema_format, file = nil)
-        ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(<<-MSG.squish)
-          This method will act on a specific connection in the future.
-          To act on the current connection, use `load_schema_current` instead.
-        MSG
-
-        load_schema_current(format, file)
-      end
-
-      def schema_file(format = ActiveRecord::Base.schema_format)
-        case format
-        when :ruby
-          File.join(db_dir, "schema.rb")
-        when :sql
-          File.join(db_dir, "structure.sql")
-        end
-      end
-
-      # This method is the successor of +load_schema+. We should rename it
-      # after +load_schema+ went through a deprecation cycle. (Rails > 4.2)
-      def load_schema_for(configuration, format = ActiveRecord::Base.schema_format, file = nil) # :nodoc:
+      def load_schema(configuration, format = ActiveRecord::Base.schema_format, file = nil, environment = env) # :nodoc:
         file ||= schema_file(format)
 
+        check_schema_file(file)
+        ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(configuration)
+
         case format
         when :ruby
-          check_schema_file(file)
-          ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(configuration)
           load(file)
         when :sql
-          check_schema_file(file)
           structure_load(configuration, file)
         else
           raise ArgumentError, "unknown format #{format.inspect}"
         end
+        ActiveRecord::InternalMetadata.create_table
+        ActiveRecord::InternalMetadata[:environment] = environment
+      end
+
+      def load_schema_for(*args)
+        ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(<<-MSG.squish)
+          This method was renamed to `#load_schema` and will be removed in the future.
+          Use `#load_schema` instead.
+        MSG
+        load_schema(*args)
       end
 
-      def load_schema_current_if_exists(format = ActiveRecord::Base.schema_format, file = nil, environment = env)
-        if File.exist?(file || schema_file(format))
-          load_schema_current(format, file, environment)
+      def schema_file(format = ActiveRecord::Base.schema_format)
+        case format
+        when :ruby
+          File.join(db_dir, "schema.rb")
+        when :sql
+          File.join(db_dir, "structure.sql")
         end
       end
 
       def load_schema_current(format = ActiveRecord::Base.schema_format, file = nil, environment = env)
-        each_current_configuration(environment) { |configuration|
-          load_schema_for configuration, format, file
+        each_current_configuration(environment) { |configuration, configuration_environment|
+          load_schema configuration, format, file, configuration_environment
         }
         ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(environment.to_sym)
       end
 
       def check_schema_file(filename)
         unless File.exist?(filename)
-          message = %{#{filename} doesn't exist yet. Run `rake db:migrate` to create it, then try again.}
-          message << %{ If you do not intend to use a database, you should instead alter #{Rails.root}/config/application.rb to limit the frameworks that will be loaded.} if defined?(::Rails)
+          message = %{#{filename} doesn't exist yet. Run `rails db:migrate` to create it, then try again.}
+          message << %{ If you do not intend to use a database, you should instead alter #{Rails.root}/config/application.rb to limit the frameworks that will be loaded.} if defined?(::Rails.root)
           Kernel.abort message
         end
       end
@@ -270,12 +287,12 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
       def each_current_configuration(environment)
         environments = [environment]
-        # add test environment only if no RAILS_ENV was specified.
-        environments << 'test' if environment == 'development' && ENV['RAILS_ENV'].nil?
+        environments << 'test' if environment == 'development'
+
+        ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.slice(*environments).each do |configuration_environment, configuration|
+          next unless configuration["database"]
 
-        configurations = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.values_at(*environments)
-        configurations.compact.each do |configuration|
-          yield configuration unless configuration['database'].blank?
+          yield configuration, configuration_environment
         end
       end
 

data/lib/active_record/tasks/mysql_database_tasks.rb

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 module ActiveRecord
   module Tasks # :nodoc:
     class MySQLDatabaseTasks # :nodoc:
-      DEFAULT_CHARSET     = ENV['CHARSET']   || 'utf8'
-      DEFAULT_COLLATION   = ENV['COLLATION'] || 'utf8_unicode_ci'
       ACCESS_DENIED_ERROR = 1045
 
       delegate :connection, :establish_connection, to: ActiveRecord::Base
@@ -23,7 +21,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
       rescue error_class => error
         if error.respond_to?(:errno) && error.errno == ACCESS_DENIED_ERROR
-          $stdout.print error.error
+          $stdout.print error.message
           establish_connection root_configuration_without_database
           connection.create_database configuration['database'], creation_options
           if configuration['username'] != 'root'
@@ -59,6 +57,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
         args = prepare_command_options
         args.concat(["--result-file", "#{filename}"])
         args.concat(["--no-data"])
+        args.concat(["--routines"])
         args.concat(["#{configuration['database']}"])
 
         run_cmd('mysqldump', args, 'dumping')
@@ -86,12 +85,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
         Hash.new.tap do |options|
           options[:charset]     = configuration['encoding']   if configuration.include? 'encoding'
           options[:collation]   = configuration['collation']  if configuration.include? 'collation'
-
-          # Set default charset only when collation isn't set.
-          options[:charset]   ||= DEFAULT_CHARSET unless options[:collation]
-
-          # Set default collation only when charset is also default.
-          options[:collation] ||= DEFAULT_COLLATION if options[:charset] == DEFAULT_CHARSET
         end
       end
 
@@ -101,8 +94,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
           ArJdbcMySQL::Error
         elsif defined?(Mysql2)
           Mysql2::Error
-        elsif defined?(Mysql)
-          Mysql::Error
         else
           StandardError
         end
@@ -129,7 +120,7 @@ IDENTIFIED BY '#{configuration['password']}' WITH GRANT OPTION;
       end
 
       def prepare_command_options
-        {
+        args = {
           'host'      => '--host',
           'port'      => '--port',
           'socket'    => '--socket',
@@ -142,6 +133,8 @@ IDENTIFIED BY '#{configuration['password']}' WITH GRANT OPTION;
           'sslcipher' => '--ssl-cipher',
           'sslkey'    => '--ssl-key'
         }.map { |opt, arg| "#{arg}=#{configuration[opt]}" if configuration[opt] }.compact
+
+        args
       end
 
       def run_cmd(cmd, args, action)
@@ -149,8 +142,7 @@ IDENTIFIED BY '#{configuration['password']}' WITH GRANT OPTION;
       end
 
       def run_cmd_error(cmd, args, action)
-        msg = "failed to execute:\n"
-        msg << "#{cmd}"
+        msg = "failed to execute: `#{cmd}`\n"
         msg << "Please check the output above for any errors and make sure that `#{cmd}` is installed in your PATH and has proper permissions.\n\n"
         msg
       end

data/lib/active_record/tasks/postgresql_database_tasks.rb

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
           configuration.merge('encoding' => encoding)
         establish_connection configuration
       rescue ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid => error
-        if /database .* already exists/ === error.message
+        if error.cause.is_a?(PG::DuplicateDatabase)
           raise DatabaseAlreadyExists
         else
           raise
@@ -44,8 +44,17 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
       def structure_dump(filename)
         set_psql_env
+
+        search_path = case ActiveRecord::Base.dump_schemas
+        when :schema_search_path
+          configuration['schema_search_path']
+        when :all
+          nil
+        when String
+          ActiveRecord::Base.dump_schemas
+        end
+
         args = ['-s', '-x', '-O', '-f', filename]
-        search_path = configuration['schema_search_path']
         unless search_path.blank?
           args += search_path.split(',').map do |part|
             "--schema=#{part.strip}"
@@ -59,7 +68,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       def structure_load(filename)
         set_psql_env
         args = [ '-q', '-f', filename, configuration['database'] ]
-        run_cmd('psql', args, 'loading')
+        run_cmd('psql', args, 'loading' )
       end
 
       private

data/lib/active_record/tasks/sqlite_database_tasks.rb

@@ -19,11 +19,15 @@ module ActiveRecord
         path = Pathname.new configuration['database']
         file = path.absolute? ? path.to_s : File.join(root, path)
 
-        FileUtils.rm(file) if File.exist?(file)
+        FileUtils.rm(file)
+      rescue Errno::ENOENT => error
+        raise NoDatabaseError.new(error.message, error)
       end
 
       def purge
         drop
+      rescue NoDatabaseError
+      ensure
         create
       end
 

data/lib/active_record/timestamp.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 module ActiveRecord
-  # = Active Record Timestamp
+  # = Active Record \Timestamp
   #
   # Active Record automatically timestamps create and update operations if the
   # table has fields named <tt>created_at/created_on</tt> or
@@ -15,14 +15,25 @@ module ActiveRecord
   #
   # == Time Zone aware attributes
   #
-  # By default, ActiveRecord::Base keeps all the datetime columns time zone aware by executing following code.
+  # Active Record keeps all the <tt>datetime</tt> and <tt>time</tt> columns
+  # timezone aware. By default, these values are stored in the database as UTC
+  # and converted back to the current <tt>Time.zone</tt> when pulled from the database.
   #
-  #   config.active_record.time_zone_aware_attributes = true
+  # This feature can be turned off completely by setting:
   #
-  # This feature can easily be turned off by assigning value <tt>false</tt> .
+  #   config.active_record.time_zone_aware_attributes = false
   #
-  # If your attributes are time zone aware and you desire to skip time zone conversion to the current Time.zone
-  # when reading certain attributes then you can do following:
+  # You can also specify that only <tt>datetime</tt> columns should be time-zone
+  # aware (while <tt>time</tt> should not) by setting:
+  #
+  #   ActiveRecord::Base.time_zone_aware_types = [:datetime]
+  #
+  # You can also add database specific timezone aware types. For example, for PostgreSQL:
+  #
+  #   ActiveRecord::Base.time_zone_aware_types += [:tsrange, :tstzrange]
+  #
+  # Finally, you can indicate specific attributes of a model for which time zone
+  # conversion should not applied, for instance by setting:
   #
   #   class Topic < ActiveRecord::Base
   #     self.skip_time_zone_conversion_for_attributes = [:written_on]
@@ -57,8 +68,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
       super
     end
 
-    def _update_record(*args)
-      if should_record_timestamps?
+    def _update_record(*args, touch: true, **options)
+      if touch && should_record_timestamps?
         current_time = current_time_from_proper_timezone
 
         timestamp_attributes_for_update_in_model.each do |column|
@@ -67,7 +78,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
           write_attribute(column, current_time)
         end
       end
-      super
+      super(*args)
     end
 
     def should_record_timestamps?

data/lib/active_record/touch_later.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+module ActiveRecord
+  # = Active Record Touch Later
+  module TouchLater
+    extend ActiveSupport::Concern
+
+    included do
+      before_commit_without_transaction_enrollment :touch_deferred_attributes
+    end
+
+    def touch_later(*names) # :nodoc:
+      unless persisted?
+        raise ActiveRecordError, <<-MSG.squish
+          cannot touch on a new or destroyed record object. Consider using
+          persisted?, new_record?, or destroyed? before touching
+        MSG
+      end
+
+      @_defer_touch_attrs ||= timestamp_attributes_for_update_in_model
+      @_defer_touch_attrs |= names
+      @_touch_time = current_time_from_proper_timezone
+
+      surreptitiously_touch @_defer_touch_attrs
+      self.class.connection.add_transaction_record self
+
+      # touch the parents as we are not calling the after_save callbacks
+      self.class.reflect_on_all_associations(:belongs_to).each do |r|
+        if touch = r.options[:touch]
+          ActiveRecord::Associations::Builder::BelongsTo.touch_record(self, r.foreign_key, r.name, touch, :touch_later)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def touch(*names, time: nil) # :nodoc:
+      if has_defer_touch_attrs?
+        names |= @_defer_touch_attrs
+      end
+      super(*names, time: time)
+    end
+
+    private
+
+      def surreptitiously_touch(attrs)
+        attrs.each { |attr| write_attribute attr, @_touch_time }
+        clear_attribute_changes attrs
+      end
+
+      def touch_deferred_attributes
+        if has_defer_touch_attrs? && persisted?
+          touch(*@_defer_touch_attrs, time: @_touch_time)
+          @_defer_touch_attrs, @_touch_time = nil, nil
+        end
+      end
+
+      def has_defer_touch_attrs?
+        defined?(@_defer_touch_attrs) && @_defer_touch_attrs.present?
+      end
+
+      def belongs_to_touch_method
+        :touch_later
+      end
+
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_record/transactions.rb

@@ -4,32 +4,23 @@ module ActiveRecord
     extend ActiveSupport::Concern
     #:nodoc:
     ACTIONS = [:create, :destroy, :update]
-    #:nodoc:
-    CALLBACK_WARN_MESSAGE = "Currently, Active Record suppresses errors raised " \
-      "within `after_rollback`/`after_commit` callbacks and only print them to " \
-      "the logs. In the next version, these errors will no longer be suppressed. " \
-      "Instead, the errors will propagate normally just like in other Active " \
-      "Record callbacks.\n" \
-      "\n" \
-      "You can opt into the new behavior and remove this warning by setting:\n" \
-      "\n" \
-      "  config.active_record.raise_in_transactional_callbacks = true\n\n"
 
     included do
       define_callbacks :commit, :rollback,
-                       terminator: ->(_, result) { result == false },
+                       :before_commit,
+                       :before_commit_without_transaction_enrollment,
+                       :commit_without_transaction_enrollment,
+                       :rollback_without_transaction_enrollment,
+                       terminator: deprecated_false_terminator,
                        scope: [:kind, :name]
-
-      mattr_accessor :raise_in_transactional_callbacks, instance_writer: false
-      self.raise_in_transactional_callbacks = false
     end
 
     # = Active Record Transactions
     #
-    # Transactions are protective blocks where SQL statements are only permanent
+    # \Transactions are protective blocks where SQL statements are only permanent
     # if they can all succeed as one atomic action. The classic example is a
     # transfer between two accounts where you can only have a deposit if the
-    # withdrawal succeeded and vice versa. Transactions enforce the integrity of
+    # withdrawal succeeded and vice versa. \Transactions enforce the integrity of
     # the database and guard the data against program errors or database
     # break-downs. So basically you should use transaction blocks whenever you
     # have a number of statements that must be executed together or not at all.
@@ -49,20 +40,20 @@ module ActiveRecord
     #
     # == Different Active Record classes in a single transaction
     #
-    # Though the transaction class method is called on some Active Record class,
+    # Though the #transaction class method is called on some Active Record class,
     # the objects within the transaction block need not all be instances of
     # that class. This is because transactions are per-database connection, not
     # per-model.
     #
     # In this example a +balance+ record is transactionally saved even
-    # though +transaction+ is called on the +Account+ class:
+    # though #transaction is called on the +Account+ class:
     #
     #   Account.transaction do
     #     balance.save!
     #     account.save!
     #   end
     #
-    # The +transaction+ method is also available as a model instance method.
+    # The #transaction method is also available as a model instance method.
     # For example, you can also do this:
     #
     #   balance.transaction do
@@ -89,7 +80,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
     #
     # == +save+ and +destroy+ are automatically wrapped in a transaction
     #
-    # Both +save+ and +destroy+ come wrapped in a transaction that ensures
+    # Both {#save}[rdoc-ref:Persistence#save] and
+    # {#destroy}[rdoc-ref:Persistence#destroy] come wrapped in a transaction that ensures
     # that whatever you do in validations or callbacks will happen under its
     # protected cover. So you can use validations to check for values that
     # the transaction depends on or you can raise exceptions in the callbacks
@@ -98,7 +90,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
     # As a consequence changes to the database are not seen outside your connection
     # until the operation is complete. For example, if you try to update the index
     # of a search engine in +after_save+ the indexer won't see the updated record.
-    # The +after_commit+ callback is the only one that is triggered once the update
+    # The #after_commit callback is the only one that is triggered once the update
     # is committed. See below.
     #
     # == Exception handling and rolling back
@@ -107,11 +99,11 @@ module ActiveRecord
     # be propagated (after triggering the ROLLBACK), so you should be ready to
     # catch those in your application code.
     #
-    # One exception is the <tt>ActiveRecord::Rollback</tt> exception, which will trigger
+    # One exception is the ActiveRecord::Rollback exception, which will trigger
     # a ROLLBACK when raised, but not be re-raised by the transaction block.
     #
-    # *Warning*: one should not catch <tt>ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid</tt> exceptions
-    # inside a transaction block. <tt>ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid</tt> exceptions indicate that an
+    # *Warning*: one should not catch ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid exceptions
+    # inside a transaction block. ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid exceptions indicate that an
     # error occurred at the database level, for example when a unique constraint
     # is violated. On some database systems, such as PostgreSQL, database errors
     # inside a transaction cause the entire transaction to become unusable
@@ -132,16 +124,16 @@ module ActiveRecord
     #     # statement will cause a PostgreSQL error, even though the unique
     #     # constraint is no longer violated:
     #     Number.create(i: 1)
-    #     # => "PGError: ERROR:  current transaction is aborted, commands
+    #     # => "PG::Error: ERROR:  current transaction is aborted, commands
     #     #     ignored until end of transaction block"
     #   end
     #
     # One should restart the entire transaction if an
-    # <tt>ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid</tt> occurred.
+    # ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid occurred.
     #
     # == Nested transactions
     #
-    # +transaction+ calls can be nested. By default, this makes all database
+    # #transaction calls can be nested. By default, this makes all database
     # statements in the nested transaction block become part of the parent
     # transaction. For example, the following behavior may be surprising:
     #
@@ -153,7 +145,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
     #     end
     #   end
     #
-    # creates both "Kotori" and "Nemu". Reason is the <tt>ActiveRecord::Rollback</tt>
+    # creates both "Kotori" and "Nemu". Reason is the ActiveRecord::Rollback
     # exception in the nested block does not issue a ROLLBACK. Since these exceptions
     # are captured in transaction blocks, the parent block does not see it and the
     # real transaction is committed.
@@ -177,22 +169,22 @@ module ActiveRecord
     # writing, the only database that we're aware of that supports true nested
     # transactions, is MS-SQL. Because of this, Active Record emulates nested
     # transactions by using savepoints on MySQL and PostgreSQL. See
-    # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/savepoint.html
+    # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/savepoint.html
     # for more information about savepoints.
     #
-    # === Callbacks
+    # === \Callbacks
     #
     # There are two types of callbacks associated with committing and rolling back transactions:
-    # +after_commit+ and +after_rollback+.
+    # #after_commit and #after_rollback.
     #
-    # +after_commit+ callbacks are called on every record saved or destroyed within a
-    # transaction immediately after the transaction is committed. +after_rollback+ callbacks
+    # #after_commit callbacks are called on every record saved or destroyed within a
+    # transaction immediately after the transaction is committed. #after_rollback callbacks
     # are called on every record saved or destroyed within a transaction immediately after the
     # transaction or savepoint is rolled back.
     #
     # These callbacks are useful for interacting with other systems since you will be guaranteed
     # that the callback is only executed when the database is in a permanent state. For example,
-    # +after_commit+ is a good spot to put in a hook to clearing a cache since clearing it from
+    # #after_commit is a good spot to put in a hook to clearing a cache since clearing it from
     # within a transaction could trigger the cache to be regenerated before the database is updated.
     #
     # === Caveats
@@ -206,20 +198,24 @@ module ActiveRecord
     # automatically released. The following example demonstrates the problem:
     #
     #   Model.connection.transaction do                           # BEGIN
-    #     Model.connection.transaction(requires_new: true) do  # CREATE SAVEPOINT active_record_1
+    #     Model.connection.transaction(requires_new: true) do     # CREATE SAVEPOINT active_record_1
     #       Model.connection.create_table(...)                    # active_record_1 now automatically released
-    #     end                                                     # RELEASE savepoint active_record_1
+    #     end                                                     # RELEASE SAVEPOINT active_record_1
     #                                                             # ^^^^ BOOM! database error!
     #   end
     #
     # Note that "TRUNCATE" is also a MySQL DDL statement!
     module ClassMethods
-      # See ActiveRecord::Transactions::ClassMethods for detailed documentation.
+      # See the ConnectionAdapters::DatabaseStatements#transaction API docs.
       def transaction(options = {}, &block)
-        # See the ConnectionAdapters::DatabaseStatements#transaction API docs.
         connection.transaction(options, &block)
       end
 
+      def before_commit(*args, &block) # :nodoc:
+        set_options_for_callbacks!(args)
+        set_callback(:before_commit, :before, *args, &block)
+      end
+
       # This callback is called after a record has been created, updated, or destroyed.
       #
       # You can specify that the callback should only be fired by a certain action with
@@ -232,32 +228,69 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #   after_commit :do_foo_bar, on: [:create, :update]
       #   after_commit :do_bar_baz, on: [:update, :destroy]
       #
-      # Note that transactional fixtures do not play well with this feature. Please
-      # use the +test_after_commit+ gem to have these hooks fired in tests.
       def after_commit(*args, &block)
         set_options_for_callbacks!(args)
         set_callback(:commit, :after, *args, &block)
-        unless ActiveRecord::Base.raise_in_transactional_callbacks
-          ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(CALLBACK_WARN_MESSAGE)
-        end
+      end
+
+      # Shortcut for <tt>after_commit :hook, on: :create</tt>.
+      def after_create_commit(*args, &block)
+        set_options_for_callbacks!(args, on: :create)
+        set_callback(:commit, :after, *args, &block)
+      end
+
+      # Shortcut for <tt>after_commit :hook, on: :update</tt>.
+      def after_update_commit(*args, &block)
+        set_options_for_callbacks!(args, on: :update)
+        set_callback(:commit, :after, *args, &block)
+      end
+
+      # Shortcut for <tt>after_commit :hook, on: :destroy</tt>.
+      def after_destroy_commit(*args, &block)
+        set_options_for_callbacks!(args, on: :destroy)
+        set_callback(:commit, :after, *args, &block)
       end
 
       # This callback is called after a create, update, or destroy are rolled back.
       #
-      # Please check the documentation of +after_commit+ for options.
+      # Please check the documentation of #after_commit for options.
       def after_rollback(*args, &block)
         set_options_for_callbacks!(args)
         set_callback(:rollback, :after, *args, &block)
-        unless ActiveRecord::Base.raise_in_transactional_callbacks
-          ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(CALLBACK_WARN_MESSAGE)
-        end
+      end
+
+      def before_commit_without_transaction_enrollment(*args, &block) # :nodoc:
+        set_options_for_callbacks!(args)
+        set_callback(:before_commit_without_transaction_enrollment, :before, *args, &block)
+      end
+
+      def after_commit_without_transaction_enrollment(*args, &block) # :nodoc:
+        set_options_for_callbacks!(args)
+        set_callback(:commit_without_transaction_enrollment, :after, *args, &block)
+      end
+
+      def after_rollback_without_transaction_enrollment(*args, &block) # :nodoc:
+        set_options_for_callbacks!(args)
+        set_callback(:rollback_without_transaction_enrollment, :after, *args, &block)
+      end
+
+      def raise_in_transactional_callbacks
+        ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn('ActiveRecord::Base.raise_in_transactional_callbacks is deprecated and will be removed without replacement.')
+        true
+      end
+
+      def raise_in_transactional_callbacks=(value)
+        ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn('ActiveRecord::Base.raise_in_transactional_callbacks= is deprecated, has no effect and will be removed without replacement.')
+        value
       end
 
       private
 
-      def set_options_for_callbacks!(args)
-        options = args.last
-        if options.is_a?(Hash) && options[:on]
+      def set_options_for_callbacks!(args, enforced_options = {})
+        options = args.extract_options!.merge!(enforced_options)
+        args << options
+
+        if options[:on]
           fire_on = Array(options[:on])
           assert_valid_transaction_action(fire_on)
           options[:if] = Array(options[:if])
@@ -306,26 +339,37 @@ module ActiveRecord
       clear_transaction_record_state
     end
 
-    # Call the +after_commit+ callbacks.
+    def before_committed! # :nodoc:
+      _run_before_commit_without_transaction_enrollment_callbacks
+      _run_before_commit_callbacks
+    end
+
+    # Call the #after_commit callbacks.
     #
     # Ensure that it is not called if the object was never persisted (failed create),
     # but call it after the commit of a destroyed object.
-    def committed!(should_run_callbacks = true) #:nodoc:
-      _run_commit_callbacks if should_run_callbacks && destroyed? || persisted?
+    def committed!(should_run_callbacks: true) #:nodoc:
+      if should_run_callbacks && destroyed? || persisted?
+        _run_commit_without_transaction_enrollment_callbacks
+        _run_commit_callbacks
+      end
     ensure
       force_clear_transaction_record_state
     end
 
-    # Call the +after_rollback+ callbacks. The +force_restore_state+ argument indicates if the record
+    # Call the #after_rollback callbacks. The +force_restore_state+ argument indicates if the record
     # state should be rolled back to the beginning or just to the last savepoint.
-    def rolledback!(force_restore_state = false, should_run_callbacks = true) #:nodoc:
-      _run_rollback_callbacks if should_run_callbacks
+    def rolledback!(force_restore_state: false, should_run_callbacks: true) #:nodoc:
+      if should_run_callbacks
+        _run_rollback_callbacks
+        _run_rollback_without_transaction_enrollment_callbacks
+      end
     ensure
       restore_transaction_record_state(force_restore_state)
       clear_transaction_record_state
     end
 
-    # Add the record to the current transaction so that the +after_rollback+ and +after_commit+ callbacks
+    # Add the record to the current transaction so that the #after_rollback and #after_commit callbacks
     # can be called.
     def add_to_transaction
       if has_transactional_callbacks?
@@ -423,5 +467,43 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
       end
     end
+
+    private
+
+    def set_transaction_state(state) # :nodoc:
+      @transaction_state = state
+    end
+
+    def has_transactional_callbacks? # :nodoc:
+      !_rollback_callbacks.empty? || !_commit_callbacks.empty? || !_before_commit_callbacks.empty?
+    end
+
+    # Updates the attributes on this particular Active Record object so that
+    # if it's associated with a transaction, then the state of the Active Record
+    # object will be updated to reflect the current state of the transaction
+    #
+    # The +@transaction_state+ variable stores the states of the associated
+    # transaction. This relies on the fact that a transaction can only be in
+    # one rollback or commit (otherwise a list of states would be required)
+    # Each Active Record object inside of a transaction carries that transaction's
+    # TransactionState.
+    #
+    # This method checks to see if the ActiveRecord object's state reflects
+    # the TransactionState, and rolls back or commits the Active Record object
+    # as appropriate.
+    #
+    # Since Active Record objects can be inside multiple transactions, this
+    # method recursively goes through the parent of the TransactionState and
+    # checks if the Active Record object reflects the state of the object.
+    def sync_with_transaction_state
+      update_attributes_from_transaction_state(@transaction_state)
+    end
+
+    def update_attributes_from_transaction_state(transaction_state)
+      if transaction_state && transaction_state.finalized?
+        restore_transaction_record_state if transaction_state.rolledback?
+        clear_transaction_record_state
+      end
+    end
   end
 end