activerecord 4.2.11.1 → 5.0.0

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data/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,2033 +1,2120 @@
-## Rails 4.2.11.1 (March 11, 2019) ##
+## Rails 5.0.0 (June 30, 2016) ##
 
-*   No changes.
-
-
-## Rails 4.2.11 (November 27, 2018) ##
-
-*   No changes.
-
-
-## Rails 4.2.10 (September 27, 2017) ##
-
-*   `Relation#joins` is no longer affected by the target model's
-    `current_scope`, with the exception of `unscoped`.
-
-    Fixes #29338.
+*   Ensure hashes can be assigned to attributes created using `composed_of`.
+    Fixes #25210.
 
     *Sean Griffin*
 
-## Rails 4.2.9 (June 26, 2017) ##
-
-*   Fix regression caused by `collection_singular_ids=` ignoring different primary key on relationship.
-
-    *Nick Pezza*
+*   Fix logging edge case where if an attribute was of the binary type and
+    was provided as a Hash.
 
-*   Fix `rake db:schema:load` with subdirectories.
+    *Jon Moss*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   Fix `rake db:migrate:status` with subdirectories.
+*   Handle JSON deserialization correctly if the column default from database
+    adapter returns `''` instead of `nil`.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Johannes Opper*
 
-*   Fix regression of #1969 with SELECT aliases in HAVING clause.
+*   PostgreSQL: Support Expression Indexes and Operator Classes.
 
-    *Eugene Kenny*
+    Example:
 
-*   Fix `wait_timeout` to configurable for mysql2 adapter.
+        create_table :users do |t|
+          t.string :name
+          t.index 'lower(name) varchar_pattern_ops'
+        end
 
-    Fixes #26556.
+    Fixes #19090, #21765, #21819, #24359.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Make `table_name=` reset current statement cache,
-    so queries are not run against the previous table name.
-
-    *namusyaka*
+*   MySQL: Prepared statements support.
 
+    To enable, set `prepared_statements: true` in config/database.yml.
+    Requires mysql2 0.4.4+.
 
-## Rails 4.2.8 (February 21, 2017) ##
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Using a mysql2 connection after it fails to reconnect will now have an error message
-    saying the connection is closed rather than an undefined method error message.
+*   Schema dumper: Indexes are now included in the `create_table` block
+    instead of listed afterward as separate `add_index` lines.
 
-    *Dylan Thacker-Smith*
+    This tidies up schema.rb and makes it easy to read as a list of tables.
 
-*   Bust Model.attribute_names cache when resetting column information
+    Bonus: Allows databases that support it (MySQL) to perform as single
+    `CREATE TABLE` query, no additional query per index.
 
-    *James Coleman*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Fix query caching when type information is reset
+*   SQLite: Fix uniqueness validation when values exceed the column limit.
 
-    Backports ancillary fix in 5.0.
+    SQLite doesn't impose length restrictions on strings, BLOBs, or numeric
+    values. It treats them as helpful metadata. When we truncate strings
+    before checking uniqueness, we'd miss values that exceed the column limit.
 
-    *James Coleman*
+    Other databases enforce length limits. A large value will pass uniqueness
+    validation since the column limit guarantees no value that long exists.
+    When we insert the row, it'll raise `ActiveRecord::ValueTooLong` as we
+    expect.
 
-*   Allow `joins` to be unscoped.
-
-    Fixes #13775.
+    This fixes edge-case incorrect validation failures for values that exceed
+    the column limit but are identical to an existing value *when truncated*.
+    Now these will pass validation and raise an exception.
 
-    *Takashi Kokubun*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Hashes can once again be passed to setters of `composed_of`, if all of the
-    mapping methods are methods implemented on `Hash`.
+*   Raise `ActiveRecord::ValueTooLong` when column limits are exceeded.
+    Supported by MySQL and PostgreSQL adapters.
 
-    Fixes #25978.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+*   Migrations: `#foreign_key` respects `table_name_prefix` and `_suffix`.
 
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-## Rails 4.2.7 (July 12, 2016) ##
+*   SQLite: Force NOT NULL primary keys.
 
-*   Inspecting an object with an associated array of over 10 elements no longer
-    truncates the array, preventing `inspect` from looping infinitely in some
-    cases.
+    From SQLite docs: https://www.sqlite.org/lang_createtable.html
+        According to the SQL standard, PRIMARY KEY should always imply NOT
+        NULL. Unfortunately, due to a bug in some early versions, this is not
+        the case in SQLite. Unless the column is an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY or the
+        table is a WITHOUT ROWID table or the column is declared NOT NULL,
+        SQLite allows NULL values in a PRIMARY KEY column. SQLite could be
+        fixed to conform to the standard, but doing so might break legacy
+        applications. Hence, it has been decided to merely document the fact
+        that SQLite allowing NULLs in most PRIMARY KEY columns.
 
-    *Kevin McPhillips*
+    Now we override column options to explicitly set NOT NULL rather than rely
+    on implicit NOT NULL like MySQL and PostgreSQL adapters.
 
-*   Ensure hashes can be assigned to attributes created using `composed_of`.
-    Fixes #25210.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+*   Added notice when a database is successfully created or dropped.
 
-*   Queries such as `Computer.joins(:monitor).group(:status).count` will now be
-    interpreted as  `Computer.joins(:monitor).group('computers.status').count`
-    so that when `Computer` and `Monitor` have both `status` columns we don't
-    have conflicts in projection.
-
-    *Rafael Sales*
+    Example:
 
-*   ActiveRecord::Relation#count: raise an ArgumentError when finder options
-    are specified or an ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid when an invalid type
-    is provided for a column name (e.g. a Hash).
+        $ bin/rails db:create
+        Created database 'blog_development'
+        Created database 'blog_test'
 
-    Fixes #20434
+        $ bin/rails db:drop
+        Dropped database 'blog_development'
+        Dropped database 'blog_test'
 
-    *Konstantinos Rousis*
+    Changed older notices
+    `blog_development already exists` to `Database 'blog_development' already exists`.
+    and
+    `Couldn't drop blog_development` to `Couldn't drop database 'blog_development'`.
 
-*   Correctly pass MySQL options when using structure_dump or structure_load
+    *bogdanvlviv*
 
-    Specifically, it fixes an issue when using SSL authentication.
+*   Database comments. Annotate database objects (tables, columns, indexes)
+    with comments stored in database metadata. PostgreSQL & MySQL support.
 
-    *Alex Coomans*
+        create_table :pages, force: :cascade, comment: 'CMS content pages' do |t|
+          t.string :path,   comment: 'Path fragment of page URL used for routing'
+          t.string :locale, comment: 'RFC 3066 locale code of website language section'
+          t.index [:path, :locale], comment: 'Look up pages by URI'
+        end
 
+    *Andrey Novikov*
 
-## Rails 4.2.6 (March 07, 2016) ##
+*   Add `quoted_time` for truncating the date part of a TIME column value.
+    This fixes queries on TIME column on MariaDB, as it doesn't ignore the
+    date part of the string when it coerces to time.
 
-*   Fix a bug where using `t.foreign_key` twice with the same `to_table` within
-    the same table definition would only create one foreign key.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *George Millo*
+*   Properly accept all valid JSON primitives in the JSON data type.
 
-*   Fix regression in dirty attribute tracking after #dup.  Changes to the
-    clone no longer show as changed attributes in the original object.
+    Fixes #24234
 
-    *Dominic Cleal*
+    *Sean Griffin*
 
-*   Fix regression when loading fixture files with symbol keys.
+*   MariaDB 5.3+ supports microsecond datetime precision.
 
-    Closes #22584.
+    *Jeremy Daer*
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+*   Delegate `none?` and `one?`. Now they can be invoked as model class methods.
 
-*   Fix `rake db:structure:dump` on Postgres when multiple schemas are used.
+    Example:
 
-    Fixes #22346.
+        # When no record is found on the table
+        Topic.none?  # => true
 
-    *Nick Muerdter*, *ckoenig*
+        # When only one record is found on the table
+        Topic.one?   # => true
 
-*   Introduce `connection.data_sources` and `connection.data_source_exists?`.
-    These methods determine what relations can be used to back Active Record
-    models (usually tables and views).
+    *Kenta Shirai*
 
-    *Yves Senn*, *Matthew Draper*
+*   The form builder now properly displays values when passing a proc form
+    default to the attributes API.
 
+    Fixes #24249.
 
-## Rails 4.2.5.2 (February 26, 2016) ##
-
-*   No changes.
+    *Sean Griffin*
 
+*   The schema cache is now cleared after the `db:migrate` task is run.
 
-## Rails 4.2.5.1 (January 25, 2015) ##
+    Closes #24273.
 
-*   No changes.
+    *Chris Arcand*
 
+*   MySQL: strict mode respects other SQL modes rather than overwriting them.
+    Setting `strict: true` adds `STRICT_ALL_TABLES` to `sql_mode`. Setting
+    `strict: false` removes `STRICT_TRANS_TABLES`, `STRICT_ALL_TABLES`, and
+    `TRADITIONAL` from `sql_mode`.
 
-## Rails 4.2.5 (November 12, 2015) ##
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   No longer pass deprecated option `-i` to `pg_dump`.
+*   Execute default_scope defined by abstract class in the context of subclass.
 
-    *Paul Sadauskas*
+    Fixes #23413.
+    Fixes #10658.
 
-*   Set `scope.reordering_value` to `true` if :reordering values are specified.
+    *Mehmet Emin İNAÇ*
 
-    Fixes #21886.
+*   Fix an issue when preloading associations with extensions.
+    Previously every association with extension methods was transformed into an
+    instance dependent scope. This is no longer the case.
 
-    *Hiroaki Izu*
+    Fixes #23934.
 
-*   Avoid disabling errors on the PostgreSQL connection when enabling the
-    standard_conforming_strings setting. Errors were previously disabled because
-    the setting wasn't writable in Postgres 8.1 and didn't exist in earlier
-    versions. Now Rails only supports Postgres 8.2+ we're fine to assume the
-    setting exists. Disabling errors caused problems when using a connection
-    pooling tool like PgBouncer because it's not guaranteed to have the same
-    connection between calls to `execute` and it could leave the connection
-    with errors disabled.
+    *Yves Senn*
 
-    Fixes #22101.
+*   Deprecate `{insert|update|delete}_sql` in `DatabaseStatements`.
+    Use the `{insert|update|delete}` public methods instead.
 
-    *Harry Marr*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Includes HABTM returns correct size now. It's caused by the join dependency
-    only instantiates one HABTM object because the join table hasn't a primary key.
+*   Added a configuration option to have active record raise an ArgumentError
+    if the order or limit is ignored in a batch query, rather than logging a
+    warning message.
 
-    Fixes #16032.
+    *Scott Ringwelski*
 
-    Examples:
+*   Honour the order of the joining model in a `has_many :through` association when eager loading.
 
-        before:
+    Example:
 
-        Project.first.salaried_developers.size # => 3
-        Project.includes(:salaried_developers).first.salaried_developers.size # => 1
+    The below will now follow the order of `by_lines` when eager loading `authors`.
 
-        after:
+        class Article < ActiveRecord::Base
+          has_many :by_lines, -> { order(:position) }
+          has_many :authors, through: :by_lines
+        end
 
-        Project.first.salaried_developers.size # => 3
-        Project.includes(:salaried_developers).first.salaried_developers.size # => 3
+    Fixes #17864.
 
-    *Bigxiang*
+    *Yasyf Mohamedali*, *Joel Turkel*
 
-*   Descriptive error message when fixtures contain a missing column.
+*   Ensure that the Suppressor runs before validations.
 
-    Closes #21201.
+    This moves the suppressor up to be run before validations rather than after
+    validations. There's no reason to validate a record you aren't planning on saving.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-*   `bin/rake db:migrate` uses
-    `ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.migrations_paths` instead of
-    `Migrator.migrations_paths`.
+*   Save many-to-many objects based on association primary key.
 
-    *Tobias Bielohlawek*
+    Fixes #20995.
 
-*   Fix `rewhere` in a `has_many` association.
+    *himesh-r*
 
-    Fixes #21955.
+*   Ensure that mutations of the array returned from `ActiveRecord::Relation#to_a`
+    do not affect the original relation, by returning a duplicate array each time.
 
-    *Josh Branchaud*, *Kal*
+    This brings the behavior in line with `CollectionProxy#to_a`, which was
+    already more careful.
 
-*   Added run_cmd class method to ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks for
-    drying up Kernel.system() calls within this namespace and to avoid
-    shell expansion by using a paramter list instead of string as arguments
-    for Kernel.system(). Thanks to Nate Berkopec for supply patch to get
-    test units passing.
+    *Matthew Draper*
 
-    *Bryan Paxton*
+*   Fixed `where` for polymorphic associations when passed an array containing different types.
 
-*   Avoid leaking the first relation we call `first` on, per model.
+    Fixes #17011.
 
-    Fixes #21921.
+    Example:
 
-    *Matthew Draper*, *Jean Boussier*
+        PriceEstimate.where(estimate_of: [Treasure.find(1), Car.find(2)])
+        # => SELECT "price_estimates".* FROM "price_estimates"
+             WHERE (("price_estimates"."estimate_of_type" = 'Treasure' AND "price_estimates"."estimate_of_id" = 1)
+             OR ("price_estimates"."estimate_of_type" = 'Car' AND "price_estimates"."estimate_of_id" = 2))
 
-*   Allow deserialization of Active Record models that were YAML encoded prior
-    to Rails 4.2
+    *Philippe Huibonhoa*
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+*   Fix a bug where using `t.foreign_key` twice with the same `to_table` within
+    the same table definition would only create one foreign key.
 
-*   Correctly apply `unscope` when preloading through associations.
+    *George Millo*
 
-    *Jimmy Bourassa*
+*   Fix a regression on has many association, where calling a child from parent in child's callback
+    results in same child records getting added repeatedly to target.
 
-*   Ensure `select` quotes aliased attributes, even when using `from`.
+    Fixes #13387.
 
-    Fixes #21488
+    *Bogdan Gusiev*, *Jon Hinson*
 
-    *Sean Griffin & @johanlunds*
+*   Rework `ActiveRecord::Relation#last`.
 
-*   Correct query for PostgreSQL 8.2 compatibility.
+    1. Never perform additional SQL on loaded relation
+    2. Use SQL reverse order instead of loading relation if relation doesn't have limit
+    3. Deprecated relation loading when SQL order can not be automatically reversed
 
-    *Ben Murphy*, *Matthew Draper*
+        Topic.order("title").load.last(3)
+          # before: SELECT ...
+          # after: No SQL
 
-*   Uniqueness validator raises descriptive error when running on a persisted
-    record without primary key.
+        Topic.order("title").last
+          # before: SELECT * FROM `topics`
+          # after:  SELECT * FROM `topics` ORDER BY `topics`.`title` DESC LIMIT 1
 
-    Closes #21304.
+        Topic.order("coalesce(author, title)").last
+          # before: SELECT * FROM `topics`
+          # after:  Deprecation Warning for irreversible order
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    *Bogdan Gusiev*
 
+*   Allow `joins` to be unscoped.
 
-## Rails 4.2.4 (August 24, 2015) ##
+    Fixes #13775.
 
-*   Skip statement cache on through association reader.
+    *Takashi Kokubun*
 
-    If the through class has default scopes we should skip the statement
-    cache.
+*   Add ActiveRecord `#second_to_last` and `#third_to_last` methods.
 
-    Closes #20745.
+    *Brian Christian*
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+*   Added `numeric` helper into migrations.
 
-*   Fixes #19420. When generating schema.rb using Postgres BigInt[] data type
-    the limit: 8 was not coming through. This caused it to become Int[] data type
-    after doing a rebuild off of schema.rb.
+    Example:
 
-    *Jake Waller*
+        create_table(:numeric_types) do |t|
+          t.numeric :numeric_type, precision: 10, scale: 2
+        end
 
-*   Fix state being carried over from previous transaction.
+    *Mehmet Emin İNAÇ*
 
-    Considering the following example where `name` is a required attribute.
-    Before we had `new_record?` returning `true` for a persisted record:
+*   Bumped the minimum supported version of PostgreSQL to >= 9.1.
+    Both PG 9.0 and 8.4 are past their end of life date:
+    http://www.postgresql.org/support/versioning/
 
-        author = Author.create! name: 'foo'
-        author.name = nil
-        author.save        # => false
-        author.new_record? # => true
+    *Remo Mueller*
 
-    Fixes #20824.
+*   `ActiveRecord::Relation#reverse_order` throws `ActiveRecord::IrreversibleOrderError`
+    when the order can not be reversed using current trivial algorithm.
+    Also raises the same error when `#reverse_order` is called on
+    relation without any order and table has no primary key:
 
-    *Roque Pinel*
+        Topic.order("concat(author_name, title)").reverse_order
+          # Before: SELECT `topics`.* FROM `topics` ORDER BY concat(author_name DESC, title) DESC
+          # After: raises ActiveRecord::IrreversibleOrderError
+        Edge.all.reverse_order
+          # Before: SELECT `edges`.* FROM `edges` ORDER BY `edges`.`` DESC
+          # After: raises ActiveRecord::IrreversibleOrderError
 
-*   Correctly ignore `mark_for_destruction` when `autosave` isn't set to `true`
-    when validating associations.
+    *Bogdan Gusiev*
 
-    Fixes #20882.
+*   Improve schema_migrations insertion performance by inserting all versions
+    in one INSERT SQL.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    *Akira Matsuda*, *Naoto Koshikawa*
 
-*   Fix through associations using scopes having the scope merged multiple
-    times.
+*   Using `references` or `belongs_to` in migrations will always add index
+    for the referenced column by default, without adding `index: true` option
+    to generated migration file. Users can opt out of this by passing
+    `index: false`.
 
-    Fixes #20721.
-    Fixes #20727.
+    Fixes #18146.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    *Matthew Draper*, *Prathamesh Sonpatki*
 
-*   `ActiveRecord::Base.dump_schema_after_migration` applies migration tasks
-    other than `db:migrate`. (eg. `db:rollback`, `db:migrate:dup`, ...)
+*   Run `type` attributes through attributes API type-casting before
+    instantiating the corresponding subclass. This makes it possible to define
+    custom STI mappings.
 
-    Fixes #20743.
+    Fixes #21986.
 
     *Yves Senn*
 
-*   Correctly raise `ActiveRecord::AssociationTypeMismatch` when assigning
-    a wrong type to a namespaced association.
-
-    Fixes #20545.
-
-    *Diego Carrion*
-
-*   Prevent error when using `force_reload: true` on an unassigned polymorphic
-    belongs_to association.
-
-    Fixes #20426.
-
-    *James Dabbs*
-
+*   Don't try to quote functions or expressions passed to `:default` option if
+    they are passed as procs.
 
-## Rails 4.2.3 (June 25, 2015) ##
+    This will generate proper query with the passed function or expression for
+    the default option, instead of trying to quote it in incorrect fashion.
 
-*   Let `WITH` queries (Common Table Expressions) be explainable.
-
-    *Vladimir Kochnev*
-
-*   Fix n+1 query problem when eager loading nil associations (fixes #18312)
-
-    *Sammy Larbi*
+    Example:
 
-*   Fixed an error which would occur in dirty checking when calling
-    `update_attributes` from a getter.
+        create_table :posts do |t|
+          t.datetime :published_at, default: -> { 'NOW()' }
+        end
 
-    Fixes #20531.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+*   Fix regression when loading fixture files with symbol keys.
 
-*   Ensure symbols passed to `ActiveRecord::Relation#select` are always treated
-    as columns.
+    Fixes #22584.
 
-    Fixes #20360.
+    *Yves Senn*
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+*   Use `version` column as primary key for schema_migrations table because
+    `schema_migrations` versions are guaranteed to be unique.
 
-*   Clear query cache when `ActiveRecord::Base#reload` is called.
+    This makes it possible to use `update_attributes` on models that do
+    not have a primary key.
 
-    *Shane Hender*
+    *Richard Schneeman*
 
-*   Pass `:extend` option for `has_and_belongs_to_many` associations to the
-    underlying `has_many :through`.
+*   Add short-hand methods for text and blob types in MySQL.
 
-    *Jaehyun Shin*
+    In Pg and Sqlite3, `:text` and `:binary` have variable unlimited length.
+    But in MySQL, these have limited length for each types (ref #21591, #21619).
+    This change adds short-hand methods for each text and blob types.
 
-*   Make `unscope` aware of "less than" and "greater than" conditions.
+    Example:
 
-    *TAKAHASHI Kazuaki*
+        create_table :foos do |t|
+          t.tinyblob   :tiny_blob
+          t.mediumblob :medium_blob
+          t.longblob   :long_blob
+          t.tinytext   :tiny_text
+          t.mediumtext :medium_text
+          t.longtext   :long_text
+        end
 
-*   Revert behavior of `db:schema:load` back to loading the full
-    environment. This ensures that initializers are run.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    Fixes #19545.
+*   Take into account UTC offset when assigning string representation of
+    timestamp with offset specified to attribute of time type.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    *Andrey Novikov*
 
-*   Fix missing index when using `timestamps` with the `index` option.
+*   When calling `first` with a `limit` argument, return directly from the
+    `loaded?` records if available.
 
-    The `index` option used with `timestamps` should be passed to both
-    `column` definitions for `created_at` and `updated_at` rather than just
-    the first.
+    *Ben Woosley*
 
-    *Paul Mucur*
+*   Deprecate sending the `offset` argument to `find_nth`. Please use the
+    `offset` method on relation instead.
 
-*   Rename `:class` to `:anonymous_class` in association options.
+    *Ben Woosley*
 
-    Fixes #19659.
+*   Limit record touching to once per transaction.
 
-    *Andrew White*
+    If you have a parent/grand-parent relation like:
 
-*   Fixed a bug where uniqueness validations would error on out of range values,
-    even if an validation should have prevented it from hitting the database.
+        Comment belongs_to :message, touch: true
+        Message belongs_to :project, touch: true
+        Project belongs_to :account, touch: true
 
-    *Andrey Voronkov*
+    When the lowest entry(`Comment`) is saved, now, it won't repeat the touch
+    call multiple times for the parent records.
 
-*   Foreign key related methods in the migration DSL respect
-    `ActiveRecord::Base.pluralize_table_names = false`.
+    Related #18606.
 
-    Fixes #19643.
+    *arthurnn*
 
-    *Mehmet Emin İNAÇ*
+*   Order the result of `find(ids)` to match the passed array, if the relation
+    has no explicit order defined.
 
-*   Reduce memory usage from loading types on pg.
+    Fixes #20338.
 
-    Fixes #19578.
+    *Miguel Grazziotin*, *Matthew Draper*
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+*   Omit default limit values in dumped schema. It's tidier, and if the defaults
+    change in the future, we can address that via Migration API Versioning.
 
-*   Fix referencing wrong table aliases while joining tables of has many through
-    association (only when calling calculation methods).
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-    Fixes #19276.
+*   Support passing the schema name as a prefix to table name in
+    `ConnectionAdapters::SchemaStatements#indexes`. Previously the prefix would
+    be considered a full part of the index name, and only the schema in the
+    current search path would be considered.
 
-    *pinglamb*
+    *Grey Baker*
 
-*   Don't attempt to update counter caches, when the column wasn't selected.
+*   Ignore index name in `index_exists?` and `remove_index` when not passed a
+    name to check for.
 
-    Fixes #19437.
+    *Grey Baker*
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+*   Extract support for the legacy `mysql` database adapter from core. It will
+    live on in a separate gem for now, but most users should just use `mysql2`.
 
-*   Correctly persist a serialized attribute that has been returned to
-    its default value by an in-place modification.
+    *Abdelkader Boudih*
 
-    Fixes #19467.
+*   ApplicationRecord is a new superclass for all app models, analogous to app
+    controllers subclassing ApplicationController instead of
+    ActionController::Base. This gives apps a single spot to configure app-wide
+    model behavior.
 
-    *Matthew Draper*
+    Newly generated applications have `app/models/application_record.rb`
+    present by default.
 
-*   Fix default `format` value in `ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks#schema_file`.
+    *Genadi Samokovarov*
 
-    *James Cox*
+*   Version the API presented to migration classes, so we can change parameter
+    defaults without breaking existing migrations, or forcing them to be
+    rewritten through a deprecation cycle.
 
-*   Dont enroll records in the transaction if they dont have commit callbacks.
-    That was causing a memory grow problem when creating a lot of records inside a transaction.
+    New migrations specify the Rails version they were written for:
 
-    Fixes #15549.
+        class AddStatusToOrders < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
+          def change
+            # ...
+          end
+        end
 
-    *Will Bryant*, *Aaron Patterson*
+    *Matthew Draper*, *Ravil Bayramgalin*
 
-*   Correctly create through records when created on a has many through
-    association when using `where`.
+*   Use bind params for `limit` and `offset`. This will generate significantly
+    fewer prepared statements for common tasks like pagination. To support this
+    change, passing a string containing a comma to `limit` has been deprecated,
+    and passing an Arel node to `limit` is no longer supported.
 
-    Fixes #19073.
+    Fixes #22250.
 
     *Sean Griffin*
 
+*   Introduce after_{create,update,delete}_commit callbacks.
 
-## Rails 4.2.2 (June 16, 2015) ##
+    Before:
 
-* No Changes *
+        after_commit :add_to_index_later, on: :create
+        after_commit :update_in_index_later, on: :update
+        after_commit :remove_from_index_later, on: :destroy
 
+    After:
 
-## Rails 4.2.1 (March 19, 2015) ##
+        after_create_commit  :add_to_index_later
+        after_update_commit  :update_in_index_later
+        after_destroy_commit :remove_from_index_later
 
-*   Fixed ActiveRecord::Relation#becomes! and changed_attributes issues for type column
+    Fixes #22515.
 
-    Fixes #17139.
+    *Genadi Samokovarov*
 
-    *Miklos Fazekas*
+*   Respect the column default values for `inheritance_column` when
+    instantiating records through the base class.
 
-*   `remove_reference` with `foreign_key: true` removes the foreign key before
-    removing the column. This fixes a bug where it was not possible to remove
-    the column on MySQL.
-
-    Fixes #18664.
+    Fixes #17121.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   Add a `:foreign_key` option to `references` and associated migration
-    methods. The model and migration generators now use this option, rather than
-    the `add_foreign_key` form.
+    Example:
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+        # The schema of BaseModel has `t.string :type, default: 'SubType'`
+        subtype = BaseModel.new
+        assert_equals SubType, subtype.class
 
-*   Fix rounding problem for PostgreSQL timestamp column.
+    *Kuldeep Aggarwal*
 
-    If timestamp column have the precision, it need to format according to
-    the precision of timestamp column.
+*   Fix `rake db:structure:dump` on Postgres when multiple schemas are used.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    Fixes #22346.
 
-*   Respect the database default charset for `schema_migrations` table.
+    *Nick Muerdter*, *ckoenig*
 
-    The charset of `version` column in `schema_migrations` table is depend
-    on the database default charset and collation rather than the encoding
-    of the connection.
+*   Add schema dumping support for PostgreSQL geometric data types.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Respect custom primary keys for associations when calling `Relation#where`
-
-    Fixes #18813.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Fixed several edge cases which could result in a counter cache updating
-    twice or not updating at all for `has_many` and `has_many :through`.
-
-    Fixes #10865.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Foreign keys added by migrations were given random, generated names. This
-    meant a different `structure.sql` would be generated every time a developer
-    ran migrations on their machine.
-
-    The generated part of foreign key names is now a hash of the table name and
-    column name, which is consistent every time you run the migration.
+*   Except keys of `build_record`'s argument from `create_scope` in `initialize_attributes`.
 
-    *Chris Sinjakli*
+    Fixes #21893.
 
-*   Fixed ActiveRecord::Relation#group method when argument is SQL reserved key word:
+    *Yuichiro Kaneko*
 
-      SplitTest.group(:key).count
-      Property.group(:value).count
+*   Deprecate `connection.tables` on the SQLite3 and MySQL adapters.
+    Also deprecate passing arguments to `#tables`.
+    And deprecate `table_exists?`.
 
-    *Bogdan Gusiev*
+    The `#tables` method of some adapters (mysql, mysql2, sqlite3) would return
+    both tables and views while others (postgresql) just return tables. To make
+    their behavior consistent, `#tables` will return only tables in the future.
 
-*   Don't define autosave association callbacks twice from
-    `accepts_nested_attributes_for`.
+    The `#table_exists?` method would check both tables and views. To make
+    their behavior consistent with `#tables`, `#table_exists?` will check only
+    tables in the future.
 
-    Fixes #18704.
+    *Yuichiro Kaneko*
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+*   Improve support for non Active Record objects on `validates_associated`
 
-*   Integer types will no longer raise a `RangeError` when assigning an
-    attribute, but will instead raise when going to the database.
+    Skipping `marked_for_destruction?` when the associated object does not responds
+    to it make easier to validate virtual associations built on top of Active Model
+    objects and/or serialized objects that implement a `valid?` instance method.
 
-    Fixes several vague issues which were never reported directly. See the
-    commit message from the commit which added this line for some examples.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Values which would error while being sent to the database (such as an
-    ASCII-8BIT string with invalid UTF-8 bytes on Sqlite3), no longer error on
-    assignment. They will still error when sent to the database, but you are
-    given the ability to re-assign it to a valid value.
+    *Kassio Borges*, *Lucas Mazza*
 
-    Fixes #18580.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
+*   Change connection management middleware to return a new response with
+    a body proxy, rather than mutating the original.
 
-*   Don't remove join dependencies in `Relation#exists?`
+    *Kevin Buchanan*
 
-    Fixes #18632.
+*   Make `db:migrate:status` to render `1_some.rb` format migrate files.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    These files are in `db/migrate`:
 
-*   Invalid values assigned to a JSON column are assumed to be `nil`.
+        * 1_valid_people_have_last_names.rb
+        * 20150819202140_irreversible_migration.rb
+        * 20150823202140_add_admin_flag_to_users.rb
+        * 20150823202141_migration_tests.rb
+        * 2_we_need_reminders.rb
+        * 3_innocent_jointable.rb
 
-    Fixes #18629.
+    Before:
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+        $ bundle exec rake db:migrate:status
+        ...
 
-*   No longer issue deprecation warning when including a scope with extensions.
-    Previously every scope with extension methods was transformed into an
-    instance dependent scope. Including such a scope would wrongfully issue a
-    deprecation warning. This is no longer the case.
+         Status   Migration ID    Migration Name
+        --------------------------------------------------
+           up     001             ********** NO FILE **********
+           up     002             ********** NO FILE **********
+           up     003             ********** NO FILE **********
+           up     20150819202140  Irreversible migration
+           up     20150823202140  Add admin flag to users
+           up     20150823202141  Migration tests
 
-    Fixes #18467.
+    After:
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+        $ bundle exec rake db:migrate:status
+        ...
 
-*   Correctly use the type provided by `serialize` when updating records using
-    optimistic locking.
+         Status   Migration ID    Migration Name
+        --------------------------------------------------
+           up     001             Valid people have last names
+           up     002             We need reminders
+           up     003             Innocent jointable
+           up     20150819202140  Irreversible migration
+           up     20150823202140  Add admin flag to users
+           up     20150823202141  Migration tests
 
-    Fixes #18385.
+    *Yuichiro Kaneko*
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+*   Define `ActiveRecord::Sanitization.sanitize_sql_for_order` and use it inside
+    `preprocess_order_args`.
 
-*   `attribute_will_change!` will no longer cause non-persistable attributes to
-    be sent to the database.
+    *Yuichiro Kaneko*
 
-    Fixes #18407.
+*   Allow bigint with default nil for avoiding auto increment primary key.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Format the datetime string according to the precision of the datetime field.
+*   Remove `DEFAULT_CHARSET` and `DEFAULT_COLLATION` in `MySQLDatabaseTasks`.
 
-    Incompatible to rounding behavior between MySQL 5.6 and earlier.
+    We should omit the collation entirely rather than providing a default.
+    Then the choice is the responsibility of the server and MySQL distribution.
 
-    In 5.5, when you insert `2014-08-17 12:30:00.999999` the fractional part
-    is ignored. In 5.6, it's rounded to `2014-08-17 12:30:01`:
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    http://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=68760
+*   Alias `ActiveRecord::Relation#left_joins` to
+    `ActiveRecord::Relation#left_outer_joins`.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Takashi Kokubun*
 
-*   Allow precision option for MySQL datetimes.
+*   Use advisory locking to raise a `ConcurrentMigrationError` instead of
+    attempting to migrate when another migration is currently running.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Sam Davies*
 
-*   Clear query cache on rollback.
+*   Added `ActiveRecord::Relation#left_outer_joins`.
 
-    *Florian Weingarten*
+    Example:
 
-*   Fixed setting of foreign_key for through associations while building of new record.
+        User.left_outer_joins(:posts)
+        # => SELECT "users".* FROM "users" LEFT OUTER JOIN "posts" ON
+             "posts"."user_id" = "users"."id"
 
-    Fixes #12698.
+    *Florian Thomas*
 
-    *Ivan Antropov*
+*   Support passing an array to `order` for SQL parameter sanitization.
 
-*   Fixed automatic inverse_of for models nested in module.
+    *Aaron Suggs*
 
-    *Andrew McCloud*
+*   Avoid disabling errors on the PostgreSQL connection when enabling the
+    `standard_conforming_strings` setting. Errors were previously disabled because
+    the setting wasn't writable in Postgres 8.1 and didn't exist in earlier
+    versions. Now Rails only supports Postgres 8.2+ we're fine to assume the
+    setting exists. Disabling errors caused problems when using a connection
+    pooling tool like PgBouncer because it's not guaranteed to have the same
+    connection between calls to `execute` and it could leave the connection
+    with errors disabled.
 
-*   Fix `reaping_frequency` option when the value is a string.
+    Fixes #22101.
 
-    This usually happens when it is configured using `DATABASE_URL`.
+    *Harry Marr*
 
-    *korbin*
+*   Set `scope.reordering_value` to `true` if `:reordering`-values are specified.
 
-*   Fix error message when trying to create an associated record and the foreign
-    key is missing.
+    Fixes #21886.
 
-    Before this fix the following exception was being raised:
+    *Hiroaki Izu*
 
-        NoMethodError: undefined method `val' for #<Arel::Nodes::BindParam:0x007fc64d19c218>
+*   Add support for bidirectional destroy dependencies.
 
-    Now the message is:
+    Fixes #13609.
 
-        ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError: unknown attribute 'foreign_key' for Model.
+    Example:
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+        class Content < ActiveRecord::Base
+          has_one :position, dependent: :destroy
+        end
 
-*   Fix change detection problem for PostgreSQL bytea type and
-    `ArgumentError: string contains null byte` exception with pg-0.18.
+        class Position < ActiveRecord::Base
+          belongs_to :content, dependent: :destroy
+        end
 
-    Fixes #17680.
+    *Seb Jacobs*
 
-    *Lars Kanis*
+*   Includes HABTM returns correct size now. It's caused by the join dependency
+    only instantiates one HABTM object because the join table hasn't a primary key.
 
-*   When a table has a composite primary key, the `primary_key` method for
-    SQLite3 and PostgreSQL adapters was only returning the first field of the key.
-    Ensures that it will return nil instead, as Active Record doesn't support
-    composite primary keys.
+    Fixes #16032.
 
-    Fixes #18070.
+    Examples:
 
-    *arthurnn*
+        before:
 
-*   Ensure `first!` and friends work on loaded associations.
+        Project.first.salaried_developers.size # => 3
+        Project.includes(:salaried_developers).first.salaried_developers.size # => 1
 
-    Fixes #18237.
+        after:
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+        Project.first.salaried_developers.size # => 3
+        Project.includes(:salaried_developers).first.salaried_developers.size # => 3
 
-*   Dump the default `nil` for PostgreSQL UUID primary key.
+    *Bigxiang*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Add option to index errors in nested attributes.
 
-*   Don't raise when writing an attribute with an out-of-range datetime passed
-    by the user.
+    For models which have nested attributes, errors within those models will
+    now be indexed if `:index_errors` option is set to true when defining a
+    `has_many` relationship or by setting the configuration option
+    `config.active_record.index_nested_attribute_errors` to true.
 
-    *Grey Baker*
+    Example:
 
-*   Fixes bug with 'ActiveRecord::Type::Numeric' that causes negative values to
-    be marked as having changed when set to the same negative value.
+        class Guitar < ActiveRecord::Base
+          has_many :tuning_pegs, index_errors: true
+          accepts_nested_attributes_for :tuning_pegs
+        end
 
-    Fixes #18161.
+        class TuningPeg < ActiveRecord::Base
+          belongs_to :guitar
+          validates_numericality_of :pitch
+        end
 
-    *Daniel Fox*
+        # Before
+        guitar.errors["tuning_pegs.pitch"] = ["is not a number"]
 
+        # After
+        guitar.errors["tuning_pegs[1].pitch"] = ["is not a number"]
 
-## Rails 4.2.0 (December 20, 2014) ##
+    *Michael Probber*, *Terence Sun*
 
-*   Introduce `force: :cascade` option for `create_table`. Using this option
-    will recreate tables even if they have dependent objects (like foreign keys).
-    `db/schema.rb` now uses `force: :cascade`. This makes it possible to
-    reload the schema when foreign keys are in place.
+*   Exit with non-zero status for failed database rake tasks.
 
-    *Matthew Draper*, *Yves Senn*
+    *Jay Hayes*
 
-*   `db:schema:load` and `db:structure:load` no longer purge the database
-    before loading the schema. This is left for the user to do.
-    `db:test:prepare` will still purge the database.
+*   Queries such as `Computer.joins(:monitor).group(:status).count` will now be
+    interpreted as  `Computer.joins(:monitor).group('computers.status').count`
+    so that when `Computer` and `Monitor` have both `status` columns we don't
+    have conflicts in projection.
 
-    Fixes #17945.
+    *Rafael Sales*
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+*   Add ability to default to `uuid` as primary key when generating database migrations.
 
-*   Fix undesirable RangeError by Type::Integer. Add Type::UnsignedInteger.
+    Example:
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+        config.generators do |g|
+          g.orm :active_record, primary_key_type: :uuid
+        end
 
-*   Add `foreign_type` option to `has_one` and `has_many` association macros.
+    *Jon McCartie*
 
-    This option enables to define the column name of associated object's type for polymorphic associations.
+*   Don't cache arguments in `#find_by` if they are an `ActiveRecord::Relation`.
 
-    *Ulisses Almeida, Kassio Borges*
+    Fixes #20817.
 
-*   `add_timestamps` and `remove_timestamps` now properly reversible with
-    options.
+    *Hiroaki Izu*
 
-    *Noam Gagliardi-Rabinovich*
+*   Qualify column name inserted by `group` in calculation.
 
-*   Bring back `db:test:prepare` to synchronize the test database schema.
+    Giving `group` an unqualified column name now works, even if the relation
+    has `JOIN` with another table which also has a column of the name.
 
-    Manual synchronization using `bin/rake db:test:prepare` is required
-    when a migration is rolled-back, edited and reapplied.
+    *Soutaro Matsumoto*
 
-    `ActiveRecord::Base.maintain_test_schema` now uses `db:test:prepare`
-    to synchronize the schema. Plugins can use this task as a hook to
-    provide custom behavior after the schema has been loaded.
+*   Don't cache prepared statements containing an IN clause or a SQL literal, as
+    these queries will change often and are unlikely to have a cache hit.
 
-    NOTE: `test:prepare` runs before the schema is synchronized.
+    *Sean Griffin*
 
-    Fixes #17171, #15787.
+*   Fix `rewhere` in a `has_many` association.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    Fixes #21955.
 
-*   Change `reflections` public api to return the keys as String objects.
+    *Josh Branchaud*, *Kal*
 
-    Fixes #16928.
+*   `where` raises ArgumentError on unsupported types.
 
-    *arthurnn*
+    Fixes #20473.
 
-*   Renaming a table in pg also renames the primary key index.
+    *Jake Worth*
 
-    Fixes #12856
+*   Add an immutable string type to help reduce memory usage for apps which do
+    not need mutation detection on strings.
 
     *Sean Griffin*
 
-*   Make it possible to access fixtures excluded by a `default_scope`.
+*   Give `ActiveRecord::Relation#update` its own deprecation warning when
+    passed an `ActiveRecord::Base` instance.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    Fixes #21945.
 
-*   Fix preloading of associations with a scope containing joins along with
-    conditions on the joined association.
+    *Ted Johansson*
 
-    *Siddharth Sharma*
+*   Make it possible to pass `:to_table` when adding a foreign key through
+    `add_reference`.
 
-*   Add `Table#name` to match `TableDefinition#name`.
+    Fixes #21563.
 
-    *Cody Cutrer*
+    *Yves Senn*
 
-*   Cache `CollectionAssociation#reader` proxies separately before and after
-    the owner has been saved so that the proxy is not cached without the
-    owner's id.
+*   No longer pass deprecated option `-i` to `pg_dump`.
 
-    *Ben Woosley*
+    *Paul Sadauskas*
 
-*   `ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyRecord` now has a descriptive message.
+*   Concurrent `AR::Base#increment!` and `#decrement!` on the same record
+    are all reflected in the database rather than overwriting each other.
 
-    *Franky W.*
+    *Bogdan Gusiev*
 
-*   Fix preloading of associations which unscope a default scope.
+*   Avoid leaking the first relation we call `first` on, per model.
 
-    Fixes #11036.
+    Fixes #21921.
 
-    *Byron Bischoff*
+    *Matthew Draper*, *Jean Boussier*
 
-*   Added SchemaDumper support for tables with jsonb columns.
+*   Remove unused `pk_and_sequence_for` in `AbstractMysqlAdapter`.
 
-    *Ted O'Meara*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Deprecate `sanitize_sql_hash_for_conditions` without replacement. Using a
-    `Relation` for performing queries and updates is the prefered API.
+*   Allow fixtures files to set the model class in the YAML file itself.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    To load the fixtures file `accounts.yml` as the `User` model, use:
 
-*   Queries now properly type cast values that are part of a join statement,
-    even when using type decorators such as `serialize`.
+        _fixture:
+          model_class: User
+        david:
+          name: David
 
-    *Melanie Gilman & Sean Griffin*
+    Fixes #9516.
 
-*   MySQL enum type lookups, with values matching another type, no longer result
-    in an endless loop.
+    *Roque Pinel*
 
-    Fixes #17402.
+*   Don't require a database connection to load a class which uses acceptance
+    validations.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    *Sean Griffin*
 
-*   Raise `ArgumentError` when the body of a scope is not callable.
+*   Correctly apply `unscope` when preloading through associations.
 
-    *Mauro George*
+    *Jimmy Bourassa*
 
-*   Use type column first in multi-column indexes created with `add-reference`.
+*   Fixed taking precision into count when assigning a value to timestamp attribute.
 
-    *Derek Prior*
+    Timestamp column can have less precision than ruby timestamp
+    In result in how big a fraction of a second can be stored in the
+    database.
 
-*   Fix `Relation.rewhere` to work with Range values.
 
-    *Dan Olson*
+        m = Model.create!
+        m.created_at.usec == m.reload.created_at.usec # => false
+        # due to different precision in Time.now and database column
 
-*   `AR::UnknownAttributeError` now includes the class name of a record.
+    If the precision is low enough, (mysql default is 0, so it is always low
+    enough by default) the value changes when model is reloaded from the
+    database. This patch fixes that issue ensuring that any timestamp
+    assigned as an attribute is converted to column precision under the
+    attribute.
 
-        User.new(name: "Yuki Nishijima", project_attributes: {name: "kaminari"})
-        # => ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError: unknown attribute 'name' for User.
+    *Bogdan Gusiev*
 
-    *Yuki Nishijima*
+*   Introduce `connection.data_sources` and `connection.data_source_exists?`.
+    These methods determine what relations can be used to back Active Record
+    models (usually tables and views).
 
-*   Fix a regression causing `after_create` callbacks to run before associated
-    records are autosaved.
+    Also deprecate `SchemaCache#tables`, `SchemaCache#table_exists?` and
+    `SchemaCache#clear_table_cache!` in favor of their new data source
+    counterparts.
 
-    Fixes #17209.
+    *Yves Senn*, *Matthew Draper*
 
-    *Agis Anastasopoulos*
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.ignored_columns` to make some columns
+    invisible from Active Record.
 
-*   Honor overridden `rack.test` in Rack environment for the connection
-    management middleware.
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-    *Simon Eskildsen*
+*   `ActiveRecord::Tasks::MySQLDatabaseTasks` fails if shellout to
+    mysql commands (like `mysqldump`) is not successful.
 
-*   Add a truncate method to the connection.
+    *Steve Mitchell*
 
-    *Aaron Patterson*
+*   Ensure `select` quotes aliased attributes, even when using `from`.
 
-*   Don't autosave unchanged has_one through records.
+    Fixes #21488.
 
-    *Alan Kennedy*, *Steve Parrington*
+    *Sean Griffin*, *@johanlunds*
 
-*   Do not dump foreign keys for ignored tables.
+*   MySQL: support `unsigned` numeric data types.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    Example:
 
-*   PostgreSQL adapter correctly dumps foreign keys targeting tables
-    outside the schema search path.
+        create_table :foos do |t|
+          t.unsigned_integer :quantity
+          t.unsigned_bigint  :total
+          t.unsigned_float   :percentage
+          t.unsigned_decimal :price, precision: 10, scale: 2
+        end
 
-    Fixes #16907.
+    The `unsigned: true` option may be used for the primary key:
 
-    *Matthew Draper*, *Yves Senn*
+        create_table :foos, id: :bigint, unsigned: true do |t|
+          …
+        end
 
-*   When a thread is killed, rollback the active transaction, instead of
-    committing it during the stack unwind. Previously, we could commit half-
-    completed work. This fix only works for Ruby 2.0+; on 1.9, we can't
-    distinguish a thread kill from an ordinary non-local (block) return, so must
-    default to committing.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Chris Hanks*
+*   Add `#views` and `#view_exists?` methods on connection adapters.
 
-*   A `NullRelation` should represent nothing. This fixes a bug where
-    `Comment.where(post_id: Post.none)` returned a non-empty result.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    Fixes #15176.
+*   Correctly dump composite primary key.
 
-    *Matthew Draper*, *Yves Senn*
+    Example:
 
-*   Include default column limits in schema.rb. Allows defaults to be changed
-    in the future without affecting old migrations that assumed old defaults.
+        create_table :barcodes, primary_key: ["region", "code"] do |t|
+          t.string :region
+          t.integer :code
+        end
 
-    *Jeremy Kemper*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   MySQL: schema.rb now includes TEXT and BLOB column limits.
+*   Lookup the attribute name for `restrict_with_error` messages on the
+    model class that defines the association.
 
-    *Jeremy Kemper*
+    *kuboon*, *Ronak Jangir*
 
-*   MySQL: correct LONGTEXT and LONGBLOB limits from 2GB to their true 4GB.
+*   Correct query for PostgreSQL 8.2 compatibility.
 
-    *Jeremy Kemper*
+    *Ben Murphy*, *Matthew Draper*
 
-*   SQLite3Adapter now checks for views in `table_exists?`. Fixes #14041.
+*   `bin/rails db:migrate` uses
+    `ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.migrations_paths` instead of
+    `Migrator.migrations_paths`.
 
-    *Girish Sonawane*
+    *Tobias Bielohlawek*
 
-*   Introduce `connection.supports_views?` to check whether the current adapter
-    has support for SQL views. Connection adapters should define this method.
+*   Support dropping indexes concurrently in PostgreSQL.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    See http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.4/static/sql-dropindex.html for more
+    details.
 
-*   Allow included modules to override association methods.
+    *Grey Baker*
 
-    Fixes #16684.
+*   Deprecate passing conditions to `ActiveRecord::Relation#delete_all`
+    and `ActiveRecord::Relation#destroy_all`.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    *Wojciech Wnętrzak*
 
-*   Schema loading rake tasks (like `db:schema:load` and `db:setup`) maintain
-    the database connection to the current environment.
+*   Instantiating an AR model with `ActionController::Parameters` now raises
+    an `ActiveModel::ForbiddenAttributesError` if the parameters include a
+    `type` field that has not been explicitly permitted. Previously, the
+    `type` field was simply ignored in the same situation.
 
-    Fixes #16757.
+    *Prem Sichanugrist*
 
-    *Joshua Cody*, *Yves Senn*
+*   PostgreSQL, `create_schema`, `drop_schema` and `rename_table` now quote
+    schema names.
 
-*   MySQL: set the connection collation along with the charset.
+    Fixes #21418.
 
-    Sets the connection collation to the database collation configured in
-    database.yml. Otherwise, `SET NAMES utf8mb4` will use the default
-    collation for that charset (utf8mb4_general_ci) when you may have chosen
-    a different collation, like utf8mb4_unicode_ci.
+    Example:
 
-    This only applies to literal string comparisons, not column values, so it
-    is unlikely to affect you.
+        create_schema("my.schema")
+        # CREATE SCHEMA "my.schema";
 
-    *Jeremy Kemper*
+    *Yves Senn*
 
-*   `default_sequence_name` from the PostgreSQL adapter returns a `String`.
+*   PostgreSQL, add `:if_exists` option to `#drop_schema`. This makes it
+    possible to drop a schema that might exist without raising an exception if
+    it doesn't.
 
     *Yves Senn*
 
-*   Fix a regression where whitespaces were stripped from DISTINCT queries in
-    PostgreSQL.
+*   Only try to nullify has_one target association if the record is persisted.
+
+    Fixes #21223.
 
     *Agis Anastasopoulos*
 
-    Fixes #16623.
+*   Uniqueness validator raises descriptive error when running on a persisted
+    record without primary key.
 
-*   Fix has_many :through relation merging failing when dynamic conditions are
-    passed as a lambda with an arity of one.
+    Fixes #21304.
 
-    Fixes #16128.
+    *Yves Senn*
 
-    *Agis Anastasopoulos*
+*   Add a native JSON data type support in MySQL.
 
-*   Fix `Relation#exists?` to work with polymorphic associations.
+    Example:
 
-    Fixes #15821.
+        create_table :json_data_type do |t|
+          t.json :settings
+        end
 
-    *Kassio Borges*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Currently, Active Record rescues any errors raised within
-    `after_rollback`/`after_create` callbacks and prints them to the logs.
-    Future versions of Rails will not rescue these errors anymore and
-    just bubble them up like the other callbacks.
+*   Descriptive error message when fixtures contain a missing column.
 
-    This commit adds an opt-in flag to enable not rescuing the errors.
+    Fixes #21201.
 
-    Example:
+    *Yves Senn*
 
-        # Do not swallow errors in after_commit/after_rollback callbacks.
-        config.active_record.raise_in_transactional_callbacks = true
+*   `ActiveRecord::Tasks::PostgreSQLDatabaseTasks` fail if shellout to
+    postgresql commands (like `pg_dump`) is not successful.
 
-    Fixes #13460.
+    *Bryan Paxton*, *Nate Berkopec*
 
-    *arthurnn*
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Relation#in_batches` to work with records and relations
+    in batches.
 
-*   Fix an issue where custom accessor methods (such as those generated by
-    `enum`) with the same name as a global method are incorrectly overridden
-    when subclassing.
+    Available options are `of` (batch size), `load`, `start`, and `finish`.
 
-    Fixes #16288.
+    Examples:
 
-    *Godfrey Chan*
+        Person.in_batches.each_record(&:party_all_night!)
+        Person.in_batches.update_all(awesome: true)
+        Person.in_batches.delete_all
+        Person.in_batches.each do |relation|
+          relation.delete_all
+          sleep 10 # Throttles the delete queries
+        end
 
-*   `*_was` and `changes` now work correctly for in-place attribute changes as
-    well.
+    Fixes #20933.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    *Sina Siadat*
 
-*   Fix regression on `after_commit` that did not fire with nested transactions.
+*   Added methods for PostgreSQL geometric data types to use in migrations.
 
-    Fixes #16425.
+    Example:
 
-    *arthurnn*
+        create_table :foo do |t|
+          t.line :foo_line
+          t.lseg :foo_lseg
+          t.box :foo_box
+          t.path :foo_path
+          t.polygon :foo_polygon
+          t.circle :foo_circle
+        end
 
-*   Do not try to write timestamps when a table has no timestamps columns.
+    *Mehmet Emin İNAÇ*
 
-    Fixes #8813.
+*   Add `cache_key` to ActiveRecord::Relation.
 
-    *Sergey Potapov*
+    Example:
 
-*   `index_exists?` with `:name` option does verify specified columns.
+        @users = User.where("name like ?", "%Alberto%")
+        @users.cache_key
+        # => "/users/query-5942b155a43b139f2471b872ac54251f-3-20150714212107656125000"
 
-    Example:
+    *Alberto Fernández-Capel*
 
-        add_index :articles, :title, name: "idx_title"
+*   Properly allow uniqueness validations on primary keys.
 
-        # Before:
-        index_exists? :articles, :title, name: "idx_title" # => `true`
-        index_exists? :articles, :body, name: "idx_title" # => `true`
+    Fixes #20966.
 
-        # After:
-        index_exists? :articles, :title, name: "idx_title" # => `true`
-        index_exists? :articles, :body, name: "idx_title" # => `false`
+    *Sean Griffin*, *presskey*
 
-    *Yves Senn*, *Matthew Draper*
+*   Don't raise an error if an association failed to destroy when `destroy` was
+    called on the parent (as opposed to `destroy!`).
 
-*   `add_timestamps` and `t.timestamps` now require you to pass the `:null` option.
-    Not passing the option is deprecated but the default is still `null: true`.
-    With Rails 5 this will change to `null: false`.
+    Fixes #20991.
 
     *Sean Griffin*
 
-*   When calling `update_columns` on a record that is not persisted, the error
-    message now reflects whether that object is a new record or has been
-    destroyed.
+*   `ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound` modified to store model name, primary_key and
+    id of the caller model. It allows the catcher of this exception to make
+    a better decision to what to do with it.
 
-    *Lachlan Sylvester*
+    Example:
 
-*   Define `id_was` to get the previous value of the primary key.
+        class SomeAbstractController < ActionController::Base
+          rescue_from ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, with: :redirect_to_404
 
-    Currently when we call `id_was` and we have a custom primary key name,
-    Active Record will return the current value of the primary key. This
-    makes it impossible to correctly do an update operation if you change the
-    id.
+          private def redirect_to_404(e)
+            return redirect_to(posts_url) if e.model == 'Post'
+            raise
+          end
+        end
 
-    Fixes #16413.
+    *Sameer Rahmani*
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+*   Deprecate the keys for association `restrict_dependent_destroy` errors in favor
+    of new key names.
 
-*   Deprecate `DatabaseTasks.load_schema` to act on the current connection.
-    Use `.load_schema_current` instead. In the future `load_schema` will
-    require the `configuration` to act on as an argument.
+    Previously `has_one` and `has_many` associations were using the
+    `one` and `many` keys respectively. Both of these keys have special
+    meaning in I18n (they are considered to be pluralizations) so by
+    renaming them to `has_one` and `has_many` we make the messages more explicit
+    and most importantly they don't clash with linguistical systems that need to
+    validate translation keys (and their pluralizations).
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    The `:'restrict_dependent_destroy.one'` key should be replaced with
+    `:'restrict_dependent_destroy.has_one'`, and `:'restrict_dependent_destroy.many'`
+    with `:'restrict_dependent_destroy.has_many'`.
 
-*   Fix automatic maintaining test schema to properly handle sql structure
-    schema format.
+    *Roque Pinel*, *Christopher Dell*
 
-    Fixes #15394.
+*   Fix state being carried over from previous transaction.
 
-    *Wojciech Wnętrzak*
+    Considering the following example where `name` is a required attribute.
+    Before we had `new_record?` returning `true` for a persisted record:
+
+        author = Author.create! name: 'foo'
+        author.name = nil
+        author.save        # => false
+        author.new_record? # => true
 
-*   Fix type casting to Decimal from Float with large precision.
+    Fixes #20824.
 
-    *Tomohiro Hashidate*
+    *Roque Pinel*
 
-*   Deprecate `Reflection#source_macro`
+*   Correctly ignore `mark_for_destruction` when `autosave` isn't set to `true`
+    when validating associations.
 
-    `Reflection#source_macro` is no longer needed in Active Record
-    source so it has been deprecated. Code that used `source_macro`
-    was removed in #16353.
+    Fixes #20882.
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchtitelle*, *Aaron Patterson*
+    *Sean Griffin*
 
-*   No verbose backtrace by `db:drop` when database does not exist.
+*   Fix a bug where counter_cache doesn't always work with polymorphic
+    relations.
 
-    Fixes #16295.
+    Fixes #16407.
 
-    *Kenn Ejima*
+    *Stefan Kanev*, *Sean Griffin*
 
-*   Add support for PostgreSQL JSONB.
+*   Ensure that cyclic associations with autosave don't cause duplicate errors
+    to be added to the parent record.
 
-    Example:
+    Fixes #20874.
 
-        create_table :posts do |t|
-          t.jsonb :meta_data
-        end
+    *Sean Griffin*
 
-    *Philippe Creux*, *Chris Teague*
+*   Ensure that `ActionController::Parameters` can still be passed to nested
+    attributes.
 
-*   `db:purge` with MySQL respects `Rails.env`.
+    Fixes #20922.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    *Sean Griffin*
 
-*   `change_column_default :table, :column, nil` with PostgreSQL will issue a
-    `DROP DEFAULT` instead of a `DEFAULT NULL` query.
+*   Deprecate force association reload by passing a truthy argument to
+    association method.
 
-    Fixes #16261.
+    For collection association, you can call `#reload` on association proxy to
+    force a reload:
 
-    *Matthew Draper*, *Yves Senn*
+        @user.posts.reload   # Instead of @user.posts(true)
 
-*   Allow to specify a type for the foreign key column in `references`
-    and `add_reference`.
+    For singular association, you can call `#reload` on the parent object to
+    clear its association cache then call the association method:
 
-    Example:
+        @user.reload.profile   # Instead of @user.profile(true)
 
-        change_table :vehicle do |t|
-          t.references :station, type: :uuid
-        end
+    Passing a truthy argument to force association to reload will be removed in
+    Rails 5.1.
 
-    *Andrey Novikov*, *Łukasz Sarnacki*
+    *Prem Sichanugrist*
 
-*   `create_join_table` removes a common prefix when generating the join table.
-    This matches the existing behavior of HABTM associations.
+*   Replaced `ActiveSupport::Concurrency::Latch` with `Concurrent::CountDownLatch`
+    from the concurrent-ruby gem.
 
-    Fixes #13683.
+    *Jerry D'Antonio*
 
-    *Stefan Kanev*
+*   Fix through associations using scopes having the scope merged multiple
+    times.
+
+    Fixes #20721.
+    Fixes #20727.
 
-*   Do not swallow errors on `compute_type` when having a bad `alias_method` on
-    a class.
+    *Sean Griffin*
 
-    *arthurnn*
+*   `ActiveRecord::Base.dump_schema_after_migration` applies migration tasks
+    other than `db:migrate`. (eg. `db:rollback`, `db:migrate:dup`, ...)
 
-*   PostgreSQL invalid `uuid` are convert to nil.
+    Fixes #20743.
 
-    *Abdelkader Boudih*
+    *Yves Senn*
 
-*   Restore 4.0 behavior for using serialize attributes with `JSON` as coder.
+*   Add alternate syntax to make `change_column_default` reversible.
 
-    With 4.1.x, `serialize` started returning a string when `JSON` was passed as
-    the second attribute. It will now return a hash as per previous versions.
+    User can pass in `:from` and `:to` to make `change_column_default` command
+    become reversible.
 
     Example:
 
-        class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
-          serialize :comment, JSON
-        end
+        change_column_default :posts, :status, from: nil, to: "draft"
+        change_column_default :users, :authorized, from: true, to: false
 
-        class Comment
-          include ActiveModel::Model
-          attr_accessor :category, :text
-        end
+    *Prem Sichanugrist*
+
+*   Prevent error when using `force_reload: true` on an unassigned polymorphic
+    belongs_to association.
 
-        post = Post.create!
-        post.comment = Comment.new(category: "Animals", text: "This is a comment about squirrels.")
-        post.save!
+    Fixes #20426.
 
-        # 4.0
-        post.comment # => {"category"=>"Animals", "text"=>"This is a comment about squirrels."}
+    *James Dabbs*
 
-        # 4.1 before
-        post.comment # => "#<Comment:0x007f80ab48ff98>"
+*   Correctly raise `ActiveRecord::AssociationTypeMismatch` when assigning
+    a wrong type to a namespaced association.
 
-        # 4.1 after
-        post.comment # => {"category"=>"Animals", "text"=>"This is a comment about squirrels."}
+    Fixes #20545.
 
-    When using `JSON` as the coder in `serialize`, Active Record will use the
-    new `ActiveRecord::Coders::JSON` coder which delegates its `dump/load` to
-    `ActiveSupport::JSON.encode/decode`. This ensures special objects are dumped
-    correctly using the `#as_json` hook.
+    *Diego Carrion*
 
-    To keep the previous behaviour, supply a custom coder instead
-    ([example](https://gist.github.com/jenncoop/8c4142bbe59da77daa63)).
+*   `validates_absence_of` respects `marked_for_destruction?`.
 
-    Fixes #15594.
+    Fixes #20449.
 
-    *Jenn Cooper*
+    *Yves Senn*
 
-*   Do not use `RENAME INDEX` syntax for MariaDB 10.0.
+*   Include the `Enumerable` module in `ActiveRecord::Relation`
 
-    Fixes #15931.
+    *Sean Griffin*, *bogdan*
 
-    *Jeff Browning*
+*   Use `Enumerable#sum` in `ActiveRecord::Relation` if a block is given.
 
-*   Calling `#empty?` on a `has_many` association would use the value from the
-    counter cache if one exists.
+    *Sean Griffin*
 
-    *David Verhasselt*
+*   Let `WITH` queries (Common Table Expressions) be explainable.
 
-*   Fix the schema dump generated for tables without constraints and with
-    primary key with default value of custom PostgreSQL function result.
+    *Vladimir Kochnev*
 
-    Fixes #16111.
+*   Make `remove_index :table, :column` reversible.
 
-    *Andrey Novikov*
+    *Yves Senn*
 
-*   Fix the SQL generated when a `delete_all` is run on an association to not
-    produce an `IN` statements.
+*   Fixed an error which would occur in dirty checking when calling
+    `update_attributes` from a getter.
 
-    Before:
+    Fixes #20531.
 
-      UPDATE "categorizations" SET "category_id" = NULL WHERE
-      "categorizations"."category_id" = 1 AND "categorizations"."id" IN (1, 2)
+    *Sean Griffin*
 
-    After:
+*   Make `remove_foreign_key` reversible. Any foreign key options must be
+    specified, similar to `remove_column`.
 
-      UPDATE "categorizations" SET "category_id" = NULL WHERE
-      "categorizations"."category_id" = 1
+    *Aster Ryan*
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle, Aaron Patterson*
+*   Add `:_prefix` and `:_suffix` options to `enum` definition.
 
-*   Avoid type casting boolean and `ActiveSupport::Duration` values to numeric
-    values for string columns. Otherwise, in some database, the string column
-    values will be coerced to a numeric allowing false or 0.seconds match any
-    string starting with a non-digit.
+    Fixes #17511, #17415.
 
-    Example:
+    *Igor Kapkov*
 
-        App.where(apikey: false) # => SELECT * FROM users WHERE apikey = '0'
+*   Correctly handle decimal arrays with defaults in the schema dumper.
 
-    *Dylan Thacker-Smith*
+    Fixes #20515.
 
-*   Add a `:required` option to singular associations, providing a nicer
-    API for presence validations on associations.
+    *Sean Griffin*, *jmondo*
+
+*   Deprecate the PostgreSQL `:point` type in favor of a new one which will return
+    `Point` objects instead of an `Array`
 
     *Sean Griffin*
 
-*   Fix an error in `reset_counters` when associations have `select` scope.
-    (Call to `count` generated invalid SQL.)
+*   Ensure symbols passed to `ActiveRecord::Relation#select` are always treated
+    as columns.
 
-    *Cade Truitt*
+    Fixes #20360.
 
-*   After a successful `reload`, `new_record?` is always false.
+    *Sean Griffin*
 
-    Fixes #12101.
+*   Do not set `sql_mode` if `strict: :default` is specified.
 
-    *Matthew Draper*
+        # config/database.yml
+        production:
+          adapter: mysql2
+          database: foo_prod
+          user: foo
+          strict: :default
 
-*   PostgreSQL renaming table doesn't attempt to rename non existent sequences.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Abdelkader Boudih*
+*   Allow proc defaults to be passed to the attributes API. See documentation
+    for examples.
 
-*   Move 'dependent: :destroy' handling for `belongs_to`
-    from `before_destroy` to `after_destroy` callback chain
+    *Sean Griffin*, *Kir Shatrov*
 
-    Fixes #12380.
+*   SQLite: `:collation` support for string and text columns.
 
-    *Ivan Antropov*
+    Example:
 
-*   Detect in-place modifications on String attributes.
+        create_table :foo do |t|
+          t.string :string_nocase, collation: 'NOCASE'
+          t.text :text_rtrim, collation: 'RTRIM'
+        end
 
-    Before this change, an attribute modified in-place had to be marked as
-    changed in order for it to be persisted in the database. Now it is no longer
-    required.
+        add_column :foo, :title, :string, collation: 'RTRIM'
 
-    Before:
+        change_column :foo, :title, :string, collation: 'NOCASE'
 
-        user = User.first
-        user.name << ' Griffin'
-        user.name_will_change!
-        user.save
-        user.reload.name # => "Sean Griffin"
+    *Akshay Vishnoi*
 
-    After:
+*   Allow the use of symbols or strings to specify enum values in test
+    fixtures:
 
-        user = User.first
-        user.name << ' Griffin'
-        user.save
-        user.reload.name # => "Sean Griffin"
+        awdr:
+          title: "Agile Web Development with Rails"
+          status: :proposed
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    *George Claghorn*
+
+*   Clear query cache when `ActiveRecord::Base#reload` is called.
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base#validate!` that raises `RecordInvalid` if the record
-    is invalid.
+    *Shane Hender, Pierre Nespo*
 
-    *Bogdan Gusiev*, *Marc Schütz*
+*   Include stored procedures and function on the MySQL structure dump.
 
-*   Support for adding and removing foreign keys. Foreign keys are now
-    a part of `schema.rb`. This is supported by Mysql2Adapter, MysqlAdapter
-    and PostgreSQLAdapter.
+    *Jonathan Worek*
 
-    Many thanks to *Matthew Higgins* for laying the foundation with his work on
-    [foreigner](https://github.com/matthuhiggins/foreigner).
+*   Pass `:extend` option for `has_and_belongs_to_many` associations to the
+    underlying `has_many :through`.
 
-    Example:
+    *Jaehyun Shin*
+
+*   Deprecate `Relation#uniq` use `Relation#distinct` instead.
 
-        # within your migrations:
-        add_foreign_key :articles, :authors
-        remove_foreign_key :articles, :authors
+    See #9683.
 
     *Yves Senn*
 
-*   Fix subtle bugs regarding attribute assignment on models with no primary
-    key. `'id'` will no longer be part of the attributes hash.
+*   Allow single table inheritance instantiation to work when storing
+    demodulized class names.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    *Alex Robbin*
 
-*   Deprecate automatic counter caches on `has_many :through`. The behavior was
-    broken and inconsistent.
+*   Correctly pass MySQL options when using `structure_dump` or
+    `structure_load`.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    Specifically, it fixes an issue when using SSL authentication.
 
-*   `preload` preserves readonly flag for associations.
+    *Alex Coomans*
 
-    See #15853.
+*   Correctly dump `:options` on `create_table` for MySQL.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Assume numeric types have changed if they were assigned to a value that
-    would fail numericality validation, regardless of the old value. Previously
-    this would only occur if the old value was 0.
+*   PostgreSQL: `:collation` support for string and text columns.
 
     Example:
 
-        model = Model.create!(number: 5)
-        model.number = '5wibble'
-        model.number_changed? # => true
+        create_table :foos do |t|
+          t.string :string_en, collation: 'en_US.UTF-8'
+          t.text   :text_ja,   collation: 'ja_JP.UTF-8'
+        end
 
-    Fixes #14731.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+*   Remove `ActiveRecord::Serialization::XmlSerializer` from core.
 
-*   `reload` no longer merges with the existing attributes.
-    The attribute hash is fully replaced. The record is put into the same state
-    as it would be with `Model.find(model.id)`.
+    *Zachary Scott*
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+*   Make `unscope` aware of "less than" and "greater than" conditions.
 
-*   The object returned from `select_all` must respond to `column_types`.
-    If this is not the case a `NoMethodError` is raised.
+    *TAKAHASHI Kazuaki*
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+*   `find_by` and `find_by!` raise `ArgumentError` when called without
+    arguments.
 
-*   Detect in-place modifications of PG array types
+    *Kohei Suzuki*
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+*   Revert behavior of `db:schema:load` back to loading the full
+    environment. This ensures that initializers are run.
 
-*   Add `bin/rake db:purge` task to empty the current database.
+    Fixes #19545.
 
     *Yves Senn*
 
-*   Deprecate `serialized_attributes` without replacement.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
+*   Fix missing index when using `timestamps` with the `index` option.
 
-*   Correctly extract IPv6 addresses from `DATABASE_URI`: the square brackets
-    are part of the URI structure, not the actual host.
+    The `index` option used with `timestamps` should be passed to both
+    `column` definitions for `created_at` and `updated_at` rather than just
+    the first.
 
-    Fixes #15705.
+    *Paul Mucur*
 
-    *Andy Bakun*, *Aaron Stone*
+*   Rename `:class` to `:anonymous_class` in association options.
 
-*   Ensure both parent IDs are set on join records when both sides of a
-    through association are new.
+    Fixes #19659.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    *Andrew White*
 
-*   `ActiveRecord::Dirty` now detects in-place changes to mutable values.
-    Serialized attributes on ActiveRecord models will no longer save when
-    unchanged.
+*   Autosave existing records on a has many through association when the parent
+    is new.
 
-    Fixes #8328.
+    Fixes #19782.
 
     *Sean Griffin*
 
-*   `Pluck` now works when selecting columns from different tables with the same
-    name.
+*   Fixed a bug where uniqueness validations would error on out of range values,
+    even if an validation should have prevented it from hitting the database.
 
-    Fixes #15649.
+    *Andrey Voronkov*
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+*   MySQL: `:charset` and `:collation` support for string and text columns.
 
-*   Remove `cache_attributes` and friends. All attributes are cached.
+    Example:
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+        create_table :foos do |t|
+          t.string :string_utf8_bin, charset: 'utf8', collation: 'utf8_bin'
+          t.text   :text_ascii,      charset: 'ascii'
+        end
 
-*   Remove deprecated method `ActiveRecord::Base.quoted_locking_column`.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Akshay Vishnoi*
+*   Foreign key related methods in the migration DSL respect
+    `ActiveRecord::Base.pluralize_table_names = false`.
 
-*   `ActiveRecord::FinderMethods.find` with block can handle proc parameter as
-    `Enumerable#find` does.
+    Fixes #19643.
 
-    Fixes #15382.
+    *Mehmet Emin İNAÇ*
 
-    *James Yang*
+*   Reduce memory usage from loading types on PostgreSQL.
 
-*   Make timezone aware attributes work with PostgreSQL array columns.
+    Fixes #19578.
 
-    Fixes #13402.
+    *Sean Griffin*
 
-    *Kuldeep Aggarwal*, *Sean Griffin*
+*   Add `config.active_record.warn_on_records_fetched_greater_than` option.
 
-*   `ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration` has no primary key regardless of the
-    `primary_key_prefix_type` configuration.
+    When set to an integer, a warning will be logged whenever a result set
+    larger than the specified size is returned by a query.
 
-    Fixes #15051.
+    Fixes #16463.
 
-    *JoseLuis Torres*, *Yves Senn*
+    *Jason Nochlin*
 
-*   `rake db:migrate:status` works with legacy migration numbers like `00018_xyz.rb`.
+*   Ignore `.psqlrc` when loading database structure.
 
-    Fixes #15538.
+    *Jason Weathered*
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+*   Fix referencing wrong table aliases while joining tables of has many through
+    association (only when calling calculation methods).
 
-*   Baseclass becomes! subclass.
+    Fixes #19276.
 
-    Before this change, a record which changed its STI type, could not be
-    updated.
+    *pinglamb*
 
-    Fixes #14785.
+*   Correctly persist a serialized attribute that has been returned to
+    its default value by an in-place modification.
 
-    *Matthew Draper*, *Earl St Sauver*, *Edo Balvers*
+    Fixes #19467.
 
-*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Migrator.proper_table_name`. Use the
-    `proper_table_name` instance method on `ActiveRecord::Migration` instead.
+    *Matthew Draper*
 
-    *Akshay Vishnoi*
+*   Fix generating the schema file when using PostgreSQL `BigInt[]` data type.
+    Previously the `limit: 8` was not coming through, and this caused it to
+    become `Int[]` data type after rebuilding from the schema.
 
-*   Fix regression on eager loading association based on SQL query rather than
-    existing column.
+    Fixes #19420.
 
-    Fixes #15480.
+    *Jake Waller*
 
-    *Lauro Caetano*, *Carlos Antonio da Silva*
+*   Reuse the `CollectionAssociation#reader` cache when the foreign key is
+    available prior to save.
 
-*   Deprecate returning `nil` from `column_for_attribute` when no column exists.
-    It will return a null object in Rails 5.0
+    *Ben Woosley*
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+*   Add `config.active_record.dump_schemas` to fix `db:structure:dump`
+    when using schema_search_path and PostgreSQL extensions.
 
-*   Implemented `ActiveRecord::Base#pretty_print` to work with PP.
+    Fixes #17157.
 
-    *Ethan*
+    *Ryan Wallace*
 
-*   Preserve type when dumping PostgreSQL point, bit, bit varying and money
-    columns.
+*   Renaming `use_transactional_fixtures` to `use_transactional_tests` for clarity.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    Fixes #18864.
 
-*   New records remain new after YAML serialization.
+    *Brandon Weiss*
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+*   Increase pg gem version requirement to `~> 0.18`. Earlier versions of the
+    pg gem are known to have problems with Ruby 2.2.
 
-*   PostgreSQL support default values for enum types. Fixes #7814.
+    *Matt Brictson*
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+*   Correctly dump `serial` and `bigserial`.
 
-*   PostgreSQL `default_sequence_name` respects schema. Fixes #7516.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+*   Fix default `format` value in `ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks#schema_file`.
 
-*   Fix `columns_for_distinct` of PostgreSQL adapter to work correctly
-    with orders without sort direction modifiers.
+    *James Cox*
 
-    *Nikolay Kondratyev*
+*   Don't enroll records in the transaction if they don't have commit callbacks.
+    This was causing a memory leak when creating many records inside a transaction.
 
-*   PostgreSQL `reset_pk_sequence!` respects schemas. Fixes #14719.
+    Fixes #15549.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    *Will Bryant*, *Aaron Patterson*
 
-*   Keep PostgreSQL `hstore` and `json` attributes as `Hash` in `@attributes`.
-    Fixes duplication in combination with `store_accessor`.
+*   Correctly create through records when created on a has many through
+    association when using `where`.
 
-    Fixes #15369.
+    Fixes #19073.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    *Sean Griffin*
 
-*   `rake railties:install:migrations` respects the order of railties.
+*   Add `SchemaMigration.create_table` support for any unicode charsets with MySQL.
 
-    *Arun Agrawal*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Fix redefine a `has_and_belongs_to_many` inside inherited class
-    Fixing regression case, where redefining the same `has_and_belongs_to_many`
-    definition into a subclass would raise.
+*   PostgreSQL no longer disables user triggers if system triggers can't be
+    disabled. Disabling user triggers does not fulfill what the method promises.
+    Rails currently requires superuser privileges for this method.
 
-    Fixes #14983.
+    If you absolutely rely on this behavior, consider patching
+    `disable_referential_integrity`.
 
-    *arthurnn*
+    *Yves Senn*
 
-*   Fix `has_and_belongs_to_many` public reflection.
-    When defining a `has_and_belongs_to_many`, internally we convert that to two has_many.
-    But as `reflections` is a public API, people expect to see the right macro.
+*   Restore aborted transaction state when `disable_referential_integrity` fails
+    due to missing permissions.
 
-    Fixes #14682.
+    *Toby Ovod-Everett*, *Yves Senn*
 
-    *arthurnn*
+*   In PostgreSQL, print a warning message if `disable_referential_integrity`
+    fails due to missing permissions.
 
-*   Fix serialization for records with an attribute named `format`.
+    *Andrey Nering*, *Yves Senn*
 
-    Fixes #15188.
+*   Allow a `:limit` option for MySQL bigint primary key support.
 
-    *Godfrey Chan*
+    Example:
 
-*   When a `group` is set, `sum`, `size`, `average`, `minimum` and `maximum`
-    on a NullRelation should return a Hash.
+        create_table :foos, id: :primary_key, limit: 8 do |t|
+        end
 
-    *Kuldeep Aggarwal*
+        # or
 
-*   Fix serialized fields returning serialized data after being updated with
-    `update_column`.
+        create_table :foos, id: false do |t|
+          t.primary_key :id, limit: 8
+        end
 
-    *Simon Hørup Eskildsen*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Fix polymorphic eager loading when using a String as foreign key.
+*   `belongs_to` will now trigger a validation error by default if the association is not present.
+    You can turn this off on a per-association basis with `optional: true`.
+    (Note this new default only applies to new Rails apps that will be generated with
+    `config.active_record.belongs_to_required_by_default = true` in initializer.)
 
-    Fixes #14734.
+    *Josef Šimánek*
 
-    *Lauro Caetano*
+*   Fixed `ActiveRecord::Relation#becomes!` and `changed_attributes` issues for type
+    columns.
 
-*   Change belongs_to touch to be consistent with timestamp updates
+    Fixes #17139.
 
-    If a model is set up with a belongs_to: touch relationship the parent
-    record will only be touched if the record was modified. This makes it
-    consistent with timestamp updating on the record itself.
+    *Miklos Fazekas*
 
-    *Brock Trappitt*
+*   Format the time string according to the precision of the time column.
 
-*   Fix the inferred table name of a `has_and_belongs_to_many` auxiliary
-    table inside a schema.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    Fixes #14824.
+*   Allow a `:precision` option for time type columns.
 
-    *Eric Chahin*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Remove unused `:timestamp` type. Transparently alias it to `:datetime`
-    in all cases. Fixes inconsistencies when column types are sent outside of
-    `ActiveRecord`, such as for XML Serialization.
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.suppress` to prevent the receiver from being saved
+    during the given block.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    For example, here's a pattern of creating notifications when new comments
+    are posted. (The notification may in turn trigger an email, a push
+    notification, or just appear in the UI somewhere):
 
-*   Fix bug that added `table_name_prefix` and `table_name_suffix` to
-    extension names in PostgreSQL when migrating.
+        class Comment < ActiveRecord::Base
+          belongs_to :commentable, polymorphic: true
+          after_create -> { Notification.create! comment: self,
+            recipients: commentable.recipients }
+        end
 
-    *Joao Carlos*
+    That's what you want the bulk of the time. A new comment creates a new
+    Notification. There may be edge cases where you don't want that, like
+    when copying a commentable and its comments, in which case write a
+    concern with something like this:
+
+        module Copyable
+          def copy_to(destination)
+            Notification.suppress do
+              # Copy logic that creates new comments that we do not want triggering
+              # notifications.
+            end
+          end
+        end
 
-*   The `:index` option in migrations, which previously was only available for
-    `references`, now works with any column types.
+    *Michael Ryan*
 
-    *Marc Schütz*
+*   `:time` option added for `#touch`.
 
-*   Add support for counter name to be passed as parameter on `CounterCache::ClassMethods#reset_counters`.
+    Fixes #18905.
 
-    *jnormore*
+    *Hyonjee Joo*
 
-*   Restrict deletion of record when using `delete_all` with `uniq`, `group`, `having`
-    or `offset`.
+*   Add `foreign_key_exists?` method.
 
-    In these cases the generated query ignored them and that caused unintended
-    records to be deleted.
+    *Tõnis Simo*
 
-    Fixes #11985.
+*   Use SQL COUNT and LIMIT 1 queries for `none?` and `one?` methods
+    if no block or limit is given, instead of loading the entire
+    collection into memory. This applies to relations (e.g. `User.all`)
+    as well as associations (e.g. `account.users`)
 
-    *Leandro Facchinetti*
+        # Before:
 
-*   Floats with limit >= 25 that get turned into doubles in MySQL no longer have
-    their limit dropped from the schema.
+        users.none?
+        # SELECT "users".* FROM "users"
 
-    Fixes #14135.
+        users.one?
+        # SELECT "users".* FROM "users"
 
-    *Aaron Nelson*
+        # After:
 
-*   Fix how to calculate associated class name when using namespaced `has_and_belongs_to_many`
-    association.
+        users.none?
+        # SELECT 1 AS one FROM "users" LIMIT 1
 
-    Fixes #14709.
+        users.one?
+        # SELECT COUNT(*) FROM "users"
 
-    *Kassio Borges*
+    *Eugene Gilburg*
 
-*   `ActiveRecord::Relation::Merger#filter_binds` now compares equivalent symbols and
-    strings in column names as equal.
+*   Have `enum` perform type casting consistently with the rest of Active
+    Record, such as `where`.
 
-    This fixes a rare case in which more bind values are passed than there are
-    placeholders for them in the generated SQL statement, which can make PostgreSQL
-    throw a `StatementInvalid` exception.
+    *Sean Griffin*
 
-    *Nat Budin*
+*   `scoping` no longer pollutes the current scope of sibling classes when using
+    STI.
 
-*   Fix `stored_attributes` to correctly merge the details of stored
-    attributes defined in parent classes.
+    Fixes #18806.
 
-    Fixes #14672.
+    Example:
 
-    *Brad Bennett*, *Jessica Yao*, *Lakshmi Parthasarathy*
+        StiOne.none.scoping do
+          StiTwo.all
+        end
 
-*   `change_column_default` allows `[]` as argument to `change_column_default`.
 
-    Fixes #11586.
+    *Sean Griffin*
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+*   `remove_reference` with `foreign_key: true` removes the foreign key before
+    removing the column. This fixes a bug where it was not possible to remove
+    the column on MySQL.
 
-*   Handle `name` and `"char"` column types in the PostgreSQL adapter.
+    Fixes #18664.
 
-    `name` and `"char"` are special character types used internally by
-    PostgreSQL and are used by internal system catalogs. These field types
-    can sometimes show up in structure-sniffing queries that feature internal system
-    structures or with certain PostgreSQL extensions.
+    *Yves Senn*
 
-    *J Smith*, *Yves Senn*
+*   `find_in_batches` now accepts an `:finish` parameter that complements the `:start`
+     parameter to specify where to stop batch processing.
 
-*   Fix `PostgreSQLAdapter::OID::Float#type_cast` to convert Infinity and
-    NaN PostgreSQL values into a native Ruby `Float::INFINITY` and `Float::NAN`
+    *Vipul A M*
 
-    Before:
+*   Fix a rounding problem for PostgreSQL timestamp columns.
 
-        Point.create(value: 1.0/0)
-        Point.last.value # => 0.0
+    If a timestamp column has a precision specified, it needs to
+    format according to that.
 
-    After:
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-        Point.create(value: 1.0/0)
-        Point.last.value # => Infinity
+*   Respect the database default charset for `schema_migrations` table.
 
-    *Innokenty Mikhailov*
+    The charset of `version` column in `schema_migrations` table depends
+    on the database default charset and collation rather than the encoding
+    of the connection.
 
-*   Allow the PostgreSQL adapter to handle bigserial primary key types again.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    Fixes #10410.
+*   Raise `ArgumentError` when passing `nil` or `false` to `Relation#merge`.
 
-    *Patrick Robertson*
+    These are not valid values to merge in a relation, so it should warn users
+    early.
 
-*   Deprecate joining, eager loading and preloading of instance dependent
-    associations without replacement. These operations happen before instances
-    are created. The current behavior is unexpected and can result in broken
-    behavior.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    Fixes #15024.
+*   Use `SCHEMA` instead of `DB_STRUCTURE` for specifying a structure file.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    This makes the `db:structure` tasks consistent with `test:load_structure`.
 
-*   Fix `has_and_belongs_to_many` CollectionAssociation size calculations.
+    *Dieter Komendera*
 
-    `has_and_belongs_to_many` should fall back to using the normal CollectionAssociation's
-    size calculation if the collection is not cached or loaded.
+*   Respect custom primary keys for associations when calling `Relation#where`
 
-    Fixes #14913, #14914.
+    Fixes #18813.
 
-    *Fred Wu*
+    *Sean Griffin*
 
-*   Return a non zero status when running `rake db:migrate:status` and migration table does
-    not exist.
+*   Fix several edge cases which could result in a counter cache updating
+    twice or not updating at all for `has_many` and `has_many :through`.
 
-    *Paul B.*
+    Fixes #10865.
 
-*   Add support for module-level `table_name_suffix` in models.
+    *Sean Griffin*
 
-    This makes `table_name_suffix` work the same way as `table_name_prefix` when
-    using namespaced models.
+*   Foreign keys added by migrations were given random, generated names. This
+    meant a different `structure.sql` would be generated every time a developer
+    ran migrations on their machine.
 
-    *Jenner LaFave*
+    The generated part of foreign key names is now a hash of the table name and
+    column name, which is consistent every time you run the migration.
 
-*   Revert the behaviour of `ActiveRecord::Relation#join` changed through 4.0 => 4.1 to 4.0.
+    *Chris Sinjakli*
 
-    In 4.1.0 `Relation#join` is delegated to `Arel#SelectManager`.
-    In 4.0 series it is delegated to `Array#join`.
+*   Fix n+1 query problem when eager loading nil associations (fixes #18312)
 
-    *Bogdan Gusiev*
+    *Sammy Larbi*
 
-*   Log nil binary column values correctly.
+*   Change the default error message from `can't be blank` to `must exist` for
+    the presence validator of the `:required` option on `belongs_to`/`has_one`
+    associations.
 
-    When an object with a binary column is updated with a nil value
-    in that column, the SQL logger would throw an exception when trying
-    to log that nil value. This only occurs when updating a record
-    that already has a non-nil value in that column since an initial nil
-    value isn't included in the SQL anyway (at least, when dirty checking
-    is enabled.) The column's new value will now be logged as `<NULL binary data>`
-    to parallel the existing `<N bytes of binary data>` for non-nil values.
+    *Henrik Nygren*
 
-    *James Coleman*
+*   Fixed `ActiveRecord::Relation#group` method when an argument is an SQL
+    reserved keyword:
 
-*   Rails will now pass a custom validation context through to autosave associations
-    in order to validate child associations with the same context.
+    Example:
 
-    Fixes #13854.
+        SplitTest.group(:key).count
+        Property.group(:value).count
 
-    *Eric Chahin*, *Aaron Nelson*, *Kevin Casey*
+    *Bogdan Gusiev*
 
-*   Stringify all variables keys of MySQL connection configuration.
+*   Added the `#or` method on `ActiveRecord::Relation`, allowing use of the OR
+    operator to combine WHERE or HAVING clauses.
 
-    When `sql_mode` variable for MySQL adapters set in configuration as `String`
-    was ignored and overwritten by strict mode option.
+    Example:
 
-    Fixes #14895.
+        Post.where('id = 1').or(Post.where('id = 2'))
+        # => SELECT * FROM posts WHERE (id = 1) OR (id = 2)
 
-    *Paul Nikitochkin*
+    *Sean Griffin*, *Matthew Draper*, *Gael Muller*, *Olivier El Mekki*
 
-*   Ensure SQLite3 statements are closed on errors.
+*   Don't define autosave association callbacks twice from
+    `accepts_nested_attributes_for`.
 
-    Fixes #13631.
+    Fixes #18704.
 
-    *Timur Alperovich*
+    *Sean Griffin*
 
-*   Give `ActiveRecord::PredicateBuilder` private methods the privacy they deserve.
+*   Integer types will no longer raise a `RangeError` when assigning an
+    attribute, but will instead raise when going to the database.
 
-    *Hector Satre*
+    Fixes several vague issues which were never reported directly. See the
+    commit message from the commit which added this line for some examples.
 
-*   When using a custom `join_table` name on a `habtm`, rails was not saving it
-    on Reflections. This causes a problem when rails loads fixtures, because it
-    uses the reflections to set database with fixtures.
+    *Sean Griffin*
 
-    Fixes #14845.
+*   Values which would error while being sent to the database (such as an
+    ASCII-8BIT string with invalid UTF-8 bytes on SQLite3), no longer error on
+    assignment. They will still error when sent to the database, but you are
+    given the ability to re-assign it to a valid value.
 
-    *Kassio Borges*
+    Fixes #18580.
 
-*   Reset the cache when modifying a Relation with cached Arel.
-    Additionally display a warning message to make the user aware.
+    *Sean Griffin*
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+*   Don't remove join dependencies in `Relation#exists?`
 
-*   PostgreSQL should internally use `:datetime` consistently for TimeStamp. Assures
-    different spellings of timestamps are treated the same.
+    Fixes #18632.
 
-    Example:
+    *Sean Griffin*
 
-        mytimestamp.simplified_type('timestamp without time zone')
-        # => :datetime
-        mytimestamp.simplified_type('timestamp(6) without time zone')
-        # => also :datetime (previously would be :timestamp)
+*   Invalid values assigned to a JSON column are assumed to be `nil`.
 
-    See #14513.
+    Fixes #18629.
 
-    *Jefferson Lai*
+    *Sean Griffin*
 
-*   `ActiveRecord::Base.no_touching` no longer triggers callbacks or start empty transactions.
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base#accessed_fields`, which can be used to quickly
+    discover which fields were read from a model when you are looking to only
+    select the data you need from the database.
 
-    Fixes #14841.
+    *Sean Griffin*
 
-    *Lucas Mazza*
+*   Introduce the `:if_exists` option for `drop_table`.
 
-*   Fix name collision with `Array#select!` with `Relation#select!`.
+    Example:
 
-    Fixes #14752.
+        drop_table(:posts, if_exists: true)
 
-    *Earl St Sauver*
+    That would execute:
 
-*   Fix unexpected behavior for `has_many :through` associations going through
-    a scoped `has_many`.
+        DROP TABLE IF EXISTS posts
 
-    If a `has_many` association is adjusted using a scope, and another
-    `has_many :through` uses this association, then the scope adjustment is
-    unexpectedly neglected.
+    If the table doesn't exist, `if_exists: false` (the default) raises an
+    exception whereas `if_exists: true` does nothing.
 
-    Fixes #14537.
+    *Cody Cutrer*, *Stefan Kanev*, *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Jan Habermann*
+*   Don't run SQL if attribute value is not changed for update_attribute method.
 
-*   `@destroyed` should always be set to `false` when an object is duped.
+    *Prathamesh Sonpatki*
 
-    *Kuldeep Aggarwal*
+*   `time` columns can now get affected by `time_zone_aware_attributes`. If you have
+    set `config.time_zone` to a value other than `'UTC'`, they will be treated
+    as in that time zone by default in Rails 5.1. If this is not the desired
+    behavior, you can set
 
-*   Enable `has_many` associations to support irregular inflections.
+        ActiveRecord::Base.time_zone_aware_types = [:datetime]
 
-    Fixes #8928.
+    A deprecation warning will be emitted if you have a `:time` column, and have
+    not explicitly opted out.
 
-    *arthurnn*, *Javier Goizueta*
+    Fixes #3145.
 
-*   Fix `count` used with a grouping not returning a Hash.
+    *Sean Griffin*
 
-    Fixes #14721.
+*   Tests now run after_commit callbacks. You no longer have to declare
+    `uses_transaction ‘test name’` to test the results of an after_commit.
 
-    *Eric Chahin*
+    after_commit callbacks run after committing a transaction whose parent
+    is not `joinable?`: un-nested transactions, transactions within test cases,
+    and transactions in `console --sandbox`.
 
-*   `sanitize_sql_like` helper method to escape a string for safe use in an SQL
-    LIKE statement.
+    *arthurnn*, *Ravil Bayramgalin*, *Matthew Draper*
 
-    Example:
+*   `nil` as a value for a binary column in a query no longer logs as
+    "<NULL binary data>", and instead logs as just "nil".
 
-        class Article
-          def self.search(term)
-            where("title LIKE ?", sanitize_sql_like(term))
-          end
-        end
+    *Sean Griffin*
 
-        Article.search("20% _reduction_")
-        # => Query looks like "... title LIKE '20\% \_reduction\_' ..."
+*   `attribute_will_change!` will no longer cause non-persistable attributes to
+    be sent to the database.
 
-    *Rob Gilson*, *Yves Senn*
+    Fixes #18407.
 
-*   Do not quote uuid default value on `change_column`.
+    *Sean Griffin*
 
-    Fixes #14604.
+*   Remove support for the `protected_attributes` gem.
 
-    *Eric Chahin*
+    *Carlos Antonio da Silva*, *Roberto Miranda*
 
-*   The comparison between `Relation` and `CollectionProxy` should be consistent.
+*   Fix accessing of fixtures having non-string labels like Fixnum.
 
-    Example:
+    *Prathamesh Sonpatki*
 
-        author.posts == Post.where(author_id: author.id)
-        # => true
-        Post.where(author_id: author.id) == author.posts
-        # => true
+*   Remove deprecated support to preload instance-dependent associations.
 
-    Fixes #13506.
+    *Yves Senn*
 
-    *Lauro Caetano*
+*   Remove deprecated support for PostgreSQL ranges with exclusive lower bounds.
 
-*   Calling `delete_all` on an unloaded `CollectionProxy` no longer
-    generates an SQL statement containing each id of the collection:
+    *Yves Senn*
 
-    Before:
+*   Remove deprecation when modifying a relation with cached Arel.
+    This raises an `ImmutableRelation` error instead.
 
-        DELETE FROM `model` WHERE `model`.`parent_id` = 1
-        AND `model`.`id` IN (1, 2, 3...)
+    *Yves Senn*
 
-    After:
+*   Added `ActiveRecord::SecureToken` in order to encapsulate generation of
+    unique tokens for attributes in a model using `SecureRandom`.
 
-        DELETE FROM `model` WHERE `model`.`parent_id` = 1
+    *Roberto Miranda*
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *Aaron Patterson*
+*   Change the behavior of boolean columns to be closer to Ruby's semantics.
 
-*   Fix invalid SQL when aggregate methods (`empty?`, `any?`, `count`) used
-    with `select`.
+    Before this change we had a small set of "truthy", and all others are "falsy".
 
-    Fixes #13648.
+    Now, we have a small set of "falsy" values and all others are "truthy" matching
+    Ruby's semantics.
 
-    *Simon Woker*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   PostgreSQL adapter only warns once for every missing OID per connection.
+*   Deprecate `ActiveRecord::Base.errors_in_transactional_callbacks=`.
 
-    Fixes #14275.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Matthew Draper*, *Yves Senn*
+*   Change transaction callbacks to not swallow errors.
 
-*   PostgreSQL adapter automatically reloads it's type map when encountering
-    unknown OIDs.
+    Before this change any errors raised inside a transaction callback
+    were getting rescued and printed in the logs.
 
-    Fixes #14678.
+    Now these errors are not rescued anymore and just bubble up, as the other callbacks.
 
-    *Matthew Draper*, *Yves Senn*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Fix insertion of records via `has_many :through` association with scope.
+*   Remove deprecated `sanitize_sql_hash_for_conditions`.
 
-    Fixes #3548.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Ivan Antropov*
+*   Remove deprecated `Reflection#source_macro`.
 
-*   Auto-generate stable fixture UUIDs on PostgreSQL.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    Fixes #11524.
+*   Remove deprecated `symbolized_base_class` and `symbolized_sti_name`.
 
-    *Roderick van Domburg*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Fix a problem where an enum would overwrite values of another enum with the
-    same name in an unrelated class.
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Base.disable_implicit_join_references=`.
 
-    Fixes #14607.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Evan Whalen*
+*   Remove deprecated access to connection specification using a string accessor.
 
-*   PostgreSQL and SQLite string columns no longer have a default limit of 255.
+    Now all strings will be handled as a URL.
 
-    Fixes #13435, #9153.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Vladimir Sazhin*, *Toms Mikoss*, *Yves Senn*
+*   Change the default `null` value for `timestamps` to `false`.
 
-*   Make possible to have an association called `records`.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    Fixes #11645.
+*   Return an array of pools from `connection_pools`.
 
-    *prathamesh-sonpatki*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   `to_sql` on an association now matches the query that is actually executed, where it
-    could previously have incorrectly accrued additional conditions (e.g. as a result of
-    a previous query). `CollectionProxy` now always defers to the association scope's
-    `arel` method so the (incorrect) inherited one should be entirely concealed.
+*   Return a null column from `column_for_attribute` when no column exists.
 
-    Fixes #14003.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Jefferson Lai*
+*   Remove deprecated `serialized_attributes`.
 
-*   Block a few default Class methods as scope name.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    For instance, this will raise:
+*   Remove deprecated automatic counter caches on `has_many :through`.
 
-        scope :public, -> { where(status: 1) }
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *arthurnn*
+*   Change the way in which callback chains can be halted.
 
-*   Fix error when using `with_options` with lambda.
+    The preferred method to halt a callback chain from now on is to explicitly
+    `throw(:abort)`.
+    In the past, returning `false` in an Active Record `before_` callback had the
+    side effect of halting the callback chain.
+    This is not recommended anymore and, depending on the value of the
+    `ActiveSupport.halt_callback_chains_on_return_false` option, will
+    either not work at all or display a deprecation warning.
 
-    Fixes #9805.
+    *claudiob*
 
-    *Lauro Caetano*
+*   Clear query cache on rollback.
 
-*   Switch `sqlite3:///` URLs (which were temporarily
-    deprecated in 4.1) from relative to absolute.
+    *Florian Weingarten*
 
-    If you still want the previous interpretation, you should replace
-    `sqlite3:///my/path` with `sqlite3:my/path`.
+*   Fix setting of foreign_key for through associations when building a new record.
 
-    *Matthew Draper*
+    Fixes #12698.
 
-*   Treat blank UUID values as `nil`.
+    *Ivan Antropov*
 
-    Example:
+*   Improve dumping of the primary key. If it is not a default primary key,
+    correctly dump the type and options.
 
-        Sample.new(uuid_field: '') #=> <Sample id: nil, uuid_field: nil>
+    Fixes #14169, #16599.
 
-    *Dmitry Lavrov*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Enable support for materialized views on PostgreSQL >= 9.3.
+*   Format the datetime string according to the precision of the datetime field.
 
-    *Dave Lee*
+    Incompatible to rounding behavior between MySQL 5.6 and earlier.
 
-*   The PostgreSQL adapter supports custom domains. Fixes #14305.
+    In 5.5, when you insert `2014-08-17 12:30:00.999999` the fractional part
+    is ignored. In 5.6, it's rounded to `2014-08-17 12:30:01`:
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    http://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=68760
 
-*   PostgreSQL `Column#type` is now determined through the corresponding OID.
-    The column types stay the same except for enum columns. They no longer have
-    `nil` as type but `enum`.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    See #7814.
+*   Allow a precision option for MySQL datetimes.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Fix error when specifying a non-empty default value on a PostgreSQL array
-    column.
+*   Fixed automatic `inverse_of` for models nested in a module.
 
-    Fixes #10613.
+    *Andrew McCloud*
 
-    *Luke Steensen*
+*   Change `ActiveRecord::Relation#update` behavior so that it can
+    be called without passing ids of the records to be updated.
 
-*   Fix error where `.persisted?` throws SystemStackError for an unsaved model with a
-    custom primary key that did not save due to validation error.
+    This change allows updating multiple records returned by
+    `ActiveRecord::Relation` with callbacks and validations.
 
-    Fixes #14393.
+        # Before
+        # ArgumentError: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)
+        Comment.where(group: 'expert').update(body: "Group of Rails Experts")
 
-    *Chris Finne*
+        # After
+        # Comments with group expert updated with body "Group of Rails Experts"
+        Comment.where(group: 'expert').update(body: "Group of Rails Experts")
 
-*   Introduce `validate` as an alias for `valid?`.
+    *Prathamesh Sonpatki*
 
-    This is more intuitive when you want to run validations but don't care about the return value.
+*   Fix `reaping_frequency` option when the value is a string.
 
-    *Henrik Nyh*
+    This usually happens when it is configured using `DATABASE_URL`.
 
-*   Create indexes inline in CREATE TABLE for MySQL.
+    *korbin*
 
-    This is important, because adding an index on a temporary table after it has been created
-    would commit the transaction.
+*   Fix error message when trying to create an associated record and the foreign
+    key is missing.
 
-    It also allows creating and dropping indexed tables with fewer queries and fewer permissions
-    required.
+    Before this fix the following exception was being raised:
 
-    Example:
+        NoMethodError: undefined method `val' for #<Arel::Nodes::BindParam:0x007fc64d19c218>
 
-        create_table :temp, temporary: true, as: "SELECT id, name, zip FROM a_really_complicated_query" do |t|
-          t.index :zip
-        end
-        # => CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE temp (INDEX (zip)) AS SELECT id, name, zip FROM a_really_complicated_query
+    Now the message is:
 
-    *Cody Cutrer*, *Steve Rice*, *Rafael Mendonça Franca*
+        ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError: unknown attribute 'foreign_key' for Model.
 
-*   Use singular table name in generated migrations when
-    `ActiveRecord::Base.pluralize_table_names` is `false`.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    Fixes #13426.
+*   Fix change detection problem for PostgreSQL bytea type and
+    `ArgumentError: string contains null byte` exception with pg-0.18.
 
-    *Kuldeep Aggarwal*
+    Fixes #17680.
 
-*   `touch` accepts many attributes to be touched at once.
+    *Lars Kanis*
 
-    Example:
+*   When a table has a composite primary key, the `primary_key` method for
+    SQLite3 and PostgreSQL adapters was only returning the first field of the key.
+    Ensures that it will return nil instead, as Active Record doesn't support
+    composite primary keys.
 
-        # touches :signed_at, :sealed_at, and :updated_at/on attributes.
-        Photo.last.touch(:signed_at, :sealed_at)
+    Fixes #18070.
 
-    *James Pinto*
+    *arthurnn*
 
-*   `rake db:structure:dump` only dumps schema information if the schema
-    migration table exists.
+*   `validates_size_of` / `validates_length_of` do not count records
+    which are `marked_for_destruction?`.
 
-    Fixes #14217.
+    Fixes #7247.
 
     *Yves Senn*
 
-*   Reap connections that were checked out by now-dead threads, instead
-    of waiting until they disconnect by themselves. Before this change,
-    a suitably constructed series of short-lived threads could starve
-    the connection pool, without ever having more than a couple alive at
-    the same time.
-
-    *Matthew Draper*
-
-*   `pk_and_sequence_for` now ensures that only the pg_depend entries
-    pointing to pg_class, and thus only sequence objects, are considered.
-
-    *Josh Williams*
+*   Ensure `first!` and friends work on loaded associations.
 
-*   `where.not` adds `references` for `includes` like normal `where` calls do.
+    Fixes #18237.
 
-    Fixes #14406.
+    *Sean Griffin*
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+*   `eager_load` preserves readonly flag for associations.
 
-*   Extend fixture `$LABEL` replacement to allow string interpolation.
+    Fixes #15853.
 
-    Example:
+    *Takashi Kokubun*
 
-        martin:
-          email: $LABEL@email.com
+*   Provide `:touch` option to `save()` to accommodate saving without updating
+    timestamps.
 
-        users(:martin).email # => martin@email.com
+    Fixes #18202.
 
-    *Eric Steele*
+    *Dan Olson*
 
-*   Add support for `Relation` be passed as parameter on `QueryCache#select_all`.
+*   Provide a more helpful error message when an unsupported class is passed to
+    `serialize`.
 
-    Fixes #14361.
+    Fixes #18224.
 
-    *arthurnn*
+    *Sean Griffin*
 
-*   Passing an Active Record object to `find` or `exists?` is now deprecated.
-    Call `.id` on the object first.
+*   Add bigint primary key support for MySQL.
 
-    *Aaron Patterson*
+    Example:
 
-*   Only use BINARY for MySQL case sensitive uniqueness check when column
-    has a case insensitive collation.
+        create_table :foos, id: :bigint do |t|
+        end
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Support for MySQL 5.6 fractional seconds.
+*   Support for any type of primary key.
 
-    *arthurnn*, *Tatsuhiko Miyagawa*
+    Fixes #14194.
 
-*   Support for PostgreSQL `citext` data type enabling case-insensitive
-   `where` values without needing to wrap in UPPER/LOWER sql functions.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Troy Kruthoff*, *Lachlan Sylvester*
+*   Dump the default `nil` for PostgreSQL UUID primary key.
 
-*   Only save has_one associations if record has changes.
-    Previously after save related callbacks, such as `#after_commit`, were triggered when the has_one
-    object did not get saved to the db.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Alan Kennedy*
+*   Add a `:foreign_key` option to `references` and associated migration
+    methods. The model and migration generators now use this option, rather than
+    the `add_foreign_key` form.
 
-*   Allow strings to specify the `#order` value.
+    *Sean Griffin*
 
-    Example:
+*   Don't raise when writing an attribute with an out-of-range datetime passed
+    by the user.
 
-        Model.order(id: 'asc').to_sql == Model.order(id: :asc).to_sql
+    *Grey Baker*
 
-    *Marcelo Casiraghi*, *Robin Dupret*
+*   Replace deprecated `ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks#load_schema` with
+    `ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks#load_schema_for`.
 
-*   Dynamically register PostgreSQL enum OIDs. This prevents "unknown OID"
-    warnings on enum columns.
+    *Yves Senn*
 
-    *Dieter Komendera*
+*   Fix bug with `ActiveRecord::Type::Numeric` that caused negative values to
+    be marked as having changed when set to the same negative value.
 
-*   `includes` is able to detect the right preloading strategy when string
-    joins are involved.
+    Fixes #18161.
 
-    Fixes #14109.
+    *Daniel Fox*
 
-    *Aaron Patterson*, *Yves Senn*
+*   Introduce `force: :cascade` option for `create_table`. Using this option
+    will recreate tables even if they have dependent objects (like foreign keys).
+    `db/schema.rb` now uses `force: :cascade`. This makes it possible to
+    reload the schema when foreign keys are in place.
 
-*   Fix error with validation with enum fields for records where the value for
-    any enum attribute is always evaluated as 0 during uniqueness validation.
+    *Matthew Draper*, *Yves Senn*
 
-    Fixes #14172.
+*   `db:schema:load` and `db:structure:load` no longer purge the database
+    before loading the schema. This is left for the user to do.
+    `db:test:prepare` will still purge the database.
 
-    *Vilius Luneckas* *Ahmed AbouElhamayed*
+    Fixes #17945.
 
-*   `before_add` callbacks are fired before the record is saved on
-    `has_and_belongs_to_many` associations *and* on `has_many :through`
-    associations.  Before this change, `before_add` callbacks would be fired
-    before the record was saved on `has_and_belongs_to_many` associations, but
-    *not* on `has_many :through` associations.
+    *Yves Senn*
 
-    Fixes #14144.
+*   Fix undesirable RangeError by `Type::Integer`. Add `Type::UnsignedInteger`.
 
-*   Fix STI classes not defining an attribute method if there is a conflicting
-    private method defined on its ancestors.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    Fixes #11569.
+*   Add `foreign_type` option to `has_one` and `has_many` association macros.
 
-    *Godfrey Chan*
+    This option enables to define the column name of associated object's type for polymorphic associations.
 
-*   Coerce strings when reading attributes. Fixes #10485.
+    *Ulisses Almeida*, *Kassio Borges*
 
-    Example:
+*   Remove deprecated behavior allowing nested arrays to be passed as query
+    values.
 
-        book = Book.new(title: 12345)
-        book.save!
-        book.title # => "12345"
+    *Melanie Gilman*
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+*   Deprecate passing a class as a value in a query. Users should pass strings
+    instead.
 
-*   Deprecate half-baked support for PostgreSQL range values with excluding beginnings.
-    We currently map PostgreSQL ranges to Ruby ranges. This conversion is not fully
-    possible because the Ruby range does not support excluded beginnings.
+    *Melanie Gilman*
 
-    The current solution of incrementing the beginning is not correct and is now
-    deprecated. For subtypes where we don't know how to increment (e.g. `#succ`
-    is not defined) it will raise an `ArgumentException` for ranges with excluding
-    beginnings.
+*   `add_timestamps` and `remove_timestamps` now properly reversible with
+    options.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    *Noam Gagliardi-Rabinovich*
 
-*   Support for user created range types in PostgreSQL.
+*   `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ColumnDumper#column_spec` and
+    `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ColumnDumper#prepare_column_options` no
+    longer have a `types` argument. They should access
+    `connection#native_database_types` directly.
 
     *Yves Senn*
 
-Please check [4-1-stable](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-1-stable/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md) for previous changes.
+Please check [4-2-stable](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-2-stable/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md) for previous changes.