activerecord 1.0.0 → 4.0.0

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,873 @@
+require 'active_record/migration/join_table'
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  module ConnectionAdapters # :nodoc:
+    module SchemaStatements
+      include ActiveRecord::Migration::JoinTable
+
+      # Returns a hash of mappings from the abstract data types to the native
+      # database types. See TableDefinition#column for details on the recognized
+      # abstract data types.
+      def native_database_types
+        {}
+      end
+
+      # Truncates a table alias according to the limits of the current adapter.
+      def table_alias_for(table_name)
+        table_name[0...table_alias_length].tr('.', '_')
+      end
+
+      # Checks to see if the table +table_name+ exists on the database.
+      #
+      #   table_exists?(:developers)
+      #
+      def table_exists?(table_name)
+        tables.include?(table_name.to_s)
+      end
+
+      # Returns an array of indexes for the given table.
+      # def indexes(table_name, name = nil) end
+
+      # Checks to see if an index exists on a table for a given index definition.
+      #
+      #   # Check an index exists
+      #   index_exists?(:suppliers, :company_id)
+      #
+      #   # Check an index on multiple columns exists
+      #   index_exists?(:suppliers, [:company_id, :company_type])
+      #
+      #   # Check a unique index exists
+      #   index_exists?(:suppliers, :company_id, unique: true)
+      #
+      #   # Check an index with a custom name exists
+      #   index_exists?(:suppliers, :company_id, name: "idx_company_id"
+      #
+      def index_exists?(table_name, column_name, options = {})
+        column_names = Array(column_name)
+        index_name = options.key?(:name) ? options[:name].to_s : index_name(table_name, :column => column_names)
+        if options[:unique]
+          indexes(table_name).any?{ |i| i.unique && i.name == index_name }
+        else
+          indexes(table_name).any?{ |i| i.name == index_name }
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Returns an array of Column objects for the table specified by +table_name+.
+      # See the concrete implementation for details on the expected parameter values.
+      def columns(table_name) end
+
+      # Checks to see if a column exists in a given table.
+      #
+      #   # Check a column exists
+      #   column_exists?(:suppliers, :name)
+      #
+      #   # Check a column exists of a particular type
+      #   column_exists?(:suppliers, :name, :string)
+      #
+      #   # Check a column exists with a specific definition
+      #   column_exists?(:suppliers, :name, :string, limit: 100)
+      #   column_exists?(:suppliers, :name, :string, default: 'default')
+      #   column_exists?(:suppliers, :name, :string, null: false)
+      #   column_exists?(:suppliers, :tax, :decimal, precision: 8, scale: 2)
+      #
+      def column_exists?(table_name, column_name, type = nil, options = {})
+        columns(table_name).any?{ |c| c.name == column_name.to_s &&
+                                      (!type                     || c.type == type) &&
+                                      (!options.key?(:limit)     || c.limit == options[:limit]) &&
+                                      (!options.key?(:precision) || c.precision == options[:precision]) &&
+                                      (!options.key?(:scale)     || c.scale == options[:scale]) &&
+                                      (!options.key?(:default)   || c.default == options[:default]) &&
+                                      (!options.key?(:null)      || c.null == options[:null]) }
+      end
+
+      # Creates a new table with the name +table_name+. +table_name+ may either
+      # be a String or a Symbol.
+      #
+      # There are two ways to work with +create_table+. You can use the block
+      # form or the regular form, like this:
+      #
+      # === Block form
+      #
+      #   # create_table() passes a TableDefinition object to the block.
+      #   # This form will not only create the table, but also columns for the
+      #   # table.
+      #
+      #   create_table(:suppliers) do |t|
+      #     t.column :name, :string, limit: 60
+      #     # Other fields here
+      #   end
+      #
+      # === Block form, with shorthand
+      #
+      #   # You can also use the column types as method calls, rather than calling the column method.
+      #   create_table(:suppliers) do |t|
+      #     t.string :name, limit: 60
+      #     # Other fields here
+      #   end
+      #
+      # === Regular form
+      #
+      #   # Creates a table called 'suppliers' with no columns.
+      #   create_table(:suppliers)
+      #   # Add a column to 'suppliers'.
+      #   add_column(:suppliers, :name, :string, {limit: 60})
+      #
+      # The +options+ hash can include the following keys:
+      # [<tt>:id</tt>]
+      #   Whether to automatically add a primary key column. Defaults to true.
+      #   Join tables for +has_and_belongs_to_many+ should set it to false.
+      # [<tt>:primary_key</tt>]
+      #   The name of the primary key, if one is to be added automatically.
+      #   Defaults to +id+. If <tt>:id</tt> is false this option is ignored.
+      #
+      #   Also note that this just sets the primary key in the table. You additionally
+      #   need to configure the primary key in the model via +self.primary_key=+.
+      #   Models do NOT auto-detect the primary key from their table definition.
+      #
+      # [<tt>:options</tt>]
+      #   Any extra options you want appended to the table definition.
+      # [<tt>:temporary</tt>]
+      #   Make a temporary table.
+      # [<tt>:force</tt>]
+      #   Set to true to drop the table before creating it.
+      #   Defaults to false.
+      #
+      # ====== Add a backend specific option to the generated SQL (MySQL)
+      #
+      #   create_table(:suppliers, options: 'ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8')
+      #
+      # generates:
+      #
+      #   CREATE TABLE suppliers (
+      #     id int(11) DEFAULT NULL auto_increment PRIMARY KEY
+      #   ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
+      #
+      # ====== Rename the primary key column
+      #
+      #   create_table(:objects, primary_key: 'guid') do |t|
+      #     t.column :name, :string, limit: 80
+      #   end
+      #
+      # generates:
+      #
+      #   CREATE TABLE objects (
+      #     guid int(11) DEFAULT NULL auto_increment PRIMARY KEY,
+      #     name varchar(80)
+      #   )
+      #
+      # ====== Do not add a primary key column
+      #
+      #   create_table(:categories_suppliers, id: false) do |t|
+      #     t.column :category_id, :integer
+      #     t.column :supplier_id, :integer
+      #   end
+      #
+      # generates:
+      #
+      #   CREATE TABLE categories_suppliers (
+      #     category_id int,
+      #     supplier_id int
+      #   )
+      #
+      # See also TableDefinition#column for details on how to create columns.
+      def create_table(table_name, options = {})
+        td = create_table_definition table_name, options[:temporary], options[:options]
+
+        unless options[:id] == false
+          pk = options.fetch(:primary_key) {
+            Base.get_primary_key table_name.to_s.singularize
+          }
+
+          td.primary_key pk, options.fetch(:id, :primary_key), options
+        end
+
+        yield td if block_given?
+
+        if options[:force] && table_exists?(table_name)
+          drop_table(table_name, options)
+        end
+
+        execute schema_creation.accept td
+        td.indexes.each_pair { |c,o| add_index table_name, c, o }
+      end
+
+      # Creates a new join table with the name created using the lexical order of the first two
+      # arguments. These arguments can be a String or a Symbol.
+      #
+      #   # Creates a table called 'assemblies_parts' with no id.
+      #   create_join_table(:assemblies, :parts)
+      #
+      # You can pass a +options+ hash can include the following keys:
+      # [<tt>:table_name</tt>]
+      #   Sets the table name overriding the default
+      # [<tt>:column_options</tt>]
+      #   Any extra options you want appended to the columns definition.
+      # [<tt>:options</tt>]
+      #   Any extra options you want appended to the table definition.
+      # [<tt>:temporary</tt>]
+      #   Make a temporary table.
+      # [<tt>:force</tt>]
+      #   Set to true to drop the table before creating it.
+      #   Defaults to false.
+      #
+      # Note that +create_join_table+ does not create any indices by default; you can use
+      # its block form to do so yourself:
+      #
+      #   create_join_table :products, :categories do |t|
+      #     t.index :product_id
+      #     t.index :category_id
+      #   end
+      #
+      # ====== Add a backend specific option to the generated SQL (MySQL)
+      #
+      #   create_join_table(:assemblies, :parts, options: 'ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8')
+      #
+      # generates:
+      #
+      #   CREATE TABLE assemblies_parts (
+      #     assembly_id int NOT NULL,
+      #     part_id int NOT NULL,
+      #   ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
+      #
+      def create_join_table(table_1, table_2, options = {})
+        join_table_name = find_join_table_name(table_1, table_2, options)
+
+        column_options = options.delete(:column_options) || {}
+        column_options.reverse_merge!(null: false)
+
+        t1_column, t2_column = [table_1, table_2].map{ |t| t.to_s.singularize.foreign_key }
+
+        create_table(join_table_name, options.merge!(id: false)) do |td|
+          td.integer t1_column, column_options
+          td.integer t2_column, column_options
+          yield td if block_given?
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Drops the join table specified by the given arguments.
+      # See +create_join_table+ for details.
+      #
+      # Although this command ignores the block if one is given, it can be helpful
+      # to provide one in a migration's +change+ method so it can be reverted.
+      # In that case, the block will be used by create_join_table.
+      def drop_join_table(table_1, table_2, options = {})
+        join_table_name = find_join_table_name(table_1, table_2, options)
+        drop_table(join_table_name)
+      end
+
+      # A block for changing columns in +table+.
+      #
+      #   # change_table() yields a Table instance
+      #   change_table(:suppliers) do |t|
+      #     t.column :name, :string, limit: 60
+      #     # Other column alterations here
+      #   end
+      #
+      # The +options+ hash can include the following keys:
+      # [<tt>:bulk</tt>]
+      #   Set this to true to make this a bulk alter query, such as
+      #
+      #     ALTER TABLE `users` ADD COLUMN age INT(11), ADD COLUMN birthdate DATETIME ...
+      #
+      #   Defaults to false.
+      #
+      # ====== Add a column
+      #
+      #   change_table(:suppliers) do |t|
+      #     t.column :name, :string, limit: 60
+      #   end
+      #
+      # ====== Add 2 integer columns
+      #
+      #   change_table(:suppliers) do |t|
+      #     t.integer :width, :height, null: false, default: 0
+      #   end
+      #
+      # ====== Add created_at/updated_at columns
+      #
+      #   change_table(:suppliers) do |t|
+      #     t.timestamps
+      #   end
+      #
+      # ====== Add a foreign key column
+      #
+      #   change_table(:suppliers) do |t|
+      #     t.references :company
+      #   end
+      #
+      # Creates a <tt>company_id(integer)</tt> column.
+      #
+      # ====== Add a polymorphic foreign key column
+      #
+      #  change_table(:suppliers) do |t|
+      #    t.belongs_to :company, polymorphic: true
+      #  end
+      #
+      # Creates <tt>company_type(varchar)</tt> and <tt>company_id(integer)</tt> columns.
+      #
+      # ====== Remove a column
+      #
+      #  change_table(:suppliers) do |t|
+      #    t.remove :company
+      #  end
+      #
+      # ====== Remove several columns
+      #
+      #  change_table(:suppliers) do |t|
+      #    t.remove :company_id
+      #    t.remove :width, :height
+      #  end
+      #
+      # ====== Remove an index
+      #
+      #  change_table(:suppliers) do |t|
+      #    t.remove_index :company_id
+      #  end
+      #
+      # See also Table for details on all of the various column transformation.
+      def change_table(table_name, options = {})
+        if supports_bulk_alter? && options[:bulk]
+          recorder = ActiveRecord::Migration::CommandRecorder.new(self)
+          yield update_table_definition(table_name, recorder)
+          bulk_change_table(table_name, recorder.commands)
+        else
+          yield update_table_definition(table_name, self)
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Renames a table.
+      #
+      #   rename_table('octopuses', 'octopi')
+      #
+      def rename_table(table_name, new_name)
+        raise NotImplementedError, "rename_table is not implemented"
+      end
+
+      # Drops a table from the database.
+      #
+      # Although this command ignores +options+ and the block if one is given, it can be helpful
+      # to provide these in a migration's +change+ method so it can be reverted.
+      # In that case, +options+ and the block will be used by create_table.
+      def drop_table(table_name, options = {})
+        execute "DROP TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)}"
+      end
+
+      # Adds a new column to the named table.
+      # See TableDefinition#column for details of the options you can use.
+      def add_column(table_name, column_name, type, options = {})
+        at = create_alter_table table_name
+        at.add_column(column_name, type, options)
+        execute schema_creation.accept at
+      end
+
+      # Removes the given columns from the table definition.
+      #
+      #   remove_columns(:suppliers, :qualification, :experience)
+      #
+      def remove_columns(table_name, *column_names)
+        raise ArgumentError.new("You must specify at least one column name. Example: remove_columns(:people, :first_name)") if column_names.empty?
+        column_names.each do |column_name|
+          remove_column(table_name, column_name)
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Removes the column from the table definition.
+      #
+      #   remove_column(:suppliers, :qualification)
+      #
+      # The +type+ and +options+ parameters will be ignored if present. It can be helpful
+      # to provide these in a migration's +change+ method so it can be reverted.
+      # In that case, +type+ and +options+ will be used by add_column.
+      def remove_column(table_name, column_name, type = nil, options = {})
+        execute "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} DROP #{quote_column_name(column_name)}"
+      end
+
+      # Changes the column's definition according to the new options.
+      # See TableDefinition#column for details of the options you can use.
+      #
+      #   change_column(:suppliers, :name, :string, limit: 80)
+      #   change_column(:accounts, :description, :text)
+      #
+      def change_column(table_name, column_name, type, options = {})
+        raise NotImplementedError, "change_column is not implemented"
+      end
+
+      # Sets a new default value for a column:
+      #
+      #   change_column_default(:suppliers, :qualification, 'new')
+      #   change_column_default(:accounts, :authorized, 1)
+      #
+      # Setting the default to +nil+ effectively drops the default:
+      #
+      #   change_column_default(:users, :email, nil)
+      #
+      def change_column_default(table_name, column_name, default)
+        raise NotImplementedError, "change_column_default is not implemented"
+      end
+
+      # Sets or removes a +NOT NULL+ constraint on a column. The +null+ flag
+      # indicates whether the value can be +NULL+. For example
+      #
+      #   change_column_null(:users, :nickname, false)
+      #
+      # says nicknames cannot be +NULL+ (adds the constraint), whereas
+      #
+      #   change_column_null(:users, :nickname, true)
+      #
+      # allows them to be +NULL+ (drops the constraint).
+      #
+      # The method accepts an optional fourth argument to replace existing
+      # +NULL+s with some other value. Use that one when enabling the
+      # constraint if needed, since otherwise those rows would not be valid.
+      #
+      # Please note the fourth argument does not set a column's default.
+      def change_column_null(table_name, column_name, null, default = nil)
+        raise NotImplementedError, "change_column_null is not implemented"
+      end
+
+      # Renames a column.
+      #
+      #   rename_column(:suppliers, :description, :name)
+      #
+      def rename_column(table_name, column_name, new_column_name)
+        raise NotImplementedError, "rename_column is not implemented"
+      end
+
+      # Adds a new index to the table. +column_name+ can be a single Symbol, or
+      # an Array of Symbols.
+      #
+      # The index will be named after the table and the column name(s), unless
+      # you pass <tt>:name</tt> as an option.
+      #
+      # ====== Creating a simple index
+      #
+      #   add_index(:suppliers, :name)
+      #
+      # generates:
+      #
+      #   CREATE INDEX suppliers_name_index ON suppliers(name)
+      #
+      # ====== Creating a unique index
+      #
+      #   add_index(:accounts, [:branch_id, :party_id], unique: true)
+      #
+      # generates:
+      #
+      #   CREATE UNIQUE INDEX accounts_branch_id_party_id_index ON accounts(branch_id, party_id)
+      #
+      # ====== Creating a named index
+      #
+      #   add_index(:accounts, [:branch_id, :party_id], unique: true, name: 'by_branch_party')
+      #
+      # generates:
+      #
+      #  CREATE UNIQUE INDEX by_branch_party ON accounts(branch_id, party_id)
+      #
+      # ====== Creating an index with specific key length
+      #
+      #   add_index(:accounts, :name, name: 'by_name', length: 10)
+      #
+      # generates:
+      #
+      #   CREATE INDEX by_name ON accounts(name(10))
+      #
+      #   add_index(:accounts, [:name, :surname], name: 'by_name_surname', length: {name: 10, surname: 15})
+      #
+      # generates:
+      #
+      #   CREATE INDEX by_name_surname ON accounts(name(10), surname(15))
+      #
+      # Note: SQLite doesn't support index length.
+      #
+      # ====== Creating an index with a sort order (desc or asc, asc is the default)
+      #
+      #   add_index(:accounts, [:branch_id, :party_id, :surname], order: {branch_id: :desc, party_id: :asc})
+      #
+      # generates:
+      #
+      #   CREATE INDEX by_branch_desc_party ON accounts(branch_id DESC, party_id ASC, surname)
+      #
+      # Note: MySQL doesn't yet support index order (it accepts the syntax but ignores it).
+      #
+      # ====== Creating a partial index
+      #
+      #   add_index(:accounts, [:branch_id, :party_id], unique: true, where: "active")
+      #
+      # generates:
+      #
+      #   CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_accounts_on_branch_id_and_party_id ON accounts(branch_id, party_id) WHERE active
+      #
+      # ====== Creating an index with a specific method
+      #
+      #   add_index(:developers, :name, using: 'btree')
+      #
+      # generates:
+      #
+      #   CREATE INDEX index_developers_on_name ON developers USING btree (name) -- PostgreSQL
+      #   CREATE INDEX index_developers_on_name USING btree ON developers (name) -- MySQL
+      #
+      # Note: only supported by PostgreSQL and MySQL
+      #
+      # ====== Creating an index with a specific type
+      #
+      #   add_index(:developers, :name, type: :fulltext)
+      #
+      # generates:
+      #
+      #   CREATE FULLTEXT INDEX index_developers_on_name ON developers (name) -- MySQL
+      #
+      # Note: only supported by MySQL. Supported: <tt>:fulltext</tt> and <tt>:spatial</tt> on MyISAM tables.
+      def add_index(table_name, column_name, options = {})
+        index_name, index_type, index_columns, index_options = add_index_options(table_name, column_name, options)
+        execute "CREATE #{index_type} INDEX #{quote_column_name(index_name)} ON #{quote_table_name(table_name)} (#{index_columns})#{index_options}"
+      end
+
+      # Removes the given index from the table.
+      #
+      # Removes the +index_accounts_on_column+ in the +accounts+ table.
+      #
+      #   remove_index :accounts, :column
+      #
+      # Removes the index named +index_accounts_on_branch_id+ in the +accounts+ table.
+      #
+      #   remove_index :accounts, column: :branch_id
+      #
+      # Removes the index named +index_accounts_on_branch_id_and_party_id+ in the +accounts+ table.
+      #
+      #   remove_index :accounts, column: [:branch_id, :party_id]
+      #
+      # Removes the index named +by_branch_party+ in the +accounts+ table.
+      #
+      #   remove_index :accounts, name: :by_branch_party
+      #
+      def remove_index(table_name, options = {})
+        remove_index!(table_name, index_name_for_remove(table_name, options))
+      end
+
+      def remove_index!(table_name, index_name) #:nodoc:
+        execute "DROP INDEX #{quote_column_name(index_name)} ON #{quote_table_name(table_name)}"
+      end
+
+      # Renames an index.
+      #
+      # Rename the +index_people_on_last_name+ index to +index_users_on_last_name+:
+      #
+      #   rename_index :people, 'index_people_on_last_name', 'index_users_on_last_name'
+      #
+      def rename_index(table_name, old_name, new_name)
+        # this is a naive implementation; some DBs may support this more efficiently (Postgres, for instance)
+        old_index_def = indexes(table_name).detect { |i| i.name == old_name }
+        return unless old_index_def
+        remove_index(table_name, :name => old_name)
+        add_index(table_name, old_index_def.columns, :name => new_name, :unique => old_index_def.unique)
+      end
+
+      def index_name(table_name, options) #:nodoc:
+        if Hash === options
+          if options[:column]
+            "index_#{table_name}_on_#{Array(options[:column]) * '_and_'}"
+          elsif options[:name]
+            options[:name]
+          else
+            raise ArgumentError, "You must specify the index name"
+          end
+        else
+          index_name(table_name, :column => options)
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Verifies the existence of an index with a given name.
+      #
+      # The default argument is returned if the underlying implementation does not define the indexes method,
+      # as there's no way to determine the correct answer in that case.
+      def index_name_exists?(table_name, index_name, default)
+        return default unless respond_to?(:indexes)
+        index_name = index_name.to_s
+        indexes(table_name).detect { |i| i.name == index_name }
+      end
+
+      # Adds a reference. Optionally adds a +type+ column, if <tt>:polymorphic</tt> option is provided.
+      # <tt>add_reference</tt> and <tt>add_belongs_to</tt> are acceptable.
+      #
+      # ====== Create a user_id column
+      #
+      #   add_reference(:products, :user)
+      #
+      # ====== Create a supplier_id and supplier_type columns
+      #
+      #   add_belongs_to(:products, :supplier, polymorphic: true)
+      #
+      # ====== Create a supplier_id, supplier_type columns and appropriate index
+      #
+      #   add_reference(:products, :supplier, polymorphic: true, index: true)
+      #
+      def add_reference(table_name, ref_name, options = {})
+        polymorphic = options.delete(:polymorphic)
+        index_options = options.delete(:index)
+        add_column(table_name, "#{ref_name}_id", :integer, options)
+        add_column(table_name, "#{ref_name}_type", :string, polymorphic.is_a?(Hash) ? polymorphic : options) if polymorphic
+        add_index(table_name, polymorphic ? %w[id type].map{ |t| "#{ref_name}_#{t}" } : "#{ref_name}_id", index_options.is_a?(Hash) ? index_options : nil) if index_options
+      end
+      alias :add_belongs_to :add_reference
+
+      # Removes the reference(s). Also removes a +type+ column if one exists.
+      # <tt>remove_reference</tt>, <tt>remove_references</tt> and <tt>remove_belongs_to</tt> are acceptable.
+      #
+      # ====== Remove the reference
+      #
+      #   remove_reference(:products, :user, index: true)
+      #
+      # ====== Remove polymorphic reference
+      #
+      #   remove_reference(:products, :supplier, polymorphic: true)
+      #
+      def remove_reference(table_name, ref_name, options = {})
+        remove_column(table_name, "#{ref_name}_id")
+        remove_column(table_name, "#{ref_name}_type") if options[:polymorphic]
+      end
+      alias :remove_belongs_to :remove_reference
+
+      def dump_schema_information #:nodoc:
+        sm_table = ActiveRecord::Migrator.schema_migrations_table_name
+
+        ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration.order('version').map { |sm|
+          "INSERT INTO #{sm_table} (version) VALUES ('#{sm.version}');"
+        }.join "\n\n"
+      end
+
+      # Should not be called normally, but this operation is non-destructive.
+      # The migrations module handles this automatically.
+      def initialize_schema_migrations_table
+        ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration.create_table
+      end
+
+      def assume_migrated_upto_version(version, migrations_paths = ActiveRecord::Migrator.migrations_paths)
+        migrations_paths = Array(migrations_paths)
+        version = version.to_i
+        sm_table = quote_table_name(ActiveRecord::Migrator.schema_migrations_table_name)
+
+        migrated = select_values("SELECT version FROM #{sm_table}").map { |v| v.to_i }
+        paths = migrations_paths.map {|p| "#{p}/[0-9]*_*.rb" }
+        versions = Dir[*paths].map do |filename|
+          filename.split('/').last.split('_').first.to_i
+        end
+
+        unless migrated.include?(version)
+          execute "INSERT INTO #{sm_table} (version) VALUES ('#{version}')"
+        end
+
+        inserted = Set.new
+        (versions - migrated).each do |v|
+          if inserted.include?(v)
+            raise "Duplicate migration #{v}. Please renumber your migrations to resolve the conflict."
+          elsif v < version
+            execute "INSERT INTO #{sm_table} (version) VALUES ('#{v}')"
+            inserted << v
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      def type_to_sql(type, limit = nil, precision = nil, scale = nil) #:nodoc:
+        if native = native_database_types[type.to_sym]
+          column_type_sql = (native.is_a?(Hash) ? native[:name] : native).dup
+
+          if type == :decimal # ignore limit, use precision and scale
+            scale ||= native[:scale]
+
+            if precision ||= native[:precision]
+              if scale
+                column_type_sql << "(#{precision},#{scale})"
+              else
+                column_type_sql << "(#{precision})"
+              end
+            elsif scale
+              raise ArgumentError, "Error adding decimal column: precision cannot be empty if scale is specified"
+            end
+
+          elsif (type != :primary_key) && (limit ||= native.is_a?(Hash) && native[:limit])
+            column_type_sql << "(#{limit})"
+          end
+
+          column_type_sql
+        else
+          type
+        end
+      end
+
+      def add_column_options!(sql, options) #:nodoc:
+        sql << " DEFAULT #{quote(options[:default], options[:column])}" if options_include_default?(options)
+        # must explicitly check for :null to allow change_column to work on migrations
+        if options[:null] == false
+          sql << " NOT NULL"
+        end
+        if options[:auto_increment] == true
+          sql << " AUTO_INCREMENT"
+        end
+      end
+
+      # SELECT DISTINCT clause for a given set of columns and a given ORDER BY clause.
+      # Both PostgreSQL and Oracle overrides this for custom DISTINCT syntax.
+      #
+      #   distinct("posts.id", "posts.created_at desc")
+      #
+      def distinct(columns, order_by)
+        "DISTINCT #{columns}"
+      end
+
+      # Adds timestamps (+created_at+ and +updated_at+) columns to the named table.
+      #
+      #   add_timestamps(:suppliers)
+      #
+      def add_timestamps(table_name)
+        add_column table_name, :created_at, :datetime
+        add_column table_name, :updated_at, :datetime
+      end
+
+      # Removes the timestamp columns (+created_at+ and +updated_at+) from the table definition.
+      #
+      #  remove_timestamps(:suppliers)
+      #
+      def remove_timestamps(table_name)
+        remove_column table_name, :updated_at
+        remove_column table_name, :created_at
+      end
+
+      protected
+        def add_index_sort_order(option_strings, column_names, options = {})
+          if options.is_a?(Hash) && order = options[:order]
+            case order
+            when Hash
+              column_names.each {|name| option_strings[name] += " #{order[name].upcase}" if order.has_key?(name)}
+            when String
+              column_names.each {|name| option_strings[name] += " #{order.upcase}"}
+            end
+          end
+
+          return option_strings
+        end
+
+        # Overridden by the mysql adapter for supporting index lengths
+        def quoted_columns_for_index(column_names, options = {})
+          option_strings = Hash[column_names.map {|name| [name, '']}]
+
+          # add index sort order if supported
+          if supports_index_sort_order?
+            option_strings = add_index_sort_order(option_strings, column_names, options)
+          end
+
+          column_names.map {|name| quote_column_name(name) + option_strings[name]}
+        end
+
+        def options_include_default?(options)
+          options.include?(:default) && !(options[:null] == false && options[:default].nil?)
+        end
+
+        def add_index_options(table_name, column_name, options = {})
+          column_names = Array(column_name)
+          index_name   = index_name(table_name, column: column_names)
+
+          if Hash === options # legacy support, since this param was a string
+            options.assert_valid_keys(:unique, :order, :name, :where, :length, :internal, :using, :algorithm, :type)
+
+            index_type = options[:unique] ? "UNIQUE" : ""
+            index_type = options[:type].to_s if options.key?(:type)
+            index_name = options[:name].to_s if options.key?(:name)
+            max_index_length = options.fetch(:internal, false) ? index_name_length : allowed_index_name_length
+
+            if options.key?(:algorithm)
+              algorithm = index_algorithms.fetch(options[:algorithm]) {
+                raise ArgumentError.new("Algorithm must be one of the following: #{index_algorithms.keys.map(&:inspect).join(', ')}")
+              }
+            end
+
+            using = "USING #{options[:using]}" if options[:using].present?
+
+            if supports_partial_index?
+              index_options = options[:where] ? " WHERE #{options[:where]}" : ""
+            end
+          else
+            if options
+              message = "Passing a string as third argument of `add_index` is deprecated and will" +
+                " be removed in Rails 4.1." +
+                " Use add_index(#{table_name.inspect}, #{column_name.inspect}, unique: true) instead"
+
+              ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn message
+            end
+
+            index_type = options
+            max_index_length = allowed_index_name_length
+            algorithm = using = nil
+          end
+
+          if index_name.length > max_index_length
+            raise ArgumentError, "Index name '#{index_name}' on table '#{table_name}' is too long; the limit is #{max_index_length} characters"
+          end
+          if index_name_exists?(table_name, index_name, false)
+            raise ArgumentError, "Index name '#{index_name}' on table '#{table_name}' already exists"
+          end
+          index_columns = quoted_columns_for_index(column_names, options).join(", ")
+
+          [index_name, index_type, index_columns, index_options, algorithm, using]
+        end
+
+        def index_name_for_remove(table_name, options = {})
+          index_name = index_name(table_name, options)
+
+          unless index_name_exists?(table_name, index_name, true)
+            if options.is_a?(Hash) && options.has_key?(:name)
+              options_without_column = options.dup
+              options_without_column.delete :column
+              index_name_without_column = index_name(table_name, options_without_column)
+
+              return index_name_without_column if index_name_exists?(table_name, index_name_without_column, false)
+            end
+
+            raise ArgumentError, "Index name '#{index_name}' on table '#{table_name}' does not exist"
+          end
+
+          index_name
+        end
+
+        def columns_for_remove(table_name, *column_names)
+          ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn("columns_for_remove is deprecated and will be removed in the future")
+          raise ArgumentError.new("You must specify at least one column name. Example: remove_columns(:people, :first_name)") if column_names.blank?
+          column_names.map {|column_name| quote_column_name(column_name) }
+        end
+
+        def rename_table_indexes(table_name, new_name)
+          indexes(new_name).each do |index|
+            generated_index_name = index_name(table_name, column: index.columns)
+            if generated_index_name == index.name
+              rename_index new_name, generated_index_name, index_name(new_name, column: index.columns)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        def rename_column_indexes(table_name, column_name, new_column_name)
+          column_name, new_column_name = column_name.to_s, new_column_name.to_s
+          indexes(table_name).each do |index|
+            next unless index.columns.include?(new_column_name)
+            old_columns = index.columns.dup
+            old_columns[old_columns.index(new_column_name)] = column_name
+            generated_index_name = index_name(table_name, column: old_columns)
+            if generated_index_name == index.name
+              rename_index table_name, generated_index_name, index_name(table_name, column: index.columns)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+      private
+      def create_table_definition(name, temporary, options)
+        TableDefinition.new native_database_types, name, temporary, options
+      end
+
+      def create_alter_table(name)
+        AlterTable.new create_table_definition(name, false, {})
+      end
+
+      def update_table_definition(table_name, base)
+        Table.new(table_name, base)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end