activerecord 6.0.1

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Files changed (340) hide show
  1. checksums.yaml +7 -0
  2. data/CHANGELOG.md +1086 -0
  3. data/MIT-LICENSE +22 -0
  4. data/README.rdoc +219 -0
  5. data/examples/performance.rb +185 -0
  6. data/examples/simple.rb +15 -0
  7. data/lib/active_record.rb +195 -0
  8. data/lib/active_record/aggregations.rb +285 -0
  9. data/lib/active_record/association_relation.rb +49 -0
  10. data/lib/active_record/associations.rb +1865 -0
  11. data/lib/active_record/associations/alias_tracker.rb +81 -0
  12. data/lib/active_record/associations/association.rb +340 -0
  13. data/lib/active_record/associations/association_scope.rb +166 -0
  14. data/lib/active_record/associations/belongs_to_association.rb +124 -0
  15. data/lib/active_record/associations/belongs_to_polymorphic_association.rb +36 -0
  16. data/lib/active_record/associations/builder/association.rb +136 -0
  17. data/lib/active_record/associations/builder/belongs_to.rb +130 -0
  18. data/lib/active_record/associations/builder/collection_association.rb +72 -0
  19. data/lib/active_record/associations/builder/has_and_belongs_to_many.rb +114 -0
  20. data/lib/active_record/associations/builder/has_many.rb +19 -0
  21. data/lib/active_record/associations/builder/has_one.rb +64 -0
  22. data/lib/active_record/associations/builder/singular_association.rb +44 -0
  23. data/lib/active_record/associations/collection_association.rb +498 -0
  24. data/lib/active_record/associations/collection_proxy.rb +1128 -0
  25. data/lib/active_record/associations/foreign_association.rb +20 -0
  26. data/lib/active_record/associations/has_many_association.rb +136 -0
  27. data/lib/active_record/associations/has_many_through_association.rb +220 -0
  28. data/lib/active_record/associations/has_one_association.rb +118 -0
  29. data/lib/active_record/associations/has_one_through_association.rb +45 -0
  30. data/lib/active_record/associations/join_dependency.rb +262 -0
  31. data/lib/active_record/associations/join_dependency/join_association.rb +80 -0
  32. data/lib/active_record/associations/join_dependency/join_base.rb +23 -0
  33. data/lib/active_record/associations/join_dependency/join_part.rb +71 -0
  34. data/lib/active_record/associations/preloader.rb +201 -0
  35. data/lib/active_record/associations/preloader/association.rb +133 -0
  36. data/lib/active_record/associations/preloader/through_association.rb +116 -0
  37. data/lib/active_record/associations/singular_association.rb +59 -0
  38. data/lib/active_record/associations/through_association.rb +121 -0
  39. data/lib/active_record/attribute_assignment.rb +85 -0
  40. data/lib/active_record/attribute_decorators.rb +90 -0
  41. data/lib/active_record/attribute_methods.rb +420 -0
  42. data/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/before_type_cast.rb +81 -0
  43. data/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/dirty.rb +221 -0
  44. data/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/primary_key.rb +136 -0
  45. data/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/query.rb +41 -0
  46. data/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/read.rb +47 -0
  47. data/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/serialization.rb +90 -0
  48. data/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/time_zone_conversion.rb +91 -0
  49. data/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/write.rb +61 -0
  50. data/lib/active_record/attributes.rb +279 -0
  51. data/lib/active_record/autosave_association.rb +512 -0
  52. data/lib/active_record/base.rb +328 -0
  53. data/lib/active_record/callbacks.rb +339 -0
  54. data/lib/active_record/coders/json.rb +15 -0
  55. data/lib/active_record/coders/yaml_column.rb +50 -0
  56. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb +1175 -0
  57. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_limits.rb +85 -0
  58. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb +516 -0
  59. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/query_cache.rb +155 -0
  60. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/quoting.rb +251 -0
  61. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/savepoints.rb +23 -0
  62. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_creation.rb +153 -0
  63. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_definitions.rb +713 -0
  64. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_dumper.rb +93 -0
  65. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb +1475 -0
  66. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/transaction.rb +323 -0
  67. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb +772 -0
  68. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_mysql_adapter.rb +830 -0
  69. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/column.rb +95 -0
  70. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/connection_specification.rb +297 -0
  71. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/determine_if_preparable_visitor.rb +29 -0
  72. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/mysql/column.rb +27 -0
  73. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/mysql/database_statements.rb +202 -0
  74. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/mysql/explain_pretty_printer.rb +72 -0
  75. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/mysql/quoting.rb +81 -0
  76. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/mysql/schema_creation.rb +72 -0
  77. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/mysql/schema_definitions.rb +95 -0
  78. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/mysql/schema_dumper.rb +88 -0
  79. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/mysql/schema_statements.rb +264 -0
  80. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/mysql/type_metadata.rb +31 -0
  81. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/mysql2_adapter.rb +146 -0
  82. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/column.rb +30 -0
  83. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/database_statements.rb +184 -0
  84. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/explain_pretty_printer.rb +44 -0
  85. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/oid.rb +34 -0
  86. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/oid/array.rb +92 -0
  87. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/oid/bit.rb +53 -0
  88. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/oid/bit_varying.rb +15 -0
  89. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/oid/bytea.rb +17 -0
  90. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/oid/cidr.rb +50 -0
  91. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/oid/date.rb +23 -0
  92. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/oid/date_time.rb +23 -0
  93. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/oid/decimal.rb +15 -0
  94. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/oid/enum.rb +21 -0
  95. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/oid/hstore.rb +71 -0
  96. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/oid/inet.rb +15 -0
  97. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/oid/jsonb.rb +15 -0
  98. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/oid/legacy_point.rb +45 -0
  99. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/oid/money.rb +41 -0
  100. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/oid/oid.rb +15 -0
  101. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/oid/point.rb +65 -0
  102. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/oid/range.rb +97 -0
  103. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/oid/specialized_string.rb +18 -0
  104. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/oid/type_map_initializer.rb +113 -0
  105. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/oid/uuid.rb +26 -0
  106. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/oid/vector.rb +28 -0
  107. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/oid/xml.rb +30 -0
  108. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/quoting.rb +205 -0
  109. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/referential_integrity.rb +43 -0
  110. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_creation.rb +76 -0
  111. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_definitions.rb +222 -0
  112. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_dumper.rb +50 -0
  113. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb +776 -0
  114. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/type_metadata.rb +36 -0
  115. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/utils.rb +81 -0
  116. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb +953 -0
  117. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/schema_cache.rb +141 -0
  118. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sql_type_metadata.rb +37 -0
  119. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/database_statements.rb +120 -0
  120. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/explain_pretty_printer.rb +21 -0
  121. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/quoting.rb +103 -0
  122. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/schema_creation.rb +17 -0
  123. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/schema_definitions.rb +19 -0
  124. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/schema_dumper.rb +18 -0
  125. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/schema_statements.rb +137 -0
  126. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3_adapter.rb +561 -0
  127. data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/statement_pool.rb +61 -0
  128. data/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb +274 -0
  129. data/lib/active_record/core.rb +603 -0
  130. data/lib/active_record/counter_cache.rb +193 -0
  131. data/lib/active_record/database_configurations.rb +233 -0
  132. data/lib/active_record/database_configurations/database_config.rb +37 -0
  133. data/lib/active_record/database_configurations/hash_config.rb +50 -0
  134. data/lib/active_record/database_configurations/url_config.rb +79 -0
  135. data/lib/active_record/define_callbacks.rb +22 -0
  136. data/lib/active_record/dynamic_matchers.rb +122 -0
  137. data/lib/active_record/enum.rb +274 -0
  138. data/lib/active_record/errors.rb +388 -0
  139. data/lib/active_record/explain.rb +50 -0
  140. data/lib/active_record/explain_registry.rb +32 -0
  141. data/lib/active_record/explain_subscriber.rb +34 -0
  142. data/lib/active_record/fixture_set/file.rb +82 -0
  143. data/lib/active_record/fixture_set/model_metadata.rb +33 -0
  144. data/lib/active_record/fixture_set/render_context.rb +17 -0
  145. data/lib/active_record/fixture_set/table_row.rb +153 -0
  146. data/lib/active_record/fixture_set/table_rows.rb +47 -0
  147. data/lib/active_record/fixtures.rb +738 -0
  148. data/lib/active_record/gem_version.rb +17 -0
  149. data/lib/active_record/inheritance.rb +293 -0
  150. data/lib/active_record/insert_all.rb +179 -0
  151. data/lib/active_record/integration.rb +207 -0
  152. data/lib/active_record/internal_metadata.rb +53 -0
  153. data/lib/active_record/legacy_yaml_adapter.rb +48 -0
  154. data/lib/active_record/locale/en.yml +48 -0
  155. data/lib/active_record/locking/optimistic.rb +197 -0
  156. data/lib/active_record/locking/pessimistic.rb +89 -0
  157. data/lib/active_record/log_subscriber.rb +118 -0
  158. data/lib/active_record/middleware/database_selector.rb +75 -0
  159. data/lib/active_record/middleware/database_selector/resolver.rb +88 -0
  160. data/lib/active_record/middleware/database_selector/resolver/session.rb +45 -0
  161. data/lib/active_record/migration.rb +1397 -0
  162. data/lib/active_record/migration/command_recorder.rb +284 -0
  163. data/lib/active_record/migration/compatibility.rb +244 -0
  164. data/lib/active_record/migration/join_table.rb +17 -0
  165. data/lib/active_record/model_schema.rb +545 -0
  166. data/lib/active_record/nested_attributes.rb +600 -0
  167. data/lib/active_record/no_touching.rb +65 -0
  168. data/lib/active_record/null_relation.rb +68 -0
  169. data/lib/active_record/persistence.rb +967 -0
  170. data/lib/active_record/query_cache.rb +52 -0
  171. data/lib/active_record/querying.rb +82 -0
  172. data/lib/active_record/railtie.rb +263 -0
  173. data/lib/active_record/railties/collection_cache_association_loading.rb +34 -0
  174. data/lib/active_record/railties/console_sandbox.rb +7 -0
  175. data/lib/active_record/railties/controller_runtime.rb +51 -0
  176. data/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake +527 -0
  177. data/lib/active_record/readonly_attributes.rb +24 -0
  178. data/lib/active_record/reflection.rb +1042 -0
  179. data/lib/active_record/relation.rb +860 -0
  180. data/lib/active_record/relation/batches.rb +290 -0
  181. data/lib/active_record/relation/batches/batch_enumerator.rb +69 -0
  182. data/lib/active_record/relation/calculations.rb +424 -0
  183. data/lib/active_record/relation/delegation.rb +130 -0
  184. data/lib/active_record/relation/finder_methods.rb +561 -0
  185. data/lib/active_record/relation/from_clause.rb +26 -0
  186. data/lib/active_record/relation/merger.rb +184 -0
  187. data/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder.rb +150 -0
  188. data/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder/array_handler.rb +49 -0
  189. data/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder/association_query_value.rb +43 -0
  190. data/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder/base_handler.rb +18 -0
  191. data/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder/basic_object_handler.rb +19 -0
  192. data/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder/polymorphic_array_value.rb +53 -0
  193. data/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder/range_handler.rb +22 -0
  194. data/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder/relation_handler.rb +19 -0
  195. data/lib/active_record/relation/query_attribute.rb +50 -0
  196. data/lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb +1371 -0
  197. data/lib/active_record/relation/record_fetch_warning.rb +51 -0
  198. data/lib/active_record/relation/spawn_methods.rb +77 -0
  199. data/lib/active_record/relation/where_clause.rb +190 -0
  200. data/lib/active_record/relation/where_clause_factory.rb +33 -0
  201. data/lib/active_record/result.rb +168 -0
  202. data/lib/active_record/runtime_registry.rb +24 -0
  203. data/lib/active_record/sanitization.rb +214 -0
  204. data/lib/active_record/schema.rb +61 -0
  205. data/lib/active_record/schema_dumper.rb +270 -0
  206. data/lib/active_record/schema_migration.rb +60 -0
  207. data/lib/active_record/scoping.rb +106 -0
  208. data/lib/active_record/scoping/default.rb +151 -0
  209. data/lib/active_record/scoping/named.rb +217 -0
  210. data/lib/active_record/secure_token.rb +40 -0
  211. data/lib/active_record/serialization.rb +22 -0
  212. data/lib/active_record/statement_cache.rb +148 -0
  213. data/lib/active_record/store.rb +290 -0
  214. data/lib/active_record/suppressor.rb +61 -0
  215. data/lib/active_record/table_metadata.rb +75 -0
  216. data/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb +506 -0
  217. data/lib/active_record/tasks/mysql_database_tasks.rb +115 -0
  218. data/lib/active_record/tasks/postgresql_database_tasks.rb +141 -0
  219. data/lib/active_record/tasks/sqlite_database_tasks.rb +77 -0
  220. data/lib/active_record/test_databases.rb +23 -0
  221. data/lib/active_record/test_fixtures.rb +224 -0
  222. data/lib/active_record/timestamp.rb +167 -0
  223. data/lib/active_record/touch_later.rb +66 -0
  224. data/lib/active_record/transactions.rb +493 -0
  225. data/lib/active_record/translation.rb +24 -0
  226. data/lib/active_record/type.rb +78 -0
  227. data/lib/active_record/type/adapter_specific_registry.rb +129 -0
  228. data/lib/active_record/type/date.rb +9 -0
  229. data/lib/active_record/type/date_time.rb +9 -0
  230. data/lib/active_record/type/decimal_without_scale.rb +15 -0
  231. data/lib/active_record/type/hash_lookup_type_map.rb +25 -0
  232. data/lib/active_record/type/internal/timezone.rb +17 -0
  233. data/lib/active_record/type/json.rb +30 -0
  234. data/lib/active_record/type/serialized.rb +71 -0
  235. data/lib/active_record/type/text.rb +11 -0
  236. data/lib/active_record/type/time.rb +21 -0
  237. data/lib/active_record/type/type_map.rb +62 -0
  238. data/lib/active_record/type/unsigned_integer.rb +17 -0
  239. data/lib/active_record/type_caster.rb +9 -0
  240. data/lib/active_record/type_caster/connection.rb +34 -0
  241. data/lib/active_record/type_caster/map.rb +20 -0
  242. data/lib/active_record/validations.rb +94 -0
  243. data/lib/active_record/validations/absence.rb +25 -0
  244. data/lib/active_record/validations/associated.rb +60 -0
  245. data/lib/active_record/validations/length.rb +26 -0
  246. data/lib/active_record/validations/presence.rb +68 -0
  247. data/lib/active_record/validations/uniqueness.rb +226 -0
  248. data/lib/active_record/version.rb +10 -0
  249. data/lib/arel.rb +58 -0
  250. data/lib/arel/alias_predication.rb +9 -0
  251. data/lib/arel/attributes.rb +22 -0
  252. data/lib/arel/attributes/attribute.rb +37 -0
  253. data/lib/arel/collectors/bind.rb +24 -0
  254. data/lib/arel/collectors/composite.rb +31 -0
  255. data/lib/arel/collectors/plain_string.rb +20 -0
  256. data/lib/arel/collectors/sql_string.rb +20 -0
  257. data/lib/arel/collectors/substitute_binds.rb +28 -0
  258. data/lib/arel/crud.rb +42 -0
  259. data/lib/arel/delete_manager.rb +18 -0
  260. data/lib/arel/errors.rb +9 -0
  261. data/lib/arel/expressions.rb +29 -0
  262. data/lib/arel/factory_methods.rb +49 -0
  263. data/lib/arel/insert_manager.rb +49 -0
  264. data/lib/arel/math.rb +45 -0
  265. data/lib/arel/nodes.rb +68 -0
  266. data/lib/arel/nodes/and.rb +32 -0
  267. data/lib/arel/nodes/ascending.rb +23 -0
  268. data/lib/arel/nodes/binary.rb +52 -0
  269. data/lib/arel/nodes/bind_param.rb +36 -0
  270. data/lib/arel/nodes/case.rb +55 -0
  271. data/lib/arel/nodes/casted.rb +50 -0
  272. data/lib/arel/nodes/comment.rb +29 -0
  273. data/lib/arel/nodes/count.rb +12 -0
  274. data/lib/arel/nodes/delete_statement.rb +45 -0
  275. data/lib/arel/nodes/descending.rb +23 -0
  276. data/lib/arel/nodes/equality.rb +18 -0
  277. data/lib/arel/nodes/extract.rb +24 -0
  278. data/lib/arel/nodes/false.rb +16 -0
  279. data/lib/arel/nodes/full_outer_join.rb +8 -0
  280. data/lib/arel/nodes/function.rb +44 -0
  281. data/lib/arel/nodes/grouping.rb +8 -0
  282. data/lib/arel/nodes/in.rb +8 -0
  283. data/lib/arel/nodes/infix_operation.rb +80 -0
  284. data/lib/arel/nodes/inner_join.rb +8 -0
  285. data/lib/arel/nodes/insert_statement.rb +37 -0
  286. data/lib/arel/nodes/join_source.rb +20 -0
  287. data/lib/arel/nodes/matches.rb +18 -0
  288. data/lib/arel/nodes/named_function.rb +23 -0
  289. data/lib/arel/nodes/node.rb +50 -0
  290. data/lib/arel/nodes/node_expression.rb +13 -0
  291. data/lib/arel/nodes/outer_join.rb +8 -0
  292. data/lib/arel/nodes/over.rb +15 -0
  293. data/lib/arel/nodes/regexp.rb +16 -0
  294. data/lib/arel/nodes/right_outer_join.rb +8 -0
  295. data/lib/arel/nodes/select_core.rb +67 -0
  296. data/lib/arel/nodes/select_statement.rb +41 -0
  297. data/lib/arel/nodes/sql_literal.rb +16 -0
  298. data/lib/arel/nodes/string_join.rb +11 -0
  299. data/lib/arel/nodes/table_alias.rb +27 -0
  300. data/lib/arel/nodes/terminal.rb +16 -0
  301. data/lib/arel/nodes/true.rb +16 -0
  302. data/lib/arel/nodes/unary.rb +45 -0
  303. data/lib/arel/nodes/unary_operation.rb +20 -0
  304. data/lib/arel/nodes/unqualified_column.rb +22 -0
  305. data/lib/arel/nodes/update_statement.rb +41 -0
  306. data/lib/arel/nodes/values_list.rb +9 -0
  307. data/lib/arel/nodes/window.rb +126 -0
  308. data/lib/arel/nodes/with.rb +11 -0
  309. data/lib/arel/order_predications.rb +13 -0
  310. data/lib/arel/predications.rb +257 -0
  311. data/lib/arel/select_manager.rb +271 -0
  312. data/lib/arel/table.rb +110 -0
  313. data/lib/arel/tree_manager.rb +72 -0
  314. data/lib/arel/update_manager.rb +34 -0
  315. data/lib/arel/visitors.rb +20 -0
  316. data/lib/arel/visitors/depth_first.rb +204 -0
  317. data/lib/arel/visitors/dot.rb +297 -0
  318. data/lib/arel/visitors/ibm_db.rb +34 -0
  319. data/lib/arel/visitors/informix.rb +62 -0
  320. data/lib/arel/visitors/mssql.rb +157 -0
  321. data/lib/arel/visitors/mysql.rb +83 -0
  322. data/lib/arel/visitors/oracle.rb +159 -0
  323. data/lib/arel/visitors/oracle12.rb +66 -0
  324. data/lib/arel/visitors/postgresql.rb +110 -0
  325. data/lib/arel/visitors/sqlite.rb +39 -0
  326. data/lib/arel/visitors/to_sql.rb +889 -0
  327. data/lib/arel/visitors/visitor.rb +46 -0
  328. data/lib/arel/visitors/where_sql.rb +23 -0
  329. data/lib/arel/window_predications.rb +9 -0
  330. data/lib/rails/generators/active_record.rb +19 -0
  331. data/lib/rails/generators/active_record/application_record/application_record_generator.rb +27 -0
  332. data/lib/rails/generators/active_record/application_record/templates/application_record.rb.tt +5 -0
  333. data/lib/rails/generators/active_record/migration.rb +48 -0
  334. data/lib/rails/generators/active_record/migration/migration_generator.rb +75 -0
  335. data/lib/rails/generators/active_record/migration/templates/create_table_migration.rb.tt +24 -0
  336. data/lib/rails/generators/active_record/migration/templates/migration.rb.tt +48 -0
  337. data/lib/rails/generators/active_record/model/model_generator.rb +49 -0
  338. data/lib/rails/generators/active_record/model/templates/model.rb.tt +22 -0
  339. data/lib/rails/generators/active_record/model/templates/module.rb.tt +7 -0
  340. metadata +418 -0
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
1
+ # frozen_string_literal: true
2
+
3
+ require "concurrent/map"
4
+
5
+ module ActiveRecord
6
+ module Type
7
+ class TypeMap # :nodoc:
8
+ def initialize
9
+ @mapping = {}
10
+ @cache = Concurrent::Map.new do |h, key|
11
+ h.fetch_or_store(key, Concurrent::Map.new)
12
+ end
13
+ end
14
+
15
+ def lookup(lookup_key, *args)
16
+ fetch(lookup_key, *args) { Type.default_value }
17
+ end
18
+
19
+ def fetch(lookup_key, *args, &block)
20
+ @cache[lookup_key].fetch_or_store(args) do
21
+ perform_fetch(lookup_key, *args, &block)
22
+ end
23
+ end
24
+
25
+ def register_type(key, value = nil, &block)
26
+ raise ::ArgumentError unless value || block
27
+ @cache.clear
28
+
29
+ if block
30
+ @mapping[key] = block
31
+ else
32
+ @mapping[key] = proc { value }
33
+ end
34
+ end
35
+
36
+ def alias_type(key, target_key)
37
+ register_type(key) do |sql_type, *args|
38
+ metadata = sql_type[/\(.*\)/, 0]
39
+ lookup("#{target_key}#{metadata}", *args)
40
+ end
41
+ end
42
+
43
+ def clear
44
+ @mapping.clear
45
+ end
46
+
47
+ private
48
+
49
+ def perform_fetch(lookup_key, *args)
50
+ matching_pair = @mapping.reverse_each.detect do |key, _|
51
+ key === lookup_key
52
+ end
53
+
54
+ if matching_pair
55
+ matching_pair.last.call(lookup_key, *args)
56
+ else
57
+ yield lookup_key, *args
58
+ end
59
+ end
60
+ end
61
+ end
62
+ end
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
1
+ # frozen_string_literal: true
2
+
3
+ module ActiveRecord
4
+ module Type
5
+ class UnsignedInteger < ActiveModel::Type::Integer # :nodoc:
6
+ private
7
+
8
+ def max_value
9
+ super * 2
10
+ end
11
+
12
+ def min_value
13
+ 0
14
+ end
15
+ end
16
+ end
17
+ end
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
1
+ # frozen_string_literal: true
2
+
3
+ require "active_record/type_caster/map"
4
+ require "active_record/type_caster/connection"
5
+
6
+ module ActiveRecord
7
+ module TypeCaster # :nodoc:
8
+ end
9
+ end
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
1
+ # frozen_string_literal: true
2
+
3
+ module ActiveRecord
4
+ module TypeCaster
5
+ class Connection # :nodoc:
6
+ def initialize(klass, table_name)
7
+ @klass = klass
8
+ @table_name = table_name
9
+ end
10
+
11
+ def type_cast_for_database(attr_name, value)
12
+ return value if value.is_a?(Arel::Nodes::BindParam)
13
+ type = type_for_attribute(attr_name)
14
+ type.serialize(value)
15
+ end
16
+
17
+ def type_for_attribute(attr_name)
18
+ schema_cache = connection.schema_cache
19
+
20
+ if schema_cache.data_source_exists?(table_name)
21
+ column = schema_cache.columns_hash(table_name)[attr_name.to_s]
22
+ type = connection.lookup_cast_type_from_column(column) if column
23
+ end
24
+
25
+ type || Type.default_value
26
+ end
27
+
28
+ delegate :connection, to: :@klass, private: true
29
+
30
+ private
31
+ attr_reader :table_name
32
+ end
33
+ end
34
+ end
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
1
+ # frozen_string_literal: true
2
+
3
+ module ActiveRecord
4
+ module TypeCaster
5
+ class Map # :nodoc:
6
+ def initialize(types)
7
+ @types = types
8
+ end
9
+
10
+ def type_cast_for_database(attr_name, value)
11
+ return value if value.is_a?(Arel::Nodes::BindParam)
12
+ type = types.type_for_attribute(attr_name)
13
+ type.serialize(value)
14
+ end
15
+
16
+ private
17
+ attr_reader :types
18
+ end
19
+ end
20
+ end
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
1
+ # frozen_string_literal: true
2
+
3
+ module ActiveRecord
4
+ # = Active Record \RecordInvalid
5
+ #
6
+ # Raised by {ActiveRecord::Base#save!}[rdoc-ref:Persistence#save!] and
7
+ # {ActiveRecord::Base#create!}[rdoc-ref:Persistence::ClassMethods#create!] when the record is invalid.
8
+ # Use the #record method to retrieve the record which did not validate.
9
+ #
10
+ # begin
11
+ # complex_operation_that_internally_calls_save!
12
+ # rescue ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid => invalid
13
+ # puts invalid.record.errors
14
+ # end
15
+ class RecordInvalid < ActiveRecordError
16
+ attr_reader :record
17
+
18
+ def initialize(record = nil)
19
+ if record
20
+ @record = record
21
+ errors = @record.errors.full_messages.join(", ")
22
+ message = I18n.t(:"#{@record.class.i18n_scope}.errors.messages.record_invalid", errors: errors, default: :"errors.messages.record_invalid")
23
+ else
24
+ message = "Record invalid"
25
+ end
26
+
27
+ super(message)
28
+ end
29
+ end
30
+
31
+ # = Active Record \Validations
32
+ #
33
+ # Active Record includes the majority of its validations from ActiveModel::Validations
34
+ # all of which accept the <tt>:on</tt> argument to define the context where the
35
+ # validations are active. Active Record will always supply either the context of
36
+ # <tt>:create</tt> or <tt>:update</tt> dependent on whether the model is a
37
+ # {new_record?}[rdoc-ref:Persistence#new_record?].
38
+ module Validations
39
+ extend ActiveSupport::Concern
40
+ include ActiveModel::Validations
41
+
42
+ # The validation process on save can be skipped by passing <tt>validate: false</tt>.
43
+ # The validation context can be changed by passing <tt>context: context</tt>.
44
+ # The regular {ActiveRecord::Base#save}[rdoc-ref:Persistence#save] method is replaced
45
+ # with this when the validations module is mixed in, which it is by default.
46
+ def save(options = {})
47
+ perform_validations(options) ? super : false
48
+ end
49
+
50
+ # Attempts to save the record just like {ActiveRecord::Base#save}[rdoc-ref:Base#save] but
51
+ # will raise an ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid exception instead of returning +false+ if the record is not valid.
52
+ def save!(options = {})
53
+ perform_validations(options) ? super : raise_validation_error
54
+ end
55
+
56
+ # Runs all the validations within the specified context. Returns +true+ if
57
+ # no errors are found, +false+ otherwise.
58
+ #
59
+ # Aliased as #validate.
60
+ #
61
+ # If the argument is +false+ (default is +nil+), the context is set to <tt>:create</tt> if
62
+ # {new_record?}[rdoc-ref:Persistence#new_record?] is +true+, and to <tt>:update</tt> if it is not.
63
+ #
64
+ # \Validations with no <tt>:on</tt> option will run no matter the context. \Validations with
65
+ # some <tt>:on</tt> option will only run in the specified context.
66
+ def valid?(context = nil)
67
+ context ||= default_validation_context
68
+ output = super(context)
69
+ errors.empty? && output
70
+ end
71
+
72
+ alias_method :validate, :valid?
73
+
74
+ private
75
+
76
+ def default_validation_context
77
+ new_record? ? :create : :update
78
+ end
79
+
80
+ def raise_validation_error
81
+ raise(RecordInvalid.new(self))
82
+ end
83
+
84
+ def perform_validations(options = {})
85
+ options[:validate] == false || valid?(options[:context])
86
+ end
87
+ end
88
+ end
89
+
90
+ require "active_record/validations/associated"
91
+ require "active_record/validations/uniqueness"
92
+ require "active_record/validations/presence"
93
+ require "active_record/validations/absence"
94
+ require "active_record/validations/length"
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
1
+ # frozen_string_literal: true
2
+
3
+ module ActiveRecord
4
+ module Validations
5
+ class AbsenceValidator < ActiveModel::Validations::AbsenceValidator # :nodoc:
6
+ def validate_each(record, attribute, association_or_value)
7
+ if record.class._reflect_on_association(attribute)
8
+ association_or_value = Array.wrap(association_or_value).reject(&:marked_for_destruction?)
9
+ end
10
+ super
11
+ end
12
+ end
13
+
14
+ module ClassMethods
15
+ # Validates that the specified attributes are not present (as defined by
16
+ # Object#present?). If the attribute is an association, the associated object
17
+ # is considered absent if it was marked for destruction.
18
+ #
19
+ # See ActiveModel::Validations::HelperMethods.validates_absence_of for more information.
20
+ def validates_absence_of(*attr_names)
21
+ validates_with AbsenceValidator, _merge_attributes(attr_names)
22
+ end
23
+ end
24
+ end
25
+ end
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
1
+ # frozen_string_literal: true
2
+
3
+ module ActiveRecord
4
+ module Validations
5
+ class AssociatedValidator < ActiveModel::EachValidator #:nodoc:
6
+ def validate_each(record, attribute, value)
7
+ if Array(value).reject { |r| valid_object?(r) }.any?
8
+ record.errors.add(attribute, :invalid, options.merge(value: value))
9
+ end
10
+ end
11
+
12
+ private
13
+
14
+ def valid_object?(record)
15
+ (record.respond_to?(:marked_for_destruction?) && record.marked_for_destruction?) || record.valid?
16
+ end
17
+ end
18
+
19
+ module ClassMethods
20
+ # Validates whether the associated object or objects are all valid.
21
+ # Works with any kind of association.
22
+ #
23
+ # class Book < ActiveRecord::Base
24
+ # has_many :pages
25
+ # belongs_to :library
26
+ #
27
+ # validates_associated :pages, :library
28
+ # end
29
+ #
30
+ # WARNING: This validation must not be used on both ends of an association.
31
+ # Doing so will lead to a circular dependency and cause infinite recursion.
32
+ #
33
+ # NOTE: This validation will not fail if the association hasn't been
34
+ # assigned. If you want to ensure that the association is both present and
35
+ # guaranteed to be valid, you also need to use
36
+ # {validates_presence_of}[rdoc-ref:Validations::ClassMethods#validates_presence_of].
37
+ #
38
+ # Configuration options:
39
+ #
40
+ # * <tt>:message</tt> - A custom error message (default is: "is invalid").
41
+ # * <tt>:on</tt> - Specifies the contexts where this validation is active.
42
+ # Runs in all validation contexts by default +nil+. You can pass a symbol
43
+ # or an array of symbols. (e.g. <tt>on: :create</tt> or
44
+ # <tt>on: :custom_validation_context</tt> or
45
+ # <tt>on: [:create, :custom_validation_context]</tt>)
46
+ # * <tt>:if</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to determine
47
+ # if the validation should occur (e.g. <tt>if: :allow_validation</tt>,
48
+ # or <tt>if: Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step > 2 }</tt>). The method,
49
+ # proc or string should return or evaluate to a +true+ or +false+ value.
50
+ # * <tt>:unless</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to
51
+ # determine if the validation should not occur (e.g. <tt>unless: :skip_validation</tt>,
52
+ # or <tt>unless: Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step <= 2 }</tt>). The
53
+ # method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a +true+ or +false+
54
+ # value.
55
+ def validates_associated(*attr_names)
56
+ validates_with AssociatedValidator, _merge_attributes(attr_names)
57
+ end
58
+ end
59
+ end
60
+ end
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
1
+ # frozen_string_literal: true
2
+
3
+ module ActiveRecord
4
+ module Validations
5
+ class LengthValidator < ActiveModel::Validations::LengthValidator # :nodoc:
6
+ def validate_each(record, attribute, association_or_value)
7
+ if association_or_value.respond_to?(:loaded?) && association_or_value.loaded?
8
+ association_or_value = association_or_value.target.reject(&:marked_for_destruction?)
9
+ end
10
+ super
11
+ end
12
+ end
13
+
14
+ module ClassMethods
15
+ # Validates that the specified attributes match the length restrictions supplied.
16
+ # If the attribute is an association, records that are marked for destruction are not counted.
17
+ #
18
+ # See ActiveModel::Validations::HelperMethods.validates_length_of for more information.
19
+ def validates_length_of(*attr_names)
20
+ validates_with LengthValidator, _merge_attributes(attr_names)
21
+ end
22
+
23
+ alias_method :validates_size_of, :validates_length_of
24
+ end
25
+ end
26
+ end
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
1
+ # frozen_string_literal: true
2
+
3
+ module ActiveRecord
4
+ module Validations
5
+ class PresenceValidator < ActiveModel::Validations::PresenceValidator # :nodoc:
6
+ def validate_each(record, attribute, association_or_value)
7
+ if record.class._reflect_on_association(attribute)
8
+ association_or_value = Array.wrap(association_or_value).reject(&:marked_for_destruction?)
9
+ end
10
+ super
11
+ end
12
+ end
13
+
14
+ module ClassMethods
15
+ # Validates that the specified attributes are not blank (as defined by
16
+ # Object#blank?), and, if the attribute is an association, that the
17
+ # associated object is not marked for destruction. Happens by default
18
+ # on save.
19
+ #
20
+ # class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
21
+ # has_one :face
22
+ # validates_presence_of :face
23
+ # end
24
+ #
25
+ # The face attribute must be in the object and it cannot be blank or marked
26
+ # for destruction.
27
+ #
28
+ # If you want to validate the presence of a boolean field (where the real values
29
+ # are true and false), you will want to use
30
+ # <tt>validates_inclusion_of :field_name, in: [true, false]</tt>.
31
+ #
32
+ # This is due to the way Object#blank? handles boolean values:
33
+ # <tt>false.blank? # => true</tt>.
34
+ #
35
+ # This validator defers to the Active Model validation for presence, adding the
36
+ # check to see that an associated object is not marked for destruction. This
37
+ # prevents the parent object from validating successfully and saving, which then
38
+ # deletes the associated object, thus putting the parent object into an invalid
39
+ # state.
40
+ #
41
+ # NOTE: This validation will not fail while using it with an association
42
+ # if the latter was assigned but not valid. If you want to ensure that
43
+ # it is both present and valid, you also need to use
44
+ # {validates_associated}[rdoc-ref:Validations::ClassMethods#validates_associated].
45
+ #
46
+ # Configuration options:
47
+ # * <tt>:message</tt> - A custom error message (default is: "can't be blank").
48
+ # * <tt>:on</tt> - Specifies the contexts where this validation is active.
49
+ # Runs in all validation contexts by default +nil+. You can pass a symbol
50
+ # or an array of symbols. (e.g. <tt>on: :create</tt> or
51
+ # <tt>on: :custom_validation_context</tt> or
52
+ # <tt>on: [:create, :custom_validation_context]</tt>)
53
+ # * <tt>:if</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to determine if
54
+ # the validation should occur (e.g. <tt>if: :allow_validation</tt>, or
55
+ # <tt>if: Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step > 2 }</tt>). The method, proc
56
+ # or string should return or evaluate to a +true+ or +false+ value.
57
+ # * <tt>:unless</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to determine
58
+ # if the validation should not occur (e.g. <tt>unless: :skip_validation</tt>,
59
+ # or <tt>unless: Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step <= 2 }</tt>). The method,
60
+ # proc or string should return or evaluate to a +true+ or +false+ value.
61
+ # * <tt>:strict</tt> - Specifies whether validation should be strict.
62
+ # See ActiveModel::Validations#validates! for more information.
63
+ def validates_presence_of(*attr_names)
64
+ validates_with PresenceValidator, _merge_attributes(attr_names)
65
+ end
66
+ end
67
+ end
68
+ end
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
1
+ # frozen_string_literal: true
2
+
3
+ module ActiveRecord
4
+ module Validations
5
+ class UniquenessValidator < ActiveModel::EachValidator # :nodoc:
6
+ def initialize(options)
7
+ if options[:conditions] && !options[:conditions].respond_to?(:call)
8
+ raise ArgumentError, "#{options[:conditions]} was passed as :conditions but is not callable. " \
9
+ "Pass a callable instead: `conditions: -> { where(approved: true) }`"
10
+ end
11
+ unless Array(options[:scope]).all? { |scope| scope.respond_to?(:to_sym) }
12
+ raise ArgumentError, "#{options[:scope]} is not supported format for :scope option. " \
13
+ "Pass a symbol or an array of symbols instead: `scope: :user_id`"
14
+ end
15
+ super
16
+ @klass = options[:class]
17
+ end
18
+
19
+ def validate_each(record, attribute, value)
20
+ finder_class = find_finder_class_for(record)
21
+ value = map_enum_attribute(finder_class, attribute, value)
22
+
23
+ relation = build_relation(finder_class, attribute, value)
24
+ if record.persisted?
25
+ if finder_class.primary_key
26
+ relation = relation.where.not(finder_class.primary_key => record.id_in_database)
27
+ else
28
+ raise UnknownPrimaryKey.new(finder_class, "Cannot validate uniqueness for persisted record without primary key.")
29
+ end
30
+ end
31
+ relation = scope_relation(record, relation)
32
+ relation = relation.merge(options[:conditions]) if options[:conditions]
33
+
34
+ if relation.exists?
35
+ error_options = options.except(:case_sensitive, :scope, :conditions)
36
+ error_options[:value] = value
37
+
38
+ record.errors.add(attribute, :taken, error_options)
39
+ end
40
+ end
41
+
42
+ private
43
+ # The check for an existing value should be run from a class that
44
+ # isn't abstract. This means working down from the current class
45
+ # (self), to the first non-abstract class. Since classes don't know
46
+ # their subclasses, we have to build the hierarchy between self and
47
+ # the record's class.
48
+ def find_finder_class_for(record)
49
+ class_hierarchy = [record.class]
50
+
51
+ while class_hierarchy.first != @klass
52
+ class_hierarchy.unshift(class_hierarchy.first.superclass)
53
+ end
54
+
55
+ class_hierarchy.detect { |klass| !klass.abstract_class? }
56
+ end
57
+
58
+ def build_relation(klass, attribute, value)
59
+ relation = klass.unscoped
60
+ comparison = relation.bind_attribute(attribute, value) do |attr, bind|
61
+ return relation.none! if bind.unboundable?
62
+
63
+ if !options.key?(:case_sensitive) || bind.nil?
64
+ klass.connection.default_uniqueness_comparison(attr, bind, klass)
65
+ elsif options[:case_sensitive]
66
+ klass.connection.case_sensitive_comparison(attr, bind)
67
+ else
68
+ # will use SQL LOWER function before comparison, unless it detects a case insensitive collation
69
+ klass.connection.case_insensitive_comparison(attr, bind)
70
+ end
71
+ end
72
+
73
+ relation.where!(comparison)
74
+ end
75
+
76
+ def scope_relation(record, relation)
77
+ Array(options[:scope]).each do |scope_item|
78
+ scope_value = if record.class._reflect_on_association(scope_item)
79
+ record.association(scope_item).reader
80
+ else
81
+ record._read_attribute(scope_item)
82
+ end
83
+ relation = relation.where(scope_item => scope_value)
84
+ end
85
+
86
+ relation
87
+ end
88
+
89
+ def map_enum_attribute(klass, attribute, value)
90
+ mapping = klass.defined_enums[attribute.to_s]
91
+ value = mapping[value] if value && mapping
92
+ value
93
+ end
94
+ end
95
+
96
+ module ClassMethods
97
+ # Validates whether the value of the specified attributes are unique
98
+ # across the system. Useful for making sure that only one user
99
+ # can be named "davidhh".
100
+ #
101
+ # class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
102
+ # validates_uniqueness_of :user_name
103
+ # end
104
+ #
105
+ # It can also validate whether the value of the specified attributes are
106
+ # unique based on a <tt>:scope</tt> parameter:
107
+ #
108
+ # class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
109
+ # validates_uniqueness_of :user_name, scope: :account_id
110
+ # end
111
+ #
112
+ # Or even multiple scope parameters. For example, making sure that a
113
+ # teacher can only be on the schedule once per semester for a particular
114
+ # class.
115
+ #
116
+ # class TeacherSchedule < ActiveRecord::Base
117
+ # validates_uniqueness_of :teacher_id, scope: [:semester_id, :class_id]
118
+ # end
119
+ #
120
+ # It is also possible to limit the uniqueness constraint to a set of
121
+ # records matching certain conditions. In this example archived articles
122
+ # are not being taken into consideration when validating uniqueness
123
+ # of the title attribute:
124
+ #
125
+ # class Article < ActiveRecord::Base
126
+ # validates_uniqueness_of :title, conditions: -> { where.not(status: 'archived') }
127
+ # end
128
+ #
129
+ # When the record is created, a check is performed to make sure that no
130
+ # record exists in the database with the given value for the specified
131
+ # attribute (that maps to a column). When the record is updated,
132
+ # the same check is made but disregarding the record itself.
133
+ #
134
+ # Configuration options:
135
+ #
136
+ # * <tt>:message</tt> - Specifies a custom error message (default is:
137
+ # "has already been taken").
138
+ # * <tt>:scope</tt> - One or more columns by which to limit the scope of
139
+ # the uniqueness constraint.
140
+ # * <tt>:conditions</tt> - Specify the conditions to be included as a
141
+ # <tt>WHERE</tt> SQL fragment to limit the uniqueness constraint lookup
142
+ # (e.g. <tt>conditions: -> { where(status: 'active') }</tt>).
143
+ # * <tt>:case_sensitive</tt> - Looks for an exact match. Ignored by
144
+ # non-text columns (+true+ by default).
145
+ # * <tt>:allow_nil</tt> - If set to +true+, skips this validation if the
146
+ # attribute is +nil+ (default is +false+).
147
+ # * <tt>:allow_blank</tt> - If set to +true+, skips this validation if the
148
+ # attribute is blank (default is +false+).
149
+ # * <tt>:if</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to determine
150
+ # if the validation should occur (e.g. <tt>if: :allow_validation</tt>,
151
+ # or <tt>if: Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step > 2 }</tt>). The method,
152
+ # proc or string should return or evaluate to a +true+ or +false+ value.
153
+ # * <tt>:unless</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to
154
+ # determine if the validation should not occur (e.g. <tt>unless: :skip_validation</tt>,
155
+ # or <tt>unless: Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step <= 2 }</tt>). The
156
+ # method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a +true+ or +false+
157
+ # value.
158
+ #
159
+ # === Concurrency and integrity
160
+ #
161
+ # Using this validation method in conjunction with
162
+ # {ActiveRecord::Base#save}[rdoc-ref:Persistence#save]
163
+ # does not guarantee the absence of duplicate record insertions, because
164
+ # uniqueness checks on the application level are inherently prone to race
165
+ # conditions. For example, suppose that two users try to post a Comment at
166
+ # the same time, and a Comment's title must be unique. At the database-level,
167
+ # the actions performed by these users could be interleaved in the following manner:
168
+ #
169
+ # User 1 | User 2
170
+ # ------------------------------------+--------------------------------------
171
+ # # User 1 checks whether there's |
172
+ # # already a comment with the title |
173
+ # # 'My Post'. This is not the case. |
174
+ # SELECT * FROM comments |
175
+ # WHERE title = 'My Post' |
176
+ # |
177
+ # | # User 2 does the same thing and also
178
+ # | # infers that their title is unique.
179
+ # | SELECT * FROM comments
180
+ # | WHERE title = 'My Post'
181
+ # |
182
+ # # User 1 inserts their comment. |
183
+ # INSERT INTO comments |
184
+ # (title, content) VALUES |
185
+ # ('My Post', 'hi!') |
186
+ # |
187
+ # | # User 2 does the same thing.
188
+ # | INSERT INTO comments
189
+ # | (title, content) VALUES
190
+ # | ('My Post', 'hello!')
191
+ # |
192
+ # | # ^^^^^^
193
+ # | # Boom! We now have a duplicate
194
+ # | # title!
195
+ #
196
+ # The best way to work around this problem is to add a unique index to the database table using
197
+ # {connection.add_index}[rdoc-ref:ConnectionAdapters::SchemaStatements#add_index].
198
+ # In the rare case that a race condition occurs, the database will guarantee
199
+ # the field's uniqueness.
200
+ #
201
+ # When the database catches such a duplicate insertion,
202
+ # {ActiveRecord::Base#save}[rdoc-ref:Persistence#save] will raise an ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid
203
+ # exception. You can either choose to let this error propagate (which
204
+ # will result in the default Rails exception page being shown), or you
205
+ # can catch it and restart the transaction (e.g. by telling the user
206
+ # that the title already exists, and asking them to re-enter the title).
207
+ # This technique is also known as
208
+ # {optimistic concurrency control}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimistic_concurrency_control].
209
+ #
210
+ # The bundled ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters distinguish unique index
211
+ # constraint errors from other types of database errors by throwing an
212
+ # ActiveRecord::RecordNotUnique exception. For other adapters you will
213
+ # have to parse the (database-specific) exception message to detect such
214
+ # a case.
215
+ #
216
+ # The following bundled adapters throw the ActiveRecord::RecordNotUnique exception:
217
+ #
218
+ # * ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::Mysql2Adapter.
219
+ # * ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.
220
+ # * ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::PostgreSQLAdapter.
221
+ def validates_uniqueness_of(*attr_names)
222
+ validates_with UniquenessValidator, _merge_attributes(attr_names)
223
+ end
224
+ end
225
+ end
226
+ end