activerecord-sqlserver-adapter 2.3.24 → 3.0.0

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlserver/schema_statements.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,373 @@
+module ActiveRecord
+  module ConnectionAdapters
+    module Sqlserver
+      module SchemaStatements
+        
+        def native_database_types
+          {
+            :primary_key  => "int NOT NULL IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY",
+            :string       => { :name => native_string_database_type, :limit => 255  },
+            :text         => { :name => native_text_database_type },
+            :integer      => { :name => "int", :limit => 4 },
+            :float        => { :name => "float", :limit => 8 },
+            :decimal      => { :name => "decimal" },
+            :datetime     => { :name => "datetime" },
+            :timestamp    => { :name => "datetime" },
+            :time         => { :name => native_time_database_type },
+            :date         => { :name => native_date_database_type },
+            :binary       => { :name => native_binary_database_type },
+            :boolean      => { :name => "bit"},
+            # These are custom types that may move somewhere else for good schema_dumper.rb hacking to output them.
+            :char         => { :name => 'char' },
+            :varchar_max  => { :name => 'varchar(max)' },
+            :nchar        => { :name => "nchar" },
+            :nvarchar     => { :name => "nvarchar", :limit => 255 },
+            :nvarchar_max => { :name => "nvarchar(max)" },
+            :ntext        => { :name => "ntext" }
+          }
+        end
+
+        def tables(name = nil)
+          info_schema_query do
+            select_values "SELECT TABLE_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE TABLE_TYPE = 'BASE TABLE' AND TABLE_NAME <> 'dtproperties'"
+          end
+        end
+
+        def table_exists?(table_name)
+          unquoted_table_name = unqualify_table_name(table_name)
+          super || tables.include?(unquoted_table_name) || views.include?(unquoted_table_name)
+        end
+
+        def indexes(table_name, name = nil)
+          unquoted_table_name = unqualify_table_name(table_name)
+          select("EXEC sp_helpindex #{quote_table_name(unquoted_table_name)}",name).inject([]) do |indexes,index|
+            index = index.with_indifferent_access
+            if index[:index_description] =~ /primary key/
+              indexes
+            else
+              name    = index[:index_name]
+              unique  = index[:index_description] =~ /unique/
+              columns = index[:index_keys].split(',').map do |column|
+                column.strip!
+                column.gsub! '(-)', '' if column.ends_with?('(-)')
+                column
+              end
+              indexes << IndexDefinition.new(table_name, name, unique, columns)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        def columns(table_name, name = nil)
+          return [] if table_name.blank?
+          cache_key = unqualify_table_name(table_name)
+          @sqlserver_columns_cache[cache_key] ||= column_definitions(table_name).collect do |ci|
+            sqlserver_options = ci.except(:name,:default_value,:type,:null).merge(:database_year=>database_year)
+            SQLServerColumn.new ci[:name], ci[:default_value], ci[:type], ci[:null], sqlserver_options
+          end
+        end
+
+        def create_table(table_name, options = {})
+          super
+          remove_sqlserver_columns_cache_for(table_name)
+        end
+
+        def rename_table(table_name, new_name)
+          do_execute "EXEC sp_rename '#{table_name}', '#{new_name}'"
+        end
+
+        def drop_table(table_name, options = {})
+          super
+          remove_sqlserver_columns_cache_for(table_name)
+        end
+
+        def add_column(table_name, column_name, type, options = {})
+          super
+          remove_sqlserver_columns_cache_for(table_name)
+        end
+
+        def remove_column(table_name, *column_names)
+          raise ArgumentError.new("You must specify at least one column name.  Example: remove_column(:people, :first_name)") if column_names.empty?
+          column_names.flatten.each do |column_name|
+            remove_check_constraints(table_name, column_name)
+            remove_default_constraint(table_name, column_name)
+            remove_indexes(table_name, column_name)
+            do_execute "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} DROP COLUMN #{quote_column_name(column_name)}"
+          end
+          remove_sqlserver_columns_cache_for(table_name)
+        end
+
+        def change_column(table_name, column_name, type, options = {})
+          sql_commands = []
+          column_object = columns(table_name).detect { |c| c.name.to_s == column_name.to_s }
+          change_column_sql = "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} ALTER COLUMN #{quote_column_name(column_name)} #{type_to_sql(type, options[:limit], options[:precision], options[:scale])}"
+          change_column_sql << " NOT NULL" if options[:null] == false
+          sql_commands << change_column_sql
+          if options_include_default?(options) || (column_object && column_object.type != type.to_sym)
+           	remove_default_constraint(table_name,column_name)
+          end
+          if options_include_default?(options)
+            remove_sqlserver_columns_cache_for(table_name)
+            sql_commands << "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} ADD CONSTRAINT #{default_constraint_name(table_name,column_name)} DEFAULT #{quote(options[:default])} FOR #{quote_column_name(column_name)}"
+          end
+          sql_commands.each { |c| do_execute(c) }
+          remove_sqlserver_columns_cache_for(table_name)
+        end
+
+        def change_column_default(table_name, column_name, default)
+          remove_default_constraint(table_name, column_name)
+          do_execute "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} ADD CONSTRAINT #{default_constraint_name(table_name, column_name)} DEFAULT #{quote(default)} FOR #{quote_column_name(column_name)}"
+          remove_sqlserver_columns_cache_for(table_name)
+        end
+
+        def rename_column(table_name, column_name, new_column_name)
+          detect_column_for!(table_name,column_name)
+          do_execute "EXEC sp_rename '#{table_name}.#{column_name}', '#{new_column_name}', 'COLUMN'"
+          remove_sqlserver_columns_cache_for(table_name)
+        end
+        
+        def remove_index!(table_name, index_name)
+          do_execute "DROP INDEX #{quote_table_name(table_name)}.#{quote_column_name(index_name)}"
+        end
+
+        def type_to_sql(type, limit = nil, precision = nil, scale = nil)
+          type_limitable = ['string','integer','float','char','nchar','varchar','nvarchar'].include?(type.to_s)
+          limit = nil unless type_limitable
+          case type.to_s
+          when 'integer'
+            case limit
+              when 1..2       then  'smallint'
+              when 3..4, nil  then  'integer'
+              when 5..8       then  'bigint'
+              else raise(ActiveRecordError, "No integer type has byte size #{limit}. Use a numeric with precision 0 instead.")
+            end
+          else
+            super
+          end
+        end
+
+        def change_column_null(table_name, column_name, null, default = nil)
+          column = detect_column_for!(table_name,column_name)
+          unless null || default.nil?
+            do_execute("UPDATE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} SET #{quote_column_name(column_name)}=#{quote(default)} WHERE #{quote_column_name(column_name)} IS NULL")
+          end
+          sql = "ALTER TABLE #{table_name} ALTER COLUMN #{quote_column_name(column_name)} #{type_to_sql column.type, column.limit, column.precision, column.scale}"
+          sql << " NOT NULL" unless null
+          do_execute sql
+        end
+        
+        # === SQLServer Specific ======================================== #
+        
+        def views(name = nil)
+          @sqlserver_views_cache ||= 
+            info_schema_query { select_values("SELECT TABLE_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.VIEWS WHERE TABLE_NAME NOT IN ('sysconstraints','syssegments')") }
+        end
+        
+        
+        protected
+        
+        # === SQLServer Specific ======================================== #
+        
+        def column_definitions(table_name)
+          db_name = unqualify_db_name(table_name)
+          db_name_with_period = "#{db_name}." if db_name
+          table_name = unqualify_table_name(table_name)
+          sql = %{
+            SELECT
+            columns.TABLE_NAME as table_name,
+            columns.COLUMN_NAME as name,
+            columns.DATA_TYPE as type,
+            columns.COLUMN_DEFAULT as default_value,
+            columns.NUMERIC_SCALE as numeric_scale,
+            columns.NUMERIC_PRECISION as numeric_precision,
+            CASE
+              WHEN columns.DATA_TYPE IN ('nchar','nvarchar') THEN columns.CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH
+              ELSE COL_LENGTH(columns.TABLE_SCHEMA+'.'+columns.TABLE_NAME, columns.COLUMN_NAME)
+            END as length,
+            CASE
+              WHEN columns.IS_NULLABLE = 'YES' THEN 1
+              ELSE NULL
+            END as is_nullable,
+            CASE
+              WHEN COLUMNPROPERTY(OBJECT_ID(columns.TABLE_SCHEMA+'.'+columns.TABLE_NAME), columns.COLUMN_NAME, 'IsIdentity') = 0 THEN NULL
+              ELSE 1
+            END as is_identity
+            FROM #{db_name_with_period}INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS columns
+            WHERE columns.TABLE_NAME = '#{table_name}'
+            ORDER BY columns.ordinal_position
+          }.gsub(/[ \t\r\n]+/,' ')
+          results = info_schema_query { select(sql,nil) }
+          results.collect do |ci|
+            ci = ci.symbolize_keys
+            ci[:type] = case ci[:type]
+                         when /^bit|image|text|ntext|datetime$/
+                           ci[:type]
+                         when /^numeric|decimal$/i
+                           "#{ci[:type]}(#{ci[:numeric_precision]},#{ci[:numeric_scale]})"
+                         when /^char|nchar|varchar|nvarchar|varbinary|bigint|int|smallint$/
+                           ci[:length].to_i == -1 ? "#{ci[:type]}(max)" : "#{ci[:type]}(#{ci[:length]})"
+                         else
+                           ci[:type]
+                         end
+            if ci[:default_value].nil? && views.include?(table_name)
+              real_table_name = table_name_or_views_table_name(table_name)
+              real_column_name = views_real_column_name(table_name,ci[:name])
+              col_default_sql = "SELECT c.COLUMN_DEFAULT FROM #{db_name_with_period}INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS c WHERE c.TABLE_NAME = '#{real_table_name}' AND c.COLUMN_NAME = '#{real_column_name}'"
+              ci[:default_value] = info_schema_query { select_value(col_default_sql) }
+            end
+            ci[:default_value] = case ci[:default_value]
+                                 when nil, '(null)', '(NULL)'
+                                   nil
+                                 when /\A\((\w+\(\))\)\Z/
+                                   ci[:default_function] = $1
+                                   nil
+                                 else
+                                   match_data = ci[:default_value].match(/\A\(+N?'?(.*?)'?\)+\Z/m)
+                                   match_data ? match_data[1] : nil
+                                 end
+            ci[:null] = ci[:is_nullable].to_i == 1 ; ci.delete(:is_nullable)
+            ci
+          end
+        end
+        
+        def remove_check_constraints(table_name, column_name)
+          constraints = info_schema_query { select_values("SELECT CONSTRAINT_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE where TABLE_NAME = '#{quote_string(table_name)}' and COLUMN_NAME = '#{quote_string(column_name)}'") }
+          constraints.each do |constraint|
+            do_execute "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} DROP CONSTRAINT #{quote_column_name(constraint)}"
+          end
+        end
+
+        def remove_default_constraint(table_name, column_name)
+          select_all("EXEC sp_helpconstraint '#{quote_string(table_name)}','nomsg'").select do |row|
+            row['constraint_type'] == "DEFAULT on column #{column_name}"
+          end.each do |row|
+            do_execute "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} DROP CONSTRAINT #{row['constraint_name']}"
+          end
+        end
+
+        def remove_indexes(table_name, column_name)
+          indexes(table_name).select{ |index| index.columns.include?(column_name.to_s) }.each do |index|
+            remove_index(table_name, {:name => index.name})
+          end
+        end
+        
+        # === SQLServer Specific (Misc Helpers) ========================= #
+        
+        def info_schema_query
+          log_info_schema_queries ? yield : ActiveRecord::Base.silence{ yield }
+        end
+        
+        def unqualify_table_name(table_name)
+          table_name.to_s.split('.').last.tr('[]','')
+        end
+
+        def unqualify_db_name(table_name)
+          table_names = table_name.to_s.split('.')
+          table_names.length == 3 ? table_names.first.tr('[]','') : nil
+        end
+        
+        def get_table_name(sql)
+          if sql =~ /^\s*insert\s+into\s+([^\(\s]+)\s*|^\s*update\s+([^\(\s]+)\s*/i
+            $1 || $2
+          elsif sql =~ /from\s+([^\(\s]+)\s*/i
+            $1
+          else
+            nil
+          end
+        end
+        
+        def default_constraint_name(table_name, column_name)
+          "DF_#{table_name}_#{column_name}"
+        end
+        
+        def detect_column_for!(table_name, column_name)
+          unless column = columns(table_name).detect { |c| c.name == column_name.to_s }
+            raise ActiveRecordError, "No such column: #{table_name}.#{column_name}"
+          end
+          column
+        end
+        
+        # === SQLServer Specific (View Reflection) ====================== #
+        
+        def view_table_name(table_name)
+          view_info = view_information(table_name)
+          view_info ? get_table_name(view_info['VIEW_DEFINITION']) : table_name
+        end
+        
+        def view_information(table_name)
+          table_name = unqualify_table_name(table_name)
+          @sqlserver_view_information_cache[table_name] ||= begin
+            view_info = info_schema_query { select_one("SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.VIEWS WHERE TABLE_NAME = '#{table_name}'") }
+            if view_info
+              view_info = view_info.with_indifferent_access
+              if view_info[:VIEW_DEFINITION].blank? || view_info[:VIEW_DEFINITION].length == 4000
+                view_info[:VIEW_DEFINITION] = info_schema_query { select_values("EXEC sp_helptext #{table_name}").join }
+              end
+            end
+            view_info
+          end
+        end
+        
+        def table_name_or_views_table_name(table_name)
+          unquoted_table_name = unqualify_table_name(table_name)
+          views.include?(unquoted_table_name) ? view_table_name(unquoted_table_name) : unquoted_table_name
+        end
+        
+        def views_real_column_name(table_name,column_name)
+          view_definition = view_information(table_name)[:VIEW_DEFINITION]
+          match_data = view_definition.match(/([\w-]*)\s+as\s+#{column_name}/im)
+          match_data ? match_data[1] : column_name
+        end
+        
+        # === SQLServer Specific (Column/View Caches) =================== #
+        
+        def remove_sqlserver_columns_cache_for(table_name)
+          cache_key = unqualify_table_name(table_name)
+          @sqlserver_columns_cache[cache_key] = nil
+          initialize_sqlserver_caches(false)
+        end
+
+        def initialize_sqlserver_caches(reset_columns=true)
+          @sqlserver_columns_cache = {} if reset_columns
+          @sqlserver_views_cache = nil
+          @sqlserver_view_information_cache = {}
+        end
+        
+        # === SQLServer Specific (Identity Inserts) ===================== #
+
+        def query_requires_identity_insert?(sql)
+          if insert_sql?(sql)
+            table_name = get_table_name(sql)
+            id_column = identity_column(table_name)
+            id_column && sql =~ /^\s*INSERT[^(]+\([^)]*\b(#{id_column.name})\b,?[^)]*\)/i ? quote_table_name(table_name) : false
+          else
+            false
+          end
+        end
+        
+        def insert_sql?(sql)
+          !(sql =~ /^\s*INSERT/i).nil?
+        end
+        
+        def with_identity_insert_enabled(table_name)
+          table_name = quote_table_name(table_name_or_views_table_name(table_name))
+          set_identity_insert(table_name, true)
+          yield
+        ensure
+          set_identity_insert(table_name, false)
+        end
+
+        def set_identity_insert(table_name, enable = true)
+          sql = "SET IDENTITY_INSERT #{table_name} #{enable ? 'ON' : 'OFF'}"
+          do_execute(sql,'IDENTITY_INSERT')
+        rescue Exception => e
+          raise ActiveRecordError, "IDENTITY_INSERT could not be turned #{enable ? 'ON' : 'OFF'} for table #{table_name}"
+        end
+
+        def identity_column(table_name)
+          columns(table_name).detect(&:is_identity?)
+        end
+
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlserver_adapter.rb

@@ -1,6 +1,14 @@
 require 'active_record'
 require 'active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter'
-require 'active_record/connection_adapters/sqlserver_adapter/core_ext/active_record'
+require 'active_record/connection_adapters/sqlserver/core_ext/active_record'
+require 'active_record/connection_adapters/sqlserver/database_limits'
+require 'active_record/connection_adapters/sqlserver/database_statements'
+require 'active_record/connection_adapters/sqlserver/errors'
+require 'active_record/connection_adapters/sqlserver/query_cache'
+require 'active_record/connection_adapters/sqlserver/schema_statements'
+require 'active_record/connection_adapters/sqlserver/quoting'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/kernel/requires'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/string'
 require 'base64'
 
 module ActiveRecord
@@ -9,22 +17,25 @@ module ActiveRecord
     
     def self.sqlserver_connection(config) #:nodoc:
       config = config.dup.symbolize_keys!
-      config.reverse_merge! :mode => :dblib, :host => 'localhost', :username => 'sa', :password => ''
+      config.reverse_merge! :mode => :odbc, :host => 'localhost', :username => 'sa', :password => ''
       mode = config[:mode].to_s.downcase.underscore.to_sym
       case mode
-      when :dblib
-        require_library_or_gem 'tiny_tds'
-        warn("TinyTds v0.4.3 or higher required. Using #{TinyTds::VERSION}") unless TinyTds::Client.instance_methods.map(&:to_s).include?("active?")
       when :odbc
-        require_library_or_gem 'odbc' unless defined?(ODBC)
-        require 'active_record/connection_adapters/sqlserver_adapter/core_ext/odbc'
         raise ArgumentError, 'Missing :dsn configuration.' unless config.has_key?(:dsn)
+        if RUBY_VERSION < '1.9'
+          require_library_or_gem 'odbc'
+        else
+          begin
+            # TODO: [ODBC] Change this to 'odbc_utf8'
+            require_library_or_gem 'odbc'
+          rescue LoadError
+            require_library_or_gem 'odbc'
+          end
+        end unless ['::ODBC','::ODBC_UTF8','::ODBC_NONE'].any? { |odbc_ns| odbc_ns.constantize rescue nil }
+        require 'active_record/connection_adapters/sqlserver/core_ext/odbc'
       when :adonet
         require 'System.Data'
         raise ArgumentError, 'Missing :database configuration.' unless config.has_key?(:database)
-      when :ado
-        raise NotImplementedError, 'Please use version 2.3.1 of the adapter for ADO connections. Future versions support ADO.NET.'
-        raise ArgumentError, 'Missing :database configuration.' unless config.has_key?(:database)
       else
         raise ArgumentError, "Unknown connection mode in #{config.inspect}."
       end
@@ -54,26 +65,44 @@ module ActiveRecord
       
       class << self
         
+        def string_to_utf8_encoding(value)
+          value.force_encoding('UTF-8') rescue value
+        end
+        
         def string_to_binary(value)
+          value = value.dup.force_encoding(Encoding::BINARY) if value.respond_to?(:force_encoding)
          "0x#{value.unpack("H*")[0]}"
         end
         
         def binary_to_string(value)
+          value = value.dup.force_encoding(Encoding::BINARY) if value.respond_to?(:force_encoding)
           value =~ /[^[:xdigit:]]/ ? value : [value].pack('H*')
         end
         
       end
       
-      def is_identity?
-        @sqlserver_options[:is_identity]
+      def type_cast(value)
+        if value && type == :string && is_utf8?
+          self.class.string_to_utf8_encoding(value)
+        else
+          super
+        end
+      end
+      
+      def type_cast_code(var_name)
+        if type == :string && is_utf8?
+          "#{self.class.name}.string_to_utf8_encoding(#{var_name})"
+        else
+          super
+        end
       end
       
-      def is_special?
-        @sql_type =~ /^text|ntext|image$/
+      def is_identity?
+        @sqlserver_options[:is_identity]
       end
       
       def is_utf8?
-        @sql_type =~ /nvarchar|ntext|nchar/i
+        sql_type =~ /nvarchar|ntext|nchar/i
       end
       
       def default_function
@@ -124,7 +153,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
           when /uniqueidentifier/i  then :string
           when /datetime/i          then simplified_datetime
           when /varchar\(max\)/     then :text
-          when /timestamp/          then :binary
           else super
         end
       end
@@ -141,55 +169,38 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
       end
       
-    end #SQLServerColumn
+    end #class SQLServerColumn
     
-
     class SQLServerAdapter < AbstractAdapter
       
+      include Sqlserver::Quoting
+      include Sqlserver::DatabaseStatements
+      include Sqlserver::SchemaStatements
+      include Sqlserver::DatabaseLimits
+      include Sqlserver::QueryCache
+      include Sqlserver::Errors
+      
       ADAPTER_NAME                = 'SQLServer'.freeze
-      VERSION                     = '2.3.24'.freeze
+      VERSION                     = '3.0.0'.freeze
       DATABASE_VERSION_REGEXP     = /Microsoft SQL Server\s+(\d{4})/
-      SUPPORTED_VERSIONS          = [2000,2005,2008].freeze
-      LIMITABLE_TYPES             = ['string','integer','float','char','nchar','varchar','nvarchar'].to_set.freeze
-      QUOTED_TRUE, QUOTED_FALSE   = '1', '0'
-      LOST_CONNECTION_EXCEPTIONS  = {
-        :dblib  => ['TinyTds::Error'],
-        :odbc   => ['ODBC::Error'],
-        :adonet => ['TypeError','System::Data::SqlClient::SqlException']
-      }
-      LOST_CONNECTION_MESSAGES    = {
-        :dblib  => [/closed connection/, /dead or not enabled/, /server failed/i],
-        :odbc   => [/link failure/, /server failed/, /connection was already closed/, /invalid handle/i],
-        :adonet => [/current state is closed/, /network-related/]
-      }
+      SUPPORTED_VERSIONS          = [2005,2008].freeze
       
-      attr_reader    :database_version, :database_year,
-                     :connection_supports_native_types
       cattr_accessor :native_text_database_type, :native_binary_database_type, :native_string_database_type,
-                     :log_info_schema_queries, :enable_default_unicode_types, :auto_connect
-      
-      class << self
-        
-        def type_limitable?(type)
-          LIMITABLE_TYPES.include?(type.to_s)
-        end
-        
-      end
+                     :log_info_schema_queries, :enable_default_unicode_types, :auto_connect,
+                     :cs_equality_operator
       
       def initialize(logger,config)
         @connection_options = config
         connect
-        super(@connection, logger)
-        @database_version = info_schema_query { select_value('SELECT @@version') }
-        @database_year = DATABASE_VERSION_REGEXP.match(@database_version)[1].to_i rescue 0
+        super(raw_connection, logger)
         initialize_sqlserver_caches
         use_database
-        unless SUPPORTED_VERSIONS.include?(@database_year)
+        unless SUPPORTED_VERSIONS.include?(database_year)
           raise NotImplementedError, "Currently, only #{SUPPORTED_VERSIONS.to_sentence} are supported."
         end
       end
       
-      # ABSTRACT ADAPTER =========================================#
+      # === Abstract Adapter ========================================== #
       
       def adapter_name
         ADAPTER_NAME
@@ -199,116 +210,22 @@ module ActiveRecord
         true
       end
       
-      def supports_ddl_transactions?
+      def supports_primary_key?
         true
       end
       
-      def supports_savepoints?
+      def supports_count_distinct?
         true
       end
       
-      def sqlserver?
+      def supports_ddl_transactions?
         true
       end
       
-      def sqlserver_2000?
-        @database_year == 2000
-      end
-      
-      def sqlserver_2005?
-        @database_year == 2005
-      end
-      
-      def sqlserver_2008?
-        @database_year == 2008
-      end
-      
-      def version
-        self.class::VERSION
-      end
-      
-      def inspect
-        "#<#{self.class} version: #{version}, year: #{@database_year}, connection_options: #{@connection_options.inspect}>"
-      end
-      
-      def auto_connect
-        @@auto_connect.is_a?(FalseClass) ? false : true
-      end
-      
-      def native_string_database_type
-        @@native_string_database_type || (enable_default_unicode_types ? 'nvarchar' : 'varchar') 
-      end
-      
-      def native_text_database_type
-        @@native_text_database_type || 
-        if sqlserver_2005? || sqlserver_2008?
-          enable_default_unicode_types ? 'nvarchar(max)' : 'varchar(max)'
-        else
-          enable_default_unicode_types ? 'ntext' : 'text'
-        end
-      end
-      
-      def native_time_database_type
-        sqlserver_2008? ? 'time' : 'datetime'
-      end
-      
-      def native_date_database_type
-        sqlserver_2008? ? 'date' : 'datetime'
-      end
-      
-      def native_binary_database_type
-        @@native_binary_database_type || ((sqlserver_2005? || sqlserver_2008?) ? 'varbinary(max)' : 'image')
-      end
-      
-      
-      # QUOTING ==================================================#
-      
-      def quote(value, column = nil)
-        case value
-        when String, ActiveSupport::Multibyte::Chars
-          if column && column.type == :binary
-            column.class.string_to_binary(value)
-          elsif value.is_utf8? || (column && column.type == :string)
-            "N'#{quote_string(value)}'"
-          else
-            super
-          end
-        else
-          super
-        end
-      end
-      
-      def quote_string(string)
-        string.to_s.gsub(/\'/, "''")
-      end
-      
-      def quote_column_name(name)
-        @sqlserver_quoted_column_and_table_names[name] ||= 
-          name.to_s.split('.').map{ |n| n =~ /^\[.*\]$/ ? n : "[#{n.to_s.gsub(']', ']]')}]" }.join('.')
-      end
-      
-      def quote_table_name(name)
-        quote_column_name(name)
-      end
-      
-      def quoted_true
-        QUOTED_TRUE
-      end
-
-      def quoted_false
-        QUOTED_FALSE
-      end
-      
-      def quoted_date(value)
-        if value.acts_like?(:time) && value.respond_to?(:usec)
-          "#{super}.#{sprintf("%03d",value.usec/1000)}"
-        else
-          super
-        end
+      def supports_savepoints?
+        true
       end
       
-      # REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY ====================================#
-      
       def disable_referential_integrity
         do_execute "EXEC sp_MSforeachtable 'ALTER TABLE ? NOCHECK CONSTRAINT ALL'"
         yield
@@ -316,13 +233,9 @@ module ActiveRecord
         do_execute "EXEC sp_MSforeachtable 'ALTER TABLE ? CHECK CONSTRAINT ALL'"
       end
       
-      # CONNECTION MANAGEMENT ====================================#
+      # === Abstract Adapter (Connection Management) ================== #
       
       def active?
-        case @connection_options[:mode]
-        when :dblib
-          @connection.active?
-        end
         raw_connection_do("SELECT 1")
         true
       rescue *lost_connection_exceptions
@@ -336,521 +249,113 @@ module ActiveRecord
       end
 
       def disconnect!
-        case @connection_options[:mode]
-        when :dblib
-          @connection.close rescue nil
+        case connection_mode
         when :odbc
-          @connection.disconnect rescue nil
+          raw_connection.disconnect rescue nil
         else :adonet
-          @connection.close rescue nil
+          raw_connection.close rescue nil
         end
       end
       
-      # DATABASE STATEMENTS ======================================#
-      
-      def user_options
-        info_schema_query do
-          select_rows("dbcc useroptions").inject(HashWithIndifferentAccess.new) do |values,row| 
-            set_option = row[0].gsub(/\s+/,'_')
-            user_value = row[1]
-            values[set_option] = user_value
-            values
-          end
-        end
-      end
-      
-      VALID_ISOLATION_LEVELS = ["READ COMMITTED", "READ UNCOMMITTED", "REPEATABLE READ", "SERIALIZABLE", "SNAPSHOT"]
-      
-      def run_with_isolation_level(isolation_level)
-        raise ArgumentError, "Invalid isolation level, #{isolation_level}. Supported levels include #{VALID_ISOLATION_LEVELS.to_sentence}." if !VALID_ISOLATION_LEVELS.include?(isolation_level.upcase)
-        initial_isolation_level = user_options[:isolation_level] || "READ COMMITTED"
-        do_execute "SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL #{isolation_level}"
-        begin
-          yield 
-        ensure
-          do_execute "SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL #{initial_isolation_level}"
-        end if block_given?
-      end
-      
-      def select_one(sql, name = nil)
-        result = raw_select sql, name, :fetch => :one
-        (result && result.first.present?) ? result.first : nil
-      end
-      
-      def select_one_with_query_cache(*args)
-        if @query_cache_enabled
-          cache_sql(args.first) { select_one_without_query_cache(*args) }
-        else
-          select_one_without_query_cache(*args)
-        end
-      end
-      alias_method_chain :select_one, :query_cache
-      
-      def select_rows(sql, name = nil)
-        raw_select sql, name, :fetch => :rows
-      end
-      
-      def execute(sql, name = nil, skip_logging = false)
-        if id_insert_table_name = query_requires_identity_insert?(sql)
-          with_identity_insert_enabled(id_insert_table_name) { do_execute(sql,name) }
-        else
-          do_execute(sql,name)
-        end
-      end
-      
-      def execute_procedure(proc_name, *variables)
-        vars = variables.map{ |v| quote(v) }.join(', ')
-        sql = "EXEC #{proc_name} #{vars}".strip
-        name = 'Execute Procedure'
-        log(sql, name) do
-          case @connection_options[:mode]
-          when :dblib
-            result = @connection.execute(sql)
-            result.each(:as => :hash, :cache_rows => true) do |row|
-              r = row.with_indifferent_access
-              yield(r) if block_given?
-            end
-            result.each.map{ |row| row.is_a?(Hash) ? row.with_indifferent_access : row }
-          when :odbc
-            results = []
-            raw_connection_run(sql) do |handle|
-              get_rows = lambda {
-                rows = handle_to_names_and_values handle, :fetch => :all
-                rows.each_with_index { |r,i| rows[i] = r.with_indifferent_access }
-                results << rows
-              }
-              get_rows.call
-              while handle_more_results?(handle)
-                get_rows.call
-              end
-            end
-            results.many? ? results : results.first
-          when :adonet
-            results = []
-            results << select(sql, name).map { |r| r.with_indifferent_access }
-            results.many? ? results : results.first
-          end
-        end
-      end
-      
-      def use_database(database=nil)
-        database ||= @connection_options[:database]
-        do_execute "USE #{quote_table_name(database)}" unless database.blank?
-      end
-      
-      def outside_transaction?
-        info_schema_query { select_value("SELECT @@TRANCOUNT") == 0 }
+      def reset!
+        remove_database_connections_and_rollback { }
       end
       
-      def begin_db_transaction
-        do_execute "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
-      end
-
-      def commit_db_transaction
-        do_execute "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
-      end
-
-      def rollback_db_transaction
-        do_execute "IF @@TRANCOUNT > 0 ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
-      end
+      # === Abstract Adapter (Misc Support) =========================== #
       
-      def create_savepoint
-        do_execute "SAVE TRANSACTION #{current_savepoint_name}"
+      def pk_and_sequence_for(table_name)
+        idcol = identity_column(table_name)
+        idcol ? [idcol.name,nil] : nil
       end
 
-      def release_savepoint
-      end
-      
-      def rollback_to_savepoint
-        do_execute "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION #{current_savepoint_name}"
-      end
-      
-      def add_limit_offset!(sql, options)
-        # Validate and/or convert integers for :limit and :offets options.
-        if options[:offset]
-          raise ArgumentError, "offset should have a limit" unless options[:limit]
-          unless options[:offset].kind_of?(Integer)
-            if options[:offset] =~ /^\d+$/
-              options[:offset] = options[:offset].to_i
-            else
-              raise ArgumentError, "offset should be an integer"
-            end
-          end
-        end
-        if options[:limit] && !(options[:limit].kind_of?(Integer))
-          if options[:limit] =~ /^\d+$/
-            options[:limit] = options[:limit].to_i
-          else
-            raise ArgumentError, "limit should be an integer"
-          end
-        end
-        # The business of adding limit/offset
-        if options[:limit] and options[:offset]
-          tally_sql = "SELECT count(*) as TotalRows from (#{sql.sub(/\bSELECT(\s+DISTINCT)?\b/i, "SELECT#{$1} TOP 1000000000")}) tally"
-          add_lock! tally_sql, options
-          total_rows = select_value(tally_sql).to_i
-          if (options[:limit] + options[:offset]) >= total_rows
-            options[:limit] = (total_rows - options[:offset] >= 0) ? (total_rows - options[:offset]) : 0
-          end
-          # Make sure we do not need a special limit/offset for association limiting. http://gist.github.com/25118
-          add_limit_offset_for_association_limiting!(sql,options) and return if sql_for_association_limiting?(sql)
-          # Wrap the SQL query in a bunch of outer SQL queries that emulate proper LIMIT,OFFSET support.
-          sql.sub!(/^\s*SELECT(\s+DISTINCT)?/i, "SELECT * FROM (SELECT TOP #{options[:limit]} * FROM (SELECT#{$1} TOP #{options[:limit] + options[:offset]}")
-          sql << ") AS tmp1"
-          if options[:order]
-            order = options[:order].split(',').map do |field|
-              order_by_column, order_direction = field.split(" ")
-              order_by_column = quote_column_name(order_by_column)
-              # Investigate the SQL query to figure out if the order_by_column has been renamed.
-              if sql =~ /#{Regexp.escape(order_by_column)} AS (t\d+_r\d+)/
-                # Fx "[foo].[bar] AS t4_r2" was found in the SQL. Use the column alias (ie 't4_r2') for the subsequent orderings
-                order_by_column = $1
-              elsif order_by_column =~ /\w+\.\[?(\w+)\]?/
-                order_by_column = $1
-              else
-                # It doesn't appear that the column name has been renamed as part of the query. Use just the column
-                # name rather than the full identifier for the outer queries.
-                order_by_column = order_by_column.split('.').last
-              end
-              # Put the column name and eventual direction back together
-              [order_by_column, order_direction].join(' ').strip
-            end.join(', ')
-            sql << " ORDER BY #{change_order_direction(order)}) AS tmp2 ORDER BY #{order}"
-          else
-            sql << ") AS tmp2"
-          end
-        elsif options[:limit] && sql !~ /^\s*SELECT (@@|COUNT\()/i
-          if md = sql.match(/^(\s*SELECT)(\s+DISTINCT)?(.*)/im)
-            sql.replace "#{md[1]}#{md[2]} TOP #{options[:limit]}#{md[3]}"
-          else
-            # Account for building SQL fragments without SELECT yet. See #update_all and #limited_update_conditions.
-            sql.replace "TOP #{options[:limit]} #{sql}"
-          end
-        end
+      def primary_key(table_name)
+        identity_column(table_name).try(:name)
       end
       
-      def add_lock!(sql, options)
-        # http://blog.sqlauthority.com/2007/04/27/sql-server-2005-locking-hints-and-examples/
-        return unless options[:lock]
-        lock_type = options[:lock] == true ? 'WITH(HOLDLOCK, ROWLOCK)' : options[:lock]
-        sql.gsub! %r|LEFT OUTER JOIN\s+(.*?)\s+ON|im, "LEFT OUTER JOIN \\1 #{lock_type} ON"
-        sql.gsub! %r{FROM\s([\w\[\]\.]+)}im, "FROM \\1 #{lock_type}"
-      end
+      # === SQLServer Specific (DB Reflection) ======================== #
       
-      def empty_insert_statement(table_name)
-        "INSERT INTO #{quote_table_name(table_name)} DEFAULT VALUES"
+      def database_version
+        @database_version ||= info_schema_query { select_value('SELECT @@version') }
       end
       
-      def case_sensitive_equality_operator
-        "COLLATE Latin1_General_CS_AS ="
-      end
-      
-      def limited_update_conditions(where_sql, quoted_table_name, quoted_primary_key)
-        match_data = where_sql.match(/^(.*?[\]\) ])WHERE[\[\( ]/)
-        limit = match_data[1]
-        where_sql.sub!(limit,'')
-        "WHERE #{quoted_primary_key} IN (SELECT #{limit} #{quoted_primary_key} FROM #{quoted_table_name} #{where_sql})"
-      end
-      
-      def newid_function
-        select_value "SELECT NEWID()"
-      end
-      
-      def newsequentialid_function
-        select_value "SELECT NEWSEQUENTIALID()"
-      end
-      
-      # SCHEMA STATEMENTS ========================================#
-      
-      def native_database_types
-        @native_database_types ||= initialize_native_database_types.freeze
-      end
-      
-      def table_alias_length
-        128
-      end
-      
-      def tables(name = nil)
-        info_schema_query do
-          select_values "SELECT TABLE_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE TABLE_TYPE = 'BASE TABLE' AND TABLE_NAME <> 'dtproperties'"
-        end
+      def database_year
+        DATABASE_VERSION_REGEXP.match(database_version)[1].to_i
       end
       
-      def views(name = nil)
-        @sqlserver_views_cache ||= 
-          info_schema_query { select_values("SELECT TABLE_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.VIEWS WHERE TABLE_NAME NOT IN ('sysconstraints','syssegments')") }
+      def sqlserver?
+        true
       end
       
-      def view_information(table_name)
-        table_name = unqualify_table_name(table_name)
-        @sqlserver_view_information_cache[table_name] ||= begin
-          view_info = info_schema_query { select_one("SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.VIEWS WHERE TABLE_NAME = '#{table_name}'") }
-          if view_info
-            view_info = view_info.with_indifferent_access
-            if view_info[:VIEW_DEFINITION].blank? || view_info[:VIEW_DEFINITION].length == 4000
-              view_info[:VIEW_DEFINITION] = info_schema_query do
-                                              begin
-                                                select_values("EXEC sp_helptext #{quote_table_name(table_name)}").join
-                                              rescue
-                                                warn "No view definition found, possible permissions problem.\nPlease run GRANT VIEW DEFINITION TO your_user;"
-                                              end
-                                            end
-            end
-          end
-          view_info
-        end
+      def sqlserver_2005?
+        database_year == 2005
       end
       
-      def view_table_name(table_name)
-        view_info = view_information(table_name)
-        view_info ? get_table_name(view_info['VIEW_DEFINITION']) : table_name
+      def sqlserver_2008?
+        database_year == 2008
       end
       
-      def table_exists?(table_name)
-        super || tables.include?(unqualify_table_name(table_name)) || views.include?(table_name.to_s)
+      def version
+        self.class::VERSION
       end
       
-      def indexes(table_name, name = nil)
-        unquoted_table_name = unqualify_table_name(table_name)
-        data = select("EXEC sp_helpindex #{quote_table_name(unquoted_table_name)}",name) rescue []
-        data.inject([]) do |indexes,index|
-          index = index.with_indifferent_access
-          if index[:index_description] =~ /primary key/
-            indexes
-          else
-            name    = index[:index_name]
-            unique  = index[:index_description] =~ /unique/
-            columns = index[:index_keys].split(',').map do |column|
-              column.strip!
-              column.gsub! '(-)', '' if column.ends_with?('(-)')
-              column
-            end
-            indexes << IndexDefinition.new(table_name, name, unique, columns)
-          end
-        end
+      def inspect
+        "#<#{self.class} version: #{version}, year: #{database_year}, connection_options: #{@connection_options.inspect}>"
       end
       
-      def columns(table_name, name = nil)
-        return [] if table_name.blank?
-        cache_key = unqualify_table_name(table_name)
-        @sqlserver_columns_cache[cache_key] ||= column_definitions(table_name).collect do |ci|
-          sqlserver_options = ci.except(:name,:default_value,:type,:null).merge(:database_year=>database_year)
-          SQLServerColumn.new ci[:name], ci[:default_value], ci[:type], ci[:null], sqlserver_options
-        end
+      def auto_connect
+        @@auto_connect.is_a?(FalseClass) ? false : true
       end
       
-      def create_table(table_name, options = {})
-        super
-        remove_sqlserver_columns_cache_for(table_name)
+      def native_string_database_type
+        @@native_string_database_type || (enable_default_unicode_types ? 'nvarchar' : 'varchar') 
       end
       
-      def rename_table(table_name, new_name)
-        do_execute "EXEC sp_rename '#{table_name}', '#{new_name}'"
+      def native_text_database_type
+        @@native_text_database_type || enable_default_unicode_types ? 'nvarchar(max)' : 'varchar(max)'
       end
       
-      def drop_table(table_name, options = {})
-        super
-        remove_sqlserver_columns_cache_for(table_name)
+      def native_time_database_type
+        sqlserver_2008? ? 'time' : 'datetime'
       end
       
-      def add_column(table_name, column_name, type, options = {})
-        super
-        remove_sqlserver_columns_cache_for(table_name)
+      def native_date_database_type
+        sqlserver_2008? ? 'date' : 'datetime'
       end
       
-      def remove_column(table_name, *column_names)
-        raise ArgumentError.new("You must specify at least one column name.  Example: remove_column(:people, :first_name)") if column_names.empty?
-        column_names.flatten.each do |column_name|
-          remove_check_constraints(table_name, column_name)
-          remove_default_constraint(table_name, column_name)
-          remove_indexes(table_name, column_name)
-          do_execute "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} DROP COLUMN #{quote_column_name(column_name)}"
-        end
-        remove_sqlserver_columns_cache_for(table_name)
+      def native_binary_database_type
+        @@native_binary_database_type || 'varbinary(max)'
       end
       
-      def change_column(table_name, column_name, type, options = {})
-        sql_commands = []
-        column_object = columns(table_name).detect { |c| c.name.to_s == column_name.to_s }
-        change_column_sql = "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} ALTER COLUMN #{quote_column_name(column_name)} #{type_to_sql(type, options[:limit], options[:precision], options[:scale])}"
-        change_column_sql << " NOT NULL" if options[:null] == false
-        sql_commands << change_column_sql
-        if options_include_default?(options) || (column_object && column_object.type != type.to_sym)
-         	remove_default_constraint(table_name,column_name)
-        end
-        if options_include_default?(options)
-          remove_sqlserver_columns_cache_for(table_name)
-          sql_commands << "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} ADD CONSTRAINT #{default_name(table_name,column_name)} DEFAULT #{quote(options[:default])} FOR #{quote_column_name(column_name)}"
-        end
-        sql_commands.each { |c| do_execute(c) }
-        remove_sqlserver_columns_cache_for(table_name)
+      def cs_equality_operator
+        @@cs_equality_operator || 'COLLATE Latin1_General_CS_AS_WS ='
       end
       
-      def change_column_default(table_name, column_name, default)
-        remove_default_constraint(table_name, column_name)
-        do_execute "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} ADD CONSTRAINT #{default_name(table_name, column_name)} DEFAULT #{quote(default)} FOR #{quote_column_name(column_name)}"
-        remove_sqlserver_columns_cache_for(table_name)
-      end
       
-      def rename_column(table_name, column_name, new_column_name)
-        column_for(table_name,column_name)
-        do_execute "EXEC sp_rename '#{table_name}.#{column_name}', '#{new_column_name}', 'COLUMN'"
-        remove_sqlserver_columns_cache_for(table_name)
-      end
+      protected
       
-      def remove_index(table_name, options = {})
-        do_execute "DROP INDEX #{table_name}.#{quote_column_name(index_name(table_name, options))}" rescue nil
-      end
+      # === Abstract Adapter (Misc Support) =========================== #
       
-      def type_to_sql(type, limit = nil, precision = nil, scale = nil)
-        limit = nil unless self.class.type_limitable?(type)
-        case type.to_s
-        when 'integer'
-          case limit
-            when 1..2       then  'smallint'
-            when 3..4, nil  then  'integer'
-            when 5..8       then  'bigint'
-            else raise(ActiveRecordError, "No integer type has byte size #{limit}. Use a numeric with precision 0 instead.")
-          end
+      def translate_exception(e, message)
+        case message
+        when /cannot insert duplicate key .* with unique index/i
+          RecordNotUnique.new(message,e)
+        when /conflicted with the foreign key constraint/i
+          InvalidForeignKey.new(message,e)
+        when *lost_connection_messages
+          LostConnection.new(message,e)
         else
           super
         end
       end
       
-      def add_order_by_for_association_limiting!(sql, options)
-        # Disertation http://gist.github.com/24073
-        # Information http://weblogs.sqlteam.com/jeffs/archive/2007/12/13/select-distinct-order-by-error.aspx
-        return sql if options[:order].blank?
-        columns = sql.match(/SELECT\s+DISTINCT(.*?)FROM/)[1].strip
-        sql.sub!(/SELECT\s+DISTINCT/,'SELECT')
-        sql << "GROUP BY #{columns} ORDER BY #{order_to_min_set(options[:order])}"
-      end
-      
-      def change_column_null(table_name, column_name, null, default = nil)
-        column = column_for(table_name,column_name)
-        unless null || default.nil?
-          do_execute("UPDATE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} SET #{quote_column_name(column_name)}=#{quote(default)} WHERE #{quote_column_name(column_name)} IS NULL")
-        end
-        sql = "ALTER TABLE #{table_name} ALTER COLUMN #{quote_column_name(column_name)} #{type_to_sql column.type, column.limit, column.precision, column.scale}"
-        sql << " NOT NULL" unless null
-        do_execute sql
-      end
-      
-      def pk_and_sequence_for(table_name)
-        idcol = identity_column(table_name)
-        idcol ? [idcol.name,nil] : nil
-      end
-      
-      # RAKE UTILITY METHODS =====================================#
-      
-      def recreate_database
-        remove_database_connections_and_rollback do
-          do_execute "EXEC sp_MSforeachtable 'DROP TABLE ?'"
-        end
-      end
-      
-      def recreate_database!(database=nil)
-        current_db = current_database
-        database ||= current_db
-        this_db = database.to_s == current_db
-        do_execute 'USE master' if this_db
-        drop_database(database)
-        create_database(database)
-      ensure
-        use_database(current_db) if this_db
-      end
-      
-      # Remove existing connections and rollback any transactions if we received the message
-      # 'Cannot drop the database 'test' because it is currently in use'
-      def drop_database(database)
-        retry_count = 0
-        max_retries = 1
-        begin
-          do_execute "DROP DATABASE #{quote_table_name(database)}"
-        rescue ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid => err
-          if err.message =~ /because it is currently in use/i
-            raise if retry_count >= max_retries
-            retry_count += 1
-            remove_database_connections_and_rollback(database)
-            retry
-          elsif err.message =~ /does not exist/i
-            nil
-          else
-            raise
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      def create_database(database)
-        do_execute "CREATE DATABASE #{quote_table_name(database)}"
-      end
-      
-      def current_database
-        select_value 'SELECT DB_NAME()'
-      end
-      
-      def charset
-        select_value "SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('SqlCharSetName')"
-      end
-      
-      # This should disconnect all other users and rollback any transactions for SQL 2000 and 2005
-      # http://sqlserver2000.databases.aspfaq.com/how-do-i-drop-a-sql-server-database.html
-      def remove_database_connections_and_rollback(database=nil)
-        database ||= current_database
-        do_execute "ALTER DATABASE #{quote_table_name(database)} SET SINGLE_USER WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE"
-        begin
-          yield
-        ensure
-          do_execute "ALTER DATABASE #{quote_table_name(database)} SET MULTI_USER"
-        end if block_given?
-      end
-      
-      
-      
-      protected
-      
-      # CONNECTION MANAGEMENT ====================================#
+      # === SQLServer Specific (Connection Management) ================ #
       
       def connect
         config = @connection_options
-        @connection = case @connection_options[:mode]
-                      when :dblib
-                        appname = config[:appname] || configure_application_name || Rails.application.class.name.split('::').first rescue nil
-                        login_timeout = config[:login_timeout].present? ? config[:login_timeout].to_i : nil
-                        timeout = config[:timeout].present? ? config[:timeout].to_i/1000 : nil
-                        encoding = config[:encoding].present? ? config[:encoding] : nil
-                        TinyTds::Client.new({ 
-                          :dataserver    => config[:dataserver],
-                          :host          => config[:host],
-                          :port          => config[:port],
-                          :username      => config[:username],
-                          :password      => config[:password],
-                          :database      => config[:database],
-                          :appname       => appname,
-                          :login_timeout => login_timeout,
-                          :timeout       => timeout,
-                          :encoding      => encoding
-                        }).tap do |client|
-                          client.execute("SET ANSI_DEFAULTS ON").do
-                          client.execute("SET IMPLICIT_TRANSACTIONS OFF").do
-                          client.execute("SET CURSOR_CLOSE_ON_COMMIT OFF").do
-                        end
+        @connection = case connection_mode
                       when :odbc
-                        if config[:dsn].include?(';')
-                          driver = ODBC::Driver.new.tap do |d|
-                            d.name = config[:dsn_name] || 'Driver1'
-                            d.attrs = config[:dsn].split(';').map{ |atr| atr.split('=') }.reject{ |kv| kv.size != 2 }.inject({}){ |h,kv| k,v = kv ; h[k] = v ; h }
-                          end
-                          ODBC::Database.new.drvconnect(driver)
-                        else
-                          ODBC.connect config[:dsn], config[:username], config[:password]
-                        end.tap do |c|
-                          if c.respond_to?(:use_time)
-                            c.use_time = true
-                            c.use_utc = ActiveRecord::Base.default_timezone == :utc
-                            @connection_supports_native_types = true
-                          end
-                        end
+                        odbc = ['::ODBC','::ODBC_UTF8','::ODBC_NONE'].detect{ |odbc_ns| odbc_ns.constantize rescue nil }.constantize
+                        odbc.connect config[:dsn], config[:username], config[:password]
                       when :adonet
                         System::Data::SqlClient::SqlConnection.new.tap do |connection|
                           connection.connection_string = System::Data::SqlClient::SqlConnectionStringBuilder.new.tap do |cs|
@@ -868,40 +373,25 @@ module ActiveRecord
                           connection.open
                         end
                       end
-        configure_connection
       rescue
         raise unless @auto_connecting
       end
       
-      # Override this method so every connection can be configured to your needs.
-      # For example: 
-      #    do_execute "SET TEXTSIZE #{64.megabytes}"
-      #    do_execute "SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL ON"
-      def configure_connection
-      end
-      
-      # Override this method so every connection can have a unique name. Max 30 characters. Used by TinyTDS only.
-      # For example:
-      #    "myapp_#{$$}_#{Thread.current.object_id}".to(29)
-      def configure_application_name
-      end
-      
-      def lost_connection_exceptions
-        exceptions = LOST_CONNECTION_EXCEPTIONS[@connection_options[:mode]]
-        @lost_connection_exceptions ||= exceptions ? exceptions.map(&:constantize) : []
-      end
-      
-      def lost_connection_messages
-        LOST_CONNECTION_MESSAGES[@connection_options[:mode]]
+      def remove_database_connections_and_rollback(database=nil)
+        database ||= current_database
+        do_execute "ALTER DATABASE #{quote_table_name(database)} SET SINGLE_USER WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE"
+        begin
+          yield
+        ensure
+          do_execute "ALTER DATABASE #{quote_table_name(database)} SET MULTI_USER"
+        end if block_given?
       end
       
       def with_auto_reconnect
         begin
           yield
-        rescue *lost_connection_exceptions => e
-          if lost_connection_messages.any? { |lcm| e.message =~ lcm }
-            retry if auto_reconnected?
-          end
+        rescue Exception => e
+          retry if translate_exception(e,e.message).is_a?(LostConnection) && auto_reconnected?
           raise
         end
       end
@@ -922,488 +412,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
         @auto_connecting = false
       end
       
-      def raw_connection_run(sql)
-        with_auto_reconnect do
-          case @connection_options[:mode]
-          when :dblib
-            @connection.execute(sql)
-          when :odbc
-            block_given? ? @connection.run_block(sql) { |handle| yield(handle) } : @connection.run(sql)
-          else :adonet
-            @connection.create_command.tap{ |cmd| cmd.command_text = sql }.execute_reader
-          end
-        end
-      end
-      
-      def raw_connection_do(sql)
-        case @connection_options[:mode]
-        when :dblib
-          @insert_sql ? @connection.execute(sql).insert : @connection.execute(sql).do
-        when :odbc
-          @connection.do(sql)
-        else :adonet
-          @connection.create_command.tap{ |cmd| cmd.command_text = sql }.execute_non_query
-        end
-      end
-      
-      def finish_statement_handle(handle)
-        case @connection_options[:mode]
-        when :dblib
-          handle.cancel if handle
-        when :odbc
-          handle.drop if handle && handle.respond_to?(:drop) && !handle.finished?
-        when :adonet
-          handle.close if handle && handle.respond_to?(:close) && !handle.is_closed
-          handle.dispose if handle && handle.respond_to?(:dispose)
-        end
-        handle
-      end
-      
-      # DATABASE STATEMENTS ======================================
-      
-      def select(sql, name = nil)
-        raw_select sql, name, :fetch => :all
-      end
-      
-      def insert_sql(sql, name = nil, pk = nil, id_value = nil, sequence_name = nil)
-        @insert_sql = true
-        case @connection_options[:mode]
-        when :dblib
-          execute(sql, name) || id_value
-        else
-          super || select_value("SELECT CAST(SCOPE_IDENTITY() AS bigint) AS Ident")
-        end
-      ensure
-        @insert_sql = false
-      end
-      
-      def update_sql(sql, name = nil)
-        @update_sql = true
-        case @connection_options[:mode]
-        when :dblib
-          sqlserver_2000? ? execute(sql, name) && select_value('SELECT @@ROWCOUNT AS AffectedRows') : execute(sql, name)
-        else
-          execute(sql, name)
-          select_value('SELECT @@ROWCOUNT AS AffectedRows')
-        end
-      ensure
-        @update_sql = false
-      end
-      
-      def info_schema_query
-        log_info_schema_queries ? yield : ActiveRecord::Base.silence{ yield }
-      end
-      
-      def do_execute(sql,name=nil)
-        log(sql, name || 'EXECUTE') do
-          with_auto_reconnect { raw_connection_do(sql) }
-        end
-      end
-      
-      def raw_select(sql, name=nil, options={})
-        log(sql,name) do
-          begin
-            handle = raw_connection_run(sql)
-            handle_to_names_and_values(handle, options)
-          ensure
-            finish_statement_handle(handle)
-          end
-        end
-      end
-      
-      def handle_more_results?(handle)
-        case @connection_options[:mode]
-        when :dblib
-        when :odbc
-          handle.more_results
-        when :adonet
-          handle.next_result
-        end
-      end
-      
-      def handle_to_names_and_values(handle, options={})
-        case @connection_options[:mode]
-        when :dblib
-          handle_to_names_and_values_dblib(handle, options)
-        when :odbc
-          handle_to_names_and_values_odbc(handle, options)
-        when :adonet
-          handle_to_names_and_values_adonet(handle, options)
-        end
-      end
-      
-      def handle_to_names_and_values_dblib(handle, options={})
-        query_options = {}.tap do |qo|
-          qo[:timezone] = ActiveRecord::Base.default_timezone || :utc
-          qo[:first] = true if options[:fetch] == :one
-          qo[:as] = options[:fetch] == :rows ? :array : :hash
-        end
-        handle.each(query_options)
-      end
-
-      def handle_to_names_and_values_odbc(handle, options={})
-        @connection.use_utc = ActiveRecord::Base.default_timezone == :utc if @connection_supports_native_types
-        case options[:fetch]
-        when :all, :one
-          if @connection_supports_native_types
-            if options[:fetch] == :all
-              handle.each_hash || []
-            else
-              row = handle.fetch_hash
-              rows = row ? [row] : [[]]                    
-            end
-          else
-            rows = if options[:fetch] == :all
-                     handle.fetch_all || []
-                   else
-                     row = handle.fetch
-                     row ? [row] : [[]]                     
-                   end
-            names = handle.columns(true).map{ |c| c.name }
-            names_and_values = []
-            rows.each do |row|
-              h = {}
-              i = 0
-              while i < row.size
-                v = row[i]
-                h[names[i]] = v.respond_to?(:to_sqlserver_string) ? v.to_sqlserver_string : v
-                i += 1
-              end
-              names_and_values << h
-            end
-            names_and_values
-          end
-        when :rows
-          rows = handle.fetch_all || []
-          return rows if @connection_supports_native_types
-          rows.each do |row|
-            i = 0
-            while i < row.size
-              v = row[i]
-              row[i] = v.to_sqlserver_string if v.respond_to?(:to_sqlserver_string)
-              i += 1
-            end
-          end
-          rows
-        end
-      end
-
-      def handle_to_names_and_values_adonet(handle, options={})
-        if handle.has_rows
-          names = []
-          rows = []
-          fields_named = options[:fetch] == :rows
-          one_row_only = options[:fetch] == :one
-          while handle.read
-            row = []
-            handle.visible_field_count.times do |row_index|
-              value = handle.get_value(row_index)
-              value = case value
-                      when System::String
-                        value.to_s
-                      when System::DBNull
-                        nil
-                      when System::DateTime
-                        value.to_string("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff").to_s
-                      when @@array_of_bytes ||= System::Array[System::Byte]
-                        String.new(value)
-                      else
-                        value
-                      end
-              row << value
-              names << handle.get_name(row_index).to_s unless fields_named
-              break if one_row_only
-            end
-            rows << row
-            fields_named = true
-          end
-        else
-          rows = []
-        end
-        if options[:fetch] != :rows
-          names_and_values = []
-          rows.each do |row|
-            h = {}
-            i = 0
-            while i < row.size
-              h[names[i]] = row[i]
-              i += 1
-            end
-            names_and_values << h
-          end
-          names_and_values
-        else
-          rows
-        end
-      end
-      
-      def add_limit_offset_for_association_limiting!(sql, options)
-        sql.replace %|
-          SET NOCOUNT ON
-          DECLARE @row_number TABLE (row int identity(1,1), id int)
-          INSERT INTO @row_number (id)
-            #{sql}
-          SET NOCOUNT OFF
-          SELECT id FROM (
-            SELECT TOP #{options[:limit]} * FROM (
-              SELECT TOP #{options[:limit] + options[:offset]} * FROM @row_number ORDER BY row
-            ) AS tmp1 ORDER BY row DESC
-          ) AS tmp2 ORDER BY row
-        |.gsub(/[ \t\r\n]+/,' ')
-      end
-      
-      # SCHEMA STATEMENTS ========================================#
-      
-      def remove_check_constraints(table_name, column_name)
-        constraints = info_schema_query { select_values("SELECT CONSTRAINT_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE where TABLE_NAME = '#{quote_string(table_name)}' and COLUMN_NAME = '#{quote_string(column_name)}'") }
-        constraints.each do |constraint|
-          do_execute "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} DROP CONSTRAINT #{quote_column_name(constraint)}"
-        end
-      end
-      
-      def remove_default_constraint(table_name, column_name)
-        select_all("EXEC sp_helpconstraint '#{quote_string(table_name)}','nomsg'").flatten.select do |row|
-          row['constraint_type'] == "DEFAULT on column #{column_name}"
-        end.each do |row|
-          do_execute "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} DROP CONSTRAINT #{row['constraint_name']}"
-        end
-      end
-      
-      def remove_indexes(table_name, column_name)
-        indexes(table_name).select{ |index| index.columns.include?(column_name.to_s) }.each do |index|
-          remove_index(table_name, {:name => index.name})
-        end
-      end
-      
-      def default_name(table_name, column_name)
-        "DF_#{table_name}_#{column_name}"
-      end
-      
-      # IDENTITY INSERTS =========================================#
-      
-      def with_identity_insert_enabled(table_name)
-        table_name = quote_table_name(table_name_or_views_table_name(table_name))
-        set_identity_insert(table_name, true)
-        yield
-      ensure
-        set_identity_insert(table_name, false)
-      end
-      
-      def set_identity_insert(table_name, enable = true)
-        sql = "SET IDENTITY_INSERT #{table_name} #{enable ? 'ON' : 'OFF'}"
-        do_execute(sql,'IDENTITY_INSERT')
-      rescue Exception => e
-        raise ActiveRecordError, "IDENTITY_INSERT could not be turned #{enable ? 'ON' : 'OFF'} for table #{table_name}"
-      end
-      
-      def query_requires_identity_insert?(sql)
-        if insert_sql?(sql)
-          table_name = get_table_name(sql)
-          id_column = identity_column(table_name)
-          id_column && sql =~ /^\s*INSERT[^(]+\([^)]*\b(#{id_column.name})\b,?[^)]*\)/i ? quote_table_name(table_name) : false
-        else
-          false
-        end
-      end
-      
-      def identity_column(table_name)
-        columns(table_name).detect(&:is_identity?)
-      end
-      
-      def table_name_or_views_table_name(table_name)
-        unquoted_table_name = unqualify_table_name(table_name)
-        views.include?(unquoted_table_name) ? view_table_name(unquoted_table_name) : unquoted_table_name
-      end
-      
-      # HELPER METHODS ===========================================#
-      
-      def insert_sql?(sql)
-        !(sql =~ /^\s*INSERT/i).nil?
-      end
-      
-      def unqualify_table_name(table_name)
-        table_name.to_s.split('.').last.gsub(/[\[\]]/,'')
-      end
-      
-      def unqualify_db_name(table_name)
-        table_names = table_name.to_s.split('.')
-        table_names.length == 3 ? table_names.first.tr('[]','') : nil
-      end
-      
-      def get_table_name(sql)
-        if sql =~ /^\s*insert\s+into\s+([^\(\s]+)\s*|^\s*update\s+([^\(\s]+)\s*/i
-          $1 || $2
-        elsif sql =~ /from\s+([^\(\s]+)\s*/i
-          $1
-        else
-          nil
-        end
-      end
-      
-      def orders_and_dirs_set(order)
-        orders = order.sub('ORDER BY','').split(',').map(&:strip).reject(&:blank?)
-        orders_dirs = orders.map do |ord|
-          dir = nil
-          ord.sub!(/\b(asc|desc)$/i) do |match|
-            if match
-              dir = match.upcase.strip
-              ''
-            end
-          end
-          [ord.strip, dir]
-        end
-      end
-      
-      def views_real_column_name(table_name,column_name)
-        view_definition = view_information(table_name)[:VIEW_DEFINITION]
-        match_data = view_definition.match(/([\w-]*)\s+as\s+#{column_name}/im)
-        match_data ? match_data[1] : column_name
-      end
-      
-      def order_to_min_set(order)
-        orders_dirs = orders_and_dirs_set(order)
-        orders_dirs.map do |o,d|
-          "MIN(#{o}) #{d}".strip
-        end.join(', ')
-      end
-      
-      def sql_for_association_limiting?(sql)
-        if md = sql.match(/^\s*SELECT(.*)FROM.*GROUP BY.*ORDER BY.*/im)
-          select_froms = md[1].split(',')
-          select_froms.size == 1 && !select_froms.first.include?('*')
-        end
-      end
-      
-      def remove_sqlserver_columns_cache_for(table_name)
-        cache_key = unqualify_table_name(table_name)
-        @sqlserver_columns_cache[cache_key] = nil
-        initialize_sqlserver_caches(false)
-      end
-      
-      def initialize_sqlserver_caches(reset_columns=true)
-        @sqlserver_columns_cache = {} if reset_columns
-        @sqlserver_views_cache = nil
-        @sqlserver_view_information_cache = {}
-        @sqlserver_quoted_column_and_table_names = {}
-      end
-      
-      def initialize_native_database_types
-        {
-          :primary_key  => "int NOT NULL IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY",
-          :string       => { :name => native_string_database_type, :limit => 255  },
-          :text         => { :name => native_text_database_type },
-          :integer      => { :name => "int", :limit => 4 },
-          :float        => { :name => "float", :limit => 8 },
-          :decimal      => { :name => "decimal" },
-          :datetime     => { :name => "datetime" },
-          :timestamp    => { :name => "datetime" },
-          :time         => { :name => native_time_database_type },
-          :date         => { :name => native_date_database_type },
-          :binary       => { :name => native_binary_database_type },
-          :boolean      => { :name => "bit"},
-          # These are custom types that may move somewhere else for good schema_dumper.rb hacking to output them.
-          :char         => { :name => 'char' },
-          :varchar_max  => { :name => 'varchar(max)' },
-          :nchar        => { :name => "nchar" },
-          :nvarchar     => { :name => "nvarchar", :limit => 255 },
-          :nvarchar_max => { :name => "nvarchar(max)" },
-          :ntext        => { :name => "ntext" },
-          :ss_timestamp => { :name => 'timestamp'}
-        }
-      end
-      
-      def column_definitions(table_name)
-        db_name = unqualify_db_name(table_name)
-        db_name_with_period = "#{db_name}." if db_name
-        table_name = unqualify_table_name(table_name)
-        sql = %{
-          SELECT
-          columns.TABLE_NAME as table_name,
-          columns.COLUMN_NAME as name,
-          columns.DATA_TYPE as type,
-          columns.COLUMN_DEFAULT as default_value,
-          columns.NUMERIC_SCALE as numeric_scale,
-          columns.NUMERIC_PRECISION as numeric_precision,
-          CASE
-            WHEN columns.DATA_TYPE IN ('nchar','nvarchar') THEN columns.CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH
-            ELSE COL_LENGTH(columns.TABLE_SCHEMA+'.'+columns.TABLE_NAME, columns.COLUMN_NAME)
-          END as length,
-          CASE
-            WHEN columns.IS_NULLABLE = 'YES' THEN 1
-            ELSE NULL
-          END as is_nullable,
-          CASE
-            WHEN COLUMNPROPERTY(OBJECT_ID(columns.TABLE_SCHEMA+'.'+columns.TABLE_NAME), columns.COLUMN_NAME, 'IsIdentity') = 0 THEN NULL
-            ELSE 1
-          END as is_identity
-          FROM #{db_name_with_period}INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS columns
-          WHERE columns.TABLE_NAME = '#{table_name}'
-          ORDER BY columns.ordinal_position
-        }.gsub(/[ \t\r\n]+/,' ')
-        results = info_schema_query { select(sql,nil) }
-        results.collect do |ci|
-          ci = ci.symbolize_keys
-          ci[:type] = case ci[:type]
-                      when /^bit|image|text|ntext|datetime$/
-                        ci[:type]
-                      when /^numeric|decimal$/i
-                        "#{ci[:type]}(#{ci[:numeric_precision]},#{ci[:numeric_scale]})"
-                      when /^float|real$/i
-                        "#{ci[:type]}(#{ci[:numeric_precision]})"
-                      when /^char|nchar|varchar|nvarchar|varbinary|bigint|int|smallint$/
-                        ci[:length].to_i == -1 ? "#{ci[:type]}(max)" : "#{ci[:type]}(#{ci[:length]})"
-                      else
-                        ci[:type]
-                      end
-          if ci[:default_value].nil? && views.include?(table_name)
-            real_table_name = table_name_or_views_table_name(table_name)
-            real_column_name = views_real_column_name(table_name,ci[:name])
-            col_default_sql = "SELECT c.COLUMN_DEFAULT FROM #{db_name_with_period}INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS c WHERE c.TABLE_NAME = '#{real_table_name}' AND c.COLUMN_NAME = '#{real_column_name}'"
-            ci[:default_value] = info_schema_query { select_value(col_default_sql) }
-          end
-          ci[:default_value] = case ci[:default_value]
-                               when nil, '(null)', '(NULL)'
-                                 nil
-                               when /\A\((\w+\(\))\)\Z/
-                                 ci[:default_function] = $1
-                                 nil
-                               else
-                                 match_data = ci[:default_value].match(/\A\(+N?'?(.*?)'?\)+\Z/m)
-                                 match_data ? match_data[1] : nil
-                               end
-          ci[:null] = ci[:is_nullable].to_i == 1 ; ci.delete(:is_nullable)
-          ci
-        end
-      end
-      
-      def column_for(table_name, column_name)
-        unless column = columns(table_name).detect { |c| c.name == column_name.to_s }
-          raise ActiveRecordError, "No such column: #{table_name}.#{column_name}"
-        end
-        column
-      end
-      
-      def change_order_direction(order)
-        order.split(",").collect {|fragment|
-          case fragment
-            when  /\bDESC\b/i     then fragment.gsub(/\bDESC\b/i, "ASC")
-            when  /\bASC\b/i      then fragment.gsub(/\bASC\b/i, "DESC")
-            else                  String.new(fragment).split(',').join(' DESC,') + ' DESC'
-          end
-        }.join(",")
-      end
-      
-      def special_columns(table_name)
-        columns(table_name).select(&:is_special?).map(&:name)
-      end
-      
-      def repair_special_columns(sql)
-        special_cols = special_columns(get_table_name(sql))
-        for col in special_cols.to_a
-          sql.gsub!(/((\.|\s|\()\[?#{col.to_s}\]?)\s?=\s?/, '\1 LIKE ')
-          sql.gsub!(/ORDER BY #{col.to_s}/i, '')
-        end
-        sql
+      def connection_mode
+        @connection_options[:mode]
       end
             
     end #class SQLServerAdapter < AbstractAdapter