activerecord-refined 0.10.2 → 0.12.0

data/lib/active_record/refined.rb

@@ -1,1272 +1,9 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-module ActiveRecord
-  module Refined
-    # What a symbol answers to inside a block.  A symbol names a column
-    # there -- `:age` is `"users"."age"` -- and the methods below build a
-    # condition, an expression or an ordering from it.  Every one of them is
-    # a refinement, so it exists inside a `where`, `select`, `having`,
-    # `order`, `group`, `joins`, `update_all` or `upsert_all` block and
-    # nowhere else.
-    #
-    # The comparisons and the rest of the conditions are listed under
-    # {AST::Predications}, the arithmetic under {AST::Arithmetics}; a number
-    # or a string in a block takes `as` too, for a literal in a select list
-    # -- `0.as(:depth)` -- and a number on the left of an operator builds the
-    # same expression a column on the left would.
-    #
-    # @example A column compared, aliased and ordered
-    #   Author.where { :age >= 18 }
-    #   Author.select { :name.as(:author) }
-    #   Author.order { :age.desc.nulls_last }
-    # @example A column of another table, and a collation
-    #   Author.joins(:posts) { :posts[:author_id] == :authors[:id] }
-    #   Author.where { :name.collate(:nocase) == "alice" }
-    module BlockSyntax
-      # @!parse include AST::Predications
-      # @!parse include AST::Arithmetics
-
-      # @!method as(alias_name, quote: true)
-      #   The column under an alias: `AS "name"`.  The alias is quoted, so
-      #   the name asked for is the name that comes back on every adapter;
-      #   `quote: false` writes it bare, for a schema that wants the folding,
-      #   and then it has to be a plain name.
-      #   @param alias_name [Symbol, String]
-      #   @param quote [Boolean]
-      #   @return [AST::As]
-      #   @example
-      #     Author.select { :name.as(:author) }   # "authors"."name" AS "author"
-
-      # @!method asc
-      #   An ascending ordering, which takes `nulls_first` and `nulls_last`.
-      #   @return [AST::Ordering]
-      #   @example
-      #     Author.order { :country.asc.nulls_last }
-
-      # @!method desc
-      #   A descending ordering, which takes `nulls_first` and `nulls_last`.
-      #   @return [AST::Ordering]
-      #   @example
-      #     Post.order { :likes.desc }
-
-      # @!method collate(name)
-      #   The column under a collation, for a comparison or an ordering:
-      #   `"name" COLLATE nocase`.  The name is the database's own and not
-      #   portable; PostgreSQL quotes it, the others take it bare and refuse
-      #   one that is not a plain identifier.
-      #   @param name [Symbol, String] the collation's name
-      #   @return [AST::Collate]
-      #   @example
-      #     Author.where { :name.collate(:nocase) == "alice" }
-      #     Author.order { :name.collate(:"en-US-x-icu").asc }   # PostgreSQL
-
-      # @!method [](column_name)
-      #   A column of another table: `:posts[:author_id]` is
-      #   `"posts"."author_id"`, for a join condition or a query over a join.
-      #   @param column_name [Symbol]
-      #   @return [AST::Column]
-      #   @example
-      #     Author.joins(:posts) { :posts[:author_id] == :authors[:id] }
-
-      refine Symbol do
-        import_methods AST::Predications
-        import_methods AST::Arithmetics
-
-        def as(alias_name, quote: true)
-          AST::As.new(self, alias_name, quote: quote)
-        end
-
-        def asc
-          AST::Ordering.new(self, :asc)
-        end
-
-        def desc
-          AST::Ordering.new(self, :desc)
-        end
-
-        def collate(name)
-          AST::Collate.new(self, name)
-        end
-
-        def [](column_name)
-          AST::Column.new(self, column_name)
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Shorthand for `value(0).as(:depth)` and the like, and arithmetic with
-      # the number on the left: 20 - :quantity.  BigDecimal is a number here
-      # because that is what a decimal column's values are.
-      [Integer, Float, BigDecimal].each do |klass|
-        refine klass do
-          import_methods AST::NumericArithmetics
-
-          def as(alias_name, quote: true)
-            AST::As.new(AST::Value.new(self), alias_name, quote: quote)
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      # A string is a value here as it is in every other position of a block;
-      # SQL is asked for by name, with sql().
-      refine String do
-        def as(alias_name, quote: true)
-          AST::As.new(AST::Value.new(self), alias_name, quote: quote)
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    # What a block can call: the aggregates, the functions, CASE, and the
-    # escape hatches.  A block is evaluated with one of these as `self`, so
-    # its methods are called bare -- `count(:*)`, `upper(:name)` -- and each
-    # gives back an expression that compares, aliases and orders like a
-    # column does (see {BlockSyntax}).
-    #
-    # Where a function is spelled differently from one database to the next,
-    # the method names the one meaning and the adapter gets its own
-    # spelling; where a database has no equivalent, the method raises
-    # `NotImplementedError` as the block is read, rather than leaving the
-    # database to reject the SQL.
-    #
-    # @example
-    #   Author.select { [upper(:name).as(:author), count(:*).as(:posts)] }
-    #   Author.having { count(:*) > 1 }
-    class BlockContext
-      # The model is only consulted to learn which adapter the query is being
-      # built for, which is what decides how a scalar function is spelled.
-      # @api private
-      def initialize(model)
-        @model = model
-      end
-
-      # @!group Aggregates
-
-      # @!method sum(column, distinct: false)
-      #   `SUM(column)`, or `SUM(DISTINCT column)`.
-      #   @return [AST::Aggregate]
-      # @!method avg(column, distinct: false)
-      #   `AVG(column)`, or `AVG(DISTINCT column)`.
-      #   @return [AST::Aggregate]
-      # @!method min(column)
-      #   `MIN(column)`.
-      #   @return [AST::Aggregate]
-      # @!method max(column)
-      #   `MAX(column)`.
-      #   @return [AST::Aggregate]
-      # @private
-      AGGREGATE_FUNCTIONS = {
-        sum: :sum, avg: :average, min: :minimum, max: :maximum,
-      }.freeze
-
-      # count, sum and avg take distinct: true, for the aggregate over each
-      # value once; min and max would answer the same with or without it,
-      # so they take no such thing.
-      AGGREGATE_FUNCTIONS.each do |name, arel_func|
-        if AST::Aggregate::DISTINCT_FUNCTIONS.include?(arel_func)
-          define_method(name) do |column, distinct: false|
-            AST::Aggregate.new(column, arel_func, distinct: distinct)
-          end
-        else
-          define_method(name) { |column| AST::Aggregate.new(column, arel_func) }
-        end
-      end
-
-      # `COUNT(column)`; `:*` for `COUNT(*)`, `distinct: true` for
-      # `COUNT(DISTINCT column)`.  Every aggregate takes {AST::Aggregate#filter}
-      # for the rows it is taken over, and {AST::Windowing#over} for a window.
-      # @param column [Symbol, AST::Node, :*]
-      # @return [AST::Aggregate]
-      # @example
-      #   Author.group { :country }.having { count(:*) > 1 }
-      #   Post.select { count(:author_id, distinct: true) }
-      #   Author.select { count(:*).filter { :age < 50 }.as(:young) }
-      def count(column, distinct: false)
-        AST::Aggregate.new(column, :count, distinct: distinct)
-      end
-
-      # The rows of a group gathered into one JSON array, a value from each:
-      # `jsonb_agg` on PostgreSQL, `json_group_array` on SQLite,
-      # `JSON_ARRAYAGG` elsewhere.  What it gives is JSON, which compares
-      # as a dug value does.
-      # @return [AST::JsonAggregate]
-      # @example
-      #   Post.group { :author_id }.select { json_arrayagg(:title).as(:titles) }
-      def json_arrayagg(value)
-        AST::JsonAggregate.new(:arrayagg, [value])
-      end
-
-      # The rows of a group gathered into one JSON object, a key and a value
-      # from each.
-      # @return [AST::JsonAggregate]
-      # @example
-      #   Post.select { json_objectagg(:title, :meta.dig(:stars)).as(:stars) }
-      def json_objectagg(key, value)
-        AST::JsonAggregate.new(:objectagg, [key, value])
-      end
-
-      # The strings of a group joined into one, a separator between:
-      # `STRING_AGG` on PostgreSQL and SQL Server, `group_concat` on SQLite,
-      # `GROUP_CONCAT` on MySQL, `LISTAGG` on Oracle.  Takes
-      # {AST::StringAggregate#order} for the order they are joined in.
-      # @param separator [String] the comma GROUP_CONCAT defaults to, unless given
-      # @return [AST::StringAggregate]
-      # @example
-      #   Post.group { :author_id }.
-      #     select { string_agg(:title, ", ").order(:title).as(:titles) }
-      def string_agg(value, separator = ",")
-        AST::StringAggregate.new(value, separator)
-      end
-
-      # @!endgroup
-      # @!group JSON
-
-      # A JSON array built in the row from the values given.
-      # @return [AST::JsonBuild]
-      # @example
-      #   Post.select { json_array(:title, :likes).as(:pair) }
-      def json_array(*values)
-        AST::JsonBuild.new(:array, values)
-      end
-
-      # A JSON object built in the row from a hash whose values are
-      # expressions.
-      # @param pairs [Hash{Symbol, String => Object}]
-      # @return [AST::JsonBuild]
-      # @example
-      #   Post.select { json_object(title: :title, stars: :meta.dig(:stars)).as(:doc) }
-      def json_object(pairs = {})
-        AST::JsonBuild.new(:object, pairs)
-      end
-
-      # @!endgroup
-      # @!group Scalar functions
-
-      # @!method abs(x)
-      #   `ABS(x)`.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method acos(x)
-      #   `ACOS(x)`.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method asin(x)
-      #   `ASIN(x)`.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method atan(x)
-      #   `ATAN(x)`.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method atan2(y, x)
-      #   `ATAN2(y, x)`.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method ceil(x)
-      #   `CEIL(x)`.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method coalesce(*values)
-      #   `COALESCE(a, b, ...)`: the first that is not NULL.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method concat(*strings)
-      #   `CONCAT(a, b, ...)`.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method cos(x)
-      #   `COS(x)`.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method exp(x)
-      #   `EXP(x)`.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method floor(x)
-      #   `FLOOR(x)`.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method length(string)
-      #   `LENGTH(string)`.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method ln(x)
-      #   `LN(x)`.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method log(base, x)
-      #   `LOG(base, x)`.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method lower(string)
-      #   `LOWER(string)`.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method ltrim(string)
-      #   `LTRIM(string)`.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method mod(x, y)
-      #   `MOD(x, y)`.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method nullif(x, y)
-      #   `NULLIF(x, y)`: NULL where the two are equal, x otherwise.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method power(x, y)
-      #   `POWER(x, y)`.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method replace(string, from, to)
-      #   `REPLACE(string, from, to)`.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method round(x, places = 0)
-      #   `ROUND(x, places)`.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method rtrim(string)
-      #   `RTRIM(string)`.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method sign(x)
-      #   `SIGN(x)`.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method sin(x)
-      #   `SIN(x)`.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method sqrt(x)
-      #   `SQRT(x)`.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method substr(string, from, length = nil)
-      #   `SUBSTR(string, from, length)`.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method tan(x)
-      #   `TAN(x)`.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method trim(string)
-      #   `TRIM(string)`.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method upper(string)
-      #   `UPPER(string)`.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method degrees(x)
-      #   `DEGREES(x)`.  Oracle has none.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method radians(x)
-      #   `RADIANS(x)`.  Oracle has none.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method pi
-      #   `PI()`.  Oracle has none.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method char_length(string)
-      #   `CHAR_LENGTH(string)`: `LENGTH` on SQLite and Oracle, `LEN` on SQL Server.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method greatest(*values)
-      #   `GREATEST(a, b, ...)`: `MAX` on SQLite.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method least(*values)
-      #   `LEAST(a, b, ...)`: `MIN` on SQLite.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method log2(x)
-      #   `LOG2(x)`.  PostgreSQL and Oracle have none; `log(2, x)` is their spelling.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method log10(x)
-      #   `LOG10(x)`.  Oracle has none.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method trunc(x, places = 0)
-      #   `TRUNC(x, places)`: `TRUNCATE` on MySQL, which insists on the places.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method now
-      #   `NOW()`.  SQLite and Oracle have none; {#current_timestamp} reaches both.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method bit_and(column)
-      #   `BIT_AND(column)`, an aggregate.  PostgreSQL and MySQL have it.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method bit_or(column)
-      #   `BIT_OR(column)`, an aggregate.  PostgreSQL and MySQL have it.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method bit_xor(column)
-      #   `BIT_XOR(column)`, an aggregate.  PostgreSQL and MySQL have it.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method date_trunc(field, timestamp)
-      #   `date_trunc('day', timestamp)`.  PostgreSQL has it; the others do not.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method rand
-      #   `RAND()`, a random number per row: `RANDOM()` on PostgreSQL and SQLite.  Oracle and SQL Server have none.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      # @!method format(template, *values)
-      #   printf-style `FORMAT(template, ...)`.  PostgreSQL and SQLite have it; MySQL's FORMAT is a different function, reached through {#fn}.
-      #   @return [AST::Function]
-      #
-      # Scalar functions, defined as real methods so that a typo is a
-      # NoMethodError and a name Kernel also answers to (format, hash, test)
-      # cannot quietly mean something else.  Where one is spelled other than as
-      # its plain upper-cased name, and where a family has no equivalent, is
-      # the dialect's to say; here is only the list of them.
-      # @private
-      SCALAR_FUNCTIONS = %i[
-        abs acos asin atan atan2 ceil coalesce concat cos exp floor length ln
-        log lower ltrim mod nullif power replace round rtrim sign sin sqrt
-        substr tan trim upper degrees radians pi char_length greatest least
-        log2 log10 trunc now bit_and bit_or bit_xor date_trunc rand format
-      ].freeze
-
-      SCALAR_FUNCTIONS.each do |name|
-        define_method(name) do |*args|
-          AST::Function.new(dialect.function_name(name, @model), args)
-        end
-      end
-
-      # @!endgroup
-      # @!group Datetime value functions
-
-      # @!method current_timestamp(precision = nil)
-      #   `CURRENT_TIMESTAMP`, the server's clock in the session's zone; the
-      #   portable spelling of what {#now} means.  A precision --
-      #   `current_timestamp(3)` -- goes into parentheses, which SQLite and
-      #   SQL Server refuse.
-      #   @return [AST::DatetimeValueFunction]
-      #   @example
-      #     Post.where { :published_at <= current_timestamp }
-      #     Post.where { :created_at > current_timestamp - 7.days }
-      # @!method current_time(precision = nil)
-      #   `CURRENT_TIME`.  SQL Server has none.
-      #   @return [AST::DatetimeValueFunction]
-      # @!method localtime(precision = nil)
-      #   `LOCALTIME`.  SQLite and SQL Server have none.
-      #   @return [AST::DatetimeValueFunction]
-      # @!method localtimestamp(precision = nil)
-      #   `LOCALTIMESTAMP`.  SQLite and SQL Server have none.
-      #   @return [AST::DatetimeValueFunction]
-      #
-      # The datetime value functions, as the SQL grammar calls them.  These
-      # the grammar has bare -- PostgreSQL and SQLite reject them written with
-      # parentheses -- and the one thing that does go into parentheses is an
-      # optional precision, current_timestamp(3), which current_date never
-      # takes and SQLite never accepts.  The table reads like
-      # SCALAR_FUNCTIONS; current_timestamp is the portable spelling of what
-      # now means, reaching SQLite where now does not.
-      # @private
-      DATETIME_VALUE_FUNCTIONS = %i[
-        current_date current_time current_timestamp localtime localtimestamp
-      ].freeze
-
-      # `CURRENT_DATE`, today in the session's zone -- UTC where Active
-      # Record has set it so.  Takes no precision.  SQL Server has none.
-      # @return [AST::DatetimeValueFunction]
-      # @example
-      #   Task.where { :due_on < current_date }
-      def current_date
-        AST::DatetimeValueFunction.new(dialect.function_name(:current_date, @model))
-      end
-
-      (DATETIME_VALUE_FUNCTIONS - [:current_date]).each do |name|
-        define_method(name) do |precision = nil|
-          # Built first so that a precision of the wrong type is an
-          # ArgumentError on every adapter, before SQLite gets to say it takes
-          # none at all.
-          node = AST::DatetimeValueFunction.new(
-            dialect.function_name(name, @model), precision)
-          if precision && !dialect.datetime_precision_supported?
-            raise NotImplementedError,
-              "#{name} takes no precision on #{@model.connection_db_config.adapter}"
-          end
-          node
-        end
-      end
-
-      # `EXTRACT(field FROM expr)`: a year, a month, a day of a date.  The
-      # field is a keyword and has to be a plain name.  SQLite and SQL Server
-      # have none.
-      # @param field [Symbol, String] `:year`, `:month`, `:day`, `:hour`, ...
-      # @return [AST::Extract]
-      # @example
-      #   Post.where { extract(:year, :created_at) == 2026 }
-      #
-      # The field is a keyword, not a value, so it has to be a plain name;
-      # the node checks it.  SQLite spells all of this as strftime formats,
-      # which no renaming carries, so it raises there -- after the node is
-      # built, so that a bad field is an ArgumentError on every adapter.
-      def extract(field, expr)
-        node = AST::Extract.new(field, expr)
-        unless dialect.extract_supported?
-          raise NotImplementedError,
-            "extract has no equivalent on #{@model.connection_db_config.adapter}"
-        end
-        node
-      end
-
-      # @!endgroup
-      # @!group Grouping
-
-      # `GROUP BY GROUPING SETS ((a), (b), ())`: several groupings in one
-      # query, an empty set for the grand total.  PostgreSQL has it; the
-      # others do not.
-      # @param sets [Array<Array<Symbol, AST::Node>>]
-      # @return [AST::GroupingSets]
-      # @example
-      #   Sale.group { grouping_sets([:region], [:product], []) }
-      #
-      # Arel has the nodes and writes them for PostgreSQL alone, so what it
-      # would raise elsewhere says nothing; this says it here, as extract
-      # does, while the block is being read.
-      def grouping_sets(*sets)
-        grouping(:grouping_sets, sets)
-      end
-
-      # `GROUP BY ROLLUP (a, b)`: subtotals up the list and a grand total.
-      # PostgreSQL has it, and the MySQL family as `WITH ROLLUP` trailing
-      # the group list, which the node spells there.
-      # @return [AST::GroupingSets]
-      # @example
-      #   Sale.group { rollup(:region, :product) }
-      def rollup(*columns)
-        grouping(:rollup, columns)
-      end
-
-      # `GROUP BY CUBE (a, b)`: every subtotal there is.  PostgreSQL has it;
-      # the others do not.
-      # @return [AST::GroupingSets]
-      # @example
-      #   Sale.group { cube(:region, :product) }
-      def cube(*columns)
-        grouping(:cube, columns)
-      end
-
-      # @!endgroup
-      # @!group Conversions
-
-      # `CAST(expr AS type)`.  The type is the adapter's own name for it --
-      # `decimal(10,2)`, `double precision` -- and has to look like one;
-      # whether it exists is the database's to say.
-      # @param type [Symbol, String]
-      # @return [AST::Cast]
-      # @example
-      #   Post.select { cast(:price, "decimal(10,2)").as(:price) }
-      def cast(expr, type)
-        AST::Cast.new(expr, type)
-      end
-
-      # @!endgroup
-      # @!group Window functions
-
-      # @!method row_number
-      #   `ROW_NUMBER()`.  Means nothing without {AST::Windowing#over}, and
-      #   says so.
-      #   @return [AST::WindowFunction]
-      #   @example
-      #     Author.select { row_number.over.partition(:country).order(:age.desc).as(:rank) }
-      # @!method rank
-      #   `RANK()`; needs `over`.
-      #   @return [AST::WindowFunction]
-      # @!method dense_rank
-      #   `DENSE_RANK()`; needs `over`.
-      #   @return [AST::WindowFunction]
-      # @!method percent_rank
-      #   `PERCENT_RANK()`; needs `over`.
-      #   @return [AST::WindowFunction]
-      # @!method cume_dist
-      #   `CUME_DIST()`; needs `over`.
-      #   @return [AST::WindowFunction]
-      # @!method ntile(buckets)
-      #   `NTILE(buckets)`; needs `over`.
-      #   @return [AST::WindowFunction]
-      # @!method first_value(expr)
-      #   `FIRST_VALUE(expr)`; needs `over`.
-      #   @return [AST::WindowFunction]
-      # @!method last_value(expr)
-      #   `LAST_VALUE(expr)`; needs `over`.
-      #   @return [AST::WindowFunction]
-      #
-      # The functions that only mean anything with a window.  Every adapter
-      # that has window functions at all spells these the same -- PostgreSQL,
-      # MySQL 8, SQLite 3.25 -- so unlike the scalar functions there is nothing
-      # here to translate.  Each says so if `over` never arrives.
-      %i[row_number rank dense_rank percent_rank cume_dist].each do |name|
-        define_method(name) { AST::WindowFunction.new(name.to_s.upcase, []) }
-      end
-
-      %i[ntile first_value last_value].each do |name|
-        define_method(name) { |arg| AST::WindowFunction.new(name.to_s.upcase, [arg]) }
-      end
-
-      # `NTH_VALUE(expr, nth)`; needs `over`.
-      # @return [AST::WindowFunction]
-      def nth_value(expr, nth)
-        AST::WindowFunction.new("NTH_VALUE", [expr, nth])
-      end
-
-      # `LAG(expr, offset, default)`: the value `offset` rows before this
-      # one; needs `over`.
-      # @return [AST::WindowFunction]
-      # @example
-      #   Post.select { (:likes - lag(:likes).over.order(:created_at)).as(:gain) }
-      #
-      # The offset is written out rather than left to default, so that a
-      # default value cannot end up where the offset belongs.
-      def lag(expr, offset = 1, default = nil)
-        AST::WindowFunction.new("LAG", default.nil? ? [expr, offset] : [expr, offset, default])
-      end
-
-      # `LEAD(expr, offset, default)`: the value `offset` rows after this
-      # one; needs `over`.
-      # @return [AST::WindowFunction]
-      def lead(expr, offset = 1, default = nil)
-        AST::WindowFunction.new("LEAD", default.nil? ? [expr, offset] : [expr, offset, default])
-      end
-
-      # @!endgroup
-      # @!group Escape hatches
-
-      # Any function by name: `fn(:date_part, "year", :created_at)`.  The name
-      # is written as given -- so a case-sensitive one can be spelled exactly
-      # -- and has to be a plain name, optionally qualified by a schema;
-      # the arguments are quoted as values unless they are columns or
-      # expressions.
-      # @param name [Symbol, String]
-      # @return [AST::Function]
-      # @example
-      #   Post.select { fn(:date_part, "year", :created_at).as(:year) }
-      #
-      # The name is emitted as written, so a case-sensitive one can be
-      # spelled exactly, and for that reason it has to be a plain name,
-      # optionally qualified by a schema; anything else is refused rather
-      # than written into the SQL.
-      def fn(name, *args)
-        AST::Function.new(
-          AST.check_name(name, AST::FUNCTION_NAME, "function name").to_s, args)
-      end
-
-      # Any binary operator by its spelling: `op("&&", :tags, "{ruby,sql}")`.
-      # The operator has to be made of operator characters; the operands are
-      # quoted as values unless they are columns or expressions, and
-      # parenthesized, since the operator's precedence is not known.
-      # @param operator [String]
-      # @return [AST::Operation]
-      # @example
-      #   Post.where { op("&&", :tags, "{ruby,sql}") }   # PostgreSQL arrays
-      def op(operator, left, right)
-        AST::Operation.new(operator, left, right)
-      end
-
-      # @!endgroup
-      # @!group Bits
-
-      # `BIT_COUNT(expr)`, the bits set in a number.  MySQL and PostgreSQL
-      # have it; SQLite, Oracle and SQL Server do not.
-      # @return [AST::Function]
-      # @example
-      #   Post.select { bit_count(:flags).as(:set) }
-      #
-      # MySQL counts the bits of a number; PostgreSQL counts those of a bit
-      # string, so the argument is cast, and to bit(64) because that is what
-      # makes a negative come back as MySQL has it -- 64 bits of two's
-      # complement rather than as many as the column happens to be wide.
-      def bit_count(expr)
-        dialect.bit_count(expr, @model)
-      end
-
-      # @!endgroup
-      # @!group Subqueries
-
-      # `EXISTS (subquery)`.  The subquery is a relation, which may refer to
-      # the outer row through a qualified column.
-      # @param relation [ActiveRecord::Relation]
-      # @return [AST::Exists]
-      # @example
-      #   Author.where { exists?(Post.where { :posts[:author_id] == :authors[:id] }) }
-      def exists?(relation)
-        AST::Exists.new(relation)
-      end
-
-      # `ANY (subquery)`, on the right of a comparison: true of the rows the
-      # comparison holds for any row of the subquery.  SQLite has none.
-      # @param relation [ActiveRecord::Relation]
-      # @return [AST::Quantified]
-      # @example
-      #   Post.where { :likes > any(Post.published.select(:likes)) }
-      #
-      # ANY and ALL quantify a comparison over a subquery, which is what a
-      # scalar subquery cannot do: it has to return the one row.  `== any`
-      # is IN and `!= all` is NOT IN, so what these add is the four
-      # comparisons IN has no spelling for.
-      def any(relation)
-        quantified("ANY", relation)
-      end
-
-      # `ALL (subquery)`, on the right of a comparison: true of the rows the
-      # comparison holds for every row of the subquery.  SQLite has none.
-      # @param relation [ActiveRecord::Relation]
-      # @return [AST::Quantified]
-      # @example
-      #   Post.where { :likes >= all(Post.select(:likes)) }
-      def all(relation)
-        quantified("ALL", relation)
-      end
-
-      # @!endgroup
-      # @!group Escape hatches
-
-      # SQL as written, the one way a string means SQL inside a block.  `?`
-      # and `:name` placeholders take quoted values, as `where` takes them.
-      # @param statement [String]
-      # @return [AST::Sql]
-      # @example
-      #   Post.where { sql("length(title) > ?", 10) }
-      #   Post.select { sql("count(*) FILTER (WHERE score > 0) AS positive") }
-      def sql(statement, *binds)
-        AST::Sql.new(statement, binds)
-      end
-
-      # A literal where an expression is expected, quoted like any other
-      # value.  A number or a string takes `as` for itself -- `0.as(:depth)`
-      # -- so this is the spelling for the rest: `true`, `nil`, a date.
-      # @return [AST::Value]
-      # @example
-      #   Node.select { [:id, value(0).as(:depth)] }
-      #   Post.select { [:title, value(nil).as(:score)] }
-      def value(literal)
-        AST::Value.new(literal)
-      end
-
-      # The row an upsert could not insert, in the block `upsert_all` takes:
-      # `"excluded"."column"` on PostgreSQL and SQLite, `VALUES(column)` on
-      # MySQL.
-      # @param column [Symbol]
-      # @return [AST::Node]
-      # @example
-      #   Tally.upsert_all(rows, unique_by: :page) { { hits: :hits + excluded(:hits) } }
-      def excluded(column)
-        dialect.excluded(column, @model)
-      end
-
-      # @!endgroup
-      # @!group CASE
-
-      # `CASE`, in either shape: with an operand each `when` is compared
-      # against, or without one, each `when` carrying its own condition.
-      # `case` is a keyword, so this one is reached as `self.case`; the
-      # shorthands `:age.when(...)` and {#case_when} need no receiver.
-      # @return [AST::Case]
-      # @example
-      #   self.case(:age).when(10).then(1).else(0)
-      #   self.case.when { :age >= 60 }.then { :age - 60 }
-      def case(operand = nil)
-        AST::Case.new(operand)
-      end
-
-      # The searched `CASE`, started at its first `when`: each `when` is a
-      # condition, as a value or a block, and `then` and `else` give the
-      # values.
-      # @return [AST::Case::When]
-      # @example
-      #   Author.select { case_when { :age >= 60 }.then("senior").else("adult").as(:band) }
-      #   Author.select { sum(case_when { :age >= 60 }.then(1).else(0)).as(:seniors) }
-      def case_when(value = nil, &block)
-        AST::Case.new.when(value, &block)
-      end
-
-      private
-        # @!endgroup
-        #
-        # The group closes here rather than above `private`: a comment on
-        # that line belongs to the `private` call, which reads no
-        # directives, and the group would run on into the next module.
-        #
-        # SQLite is the one adapter with no quantifier at all, and what it says
-        # when it meets one is a syntax error at the SELECT.
-        def quantified(kind, relation)
-          unless dialect.quantifiers_supported?
-            raise NotImplementedError,
-              "#{kind} has no equivalent on #{@model.connection_db_config.adapter}"
-          end
-          AST::Quantified.new(kind, relation)
-        end
-
-        def grouping(kind, sets)
-          node = AST::GroupingSets.new(kind, sets)
-          return node if dialect.grouping_supported?(kind)
-
-          raise NotImplementedError,
-            "#{kind} has no equivalent on #{@model.connection_db_config.adapter}"
-        end
-
-        def dialect
-          @dialect ||= Dialect.for(@model)
-        end
-    end
-
-    # The relation methods a block reaches, prepended to Active Record's
-    # own: `where`, `select`, `having`, `order` and `group` take a block
-    # beside what they take already, the joins take one for the ON, and
-    # `from`, `from_cte`, `distinct_on` and `lateral` are here for what
-    # Active Record has no spelling for.  Without a block each is Active
-    # Record's own.
-    #
-    # @example
-    #   Author.
-    #     joins(:posts) { :posts[:author_id] == :authors[:id] }.
-    #     where { :posts[:published] == true }.
-    #     group { :authors[:id] }.
-    #     having { count(:posts[:id]) > 1 }.
-    #     order { count(:posts[:id]).desc }.
-    #     select { [:name, count(:posts[:id]).as(:post_count)] }
-    module QueryMethods
-      # `WHERE`, from a block: a condition built with the comparisons of
-      # {BlockSyntax}, combined with `&`, `|` and `!`.
-      # @yieldreturn [AST::Predicate]
-      # @example
-      #   Author.where { :age >= 18 & :country.in?(%w[JP US]) }
-      #   Author.where { !:name.like?("A%") }
-      def where(opts = nil, *rest, &block)
-        if block
-          super(to_arel_condition(evaluate_block(&block)))
-        else
-          super
-        end
-      end
-
-      # `SELECT`, from a block: an expression, or an array of them, each
-      # aliased with `as` or left to its own name.
-      # @yieldreturn [Symbol, AST::Node, Array<Symbol, AST::Node>]
-      # @example
-      #   Author.select { [:name, upper(:name).as(:shouted), count(:*).as(:n)] }
-      def select(*fields, &block)
-        if block
-          super(*to_arel_fields(evaluate_block(&block)), &nil)
-        else
-          super
-        end
-      end
-
-      # `HAVING`, from a block: a condition over the aggregates of a group.
-      # @yieldreturn [AST::Predicate]
-      # @example
-      #   Author.group { :country }.having { count(:*) > 1 }
-      def having(opts = nil, *rest, &block)
-        if block
-          super(to_arel_condition(evaluate_block(&block)))
-        else
-          super
-        end
-      end
-
-      # `ORDER BY`, from a block: an ordering, or an array of them --
-      # `:age.desc`, `count(:*).desc.nulls_last`, or a bare column.
-      # @yieldreturn [Symbol, AST::Node, Array<Symbol, AST::Node>]
-      # @example
-      #   Author.order { [:country.asc.nulls_last, :age.desc] }
-      def order(*args, &block)
-        if block
-          super(*to_arel_fields(evaluate_block(&block)), &nil)
-        else
-          super
-        end
-      end
-
-      # `GROUP BY`, from a block: a column or an expression, an array of
-      # them, or one of {BlockContext#grouping_sets}, {BlockContext#rollup}
-      # and {BlockContext#cube}.
-      # @yieldreturn [Symbol, AST::Node, Array<Symbol, AST::Node>]
-      # @example
-      #   Post.group { date_trunc("day", :created_at) }.select { [date_trunc("day", :created_at).as(:day), count(:*)] }
-      def group(*args, &block)
-        if block
-          result = evaluate_block(&block)
-          check_rollup_stands_alone(result)
-          super(*to_arel_fields(result), &nil)
-        else
-          super
-        end
-      end
-
-      # `FROM`, with a table named as a symbol and, with `as:`, selected
-      # under another name; anything else is Active Record's own `from`.
-      # @param value [Symbol, String, ActiveRecord::Relation]
-      # @param as [Symbol, nil] the name the table is selected under
-      # @example
-      #   Post.from(:archived_posts, as: :posts)
-      #
-      # A symbol names a table, which Active Record's own from only takes as
-      # a string.  With `as` it is selected under another name; when that
-      # name is the model's own, from_cte says the same thing without
-      # repeating it.
-      def from(value, subquery_name = nil, as: nil)
-        unless value.is_a?(Symbol)
-          if as
-            raise ArgumentError, "as: needs the table named as a symbol"
-          end
-          return super(value, subquery_name)
-        end
-        arel_table = Arel::Table.new(value)
-        arel_table = arel_table.alias(as) if as
-        super(arel_table, subquery_name)
-      end
-
-      # Selects a CTE in place of the model's own table, under the model's
-      # own name, so that the columns Active Record qualifies still resolve.
-      # The name has to be one `with` or `with_recursive` declares.
-      # @param name [Symbol] the CTE's name
-      # @example
-      #   Node.with_recursive(tree: [Node.where { :id == 1 }, Node.joins(...)]).from_cte(:tree)
-      #
-      # The alias is not a choice -- Active Record keeps qualifying columns
-      # with the table name, so the model's is the only name that works --
-      # which is why it is taken from the model rather than asked for.
-      # The name is checked against what `with` declares, so that a typo is
-      # not a query against a table nobody has.  Checked when the SQL is
-      # built, since the CTE may be declared after this in the chain, or by a
-      # scope merged into it.
-      def from_cte(name)
-        unless name.is_a?(Symbol)
-          raise ArgumentError, "from_cte takes the CTE's name as a symbol"
-        end
-        relation = from(name, as: klass.table_name)
-        relation.from_cte_value = name
-        relation
-      end
-
-      # @private
-      def from_cte_value
-        @values[:from_cte]
-      end
-
-      # @private
-      def from_cte_value=(name)
-        assert_modifiable!
-        @values[:from_cte] = name
-      end
-
-      # `SELECT DISTINCT ON (columns)`: the first row of each group the
-      # order brings up.  PostgreSQL has it; the portable shape is a
-      # `row_number` window in a subquery.
-      # @param columns [Array<Symbol>] the columns, unless a block gives them
-      # @example
-      #   Post.distinct_on { :author_id }.order { [:author_id, :likes.desc] }
-      #
-      # Arel carries the node and refuses to write it elsewhere, the way it
-      # does a regexp, so there is nothing for this to check.
-      def distinct_on(*columns, &block)
-        spawn.distinct_on!(*columns, &block)
-      end
-
-      # {#distinct_on} on the relation itself.
-      def distinct_on!(*columns, &block)
-        columns = Array(evaluate_block(&block)) if block
-        if columns.empty?
-          raise ArgumentError, "distinct_on needs a column or an expression"
-        end
-        self.distinct_on_values += columns
-        self
-      end
-
-      # Active Record generates these for the values it knows about; this one
-      # is ours, and lives in the same place so that it survives a spawn.
-      # @private
-      def distinct_on_values
-        @values.fetch(:distinct_on, ActiveRecord::QueryMethods::FROZEN_EMPTY_ARRAY)
-      end
-
-      # @private
-      def distinct_on_values=(columns)
-        assert_modifiable!
-        @values[:distinct_on] = columns
-      end
-
-      # Marks the relation for a `LATERAL` join, which lets the subquery see
-      # the row it is joined to -- the top few rows of each group, and the
-      # like.  Said on the relation, since in SQL the keyword modifies the
-      # subquery rather than the join.  SQLite and MariaDB have none.
-      # @example
-      #   top = Post.where { :posts[:author_id] == :authors[:id] }.order { :likes.desc }.limit(1)
-      #   Author.left_outer_joins(top.lateral, as: :top) { true }.select { [:name, :top[:title]] }
-      def lateral
-        spawn.lateral!
-      end
-
-      # {#lateral} on the relation itself.
-      def lateral!
-        self.lateral_value = true
-        self
-      end
-
-      # @private
-      def lateral_value
-        @values[:lateral]
-      end
-
-      # @private
-      def lateral_value=(value)
-        assert_modifiable!
-        @values[:lateral] = value
-      end
-
-      # `INNER JOIN`, with the `ON` from a block: `joins(:posts) { ... }`
-      # joins the table named, `joins(relation) { ... }` a subquery -- a
-      # lateral one when the relation is marked {#lateral}.  `as:` names the
-      # table within the query, which is what makes a self join expressible.
-      # Without a block it is Active Record's own `joins`.
-      # @param as [Symbol, nil]
-      # @example
-      #   Author.joins(:posts) { :posts[:author_id] == :authors[:id] }
-      #   Employee.joins(:employees, as: :managers) { :managers[:id] == :employees[:manager_id] }
-      def joins(*args, as: nil, &block)
-        if args.first.is_a?(ActiveRecord::Relation)
-          super(build_lateral_join(args.first, Arel::Nodes::InnerJoin, as, &block))
-        elsif block
-          super(build_join_node(args.first, Arel::Nodes::InnerJoin, as, &block))
-        else
-          reject_join_alias(as)
-          super(*args, &block)
-        end
-      end
-
-      # `LEFT OUTER JOIN`, as {#joins} takes it.
-      # @param as [Symbol, nil]
-      # @example
-      #   Author.left_outer_joins(:posts) { :posts[:author_id] == :authors[:id] }
-      def left_outer_joins(*args, as: nil, &block)
-        if args.first.is_a?(ActiveRecord::Relation)
-          joins(build_lateral_join(args.first, Arel::Nodes::OuterJoin, as, &block))
-        elsif block
-          joins(build_join_node(args.first, Arel::Nodes::OuterJoin, as, &block))
-        else
-          reject_join_alias(as)
-          super(*args, &block)
-        end
-      end
-
-      # `RIGHT OUTER JOIN`, as {#joins} takes it, of a table or a relation;
-      # an association name is not among what it takes.
-      # @param as [Symbol, nil]
-      # @example
-      #   Post.right_outer_joins(:authors) { :posts[:author_id] == :authors[:id] }
-      #
-      # The other two outer joins, which Active Record has no method for and
-      # Arel has the nodes for.  The rules are joins': the block is the ON,
-      # `as` names the table within the query, a relation marked `lateral`
-      # joins as one.  An association name is not among them -- what Active
-      # Record reads out of one is an inner or a left join and nothing else.
-      def right_outer_joins(*args, as: nil, &block)
-        outer_joins(:right_outer_joins, Arel::Nodes::RightOuterJoin,
-                    args, as, &block)
-      end
-
-      # `FULL OUTER JOIN`, as {#right_outer_joins} takes it.  The MySQL
-      # family has none.
-      # @param as [Symbol, nil]
-      def full_outer_joins(*args, as: nil, &block)
-        check_full_outer_support
-        outer_joins(:full_outer_joins, Arel::Nodes::FullOuterJoin,
-                    args, as, &block)
-      end
-
-      # `CROSS JOIN`: every row of one table against every row of the
-      # other, so there is no condition to give and no block to write it in.
-      # @param as [Symbol, nil]
-      # @example
-      #   Post.cross_joins(:authors)
-      #   Post.cross_joins(:posts, as: :others)
-      def cross_joins(*args, as: nil, &block)
-        if block
-          raise ArgumentError,
-            "a cross join has no condition; joins is the one that takes a block"
-        end
-        joins(build_cross_join(args.first, as))
-      end
-
-      private
-        def build_arel(...)
-          check_from_cte
-          arel = super
-          unless distinct_on_values.empty?
-            arel.distinct_on(distinct_on_values.map { |column| to_arel_field(column) })
-          end
-          arel
-        end
-
-        # Only when every `with` is one this can read the names out of; anything
-        # else and there is nothing to be sure about, so nothing is said.
-        def check_from_cte
-          name = from_cte_value
-          return unless name
-          return unless with_values.all? { |value| value.is_a?(::Hash) }
-
-          declared = with_values.flat_map { |value| value.keys.map(&:to_sym) }
-          return if declared.include?(name)
-
-          raise ArgumentError,
-            "from_cte(#{name.inspect}) names no CTE; " +
-            (declared.empty? ? "this query declares none" :
-                               "this query declares #{declared.map(&:inspect).join(', ')}")
-        end
-
-        def evaluate_block(&block)
-          refined_block = block.refined(ActiveRecord::Refined::BlockSyntax)
-          BlockContext.new(klass).instance_exec(&refined_block)
-        end
-
-        # WITH ROLLUP trails the whole group list, so on the MySQL family a
-        # rollup cannot stand beside other group entries the way PostgreSQL's
-        # ROLLUP(...) can.
-        def check_rollup_stands_alone(result)
-          entries = Array(result)
-          return if entries.size == 1
-          return unless entries.any? { |node| node.is_a?(AST::GroupingSets) }
-          return unless Dialect.for(klass).grouping_by_with_rollup?
-
-          raise ArgumentError,
-            "WITH ROLLUP takes the whole group list; group by the rollup alone"
-        end
-
-        def to_arel_condition(result)
-          return result if result.is_a?(Arel::Nodes::SqlLiteral)
-          if result.is_a?(::String)
-            raise ArgumentError,
-              "#{result.inspect} is a string, not a condition; sql(...) " \
-              "writes one as SQL"
-          end
-          result.to_arel(table, klass)
-        end
-
-        # The top of a select, order or group list.  A bare string is refused
-        # rather than passed to Active Record, where it would be SQL: inside a
-        # block a string is a value in every other position, and a literal
-        # whose meaning turns on where it stands is how an interpolation
-        # becomes an injection.
-        def to_arel_fields(result)
-          fields =
-            if result.nil? then []
-            elsif result.is_a?(::Array) then result
-            else [result]
-            end
-          fields.map do |node|
-            if node.is_a?(::String) && !node.is_a?(Arel::Nodes::SqlLiteral)
-              raise ArgumentError,
-                "#{node.inspect} could mean SQL or a string; " \
-                "sql(...) says the SQL, value(...) the string"
-            end
-            to_arel_field(node)
-          end
-        end
-
-        def to_arel_field(node)
-          case node
-          when AST::Sql then node.field_arel(klass)
-          when AST::Node then node.to_arel(table, klass)
-          when Symbol then table[node]
-          else node
-          end
-        end
-
-        def reject_join_alias(alias_name)
-          return unless alias_name
-          raise ArgumentError, "as: needs a block to write the ON clause with"
-        end
-
-        # The subquery is written out rather than handed over as a tree: Arel has
-        # a LATERAL node but only PostgreSQL's visitor writes it, and MySQL can
-        # read what it will not write.  Without a block the join is ON TRUE,
-        # which is the usual shape -- what the subquery is allowed to see is
-        # what makes it lateral, and that is said inside it.
-        def build_lateral_join(relation, join_class, alias_name, &block)
-          unless relation.lateral_value
-            raise ArgumentError,
-              "a relation joins laterally; mark it: joins(sub.lateral, as: :top)"
-          end
-          unless alias_name
-            raise ArgumentError, "a lateral join needs a name: joins(..., as: :top)"
-          end
-          check_lateral_support
-
-          aliased = Arel::Nodes::TableAlias.new(
-            Arel::Nodes::SqlLiteral.new("LATERAL (#{relation.to_sql})"), alias_name)
-          on = block ? evaluate_block(&block).to_arel(table, klass) : Arel::Nodes::True.new
-          join_class.new(aliased, Arel::Nodes::On.new(on))
-        end
-
-        def check_lateral_support
-          Dialect.for(klass).check_lateral(klass)
-        end
-
-        def check_full_outer_support
-          return if Dialect.for(klass).full_outer_join_supported?
-          raise NotImplementedError, "a full outer join has no equivalent on MySQL"
-        end
-
-        def outer_joins(called, join_class, args, alias_name, &block)
-          if args.first.is_a?(ActiveRecord::Relation)
-            return joins(build_lateral_join(args.first, join_class, alias_name, &block))
-          end
-          return joins(build_join_node(args.first, join_class, alias_name, &block)) if block
-
-          raise ArgumentError,
-            "#{called} takes a table and the block that joins it; an association " \
-            "is what joins and left_outer_joins read"
-        end
-
-        # Arel has a node for every other join and none for this one, and INNER
-        # JOIN with no ON -- which is a cross join on SQLite and MySQL -- is a
-        # syntax error on PostgreSQL.  So the SQL is written here, the second
-        # place in the gem that writes any: the keyword is fixed and the names
-        # are quoted by the adapter, so nothing of the caller's is in it.
-        def build_cross_join(target_table, alias_name)
-          joined = klass.with_connection do |connection|
-            name = connection.quote_table_name(target_table.to_s)
-            alias_name ? "#{name} #{connection.quote_table_name(alias_name.to_s)}" : name
-          end
-          Arel::Nodes::StringJoin.new(Arel.sql("CROSS JOIN #{joined}"))
-        end
-
-        def build_join_node(target_table, join_class, alias_name, &block)
-          ast = evaluate_block(&block)
-          arel_table = Arel::Table.new(target_table)
-          arel_table = arel_table.alias(alias_name) if alias_name
-          join_class.new(arel_table, Arel::Nodes::On.new(ast.to_arel(table, klass)))
-        end
-    end
-
-    # The writing statements, which live on Relation rather than in
-    # QueryMethods.  What a block adds here is the one thing their arguments
-    # cannot carry: a value worked out from the row rather than given.
-    module Writes
-      # `UPDATE`, from a block that gives a hash of column to value, where a
-      # value may be an expression built from the row: `{ likes: :likes + 1 }`.
-      # Without a block it is Active Record's own, where `likes: :likes`
-      # sets the column to the symbol.
-      # @yieldreturn [Hash{Symbol => Object}]
-      # @example
-      #   Post.where { :published == true }.update_all { { likes: :likes + 1 } }
-      #   Post.update_all { { title: upper(:title) } }
-      def update_all(updates = nil, &block)
-        return super(updates) unless block
-        if updates
-          raise ArgumentError, "update_all takes updates or a block, not both"
-        end
-        result = evaluate_block(&block)
-        unless result.is_a?(::Hash)
-          raise ArgumentError, "the block gives update_all a hash of column => value"
-        end
-        super(result.transform_values { |value| to_arel_field(value) })
-      end
-
-      # `INSERT ... ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE`, with a block for what happens to
-      # a row that is already there: a hash of column to value, where
-      # {BlockContext#excluded} is the row that could not be inserted.  Takes
-      # the block or `on_duplicate:`, not both.
-      # @yieldreturn [Hash{Symbol => Object}]
-      # @example
-      #   Tally.upsert_all(rows, unique_by: :page) { { hits: :hits + excluded(:hits) } }
-      #
-      # upsert_all's on_duplicate takes SQL text and nothing else, so this is
-      # the one place the DSL writes the SQL out itself rather than handing
-      # Arel a tree.
-      def upsert_all(attributes, **options, &block)
-        return super(attributes, **options) unless block
-        if options.key?(:on_duplicate)
-          raise ArgumentError, "upsert_all takes on_duplicate: or a block, not both"
-        end
-        result = evaluate_block(&block)
-        unless result.is_a?(::Hash)
-          raise ArgumentError, "the block gives upsert_all a hash of column => value"
-        end
-        if result.empty?
-          raise ArgumentError, "the block gives upsert_all at least one column to set"
-        end
-        super(attributes, on_duplicate: Arel.sql(set_clause(result)), **options)
-      end
-
-      private
-        # The left of each assignment is the column being written, which is bare
-        # -- the statement is already about one table -- and the right is the
-        # expression, compiled here because a string is what on_duplicate reads.
-        def set_clause(updates)
-          klass.with_connection do |connection|
-            updates.map do |column, value|
-              expression = connection.visitor.compile(
-                to_arel_field(value), Arel::Collectors::SQLString.new)
-              "#{connection.quote_column_name(column)}=#{expression}"
-            end.join(", ")
-          end
-        end
-    end
-  end
-end
+require "active_record/refined/version"
+require "active_record/refined/ast"
+require "active_record/refined/dialect"
+require "active_record/refined/block_syntax"
+require "active_record/refined/block_context"
+require "active_record/refined/query_methods"
+require "active_record/refined/writes"