activerecord-redshift-adapter 0.9.10 → 8.0.0.beta1

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/redshift_adapter.rb

@@ -1,1286 +1,17 @@
-require 'active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/blank'
-require 'active_record/connection_adapters/statement_pool'
-require 'arel/visitors/bind_visitor'
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 
-# Make sure we're using pg high enough for PGResult#values
-gem 'pg', '~> 0.11'
 require 'pg'
 
-module ActiveRecord
-  class Base
-    # Establishes a connection to the database that's used by all Active Record objects
-    def self.redshift_connection(config) # :nodoc:
-      config = config.symbolize_keys
-      host     = config[:host]
-      port     = config[:port] || 5432
-      username = config[:username].to_s if config[:username]
-      password = config[:password].to_s if config[:password]
-
-      if config.key?(:database)
-        database = config[:database]
-      else
-        raise ArgumentError, "No database specified. Missing argument: database."
-      end
-
-      # The postgres drivers don't allow the creation of an unconnected PGconn object,
-      # so just pass a nil connection object for the time being.
-      ConnectionAdapters::RedshiftAdapter.new(nil, logger, [host, port, nil, nil, database, username, password], config)
-    end
-  end
-
-  module ConnectionAdapters
-    # Redshift-specific extensions to column definitions in a table.
-    class RedshiftColumn < Column #:nodoc:
-      attr_accessor :timezone
-      # Instantiates a new Redshift column definition in a table.
-      def initialize(name, default, sql_type = nil, null = true, timezone = nil)
-        self.timezone = timezone
-        super(name, self.class.extract_value_from_default(default), sql_type, null)
-      end
-
-      def ==(other)
-        name == other.name && default == other.default && sql_type == other.sql_type && null == other.null
-      end
-
-      def type_cast(value)
-        return nil if value.nil?
-        return coder.load(value) if encoded?
-
-        if timezone && [:datetime, :timestamp].include?(type)
-          self.class.string_to_time_with_timezone(string, timezone)
-        else
-          super
-        end
-      end
-
-      def type_cast_code(var_name)
-        if timezone && [:datetime, :timestamp].include?(type)
-          "#{self.class.name}.string_to_time_with_timezone(#{var_name},'#{timezone}')"
-        else
-          super
-        end
-      end
-
-      # :stopdoc:
-      class << self
-        attr_accessor :money_precision
-        def string_to_time(string)
-          return string unless String === string
-
-          case string
-          when 'infinity'  then 1.0 / 0.0
-          when '-infinity' then -1.0 / 0.0
-          else
-            super
-          end
-        end
-
-        def string_to_time_with_timezone(string, timezone)
-          if string =~ self::Format::ISO_DATETIME
-            Time.parse("#{string} #{timezone}")
-          else
-            string_to_time(string)
-          end
-        end
-      end
-      # :startdoc:
-
-      private
-        def extract_limit(sql_type)
-          case sql_type
-          when /^bigint/i;    8
-          when /^smallint/i;  2
-          else super
-          end
-        end
-
-        # Extracts the scale from Redshift-specific data types.
-        def extract_scale(sql_type)
-          # Money type has a fixed scale of 2.
-          sql_type =~ /^money/ ? 2 : super
-        end
-
-        # Extracts the precision from Redshift-specific data types.
-        def extract_precision(sql_type)
-          if sql_type == 'money'
-            self.class.money_precision
-          else
-            super
-          end
-        end
-
-        # Maps Redshift-specific data types to logical Rails types.
-        def simplified_type(field_type)
-          case field_type
-            # Numeric and monetary types
-            when /^(?:real|double precision)$/
-              :float
-            # Monetary types
-            when 'money'
-              :decimal
-            # Character types
-            when /^(?:character varying|bpchar)(?:\(\d+\))?$/
-              :string
-            # Binary data types
-            when 'bytea'
-              :binary
-            # Date/time types
-            when /^timestamp with(?:out)? time zone$/
-              :datetime
-            when 'interval'
-              :string
-            # Geometric types
-            when /^(?:point|line|lseg|box|"?path"?|polygon|circle)$/
-              :string
-            # Network address types
-            when /^(?:cidr|inet|macaddr)$/
-              :string
-            # Bit strings
-            when /^bit(?: varying)?(?:\(\d+\))?$/
-              :string
-            # XML type
-            when 'xml'
-              :xml
-            # tsvector type
-            when 'tsvector'
-              :tsvector
-            # Arrays
-            when /^\D+\[\]$/
-              :string
-            # Object identifier types
-            when 'oid'
-              :integer
-            # UUID type
-            when 'uuid'
-              :string
-            # Small and big integer types
-            when /^(?:small|big)int$/
-              :integer
-            # Pass through all types that are not specific to Redshift.
-            else
-              super
-          end
-        end
-
-        # Extracts the value from a Redshift column default definition.
-        def self.extract_value_from_default(default)
-          case default
-            # This is a performance optimization for Ruby 1.9.2 in development.
-            # If the value is nil, we return nil straight away without checking
-            # the regular expressions. If we check each regular expression,
-            # Regexp#=== will call NilClass#to_str, which will trigger
-            # method_missing (defined by whiny nil in ActiveSupport) which
-            # makes this method very very slow.
-            when NilClass
-              nil
-            # Numeric types
-            when /\A\(?(-?\d+(\.\d*)?\)?)\z/
-              $1
-            # Character types
-            when /\A\(?'(.*)'::.*\b(?:character varying|bpchar|text)\z/m
-              $1
-            # Binary data types
-            when /\A'(.*)'::bytea\z/m
-              $1
-            # Date/time types
-            when /\A'(.+)'::(?:time(?:stamp)? with(?:out)? time zone|date)\z/
-              $1
-            when /\A'(.*)'::interval\z/
-              $1
-            # Boolean type
-            when 'true'
-              true
-            when 'false'
-              false
-            # Geometric types
-            when /\A'(.*)'::(?:point|line|lseg|box|"?path"?|polygon|circle)\z/
-              $1
-            # Network address types
-            when /\A'(.*)'::(?:cidr|inet|macaddr)\z/
-              $1
-            # Bit string types
-            when /\AB'(.*)'::"?bit(?: varying)?"?\z/
-              $1
-            # XML type
-            when /\A'(.*)'::xml\z/m
-              $1
-            # Arrays
-            when /\A'(.*)'::"?\D+"?\[\]\z/
-              $1
-            # Object identifier types
-            when /\A-?\d+\z/
-              $1
-            else
-              # Anything else is blank, some user type, or some function
-              # and we can't know the value of that, so return nil.
-              nil
-          end
-        end
-    end
-
-    # The Redshift adapter works both with the native C (http://ruby.scripting.ca/postgres/) and the pure
-    # Ruby (available both as gem and from http://rubyforge.org/frs/?group_id=234&release_id=1944) drivers.
-    #
-    # Options:
-    #
-    # * <tt>:host</tt> - Defaults to "localhost".
-    # * <tt>:port</tt> - Defaults to 5432.
-    # * <tt>:username</tt> - Defaults to nothing.
-    # * <tt>:password</tt> - Defaults to nothing.
-    # * <tt>:database</tt> - The name of the database. No default, must be provided.
-    # * <tt>:schema_search_path</tt> - An optional schema search path for the connection given
-    #   as a string of comma-separated schema names. This is backward-compatible with the <tt>:schema_order</tt> option.
-    # * <tt>:encoding</tt> - An optional client encoding that is used in a <tt>SET client_encoding TO
-    #   <encoding></tt> call on the connection.
-    class RedshiftAdapter < AbstractAdapter
-      class TableDefinition < ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::TableDefinition
-        def xml(*args)
-          options = args.extract_options!
-          column(args[0], 'xml', options)
-        end
-
-        def tsvector(*args)
-          options = args.extract_options!
-          column(args[0], 'tsvector', options)
-        end
-      end
-
-      ADAPTER_NAME = 'Redshift'
-
-      NATIVE_DATABASE_TYPES = {
-        :primary_key => "bigint primary key",
-        :identity    => "bigint identity primary key",
-        :string      => { :name => "character varying", :limit => 255 },
-        :text        => { :name => "text" },
-        :integer     => { :name => "integer" },
-        :float       => { :name => "float" },
-        :decimal     => { :name => "decimal" },
-        :datetime    => { :name => "timestamp" },
-        :timestamp   => { :name => "timestamp" },
-        :time        => { :name => "time" },
-        :date        => { :name => "date" },
-        :binary      => { :name => "bytea" },
-        :boolean     => { :name => "boolean" },
-        :xml         => { :name => "xml" },
-        :tsvector    => { :name => "tsvector" }
-      }
-
-      # Returns 'Redshift' as adapter name for identification purposes.
-      def adapter_name
-        ADAPTER_NAME
-      end
-
-      # Returns +true+, since this connection adapter supports prepared statement
-      # caching.
-      def supports_statement_cache?
-        true
-      end
-
-      def supports_index_sort_order?
-        true
-      end
-
-      class StatementPool < ConnectionAdapters::StatementPool
-        def initialize(connection, max)
-          super
-          @counter = 0
-          @cache   = Hash.new { |h,pid| h[pid] = {} }
-        end
-
-        def each(&block); cache.each(&block); end
-        def key?(key);    cache.key?(key); end
-        def [](key);      cache[key]; end
-        def length;       cache.length; end
-
-        def next_key
-          "a#{@counter + 1}"
-        end
-
-        def []=(sql, key)
-          while @max <= cache.size
-            dealloc(cache.shift.last)
-          end
-          @counter += 1
-          cache[sql] = key
-        end
-
-        def clear
-          cache.each_value do |stmt_key|
-            dealloc stmt_key
-          end
-          cache.clear
-        end
-
-        def delete(sql_key)
-          dealloc cache[sql_key]
-          cache.delete sql_key
-        end
-
-        private
-        def cache
-          @cache[$$]
-        end
-
-        def dealloc(key)
-          @connection.query "DEALLOCATE #{key}" if connection_active?
-        end
-
-        def connection_active?
-          @connection.status == PGconn::CONNECTION_OK
-        rescue PGError
-          false
-        end
-      end
-
-      class BindSubstitution < Arel::Visitors::PostgreSQL # :nodoc:
-        include Arel::Visitors::BindVisitor
-      end
-
-      # Initializes and connects a Redshift adapter.
-      def initialize(connection, logger, connection_parameters, config)
-        super(connection, logger)
-
-        if config.fetch(:prepared_statements) { true }
-          @visitor = Arel::Visitors::PostgreSQL.new self
-        else
-          @visitor = BindSubstitution.new self
-        end
-
-        connection_parameters.delete :prepared_statements
-
-        @connection_parameters, @config = connection_parameters, config
-
-        # @local_tz is initialized as nil to avoid warnings when connect tries to use it
-        @local_tz = nil
-        @table_alias_length = nil
-
-        connect
-        @statements = StatementPool.new @connection,
-                                        config.fetch(:statement_limit) { 1000 }
-
-        if redshift_version < 80002
-          raise "Your version of Redshift (#{redshift_version}) is too old, please upgrade!"
-        end
-
-        @local_tz = execute('SHOW TIME ZONE', 'SCHEMA').first["TimeZone"]
-      end
-
-      # Clears the prepared statements cache.
-      def clear_cache!
-        @statements.clear
-      end
-
-      # Is this connection alive and ready for queries?
-      def active?
-        @connection.query 'SELECT 1'
-        true
-      rescue PGError
-        false
-      end
-
-      # Close then reopen the connection.
-      def reconnect!
-        clear_cache!
-        @connection.reset
-        @open_transactions = 0
-        configure_connection
-      end
-
-      def reset!
-        clear_cache!
-        super
-      end
-
-      # Disconnects from the database if already connected. Otherwise, this
-      # method does nothing.
-      def disconnect!
-        clear_cache!
-        @connection.close rescue nil
-      end
-
-      def native_database_types #:nodoc:
-        NATIVE_DATABASE_TYPES
-      end
-
-      # Returns true, since this connection adapter supports migrations.
-      def supports_migrations?
-        true
-      end
-
-      # Does Redshift support finding primary key on non-Active Record tables?
-      def supports_primary_key? #:nodoc:
-        true
-      end
-
-      def supports_insert_with_returning?
-        false
-      end
-
-      def supports_ddl_transactions?
-        true
-      end
-
-      # Returns true, since this connection adapter supports savepoints.
-      def supports_savepoints?
-        true
-      end
-
-      # Returns true.
-      def supports_explain?
-        true
-      end
-
-      # Returns the configured supported identifier length supported by Redshift
-      def table_alias_length
-        @table_alias_length ||= query('SHOW max_identifier_length')[0][0].to_i
-      end
-
-      # QUOTING ==================================================
-
-      # Escapes binary strings for bytea input to the database.
-      def escape_bytea(value)
-        @connection.escape_bytea(value) if value
-      end
-
-      # Unescapes bytea output from a database to the binary string it represents.
-      # NOTE: This is NOT an inverse of escape_bytea! This is only to be used
-      #       on escaped binary output from database drive.
-      def unescape_bytea(value)
-        @connection.unescape_bytea(value) if value
-      end
-
-      # Quotes Redshift-specific data types for SQL input.
-      def quote(value, column = nil) #:nodoc:
-        return super unless column
-
-        case value
-        when Float
-          return super unless value.infinite? && column.type == :datetime
-          "'#{value.to_s.downcase}'"
-        when Numeric
-          return super unless column.sql_type == 'money'
-          # Not truly string input, so doesn't require (or allow) escape string syntax.
-          "'#{value}'"
-        when String
-          case column.sql_type
-          when 'bytea' then "'#{escape_bytea(value)}'"
-          when 'xml'   then "xml '#{quote_string(value)}'"
-          when /^bit/
-            case value
-            when /^[01]*$/      then "B'#{value}'" # Bit-string notation
-            when /^[0-9A-F]*$/i then "X'#{value}'" # Hexadecimal notation
-            end
-          else
-            super
-          end
-        else
-          super
-        end
-      end
-
-      def type_cast(value, column)
-        return super unless column
-
-        case value
-        when String
-          return super unless 'bytea' == column.sql_type
-          { :value => value, :format => 1 }
-        else
-          super
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Quotes strings for use in SQL input.
-      def quote_string(s) #:nodoc:
-        @connection.escape(s)
-      end
-
-      # Checks the following cases:
-      #
-      # - table_name
-      # - "table.name"
-      # - schema_name.table_name
-      # - schema_name."table.name"
-      # - "schema.name".table_name
-      # - "schema.name"."table.name"
-      def quote_table_name(name)
-        schema, name_part = extract_pg_identifier_from_name(name.to_s)
-
-        unless name_part
-          quote_column_name(schema)
-        else
-          table_name, name_part = extract_pg_identifier_from_name(name_part)
-          "#{quote_column_name(schema)}.#{quote_column_name(table_name)}"
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Quotes column names for use in SQL queries.
-      def quote_column_name(name) #:nodoc:
-        PGconn.quote_ident(name.to_s)
-      end
-
-      # Quote date/time values for use in SQL input. Includes microseconds
-      # if the value is a Time responding to usec.
-      def quoted_date(value) #:nodoc:
-        if value.acts_like?(:time) && value.respond_to?(:usec)
-          "#{super}.#{sprintf("%06d", value.usec)}"
-        else
-          super
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Set the authorized user for this session
-      def session_auth=(user)
-        clear_cache!
-        exec_query "SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION #{user}"
-      end
-
-      # REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY ====================================
-
-      def supports_disable_referential_integrity? #:nodoc:
-        false
-      end
-
-      def disable_referential_integrity #:nodoc:
-        if supports_disable_referential_integrity? then
-          execute(tables.collect { |name| "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(name)} DISABLE TRIGGER ALL" }.join(";"))
-        end
-        yield
-      ensure
-        if supports_disable_referential_integrity? then
-          execute(tables.collect { |name| "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(name)} ENABLE TRIGGER ALL" }.join(";"))
-        end
-      end
-
-      # DATABASE STATEMENTS ======================================
-
-      def explain(arel, binds = [])
-        sql = "EXPLAIN #{to_sql(arel, binds)}"
-        ExplainPrettyPrinter.new.pp(exec_query(sql, 'EXPLAIN', binds))
-      end
-
-      class ExplainPrettyPrinter # :nodoc:
-        # Pretty prints the result of a EXPLAIN in a way that resembles the output of the
-        # Redshift shell:
-        #
-        #                                     QUERY PLAN
-        #   ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-        #    Nested Loop Left Join  (cost=0.00..37.24 rows=8 width=0)
-        #      Join Filter: (posts.user_id = users.id)
-        #      ->  Index Scan using users_pkey on users  (cost=0.00..8.27 rows=1 width=4)
-        #            Index Cond: (id = 1)
-        #      ->  Seq Scan on posts  (cost=0.00..28.88 rows=8 width=4)
-        #            Filter: (posts.user_id = 1)
-        #   (6 rows)
-        #
-        def pp(result)
-          header = result.columns.first
-          lines  = result.rows.map(&:first)
-
-          # We add 2 because there's one char of padding at both sides, note
-          # the extra hyphens in the example above.
-          width = [header, *lines].map(&:length).max + 2
-
-          pp = []
-
-          pp << header.center(width).rstrip
-          pp << '-' * width
-
-          pp += lines.map {|line| " #{line}"}
-
-          nrows = result.rows.length
-          rows_label = nrows == 1 ? 'row' : 'rows'
-          pp << "(#{nrows} #{rows_label})"
-
-          pp.join("\n") + "\n"
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Executes a SELECT query and returns an array of rows. Each row is an
-      # array of field values.
-      def select_rows(sql, name = nil)
-        select_raw(sql, name).last
-      end
-
-      # Executes an INSERT query and returns the new record's ID
-      def insert_sql(sql, name = nil, pk = nil, id_value = nil, sequence_name = nil)
-        unless pk
-          # Extract the table from the insert sql. Yuck.
-          table_ref = extract_table_ref_from_insert_sql(sql)
-          pk = primary_key(table_ref) if table_ref
-        end
-        
-        if pk && use_insert_returning?
-          select_value("#{sql} RETURNING #{quote_column_name(pk)}")
-        elsif pk
-          super
-          last_insert_id_value(sequence_name || default_sequence_name(table_ref, pk))
-        else
-          super
-        end
-      end
-      alias :create :insert
-
-      # create a 2D array representing the result set
-      def result_as_array(res) #:nodoc:
-        # check if we have any binary column and if they need escaping
-        ftypes = Array.new(res.nfields) do |i|
-          [i, res.ftype(i)]
-        end
-
-        rows = res.values
-        return rows unless ftypes.any? { |_, x|
-          x == BYTEA_COLUMN_TYPE_OID || x == MONEY_COLUMN_TYPE_OID
-        }
-
-        typehash = ftypes.group_by { |_, type| type }
-        binaries = typehash[BYTEA_COLUMN_TYPE_OID] || []
-        monies   = typehash[MONEY_COLUMN_TYPE_OID] || []
-
-        rows.each do |row|
-          # unescape string passed BYTEA field (OID == 17)
-          binaries.each do |index, _|
-            row[index] = unescape_bytea(row[index])
-          end
-
-          # If this is a money type column and there are any currency symbols,
-          # then strip them off. Indeed it would be prettier to do this in
-          # RedshiftColumn.string_to_decimal but would break form input
-          # fields that call value_before_type_cast.
-          monies.each do |index, _|
-            data = row[index]
-            # Because money output is formatted according to the locale, there are two
-            # cases to consider (note the decimal separators):
-            #  (1) $12,345,678.12
-            #  (2) $12.345.678,12
-            case data
-            when /^-?\D+[\d,]+\.\d{2}$/  # (1)
-              data.gsub!(/[^-\d.]/, '')
-            when /^-?\D+[\d.]+,\d{2}$/  # (2)
-              data.gsub!(/[^-\d,]/, '').sub!(/,/, '.')
-            end
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-
-      # Queries the database and returns the results in an Array-like object
-      def query(sql, name = nil) #:nodoc:
-        log(sql, name) do
-          result_as_array @connection.async_exec(sql)
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Executes an SQL statement, returning a PGresult object on success
-      # or raising a PGError exception otherwise.
-      def execute(sql, name = nil)
-        log(sql, name) do
-          @connection.async_exec(sql)
-        end
-      end
-
-      def substitute_at(column, index)
-        Arel::Nodes::BindParam.new "$#{index + 1}"
-      end
-
-      def exec_query(sql, name = 'SQL', binds = [])
-        log(sql, name, binds) do
-          result = binds.empty? ? exec_no_cache(sql, binds) :
-                                  exec_cache(sql, binds)
-
-          ret = ActiveRecord::Result.new(result.fields, result_as_array(result))
-          result.clear
-          return ret
-        end
-      end
-
-      def exec_delete(sql, name = 'SQL', binds = [])
-        log(sql, name, binds) do
-          result = binds.empty? ? exec_no_cache(sql, binds) :
-                                  exec_cache(sql, binds)
-          affected = result.cmd_tuples
-          result.clear
-          affected
-        end
-      end
-      alias :exec_update :exec_delete
-
-      def sql_for_insert(sql, pk, id_value, sequence_name, binds)
-        unless pk
-          # Extract the table from the insert sql. Yuck.
-          table_ref = extract_table_ref_from_insert_sql(sql)
-          pk = primary_key(table_ref) if table_ref
-        end
-
-        sql = "#{sql} RETURNING #{quote_column_name(pk)}" if pk && use_insert_returning?
-
-        [sql, binds]
-      end
-
-      # Executes an UPDATE query and returns the number of affected tuples.
-      def update_sql(sql, name = nil)
-        super.cmd_tuples
-      end
-
-      # Begins a transaction.
-      def begin_db_transaction
-        execute "BEGIN"
-      end
-
-      # Commits a transaction.
-      def commit_db_transaction
-        execute "COMMIT"
-      end
-
-      # Aborts a transaction.
-      def rollback_db_transaction
-        execute "ROLLBACK"
-      end
-
-      def outside_transaction?
-        @connection.transaction_status == PGconn::PQTRANS_IDLE
-      end
-
-      def create_savepoint
-        execute("SAVEPOINT #{current_savepoint_name}")
-      end
-
-      def rollback_to_savepoint
-        execute("ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT #{current_savepoint_name}")
-      end
-
-      def release_savepoint
-        execute("RELEASE SAVEPOINT #{current_savepoint_name}")
-      end
-
-      def use_insert_returning?
-        @use_insert_returning
-      end
-
-      # SCHEMA STATEMENTS ========================================
-
-      # Drops the database specified on the +name+ attribute
-      # and creates it again using the provided +options+.
-      def recreate_database(name, options = {}) #:nodoc:
-        drop_database(name)
-        create_database(name, options)
-      end
-
-      # Create a new Redshift database. Options include <tt>:owner</tt>, <tt>:template</tt>,
-      # <tt>:encoding</tt>, <tt>:tablespace</tt>, and <tt>:connection_limit</tt> (note that MySQL uses
-      # <tt>:charset</tt> while Redshift uses <tt>:encoding</tt>).
-      #
-      # Example:
-      #   create_database config[:database], config
-      #   create_database 'foo_development', :encoding => 'unicode'
-      def create_database(name, options = {})
-        options = options.reverse_merge(:encoding => "utf8")
-
-        option_string = options.symbolize_keys.sum do |key, value|
-          case key
-          when :owner
-            " OWNER = \"#{value}\""
-          when :template
-            " TEMPLATE = \"#{value}\""
-          when :encoding
-            " ENCODING = '#{value}'"
-          when :tablespace
-            " TABLESPACE = \"#{value}\""
-          when :connection_limit
-            " CONNECTION LIMIT = #{value}"
-          else
-            ""
-          end
-        end
-
-        execute "CREATE DATABASE #{quote_table_name(name)}#{option_string}"
-      end
-
-      # Drops a Redshift database.
-      #
-      # Example:
-      #   drop_database 'matt_development'
-      def drop_database(name) #:nodoc:
-        execute "DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS #{quote_table_name(name)}"
-      end
-
-      # Returns the list of all tables in the schema search path or a specified schema.
-      def tables(name = nil)
-        query(<<-SQL, 'SCHEMA').map { |row| "#{row[0]}.#{row[1]}" }
-          SELECT schemaname, tablename
-          FROM pg_tables
-          WHERE schemaname = ANY (current_schemas(false))
-        SQL
-      end
-
-      # Returns true if table exists.
-      # If the schema is not specified as part of +name+ then it will only find tables within
-      # the current schema search path (regardless of permissions to access tables in other schemas)
-      def table_exists?(name)
-        schema, table = Utils.extract_schema_and_table(name.to_s)
-        return false unless table
-
-        binds = [[nil, table]]
-        binds << [nil, schema] if schema
-
-        exec_query(<<-SQL, 'SCHEMA').rows.first[0].to_i > 0
-            SELECT COUNT(*)
-            FROM pg_class c
-            LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
-            WHERE c.relkind in ('v','r')
-            AND c.relname = '#{table.gsub(/(^"|"$)/,'')}'
-            AND n.nspname = #{schema ? "'#{schema}'" : 'ANY (current_schemas(false))'}
-        SQL
-      end
-
-      # Returns true if schema exists.
-      def schema_exists?(name)
-        exec_query(<<-SQL, 'SCHEMA').rows.first[0].to_i > 0
-          SELECT COUNT(*)
-          FROM pg_namespace
-          WHERE nspname = '#{name}'
-        SQL
-      end
-
-      # Returns an array of indexes for the given table.
-      def indexes(table_name, name = nil)
-        []
-      end
-
-      # Returns the list of all column definitions for a table.
-      def columns(table_name, name = nil)
-        # Limit, precision, and scale are all handled by the superclass.
-        column_definitions(table_name).collect do |column_name, type, default, notnull|
-          RedshiftColumn.new(column_name, default, type, notnull == 'f', @config[:read_timezone])
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Returns the current database name.
-      def current_database
-        query('select current_database()', 'SCHEMA')[0][0]
-      end
-
-      # Returns the current schema name.
-      def current_schema
-        query('SELECT current_schema', 'SCHEMA')[0][0]
-      end
-
-      # Returns the current database encoding format.
-      def encoding
-        query(<<-end_sql, 'SCHEMA')[0][0]
-          SELECT pg_encoding_to_char(pg_database.encoding) FROM pg_database
-          WHERE pg_database.datname LIKE '#{current_database}'
-        end_sql
-      end
-
-      # Sets the schema search path to a string of comma-separated schema names.
-      # Names beginning with $ have to be quoted (e.g. $user => '$user').
-      # See: http://www.redshift.org/docs/current/static/ddl-schemas.html
-      #
-      # This should be not be called manually but set in database.yml.
-      def schema_search_path=(schema_csv)
-        if schema_csv
-          execute("SET search_path TO #{schema_csv}", 'SCHEMA')
-          @schema_search_path = schema_csv
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Returns the active schema search path.
-      def schema_search_path
-        @schema_search_path ||= query('SHOW search_path', 'SCHEMA')[0][0]
-      end
-
-      # Returns the sequence name for a table's primary key or some other specified key.
-      def default_sequence_name(table_name, pk = nil) #:nodoc:
-        serial_sequence(table_name, pk || 'id').split('.').last
-      rescue ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid
-        "#{table_name}_#{pk || 'id'}_seq"
-      end
-
-      def serial_sequence(table, column)
-        result = exec_query(<<-eosql, 'SCHEMA')
-          SELECT pg_get_serial_sequence('#{table}', '#{column}')
-        eosql
-        result.rows.first.first
-      end
-
-      # Resets the sequence of a table's primary key to the maximum value.
-      def reset_pk_sequence!(table, pk = nil, sequence = nil) #:nodoc:
-        unless pk and sequence
-          default_pk, default_sequence = pk_and_sequence_for(table)
-
-          pk ||= default_pk
-          sequence ||= default_sequence
-        end
-
-        if @logger && pk && !sequence
-          @logger.warn "#{table} has primary key #{pk} with no default sequence"
-        end
-
-        if pk && sequence
-          quoted_sequence = quote_table_name(sequence)
-
-          select_value <<-end_sql, 'SCHEMA'
-            SELECT setval('#{quoted_sequence}', (SELECT COALESCE(MAX(#{quote_column_name pk})+(SELECT increment_by FROM #{quoted_sequence}), (SELECT min_value FROM #{quoted_sequence})) FROM #{quote_table_name(table)}), false)
-          end_sql
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Returns a table's primary key and belonging sequence.
-      def pk_and_sequence_for(table) #:nodoc:
-        # First try looking for a sequence with a dependency on the
-        # given table's primary key.
-        result = query(<<-end_sql, 'SCHEMA')[0]
-          SELECT attr.attname, seq.relname
-          FROM pg_class      seq,
-               pg_attribute  attr,
-               pg_depend     dep,
-               pg_namespace  name,
-               pg_constraint cons
-          WHERE seq.oid           = dep.objid
-            AND seq.relkind       = 'S'
-            AND attr.attrelid     = dep.refobjid
-            AND attr.attnum       = dep.refobjsubid
-            AND attr.attrelid     = cons.conrelid
-            AND attr.attnum       = cons.conkey[1]
-            AND cons.contype      = 'p'
-            AND dep.refobjid      = '#{quote_table_name(table)}'::regclass
-        end_sql
-
-        if result.nil? or result.empty?
-          result = query(<<-end_sql, 'SCHEMA')[0]
-            SELECT attr.attname,
-              CASE
-                WHEN split_part(pg_get_expr(def.adbin, def.adrelid), '''', 2) ~ '.' THEN
-                  substr(split_part(pg_get_expr(def.adbin, def.adrelid), '''', 2),
-                         strpos(split_part(pg_get_expr(def.adbin, def.adrelid), '''', 2), '.')+1)
-                ELSE split_part(pg_get_expr(def.adbin, def.adrelid), '''', 2)
-              END
-            FROM pg_class       t
-            JOIN pg_attribute   attr ON (t.oid = attrelid)
-            JOIN pg_attrdef     def  ON (adrelid = attrelid AND adnum = attnum)
-            JOIN pg_constraint  cons ON (conrelid = adrelid AND adnum = conkey[1])
-            WHERE t.oid = '#{quote_table_name(table)}'::regclass
-              AND cons.contype = 'p'
-              AND pg_get_expr(def.adbin, def.adrelid) ~* 'nextval'
-          end_sql
-        end
-
-        [result.first, result.last]
-      rescue
-        nil
-      end
-
-      # Returns just a table's primary key
-      def primary_key(table)
-        row = exec_query(<<-end_sql, 'SCHEMA').rows.first
-          SELECT DISTINCT(attr.attname)
-          FROM pg_attribute attr
-          INNER JOIN pg_depend dep ON attr.attrelid = dep.refobjid AND attr.attnum = dep.refobjsubid
-          INNER JOIN pg_constraint cons ON attr.attrelid = cons.conrelid AND attr.attnum = cons.conkey[1]
-          WHERE cons.contype = 'p'
-            AND dep.refobjid = '#{quote_table_name(table)}'::regclass
-        end_sql
-
-        row && row.first
-      end
-
-      # Renames a table.
-      # Also renames a table's primary key sequence if the sequence name matches the
-      # Active Record default.
-      #
-      # Example:
-      #   rename_table('octopuses', 'octopi')
-      def rename_table(name, new_name)
-        clear_cache!
-        execute "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(name)} RENAME TO #{quote_table_name(new_name)}"
-        pk, seq = pk_and_sequence_for(new_name)
-        if seq == "#{name}_#{pk}_seq"
-          new_seq = "#{new_name}_#{pk}_seq"
-          execute "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(seq)} RENAME TO #{quote_table_name(new_seq)}"
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Adds a new column to the named table.
-      # See TableDefinition#column for details of the options you can use.
-      def add_column(table_name, column_name, type, options = {})
-        clear_cache!
-        add_column_sql = "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} ADD COLUMN #{quote_column_name(column_name)} #{type_to_sql(type, options[:limit], options[:precision], options[:scale])}"
-        add_column_options!(add_column_sql, options)
-
-        execute add_column_sql
-      end
-
-      # Changes the column of a table.
-      def change_column(table_name, column_name, type, options = {})
-        clear_cache!
-        quoted_table_name = quote_table_name(table_name)
-
-        execute "ALTER TABLE #{quoted_table_name} ALTER COLUMN #{quote_column_name(column_name)} TYPE #{type_to_sql(type, options[:limit], options[:precision], options[:scale])}"
-
-        change_column_default(table_name, column_name, options[:default]) if options_include_default?(options)
-        change_column_null(table_name, column_name, options[:null], options[:default]) if options.key?(:null)
-      end
-
-      # Changes the default value of a table column.
-      def change_column_default(table_name, column_name, default)
-        clear_cache!
-        execute "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} ALTER COLUMN #{quote_column_name(column_name)} SET DEFAULT #{quote(default)}"
-      end
-
-      def change_column_null(table_name, column_name, null, default = nil)
-        clear_cache!
-        unless null || default.nil?
-          execute("UPDATE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} SET #{quote_column_name(column_name)}=#{quote(default)} WHERE #{quote_column_name(column_name)} IS NULL")
-        end
-        execute("ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} ALTER #{quote_column_name(column_name)} #{null ? 'DROP' : 'SET'} NOT NULL")
-      end
-
-      # Renames a column in a table.
-      def rename_column(table_name, column_name, new_column_name)
-        clear_cache!
-        execute "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} RENAME COLUMN #{quote_column_name(column_name)} TO #{quote_column_name(new_column_name)}"
-      end
-
-      def add_index(*)
-        # XXX nothing to do
-      end
-
-      def remove_index!(table_name, index_name) #:nodoc:
-      end
-
-      def rename_index(table_name, old_name, new_name)
-      end
-
-      def index_name_length
-        63
-      end
-
-      # Maps logical Rails types to Redshift-specific data types.
-      def type_to_sql(type, limit = nil, precision = nil, scale = nil)
-        case type.to_s
-        when 'binary'
-          # Redshift doesn't support limits on binary (bytea) columns.
-          # The hard limit is 1Gb, because of a 32-bit size field, and TOAST.
-          case limit
-          when nil, 0..0x3fffffff; super(type)
-          else raise(ActiveRecordError, "No binary type has byte size #{limit}.")
-          end
-        when 'integer'
-          return 'integer' unless limit
-
-          case limit
-            when 1, 2; 'smallint'
-            when 3, 4; 'integer'
-            when 5..8; 'bigint'
-            else raise(ActiveRecordError, "No integer type has byte size #{limit}. Use a numeric with precision 0 instead.")
-          end
-        else
-          super
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Returns a SELECT DISTINCT clause for a given set of columns and a given ORDER BY clause.
-      #
-      # Redshift requires the ORDER BY columns in the select list for distinct queries, and
-      # requires that the ORDER BY include the distinct column.
-      #
-      #   distinct("posts.id", "posts.created_at desc")
-      def distinct(columns, orders) #:nodoc:
-        return "DISTINCT #{columns}" if orders.empty?
-
-        # Construct a clean list of column names from the ORDER BY clause, removing
-        # any ASC/DESC modifiers
-        order_columns = orders.collect { |s| s.gsub(/\s+(ASC|DESC)\s*(NULLS\s+(FIRST|LAST)\s*)?/i, '') }
-        order_columns.delete_if { |c| c.blank? }
-        order_columns = order_columns.zip((0...order_columns.size).to_a).map { |s,i| "#{s} AS alias_#{i}" }
-
-        "DISTINCT #{columns}, #{order_columns * ', '}"
-      end
-
-      module Utils
-        extend self
-
-        # Returns an array of <tt>[schema_name, table_name]</tt> extracted from +name+.
-        # +schema_name+ is nil if not specified in +name+.
-        # +schema_name+ and +table_name+ exclude surrounding quotes (regardless of whether provided in +name+)
-        # +name+ supports the range of schema/table references understood by Redshift, for example:
-        #
-        # * <tt>table_name</tt>
-        # * <tt>"table.name"</tt>
-        # * <tt>schema_name.table_name</tt>
-        # * <tt>schema_name."table.name"</tt>
-        # * <tt>"schema.name"."table name"</tt>
-        def extract_schema_and_table(name)
-          table, schema = name.scan(/[^".\s]+|"[^"]*"/)[0..1].collect{|m| m.gsub(/(^"|"$)/,'') }.reverse
-          [schema, table]
-        end
-      end
-
-      protected
-        # Returns the version of the connected Redshift server.
-        def redshift_version
-          @connection.server_version
-        end
-
-        def translate_exception(exception, message)
-          case exception.message
-          when /duplicate key value violates unique constraint/
-            RecordNotUnique.new(message, exception)
-          when /violates foreign key constraint/
-            InvalidForeignKey.new(message, exception)
-          else
-            super
-          end
-        end
-
-      private
-        FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED = "0A000" # :nodoc:
-
-        def exec_no_cache(sql, binds)
-          @connection.async_exec(sql)
-        end
-
-        def exec_cache(sql, binds)
-          begin
-            stmt_key = prepare_statement sql
-
-            # Clear the queue
-            @connection.get_last_result
-            @connection.send_query_prepared(stmt_key, binds.map { |col, val|
-              type_cast(val, col)
-            })
-            @connection.block
-            @connection.get_last_result
-          rescue PGError => e
-            # Get the PG code for the failure.  Annoyingly, the code for
-            # prepared statements whose return value may have changed is
-            # FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED.  Check here for more details:
-            # http://git.redshift.org/gitweb/?p=redshift.git;a=blob;f=src/backend/utils/cache/plancache.c#l573
-            code = e.result.result_error_field(PGresult::PG_DIAG_SQLSTATE)
-            if FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED == code
-              @statements.delete sql_key(sql)
-              retry
-            else
-              raise e
-            end
-          end
-        end
-
-        # Returns the statement identifier for the client side cache
-        # of statements
-        def sql_key(sql)
-          "#{schema_search_path}-#{sql}"
-        end
-
-        # Prepare the statement if it hasn't been prepared, return
-        # the statement key.
-        def prepare_statement(sql)
-          sql_key = sql_key(sql)
-          unless @statements.key? sql_key
-            nextkey = @statements.next_key
-            @connection.prepare nextkey, sql
-            @statements[sql_key] = nextkey
-          end
-          @statements[sql_key]
-        end
-
-        # The internal Redshift identifier of the money data type.
-        MONEY_COLUMN_TYPE_OID = 790 #:nodoc:
-        # The internal Redshift identifier of the BYTEA data type.
-        BYTEA_COLUMN_TYPE_OID = 17 #:nodoc:
-
-        # Connects to a Redshift server and sets up the adapter depending on the
-        # connected server's characteristics.
-        def connect
-          @connection = PGconn.connect(*@connection_parameters)
-
-          # Money type has a fixed precision of 10 in Redshift 8.2 and below, and as of
-          # Redshift 8.3 it has a fixed precision of 19. RedshiftColumn.extract_precision
-          # should know about this but can't detect it there, so deal with it here.
-          RedshiftColumn.money_precision = (redshift_version >= 80300) ? 19 : 10
-
-          configure_connection
-        end
-
-        # Configures the encoding, verbosity, schema search path, and time zone of the connection.
-        # This is called by #connect and should not be called manually.
-        def configure_connection
-          if @config[:encoding]
-            @connection.set_client_encoding(@config[:encoding])
-          end
-          self.schema_search_path = @config[:schema_search_path] || @config[:schema_order]
-        end
-
-        # Returns the current ID of a table's sequence.
-        def last_insert_id(sequence_name) #:nodoc:
-          r = exec_query("SELECT currval('#{sequence_name}')", 'SQL')
-          Integer(r.rows.first.first)
-        end
-
-        # Executes a SELECT query and returns the results, performing any data type
-        # conversions that are required to be performed here instead of in RedshiftColumn.
-        def select(sql, name = nil, binds = [])
-          exec_query(sql, name, binds).to_a
-        end
-
-        def select_raw(sql, name = nil)
-          res = execute(sql, name)
-          results = result_as_array(res)
-          fields = res.fields
-          res.clear
-          return fields, results
-        end
-
-        # Returns the list of a table's column names, data types, and default values.
-        #
-        # The underlying query is roughly:
-        #  SELECT column.name, column.type, default.value
-        #    FROM column LEFT JOIN default
-        #      ON column.table_id = default.table_id
-        #     AND column.num = default.column_num
-        #   WHERE column.table_id = get_table_id('table_name')
-        #     AND column.num > 0
-        #     AND NOT column.is_dropped
-        #   ORDER BY column.num
-        #
-        # If the table name is not prefixed with a schema, the database will
-        # take the first match from the schema search path.
-        #
-        # Query implementation notes:
-        #  - format_type includes the column size constraint, e.g. varchar(50)
-        #  - ::regclass is a function that gives the id for a table name
-        def column_definitions(table_name) #:nodoc:
-          exec_query(<<-end_sql, 'SCHEMA').rows
-            SELECT a.attname, format_type(a.atttypid, a.atttypmod),
-                     pg_get_expr(d.adbin, d.adrelid), a.attnotnull, a.atttypid, a.atttypmod
-              FROM pg_attribute a LEFT JOIN pg_attrdef d
-                ON a.attrelid = d.adrelid AND a.attnum = d.adnum
-             WHERE a.attrelid = '#{quote_table_name(table_name)}'::regclass
-               AND a.attnum > 0 AND NOT a.attisdropped
-             ORDER BY a.attnum
-          end_sql
-        end
-
-        def extract_pg_identifier_from_name(name)
-          match_data = name.start_with?('"') ? name.match(/\"([^\"]+)\"/) : name.match(/([^\.]+)/)
-
-          if match_data
-            rest = name[match_data[0].length, name.length]
-            rest = rest[1, rest.length] if rest.start_with? "."
-            [match_data[1], (rest.length > 0 ? rest : nil)]
-          end
-        end
-
-        def extract_table_ref_from_insert_sql(sql)
-          sql[/into\s+([^\(]*).*values\s*\(/i]
-          $1.strip if $1
-        end
-
-        def table_definition
-          TableDefinition.new(self)
-        end
-    end
-  end
+require_relative "../tasks/redshift_tasks"
+
+if ActiveRecord.version >= Gem::Version.new('8.0.0')
+  require_relative 'redshift_8_0_adapter'
+elsif ActiveRecord.version >= Gem::Version.new('7.2.0')
+  require_relative 'redshift_7_2_adapter'
+elsif ActiveRecord.version >= Gem::Version.new('7.1.0')
+  require_relative 'redshift_7_1_adapter'
+elsif ActiveRecord.version >= Gem::Version.new('7.0.0')
+  require_relative 'redshift_7_0_adapter'
+else
+  raise 'no compatible version of ActiveRecord detected'
 end